structure, erected at an expense of ^80,00(1 ; one, a
chain bridge, over the Lehigh, on the Philadelphia
road; and two over the ISushkill. There are two
banks, — one the Easton Bank, with a capital of
$40,000.
Fro7n New-York to Fassaic F^lls, ly railroad.
Jersey City, 1
Bergen 2 3
Acquackanonk, 9 12
Paterson and the Falls, 5 17
Jersey City A
Bergen.i
AcquacJcanonJc. — A village of Passaic county, sit-
uated on the right bank of the Passaic, 12 miles N. W.
from New- York. It contains tvro places of worship,
one cotton factory and about 450 inhabitants, who
are chiefly engaged In manufacturing.
Fassaic Falls. — This is a beautiful sheet of water,
which presents an unbroken fall of fifty feet. It is
situated at the town of Paterson, on the Passaic river,
whose banks here are nearly vertical. The water
in its passage, through the lapse of ages, has worn a
deep chasm in the solid rock, which is obviously
retreating, as the abraided banks below testify. No
spectacle can be more imposiiig than is presented by
the fallina: liquid, as it glides gently over the brow of
the precipice. The town of Faterson is admirably
si'uated for manufacturing purposes at tlie falls, which
afford a constant and abundant supply of water for
th« vast number of factories in operation in the town,
•^ r
NEW-YORK TO ALBANY.
43
which is now one of the most important manufactur-
ing places in the United States. The number of
buildings at present in Paterson and New Manches-
ter, an adjoining village, is upwards of one thousand,
and that of tht inhabitants, 7,598. Here are Pres-
byterians, both of the old and new schools ; Dutch
Reformed, Roman Catholics, Episcopalians, Bap-
tists, Methodists, Seceders, Lutherans, Friends,
Universalists, Unitarians, &c. There are in the town
a society for the promotion of literature and science,
which has an excellent library, a Mechanics' Insti-
tute, a Museum, a Circulating Library, a PubUc Li-
brary, and some other institutions of a similar de-
scription.
Bouie up the Hudson, to Albany, by stamJioai.
Towns on the West banb^ Towns, &c. on the East bank.
Hoboken
Wehawk 2
Bull's Ferry 3
FortLee 4
Piermont 14
Nyack 5
Warren 7
Stony Point 5
Caldwell's Landing 3
Fort Clinton
FortMontgomery
Bare Mount
Fort Putnam
West Point
Crows'-nest Mt. ...
Butter Hill 1
New Windsor 3
Newburg 2
Marlboro' 6
Milton 4
1 Bloomingdale
3 Manhattanville ...
6 Spuyten DuyvelC.
10 Yonkers
24 Hastings
29 Dobbs' Ferry
36 Tarrytown
41 Sing Sing
44 Teller's Point, )
Croton, ^
48 Verplanck City ...
PeekskiU
e-c) Anthony'sNoseMt
Sugar-loaf xMt
55 Cold Spring
56 Bull Mt
59 Break-neck Mt....
61 Fishkill Land'g,
67 or Martinsville,
71 Hamburg,
2
8
5
13
4
17
3
20
2
22
5
27
6
33
2
35
6
41
3
44
2
46
4
50
4
54
2
58
1
57
4
61
6
67
44 ROUTE FROM
Towns on ths West bank. Towns, &c. on the East bank.
New Paitz Landin|{ 3 74 Barnegat 4 71
Pelham 10 84 Poughkeepsie ... . 3 74
Culuinbus ^ r Q1 Hyde Park. G 80
Kingston \ Statesburg 5 85
Glasijow 10 100 Rhynbeck 5 90
Bristol 2 102 Barrvr<.wn, or > ^ q-
Catskil! 9 III P.edHookL L. ( ^ ^^
Atheis 5 Ho Tivoli, or Red ) o inn
Coxackie 8 124 Hook U. L. ^ '^ ^^^
New Bnlrimore .... 7 131 Saufferties 1 lOl
Coevmans 2 133 Hiidson 15 IIG
Albany 12 145 Columhiaville .... 5 121
Kinderhook lan'g G 127
Schodack 8 135
Castleton 2 137
Greenbush 8 145
IIohoken,\ see " Environs of New- York," p. 27.
