des, but it took afterwards that
of Berenice, on account of Be-
renice, Ptolemy's wife. It Avas
three hundred and seventy-five
R. miles from Leptis Magna,
forty-three from Tauchira. m. n.
Bernic. " The gardens or or-
" chards of the Hesperides, and
" the history belonging to them,
" are too well known to be
" repeated here. It is however
" satisfactory to know, that the
" ancients fixed on a spot that
" was appropriate, since there
"is at present a wood there,
" according to the testimony of
" Edrisi ; and it being near the
" sea on the one hand, and on
" the edge of the desert of
" Barca on the other, a wood
" would hardly have been ex-
" pected in that situation."
Rennell, p. 611.

Euphrates. A deep and rapid
river. It rises in Armenia, and
flows in Syria and the neigh-
bouring countries ; it then flows
towards Babylonia, divides Ba-
bylon, and appears to fall in the
Persic gulf, but before it reaches
the sea is exhausted by the cuts
made to water the fields. Its
waters, proceeding from melted
snows, swell towards midsum-
mer. Boats such as Herodotus
describes, i. 94, are still used
on the lower part of the river ;
they are called Kufahs. See
Rennell, p. 265.

Europa. Its limits E and N were
utterly unknown in Herodotus's
time. iv. 42.

Euripus. An arm of the sea, or
strait, which separates Eubcea
from Bosotia. It is subject to



Garamantes. GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX.



401)



an extraordinary ebb and flow ;
regular during eighteen or nine-
teen days of every month, and
irregular the rest.

Europus. There were several
towns of this name. That to
which Mys, the deputy of Mar-
donius, belonged, (viii. 133.) was
inCaria; SWofPedasus; NE
of Labranda. It is probably the
same town as other authors call
Euromos.

Exampaeus. A small canton of
Scythia; between the Alazones
and the Scythians Cultivators ;
four journeys from the sea. He-
rodotus had been at this place.
iv. 52, 81.

Exampaeus. A small stream
coming from the quarter just
mentioned ; it falls into the Hy-
panis, four journeys from the sea,
and communicates its bitter
taste to the waters.



F.

Fons Solis. In the country of
the Ammonians. iv. 181.



G.

Gades, vet, r?g. An island and
town so called by the Phoeni-
cians and Carthaginians, from
a Punic word signifying a hedge
or fence. It was situate beyond
the pillars of Hercules, a little S
of the mouths of the Baetis (Gua-
dalquiver), towards a strait to
which it gives the name Fretum
Gaditanum, (called by us the
strait of Gibraltar, from the
Arabic Gibl Tarec,) twenty-five-
thousand paces from the entrance
to that frith, at the head of
Baetica. It is about seven hun-

VOL. II.



dred feet from the main land;
on the side which looks towards
Spain: at about one hundred
paces distant was another
island, called Erythea, (supposed
by some to have been swallowed
up in the sea, by others to be
Ila de Leon.) The ancients
knew of two islands in this
place ; perhaps they gave them
both the same name, and that
may be the reason of their ap-
pellation being plural in Greek.
The larger of the two is now
called Cadiz, iv. 8.

Gaeson. A river near Mycale;
it fell into a pool called Gaesonis,
and thence into the sea. It was
not far from Miletus, and flowed
between that town and Priene.
ix. 96.

Gallaica. See Briantica.

Galepsus. A town of Sithonia,
on the Toronsean gulf, between
Sermyla N, and Torone SE.
vii. 122.

Gandarii. Major Rennell places
them in Margiana ; Larcher E
of Bactriana on both sides of
the Indus. It is incompetent to
the limits of this Index to probe
the question.

Garamantes. They inhabit above
the Psylli and Nasamones; S
of those two people, and opposite
the Great Syrtio or gulf of Sidra.
They have for neighbours the
Macae. These are W, and in-
habit along the Mediterranean
sea. The E extremity of the
country of the Garamantes is
ten journeys from the W ex-
tremity of the territory of Au-
gila; on the NW they are not far
from the Lotophagi. But as from
the country of the Lotophagi
it is thirty journeys to that
where the kine are found which
graze backwards, which belongs
3 G



GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX. Gephyrati.



to the Garamantes, their terri-
tory must have extended pro-
digiously SW and E. A part
of this people was nomad or
rather vagrant ; those nomads,
like the bedouins of the present
day, made incursions to the
country of the Lotophagi, al-
though those latter were thirty
journeys from that portion of the
Garamantes who, occupying
an excellent land, did not lead
a tramping life. There were im-
mense deserts between them,
which the nomad Garamantes
crossed with rapidity.

The stationary Garamantes
derived their name from Ga-
rama, their capital city, and
communicated it to the rest of
the nation. Abtilfeda, quoted
by Rennell, 616, 617, says that
it is E of Gadamis, which is the
Cedamus of Pliny, and an island
or rather Oasis in the great de-
sert of Sahara, well watered,
abounding in palm trees, and
containing several towns. There
are still seen in that country the
ruins of Garama or Gherma,
which was then its capital, as
well as those of Zawila S of the
desert of Sort, which was the
capital in the time of Abulfeda.
Mourzouk is now the chief
place ; it lies S of the desert of
Soudah and W of Garama.
The present name of this coun-
try is Fezzan. If Garama had
been where Ptolemy and D'An-
ville place it, there would have
been between that country and
the ocean, the kingdoms of Tom-
buctoo, Agades, Kashna or Kas-
sar. But it is impossible to
be mistaken; for in that part
of Africa, it is the only extensive
fertile tract that contains any
number of cities or towns.



