Its source was near Plataea,
whose territory it watered;
from thence it crossed the plain
of Thebes, and went to fall
into the Euripus, W of Oropus,
between the town of Aulis W
and promontory Delphinium E.
It separated the territory of the
Plataeans from that of the
Thebans. m. . Asopo. ix. 50.
Asopii. The name given to the
inhabitants of the banks of the
Asopus in Breotia. They were
divided into several villages
dependent on Thebes, ix. 15.
Assa. A town situate at the
extremity of the Singitic gulf;
W of the channel excavated
by Xerxes across the isthmus
of mount Athos. vii. 122.
Assesus. A town or village
of Milesia, site unknown, i.
19.
Assyria. In ancient authors the
Assyrians are sometimes called
Syrians, and vice versa the
Syrians, Assyrians. Therefore
Assyria may be taken in a sense
more or less extensive. In its
more extensive sense it com-
prised several large provinces
which depended on the Kings
of Assyria, besides the Syrians
of Cappadocia, and the Syrians
of Palestine. In a less ex-
tensive sense, it was rather a
limited province, the capital
of which was Ninos, or Nineveh.
According to Ptolemy the bounds
of Assyria were : N a part of
greater Armenia, and mount
Niphates; W Mesopotamia or
the Tigris; S Susiana; E a
part of Media, with mount
Chaboras or Chaothras.
Astraeus. See Haliacmon.
Atarantes. They are ten journeys
from the Garamantes, and the
same distance from the Atl antes,
iv. 184.
Atarbechis. A city in the island
of Prosopitis, in the Delta, ii.
.41.
Atarneus. A small territory,
with a town of the same name,
belonging to Mysia, opposite to
the island of Lesbos ; it was
fruitful in corn. vi. 29. viii.
106.
Athenae. A town of Attica,
situate a little inland, between
the Cephisus W, and the Ilissus
. It still bears its ancient
name, and is a considerable
town for a country that has
groaned so long under Ma-
hometan bondage.
Athos, Peninsula of. Is in
Thrace. It stretches in length
from WNW to ESE, and mount
Athos extends its whole length.
The shade of the mountain is
said to reach the island of
Lemnos, although according to
Pliny it is eighty-seven R. miles
distant. Pliny or his copyists
however have , made a mistake,
for the distance is certainly not
more than twenty miles. At
sunset the mountain is visible
from the coast of Asia, appear-
ing as a mass of fiery gold.
It is now called Agio Oros, or
Agio Bouni, from the quantity
376
GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Auchatte.
of monasteries which cover its
sides ; these monasteries are in-
habited by a crowd of dirty
monks, or caloyers as they are
called in the Greek church, who
affect to permit no animal of
the female sex to set foot on
their holy land.
Athribis. A town of Egypt, the
territory of which was called
the nome Athribitana; it ap-
pears to have been at no great
distance from Busiris. m. n.
Atrib in Sharkia.
Atbrys. A river which according
to Herodotus flows through the
country of the Crobyzi Thra-
cians, and falls into the Ister.
iv. 49.
Atlantes. They are situate ten
journeys from the Atarantes.
Their country confines on mount
Atlas, from whence they have
taken their name. A salt hill
and spring of fresh water are
seen in their country, iv. 184.
Atlas. A mountain of Libya,
mentioned by Herodotus, iv.
184.
Atlas. A large river which
rises in the tops of mount
Haemus ; flows N-, and disem-
bogues in the Ister. iv. 49.
Atramyttium. A sea town, with a
port, situate in that part of Mysia,
in Asia Minor, which is towards
the Caicus ; N of the territory
of Atarneus ; on the E point of
a gulf called, from the town,
the Atramyttenian gulf. It was
an Athenian colony; sixty
stades from Thebe in Cilicia,
capital of the states of Eetion,
father of Andromache, vii. 42.
m. n. Adramitti.
Attica. A country of Greece.