Wehawk.i
Bloom ingda le . t
Manhattanville.f
BulVs Ferry.— A. noted ferry across the Hudson.
Furt Lee. — This fort, which, with Fort Washing,
ton on the opposite side of the river, was the scene
of important military operations during the revolu-
tionary war. A large body of American militia sta-
tioned here, in attempting to retreat, were overpow-
ered by a vastly superior force, consisting chiefly of
Hessians, when they were either slain or consigned
to the prison ships, a fate more terrific than death
itself. The site of Fort Lee is upwards of 3U0 above
the water. A hotel at the landing is much frequented.
A few miles below Fort Lee, commences the Pali-
sades, a lofty basaltic wall, v»'hich extends for twen-
ty miles up the west bank of the Hudson. They are
nearly vertical, and range from 200 to 500 feet in
height. The columns, which are divided into seg-
ments, admirably fitted to each other, are altogether
NEW-TORK TO ALBANY. 45
of a coarser texture than most other similar forma-
tions, though, in some parts, the angles are equally
perfect and well defined.
Spnytcn Diiyvel Creek. — An inconsiderable open-
ing on the east side of the fludson, which, with Har^
laem river, separates the island of New.York from
the main land of Westchtster county.
Kingsbridge. — A sort of rialto among the New-
Yorkers, crosses the strait a short distance from the
Pludson.
Yonkers. — A pleasant village of Westchester coun-
ty, situated at the outlet of Saw-mill creek. It is
built mostly on the river bank, which, being some-
what elevated, commands a fine view of the river and
the palisades opposite. Besides the two churches, an
academy and several taverns and store houses, there
are upwards of 75 dwelUngs, and a population of
about 500.
Hastings. — A small village and landing, of the
same county, consisting of 15 or 20 buildings of va-
rious sorts, including one hotel, a button factory, &c.
Dobbs^ Ferry 13 a small settlement and public land-
ing in Westchester county, with a ferry to the oppo-
site side of the Hudson.
Piermont, formerly Tappan Sloat. — This village
having been selectt d for the eastern terminus of the N.
York and Erie rail-road, the secluded httle Dutch set-
tlement of the "Sloat," which had reposed in peace
and quietness for a century or more, has received
the classic soubriquet of " Piermont," and is now an
important town of Rockland county. Such has been
the effect of this movement upon the unsophisticated
village, that its site is now covered by handsome
public and private edifices, which form a striking
contrast with the htde Dutch houses of its primitive
inhabitants.
There are in the town upwards of 150 buildings,
including two or three churches, and a population of
about 1,100. A pier about one mile ii) length, which
46 ROUTE FROM
forms the commencement of the rail-road just men-
tioned, extends over the flats to a commodious dock,
liear the channel of the river. The xNew-York and
Erie rail-road will, when completed, exfend to Dun-
kirk, on the eastern shore of Lake Erie, a distance
of 450 miles. It is now in use as far as Goshen, with
which daily communication is had. The little village of
Tappan, which is situated two miles west of Piermont,
is well known as the place of execution of Major
Andre, v>'hose remains were a few years since trans-
ferred to England, his native country. Two miles
below Piermont, commences,
Tappan Sea.— An expansion of the Hudson, about
ten miles in length and four in breadth, having Tarrj'-
t(jwn and Singsing on its east margin, and Piermont
and Nyack on the west.
Tarrytown is a large and well built town, with
about 1,100 inhabitants. This is the town in which
Major Andre was taken by the "Cow-boys," Paul-
ding, Williams and Van Wart, after his conference
with Arnold.
Sleepy Hollow is a little to the north of Tarrytown.
JVyack. — A village of Rockland county, containing
about 650 inhabitants, three or four churches, and the
usual complement of taverns, shops, &c.
Singsing. — An incorporated tov/n of Westchester
county, situated in the N. E. angle of Tappan bay,
near Teller's point. It v/as founded in 1796, and
derives its name from the indian terms Ossin sive^,
(stony ground,) a most apposite name. Singsing be-
ing celebrated for its marble quarries, as the ground
plot consists of a plain which declines rapidly as it
approaches the river, nearly every building- may be
seen in passing. Besides the state prison near the
water's edge, there are 4 churches, 6 public houses,
one ship yard, one iron foundry, an academy, a hand-
some marble building, and about 350 dweUings, with
about 2,500 inhabitants.
The State Prison, in the southern part of the town,
NEn'-YORK TO ALBAr^T. 47
is an immence pile, resembling military barracks.
The principal building, which is occupied exclusively
by the men, is 480 feet long, 44 wide and 5 stories
high, and contains 1,000 cells. The females are placed
in another building, which stands upon the high
ground in the rear.
Croton river. — From which the city of New- York
is supplied with water, has its principal fountain in
Dutchess county, and after a S. W. course of 45 miles,
enters the Hudson a short distance above Singsing.
It is a beautiful sireara, whose waters are so pure and
transparent, that its pebbly bottom may be seen at a
considerable depth.
The Aqueduct, which conveys the water to the
city, is a most splendid work, not surpassed in mag.
nitude, by any similar structure of either ancient or
modern times. Its transverse section in the clear is
nine feet high, and seven and a half feet wide, its sides
have an inclination cf about 1 in 7, inward, from bot-
tom to top. It is nearly 42 miles in length, extends
from the great dam about seven miles up the stream,
through Singsing, Yonkers, and over Harlasm strait,
by an immense bridge, to the distributing basin in
the city.
Teller^s Point. — A peninsula at the mouth of the
Croton, which separates Tappan and Haverstraw
bays.
Croton or C'dlahurg Landing. — A small village
near Teller's point, containing about 70 inhabitants.
V/arren, or Haverstraw. — A village of Rockland
county, situated on the western recess of Haverstraw
bay. Population about 450, with two churches,*tav-
erns, stores, &c.
Haverstraw Bay. — An expansion of the river,
which is near about three miles in width and about
seven in length. Between Teller's point on the east,
and Vredidicker hook, a rocky eminence nearly 700
feet in height, on the west, it unites with Tappan sea
by a strait about a mile and a half in width. At its
48 ROUTE FROM
north end the river resumes its usual width, which
it maintains for a short distance.
Stony Pointy a military post during the revolution-
ary war. This point will be ever memorable in the
military history of the United States, as the scene
of one of General Wayne's most brilliant archiev-
ments. On the 11th of July, 1779, after a silent
march from West point, he suddenly attacked the post,
then in the hands of the British troops, and after a
spirited and bloody contest, succeeded in carrying
the place without discharging a gun : the garrison
surrendered at discretion. Being menaced by a vastly
superior force, General Wayne on the following day
withdrew his forces, after demoUshing the works and
securing the military stores.
Verplanck's City, formerly called Verplanck^s
Point, occupies a commandmg situation at the west-
ern extremity o{ the point. It was laid out a few years
since into lots, but notwithstanding its eligible position,
the city is still in its embryo state. There are about
30 buildings of every sort, and some 80 or 100 inha-
bitants. A short distance above Verplanck, com-
mence the
Highlands. — Being that portion of a lofty chain of
mountains which has been pierced by the Hudson,
presenting to the eye of the beholder a scene of wild
beauty and picturesque grandeur. The chain here,
upwards of fifteen hundred feet high, has evidently
been rent and torn asunder by the action of water,
by which it is probable the now fertile region above
may have been, in ages long past, submerged, until
relieved by the disruption of the Highlands.