Its boundaries were: S the
Saronic gulf; E the Euripus ;
N Breotia; W Megaris and
mount Cithaeron. The face of
the country was unequal, half
plains and half mountains; in
the latter there were some gold
and silver mines, and very
famous marble quarries. The
air was extremely pure; and
the country was once so popu-
lous, that it contained one
hundred andseventy-fourplaces,
some of which were equal to
towns: 316 B.C. under De-
metrius Phalereus the census
of the inhabitants of Attica
was as follows :
Citizens 21,000
Metoicoi those who
had not the rights of
citizenship 10,000
Slaves 400,000
431,000
The ports of Attica were
good, and conveniently situated;
the rivers were few ; for the
Ilissus, the Eridanus, and Ce-
phissus are nothing more than
mountain streams, dry through-
out the summer.
Attica bore formerly the
name of Acte from Actaea and
Atthis ; it had been divided
into thirteen tribes; which were,
1. Acamantis, 2. Mantis, 3.
Antiochis, 4. Attalis, 5. JEgeis,
6. Erechtheis, 7. Hadrianis,
8. Hippothoontis, 9. Cecropis,
10. Leontis, 11. CEneis, 12.
Ptolemais, 13. Pandionis. The
ten most ancient tribes derived
their names from heroes of the
country.
Herodotus names the four
most ancient tribes Geleontes,
.^Egicores, Argades, Hoples,
which Clisthenes subdivided
into ten, but he does not give
the names of those ten tribes.
Auchatae. See Scythae.
Babylon.
GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
377
Augila. A part of Libya; ten
journeys from Amraon ; twenty
from Thebes; this country has
a salt hill and a fountain.
The country appears to have
abounded in date trees or
palms, the fruit of which the
Nasatnones went to collect in
autumn. " Modern travellers
inform us, that the dates in the
plain of Gegabih, five journeys
to the E of that of Augila,
are gathered by the people
on the coast of Derna; so
that one may conceive, that
the same practice prevails
throughout the whole region."
Rennell, p. 614.
Auras. A river which rising in
the tops of Haemus, flows N
and falls into the Ister. iv. 49.
Auschisae. Border on the As-
bystae E ; they dwell above
Barce, and extend to the sea,
near the Euesperidae. Their
country is bounded on the W
by that of the Nasamones. iv.
171, 172.
Ausenses. W of the Triton, a
river which divided them from
the Machlyes. iv. 180.
Automoli (i. e. Transfugae).
A people originally Egyptian;
who under the reign of Psam-
mitichus passed into Ethiopia,
and received from the king of
that country a tract of land
forty journeys from Meroe, and
therefore ninety-two journeys
"from the island of Tachompso.
ii. 30.
Axius. A river of Macedonia,
the head of which is in mount
Scardus on the N; it falls into
the Thermaean gulf, now called
Golfo di Saloniki. Near the
Axius is a marsh, by the side
of which the Echidorus dis-
charges its waters into the sea.
VOL. ii.
The Axius towards its mouth
divided Mygdoniafrom Bottiaeis
and Amphaxitis. TO. . Vardari
vii. 123.
Axus. Cap'ital of a small
kingdom in Crete : situate about
the middle of the island more
N than S, at a small distance
from Eleutherae. iv. 154.
Aziris. A very agreeable quarter
in Libya; surrounded on two
sides by hills covered with
trees ; on another watered by
a river. This quarter was op-
posite the island of Plataea. iv.
157.
Azotus. A large town in Syria,
situate on the Mediterranean,
between Ascalon and Acco,
since called Ptolemais ; or
otherwise, between Jamnia and
Ascalon, as may be seen in
Judith (ii. 28. of the LXX
version); or between Gaza and
Jamnia, according to Josephus.
These contradictions are only
apparent, as Azotus wasbetween
all the above places. It had
a port, and was a long time
possessed by the Philistines;
Joshua afterwards assigned it
to the tribe of Judah. Psammi-
tichus, king of Egypt, took it
after twentv-nine years' siege,
ii. 157.
B.
Babylon. A town of Assyria on
the Euphrates. It was the
capital of Babylonia, which be-
came a separate kingdom after
it had shaken off the yoke of the
Assyrians. After the destruc-
tion of Nineveh, it extended its
conquests into Assyria, and
Babylon then became the
capital of the empire of the
3c
37
GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Bcrmius.
Assyrians. Persia was never
subject to it; the Medes con-
quered it from the Assyrians.