In some places the banks ascend the crest of the
chain by easy step, more or less lofty ; whilst in others
it is reached by a continued succession of rugged
chasms, abrupt precipices and huge masses of naked
rock. The most noted summits are : Anthony^s
Nose, which shows itself immediately on leaving
Caldwell's landing. The rocks near the apex, (1,128
NEW-YORK TO ALBA.NT. 49
feet above the river,) present a rude representation
of a human countenance, when viewed from a certain
point ; Bare Blount, 1,350 feet ; Crows' Nest, 1,410 ;
Butter HUl,\, 529; BullHead, 1,486; Breakneck Hill,
1,187 ; New Beacon, 1,685 ; Old Beacon, 1,471. Thejr
are mostly covered over to their very summits with
dense forests, which add great beauty to the prospect.
CaldweWs Landing — A small settlement at which
mostof the river steam-boats touch. Here is a ferry to
Peekskill. — An important and handsome town
of Westchester county, containing about 1,800 inhab-
itants, eight churches, one bank, several extensive
factories, iron foundries, one academy, &c. It was
here that Palmer and Strang, British spies, were hung,
by order of General Putnam, during the revolution.
Forts jMonfgomerr/ and Clinton. — Two of the prin-
cipal defences during the revolutionary war, which
on one occasion were attacked by a British force of
3,000 troops, and, with the garrison, consisting of 600
men, were captured on the 6th October, 1777.
West Point. — The seat of the United States Mili-
tary Academy, estabUshed in 1802, which occupies
an extensive and beautiful plain, elevated about 175
feet above the surface of the Hudson. The buildings
consist of an academy, built of stone, 275 feet long
and 75 wide, in which are deposited the instruments,
models and other apparatus ; an observatory, 150
by 60 feci, surmounted by a dome ; two barracks, a
hospital, a chapel, &.c. ; a large hotel, and about 50
other buildings, mostly occupied by the professors and
officers of the institute and their assistants. The
entire population, including 250 cadets (the number
authorized by law.) is about 800. Such are the nume-
rous attractions of the place, that it is visited by a vast
n\imber of persons during the travelling season. Here
resides Mr. R. W. V/eir, author of the admirable pic-
ture of the "Departure of the Pilgrims," one cf the
finest paintings in the capitol at Washington. In the
early part of the revolutionary contest, West Point
5
60 ROUTE FROM
became an object of attention. At several points
forts were erected, some of which are still to be seen
Fort Putnam, situated on Mount Independence, about
600 feet above the plain, is the first object seen on ap-
proaching the point from the south. This spot and
the adjacent country are memorable as the scene of
Arnold's treachery.
Cold Spring. — A busy and thriving town of Put-
nam county, containing about 200 buildings, includ-
ing 5 churches, 4 public houses, one extensive iron
foundry and machine shop, and some other factories.
Population about 1,300.
New Windsor. — A small town of Orange county,
with 250 inhabitants, two churches, a boatyard, &c.
Newhurg. — An important incorporated town of
Orange county. It is pleasantly situated on a bank,
which rises by a bold acclivity, and presents a fine
appearance from the river.
In addition to the court-house and other county
offices, there are upwards of 1,200 buildings includ-
ing eleven churches, three banks, fourteen hotels,
IGO stores, three flouring mills, three plaster mills, one
brewery, one floor-cloth factory, factories of leather,
ploughs, combs, tobacco, carriages, &c., &c. It has
frequent communications with New- York and Alba-
ny by steamers, which ply constantly along the river,
and with the opposite shore by steam ferr)^-boats.
The courts for Orange county sit alternately here and
at Goshen, about 20 miles inland. Immediately op-
posite Newburg is
Martinsville or Fishkill Landing. — Where an ex-
tensive settlement has grown up within a few years
past. The ground on which the village is situated,
forms a part of the " Rumbout Patent," so called,
which comprehended an area of nearly 200 square
miles. A considerable portion of this immense tract
was continued in the possession of Rumbout's de-
scendants from the date of the patent down to the
present time, a period of nearly 140 years. The
I<fEW-YORK TO ALBANY. 51
Schenck and Brett families, through whose influence
and exertions the tract has been so gready improved,
are among the Uneal descendants of the original pro-
prietor.
There are now several towns and villages within
this patent, the limits of which were determined by
a mode then comm.on among the settlers, by which
the outlines of tracts were regulated by the distance
an indian could walk in a given number of hours.
Fishkill. — The seat of justice for Dutchess county.
Matteawan and Fishkill Landing, or Martinsville,
are the principal settlements within the limits of Rum-
bout's tract. The two latter may be regarded as one
town, both having attained to their present impor-
tance in consequence of the establishment of facto,
ries in the neighborhood. The site of Martinsville
ascends by a gentle acclivity from the landing place,
until it reaches an elevated plane 80 or 90 feet above
the river, where most of the trades-people and me,
chanics reside. An extensive pier a quarter of a mile in
length, constructed at a cost of about 1^100,000, forms
the chief landing, which communicates with the op-
posite town of Newburgh, by a steam ferry-boat.
There are in the village two places of worship, four
public houses, 10 or 12 stores, one iron foundry, a
machine shop and flouring mill at the mouth of Fish-
kill creek, and about 130 other buildings.
Matte aw an. — A remarkably neat and flourishing
village of Dutchess county, situated about one mile
east from Martinsville, on both sides of Fishkill creek.
The ground upon which the town is built is gently
undulating, with here and there a prominent emi-
nence, which, with the adjacent mountains on the
east, and the romantic stream at their base, alto-
gether form a scene of surpassing beauty and love-
liness.
The town, which is well built with houses mostly
in the cottage style, having court-yards in front, pre-
sent an appearance of great neatness and rural beau.
62 p,onTE moM
ty. It comprises a principal avenue with smaller
streets, some of which lead to bridges over the creek,
where many of the operatives reside. The factory,
consisting of several detached buildings, in which the
various branches are conducted, is situated on the
right or west bank of Fishkill Creek, about one mile
above its discharge into the Hudson. On the same
side are most of the dwelling houses and some beau-
tiful seats, among which is ihatof i\lr. P. H. Schenck,
who is largely interested in the Matteawau estab-
lishments.
The Episcopal church, near the Teller mansion, is
a neat and coinmodious edifice ; and on the east side
of the creek stands the Presbyterian church. Mat-
eawan, from its situation and salubrious air, is likely
to maintain its respectability ; the neighborhood hav-
ing been selected as the residence of many wealthy
families. The present population of the village ex.
(leeds 1,000, which, on the revival of business, so great-
ly depressed of late years, will doubtless increase
lapidly.
Hamburg. — An inconsiderable village of Dutchess
county, 6 miles above Martinsville.
Marlboro. — A small village of Ulster county, on
the west bank of the Hudson.
Milton. — A small settlement on tl^e west bank of
the river.
Barnegat — A busy little town of Dutchess county,
with about 2U0 inhabitants, chiefly engaged in hme
business.
Poijghkeepsie. — A large and commercial town of
Duchess county, and the depot for an extensive and
productive agricultural district in the rear. It is about
midway between the cities of New- York and Albany,
with both of which it has almost hourly communi-
cation by means of steam boats and sailing vessels.
Its manufactures, which are vast and various, con-
sist of silk goods, carpets, loco notive engines, and
railroad apparatus of all sorts, malt liquors, fiour,
NEW-YORK TO ALBANY. 53
plaster, bricks, pins, fire-arms, paper-hangings, snufF
and segars, cordage, carriages. There are several
iron and brass foundries, grist mills, saw mills, ma-
chine shops, rope walks, lumber yards, &c. &,c.