Babylon stood on a large
plain; its shape was a square,
one hundred and twenty stades
on each side, making in all a
circuitof four hundred andeighty
stades. It was surrounded with
a deep fosse filled with water,
and a wall fifty royal cubits
thick and two hundred high.
It had one hundred gates all of
brass, with hinges and j ambages
and lintels of the same metal.
The Euphrates divided Ba-
bylon into two quarters, the E
and the W; the houses were
from two to three stories high.
Some vast ruins of this town
are seen about the modern town
of Hillah ; they have been care-
fully examined by the British
consul at Bagdad, whose memoir
relative to Babylon is extremely
interesting, as it serves in
another instance to demonstrate
the accuracy of the Historian's
observation or information, i.
178, &c.
Babylonia. Is taken sometimes
to signify the whole of the
country between Mesopotamia,
the Tigris, and the Persian
gulf; in this sense that gulf is
the same as the gulf of the
Chaldees, Babylonia is like-
wise sometimes used for the
upper part, which is towards
the bed of the Euphrates, and
round the city of Babylon.
This country after shaking off
the yoke of the Assyrians be-
came a very powerful empire.
It was conquered by Cyrus.
Bactra. A town in Asia ;
capital of Bactriana on the
river Zariaspa. The town itself
likewise was called Zariaspa.
Bactriana, B*xrg/j %*>%*' A
country of Asia ; it was
bounded W by Margiana, N
by the Oxus, S by mount
Paropamisus. It is a large
and rich country, watered by
several rivers flowing from S
to N, and discharging their
streams into the Oxus. Bac-
triana forms part of Khorassan ;
its capital is Bactra. m. n, Balkhe.
The names Bactra and Bac-
triana are derived from Balchter,
which signifies the east.
Barce, B'xj napy. A village
of Bactriana ; place of banish-
ment for the Barcaei, made
prisoners by the Persians under
the reign of Darius. Site un-
known, iv. 204.
Barce. A town of the Pentapolis
of Libya; one hundred stades
from the sea, andnearPtolemais,
which was its port. m. n. Barca
and Tolometa.
Beatorum Insula, M#*gv ?.
A small tract in Libya, sur-
rounded by a vast desert and
sandy country, from which cir-
cumstance this spot took the
name of island. The appella-
tion p*x'gx was given it be-
cause it abounded in springs, pro-
duced excellent wine (probably
date wine), and abundance of
every thing necessary. It was
the Great Oasis ; m. n. El-
Ouah or El-Wah. See Oasis,
iii. 26.
Belbina. A small island of the
Saronic gulf, near lEg'ma., but
higher up in the gulf. m. n.
Lavousa. viii. 125.
Bermius. A mountain of Mace-
donia, properly so called, to-
wards Bottiaeis. At the foot
of this mountain stood the
town of Bercea: there were
mines in the neighbourhood,
Borysthcnes. GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
379
from whence Midas drew his
riches. S of this mountain
were the gardens of Midas, son
of Gordius, famous for their
roses, viii. 138.
Bessi. A people of Thrace;
NW of the Pieres, and dwelling
along and on, the E bank of
the Nestus, from its source to
the territory of the Satrae :
they do not appear to have
been very clearly distinguished
from the Satrse. vii. 111.
Bisaltia. A country of Mace-
donia, towards the confines of
Thrace ; its inhabitants were
called Bisaltfs. It lay entirely
W of the Strymon, and above the
towns of Argilus and Amphipolis,
or the Nine Ways. vii. 115.
Bisanthe. A town of Thrace, on
the Propontis at the mouth of
the Hellespont. It was built by
the Samians. It took afterwards
the name of Rhsedestum. m. n.
Rhodosto.
Bistones. A people of Thrace,
dwelling N of Dicaea, E and N
of the lake Bistonis. vii. 110.
Bistonis lacus. It is in Thrace,
and takes its name from the
neighbouring people the Bistones.
It is now called Bouron. It
is formed by several rivers,
which are from E to W, the
Trauus, the Compsatus, and the
Cossinites. vii. 109.
Bithynia. Bounded W by the
Bosphorus of Thrace and the
Propontis; S and SW by mount
Olympus, and by the Rhyn-
dacus; a river which separates
Bithynia from Mysia, rising in
the country of theOlympienians,
and falling into the Propontis
NE of, and near to, Cyzicus.
On the N Bithynia is bounded
by the Euxine. Its E boundary
is not clearly determined; ac-
cording to Arrian it is the river
called Parthenius. vii. 75.
Boebei's palus, n B0(ni; Afcwj. In
the W part of Magnesia ; near
Pherae, and the W extremities
of mounts Ossa and Pelion. vii
129.
Boeotia. A country between
Phocis W and N, and Megaris
and Attica S. This country
touches three seas, and has
a good number of ports.
Bolbitinum ostium. A town of
Egypt, which gave its name to
a canal and mouth of the Nile.
This canal must be between
the Canobic and Saitic canals;
it was dug by man. The
mouth of this canal is a little
above Rascid on Rosset, which
stands on the site of Bolbitinis.
ii. 17.
Borysthenes. A large river of
Scythia, which discharges itself
into the Euxine. It is more N
than the Hypanis. Its m. n.
is Nieper or Dnieper. Its
source was unknown to the
ancients; we now know that
this river rises in Muscovite
Russia, between Wolock and
Oleschno ; it then traverses the
palatinate of Smolenskow from
E to W, then proceeds from N
to S, and after many turns falls
into the Euxine sea. Major
Rennell suspects that Hero-
dotus was not apprised of the
famous cataracts of this river,
which occur at about the
height of two hundred miles
above its embouchure, and are
said to be thirteen in number ;
for he seems to consider the
navigation as being uninter-
rupted during forty days up-
wards from the sea.
Borysthenes. A town built on
the banks of the Borysthenes
380
GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Bucotioum.
at the mouth of the Hypanis.
It was a staple inhabited by
Greeks from Miletus. The
port of Cherson, (near the mouth
of this grand river, i. e. the
Dnieper,) rendered famous by
the marine arsenals and docks
established there by the im-
mortal Catherine of Russia,
must be nearly in the same
situation with the port of the
Borysthenitae. Rennell. Hero-
dotus calls this town Be^vtrSivK,
ra 3of>vtr6itiiTia ctrrv, and TO
Borysthenitae. Herodotus gives
this name, first to the Scythian
cultivators who dwelt on the
banks of the Borysthenes or
Dnieper; second, to the inhabit-
ants of the city of Borysthenes,
who were Greeks from Miletus.
Bosporus Cimmerius. A strait
joining the Palus Maeotis with
the Euxine sea. It was called
Cimmerian, because the Cim-
merians had anciently inhabited
its W shores, m. n. Caffa,
Taman, or Zabache.
Strabo reckons from the Cim-
merian Bosphorus to the Tanais
two thousand two hundred
stades in a straight line ; a
little more in following the
Asiatic coasts ; but by the
European coasts the distance
was more than triple.
Bosporus Thracius. A strait
serving as a communication be-
tween the Euxine and the
Propontis. In calm weather
the voice of a man may be
easily heard from the Asiatic
shore to the European, m. n.
Bosforo or Canale del Mar
Nero.
Bottiaeis. A province or country
of Macedonia ; bounded N by
the Erigon; NE by the
Axius; E by the Thermsean
gulf; S by Pieria; W by Ema-
thia, or Macedonia, properly
so called, vii. 123.
Branchidae. See Milesia.
Brauron. A small town of
Attica, at a short distance from
Marathon ; pretty near mount
Hymettus, between that moun-
tain and mount Pentelicus.
Celebrated formerly for its
temple of Diana, and a festival
celebrated there in honour of
the Goddess, vi. 138.
Brundusium. A very celebrated
town of lapygia, with a fine
port. The town and its port
resembled a stag's head ; hence
its name which in the Mes-
sapian language signifies a
stag's head. m. n. Brindisi.
Briantica. A country of Thrace,
so called in the time of Hero-
dotus ; its ancient name had
been Galaica. See Galaica.
Brongus. A river of Moesia ;
which falls into the Ister or
Danube after receiving the
Angrus : supposed to be the
Save. iv. 49.
Brygi. A people of Thrace.
They were not far from Mace-
donia; near mount Bermius.
Bubastis. A town of Egypt,
capital of a nome of the same
name ; it was not far from the
vertex of the Delta, according
to Strabo, and near the Pelusiac
branch. The Arabian canal
began a little higher up.