The other buildings consist of a court-house, jail,
alms house, college, a gymnasium, academy, 13
places of worship, belonging to the Episcopahans,
Methodists, Baptists, Reformed Dutch, Cathohcs,
Friends, &lc. ; three banks, 10 or 12 hotels, work
shops, and about 1,100 dwelHng houses, with about
8,0U0 inhabitants. In the town are also two female
seminaries, a lyceum, a savings bank, a whahng com-
pany, 3 printing offices, from which papers are issued.
The town occupies one of the finest and most pic-
turesque sites on the river, but owing to its elevated
and remote position, it cannot be seen to advantage
from the river.
New Paltz Landing. — A small settlement of Ul-
ster county, comprising 1 church, 1 grist mill, and
about 50 other buildings, with about 200 inhabitants.
Hyde Park, — A handsome village on the east bank
of the Hudson, in Dutchess county. The settlement,
which extends from the river bank to the post road,
a distance of nearly a mile, comprises about 120 build-
ings, including three churches and several extensive
manufacturing estabhshments, and about 750 inhabit-
ants.
Pelham. — A small collection of buildings .on the
west bank of the Hudson, nearly opposite to
Statesburg. — Another inconsiderable village on the
east side.
Rhynheck. — Situated about two miles east of the
Hudson, where it has a landing, also a considerable
village, is a large and important town, with a pop-
ulation of not less than 1,200. Here are 3 churches,
4 or 5 houses of pubUc entertainment, 1 iron found-
ry, 1 paper aiid 1 flouring mill ; together with the
usual complement of mechanics' shops, stores, &c.
Columbus. — A small village situated near the mouth
5*
54 ROUTE FROM
of the Walkill, containing a dozen or twenty houses,
and the landing place for
Kingston. — A large and flourishing town of Ulster
county, situated on Esopus creek, and three miles
distant from the former. It is an incorporated town,
with about 2,500 inhabitants ; many of whom are
extensively engaged in the coal trade. In the town
are a court-house, jail, 4 churches, academy, 2 banks,
6 public houses, 2 printing offices, 1 iron foundry,
tobacco, carriage, leather, and many other manufac-
tories. Kingston, or Esopus, as it was originally
called, is intimately connected with our revolutionary
history.
It was taken and burnt by the British, on the 16th
of October, 1777, the day before the surrender of
Burgoyne. The incendiaries, on learning the fate of
Burgoyne, precipitately decamped and look shelter on
board their vessels, then lying in the Hudson. A
short distance from Kingston is the busy little town of
Eddyville. — Situated on the left bank of the Ron-
douti and at the eastern terminus of the Hudson and
Delaware canal, by which the coal and other pro,
duce of the Lackawana Valley, in Pennsylvania, are
transported to the banks of the Hudson. The chief
seat of the coal trade is at the neighboring village of
Rondout, where extensive coal depots are established.
Red Hook Lower Landing, or Barrytown, a small
settlement on the east side of the Hudson, consisting
of store houses, and other buildings connected with
the landing. The upper landing is now called
Tivoli. — A much more important town than the
last; it contains 2 churches, 2 or 3 inns, several stores,
2 grist mills, 1 cloth factory, 2 saw mills, and about
300 inhabitants ; here is a ferry to the village of
Saugerties. — A small but neat village of Ulster
county.
Glasgow. — A village of the same county, contains
some 250 inhabitants.
Bristol. — A small manufacturing village of Ulster
NEW- YORK TO ALBANY. 55
Among the public edifices are a court house, jail,
6 churches of various denominations, and 2 Friends'
Catskill. — A large incorporated town of Greene
county, of which it is the seat of justice. It is situ,
ated on the v/est or right bank of the Hudson, at the
mouth of Catskill creek, and extends up both sides
of that creek for | of a mile. Its population is nearly
2,000 ; and pubhc buildings are a court-house, jail,
and other county offices, fi churches, 2 banks, 12
hotels, besides other houses of entertainment; to-
gether with the usual complement of mechanics'
shops, factories, &c. &c. Population about 3,000. ^