D'Anville places it much too
low down in the Delta. This
town is called Pibeseth in
Ezek. xxx. 17. translated by
the LXX Boubastos.
Bucolicum ostium. A canal of
the Nile between the Sebennytic
and Mendesian. It appears to
be the same as that which
Cabalenses. GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
381
Strabo calls the Phatnic.
D'Anville confounds this canal
with the Sebennytic. ii. 17.
Budii. A people of Media.
Situation unknown : conjectured
to be N of the Magi, and W of
the source of the Choaspes.i. 101.
Budini. They dwelt above, and
N of, the Sauromatse. A large
and numerous nation ; Gelonus,
a wooden town in their country,
was occupied by the Greeks ;
hence they were improperly
called Geloni. iv. 108. The
country of the Budini is taken
by Rennell for that of Woronez.
Bura. A city of Achaia in
Peloponnesus; W of the river
Crathis, on a mountain and at a
very small distance from the
Corinthian gulf. i. 145.
Busae. A people of Media ;
situate towards the S coast of
the Caspian sea ; due N of the
Arizanti; N by E of the
Struchates. i. 101.
Busiris. A town of Egypt;
situate in the middle of the
Delta; where was seen a beauti-
ful temple of Isis. m. n. Busir.
It was the capital of the
Busiritane nome, which com-
prised likewise the town of
Cynospolis. ii. 59, 165.
Buto. 1. A town of Egypt, near
the isle of Chemmis; towards
the Sebennytic mouth ; it had
a celebrated temple of Latona.
D'Anville places this town too
far from the Sebennytic mouth.
See Chernmis. ii. 155, 156.
2. A town of Egypt, out
of the Delta, and near Arabia.
It was, therefore, very different
from the town of the same
name near the Sebennytic
mouth. No other author men-
tions this place ; it seems how-
ever to be alluded to in Numbers
xxxiii. 3. &c. of the LXX, under
the name of Boutham: ii. 75.
this place is called Etham in the
English version, Numb, xxxiii.
6. and Exod. xiii. 20.
Bybassia. A small country of
Asia, touching the peninsula
ofCnidia. i. 174.
Byzantium. A town situate on
the Thracian Bosphorus; Hero-
dotus however places it on the
Hellespont. See p. 1, note 1,
of this volume, m. n. Constan-
tinople, or Stamboul, or Is-
tamboul, a corruption of tis i>
or T
C.
Cabales. A Libyan nation not
very numerous ; situate opposite
to the centre of the country of
the Auschisae; and extending
along the sea shore towards
Taucheira. iv. 171.
Cabalia. A small country of
Asia Minor ; between Pam-
phylia, Lycia, and Pisidia. It
appears to have been afterwards
confounded partly with Lycia
and partly with Pamphylia.
In the days of Herodotus it
formed part of the second
Satrapy, whereas Lycia and
Pamphylia were in the first.
iii. 90.
Cabalenses Meones. They in-
habited Cabalia. See that word.
For it appears the Cabalians
are the inhabitants of Cabalis,
situate near Cibyra, S of the
Mseander. Herodotus says they
were armed and accoutred like
the Cilicians; because they
were in the vicinity W of the
Cilicians, N of Lycia and Pam-
phylia. I know not why they
were called Lasonii. viii. 77.
382
GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Camarina.
Cadmei. This was the name
given to the Phoenicians who
followed Cadmus into Greece.
They drove out of Histiaeotis a
part of the Pelasgic nation there
established.
The inhabitants of Thebes,
a town in Bceotia, were called
Cadmei. Some joined a colony
of lonians, and passed into
Asia Minor, under the guidance
of Philotas, where they founded
Priene
Cadytis. Probably the same as
Jerusalem : although it is by
no means clear what is the town
alluded to by Herodotus, ii. 159.
It was in Syria, and equal in
size to Sardis.
Caicus. A river of Mysia. It
flows north of the Hermus, and
falls into the sea near the town
of Elaea, opposite the island of
Lesbos. The plains which it
watered were very productive
of corn. vi. 28.
Calacta, K*A TO'. The Fair
Shore, was a territory on the
coast of Sicily ; in that part of
the island which looks towards
Tyrrhenia. There is in this place
a town of the same name,
situate W of the mouth of a
river now called Furiano. vi.
22.
Calami. A place, of which little
is known, in the island of
Samos. According to Hero-
dotus it was not far from the
temple of Juno, and must have
been W by S of the town of
Samos. From the name we
may be led to suspect it was
some marsh or bog ; and Athe-
naeus mentions such a place in
Saraos, where the harlots, who
followed Pericles to the siege
of Samos, erected a temple to
Venus ix. 96.
Calatiae. A people of India
subject to Darius. They in-
habited the part E or N of
India ; the S of India was never
subjected to that prince. Their
site is unknown, iii. 38, 97.
Callatebus. A town of Lydia.
situate on the frontiers of
Phrygia and Lydia ; on the
road from Cydrara to Saidis;
beyond the Maeander in respect
to those going from Cydrara to
Sardis. vii. 31.
Callipidse. They are Greco-
Scythians; the first people
met with after the town of the
Borysthenitge. iv. 17.
Callipolis. A town of Sicily, be-
tween mount /Etna and Naxos,
but nearer to mount ./Etna. It
was founded by the Naxians.
Its inhabitants were called
Callipolitani. vii. 154. m. n.
Gallipoli.
Callista. See Thera.
Calydna. An island near Nisy-
ros and Cos, according to
Homer, II. ii. 677. W of the
island of Rhodes; about S of
Cnidus, about E by S of the
island of Cos and that of
Nisyrus. Calydna belonged to
Artemisia, queen of Halicar-
nassus.
Calyndus, or Calynda. A sea
town of Asia Minor ; on the con-
fines of Lycia and Caria. viii. 87.
Camarina. A city in the S of
Sicily, situate between the
mouths of two rivers; oae on
the W once called Hipparis,
but now called Camarana ; the
other E formerly called Oanus,
now Frascolani. W of Cama-
rina was a marsh of the same
name, crossed by the little river
Hipparis ; this marsh served as
a defence to Camarina from the
attacks of Syracuse ; the in-
Carcinitis. GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
383
habitants wishing to make their
country more healthy drained
the marsh, and in consequence
fell a prey to the Syracusans ;
in draining the marsh they
slighted the oracle, which when
consulted by them answered,
" Stir not the Camarine marsh."
On the site of Camarina stands
a guard station, called Torre di
Camarana.
Camicus. A town of Sicily, in
the country now called the
valley of Mazara ; upon a moun-
tain on the right bank of the
river Camicus, now called
Fiume delle Canne. Minos,
eleventh king of Crete, was
stifled at Camicus in a bath ;
the town was inhabited by
Agrigentines in the time of
Herodotus, vii. 169, 170.
Camirus. A town in the island
of Rhodes ; situate about the
middle of the W part. Its
inhabitants were transferred to
Rhodes. See lalyssus.
Campsa. A town of Crossea,
on the Thermaean gulf, between
Gigonus and Smila.
Canastrseum promontorium. The
loftiest part of Pallena, and
that which shoots farthest into
the sea, at the entrance of the
Toronaean gulf. It belonged
to Paraxia, that is to say, that
country of Macedonia, near to
and E of the river Axius. TO. n.
Several, Paillouri, Canouistro,
Cannistro, Mperlici, pronounced
Berlici.
Canse. Mbuntain situate near
the Caicus, towards the sea,
with a little town called
Cana, situate, according to
Strabo, opposite the S point of
Lesbos, with a little stream
which Pliny calls Canaius
amnis. It appears that Hero-
dotus places it N or NW of the
Caicus. vii. 42.
Canobus. A town of Egypt,
situate W of and near to the
Canopic or Canobic mark ; one
hundred and twenty stades from
Alexandria, according to Strabo.
Aboukir stands on its site.
Caphareum promontorium. A
celebrated promontory of the
island of Euboea, on the SE
coast opposite the island of
Andros. This cape was danger-
ous by its shoals; the Greeks
on their return from Troy were
shipwrecked there, and lost a
good number of ships, Ovid,
Metamorph. xiv. 480. Between
this promontory and that of
Geraestus the coast formed a
bend, stuck full of rocks rising
near the surface ; these were
the Coela, or Cavities of Euboea.
These Ccela are called in the