The Garamantes who in-
habited this Oasis led a sta-
tionary and peaceable life ;
amid the deserts, and far from
all society : having nothing to
fear from the rest of men, it is
not surprising that they should
not have known the use of arms,
iv. 174, 175. This was not the
case with the other Garamantes ;
the vagrant mode of life of these
latter inclined them to pillage,
and one need not be surprised
to see them at war with the
Ethiopian Troglodytes, as we
see, iv. 183. These Troglodytes
inhabited the shores of the
ocean, Strab. xvii, nine or ten
days from the pacific Gara-
mantes : the desert of Sahara
covers that space.

Gargaphia. The name of a
valley in Boeotia, in the territory
of Plataea, W of Hysise, E of
Leuctra; where Actaeon was
devoured by his dogs. It is also
the name of a fountain which
watered the valley, ix. 25, 48.

Gel a. A S town of Sicily, on
the W bank of the river Gelas ;
not far from its mouth, E of
Phintias, and S of Enna. The
river Gelas is now called
Fiume di Terra, from a small
town called Terra nuova, near
the place where stood Gela.
vi. 23. vii. 153, 156.

Geloni. They are originally
Greeks established in the coun-
try of the Budini, N of the Sau-
romatse, E of the Melanchlaeni.
iv. 108, 109.

Gelonus. A town in the country
of the Budini, belonging to the
Geloni. iv. 108.

Gephyraei. They were probably
originally from Gephyra, a
town twenty-two R. miles
from Antiochia. They passed



Gindanes. GEOGRAPHICAL 1N 7 DX.



411



with Cadmus into Bceotia,
where they occupied the terri-
tory of Tanagra; but having
been driven out by the Boeotians,
they took refuge in Attica, and
were incorporated with the
Athenians, v. 57, 62.

Geraastus. A town and port of
the island of Euboea on the
SW coast, about fifteen R.
miles from Carystus. m. n.
Geresto. Between this town
and cape Caphareum were the
Cavities of Euboea 3 . ix. 104.

Gergithse. They inhabited a
town of the Troad, E of
Rhcetium, Ophrynium,and Dar-
danus ; near the place where
Ilium or Troy formerly stood,
near mount Ida.

Germanii. A tribe of cultivators
of Persia, they are called
Carmanii by other, authors.
Carmania was E of Persia
proper, W of Gedrosia, N of the
Erythreansea,SofParthia; itsN
extremity touching Parthia was
desert and uncultivated, i. 125.

Gerrhi. They occupied a tract
in Scythia; fourteen journeys
from the Euxine sea. In this
quarter were the tombs of the
Scythian kings ; and here the
Borysthenes begins to be navi-
gable. It was E of the Neuri,
NE of the Scythian labourers.

Probably the palatinate of Kiow.
iv. 71.

Gerrhus. The seventh river
after the Ister. It flows be-
tween the country of the Scy-
thian nomads and that of the
Royal Scythians, and then falls

into the Hypacyris. It takes



its name from a place called
Gerrhus, whichitpasses through.
It appears from what Herodotus
says that it is a branch of the
Borysthenes. iv. 56, 19, 20.
Getae. A people of Thrace, on
this side the Ister. They had
the Ister N ; mount Htemus
S ; the Crobyzi Thracians W ;
and the Euxine sea E. They
comprised Bulgaria, and per-
haps a small part of Servia.
Their bounds were much ex-
tended subsequently to Hero-
dotus.

Gigonus. A town of Crusaea,
a small country in Thrace, on
the Thermaean gulf, immedi-
ately after Campsa ; between
that town and Lisae. vii. 122.
Giligammae. A people of Libya.
They had on the E the Adyrma-
chidae, and Catabathmus Mag-
nus, now Akabet-Asselom; on
the W Cyrenaica and the
Asbystae. Aziris, where the
Theraeans first established them-
selves, had belonged to them ;
they regained possession of it
when they had presented them
with the bait of a rich country.
Cyrenaica was also probably of
their dependency, and they then
extended as far as the island
of Aphrodisias. Herodotus no
doubt meant their ancient
limits, when he says they oc-
cupied the country W to that
island. Larcher. Rennell is
of opinion that the Historian
has committed a mistake in
stretching them so far W.
Gindanes. A people of^ Libya,
near the Macae E. They are



a The Cavities of Euboea in most of the maps are placed on the coast of Euboea,
opposite to Bceotia, because Strabo says, that the name of KX. was

JSh& Atoft* ~> .ft e> rv* * B " 1 U S T S f^ The'Som
a part of the Euboean shore should be denned by such references,
of Strabo has ri ^r^'K^^t. Falconer, however conjectures XX;^ n
stead of Afafio;. See the Oxford edition of Strabo, p. t>48.



412



GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX. Gyzanten.



S of the Lotophagi, who dwell
along the shore. They are
mentioned only by Herodotus.

Glisas. A town of Boeotia, near
the W bank of the Thermodon ;
between the towns of Hyria
and Thebes ; E of the latter ; S
and at the foot of mount Hypa-
tus ; on the top of which there
was a temple and statue of
Jupiter Hypatus, i. e. Supremus.

Gonnus. A town of Thessaly,
in the E part of Perrhaebia ;
near the Peneus N ; towards
the quarter where Olympus and
Ossa, approaching each other,
leave to the Peneus only the
narrow gorge of Tempe, to flow
down to the sea : it is near to
and E of the place where the
Titaresius discharges itself into
the Peneus, due N of the N
extremity of lake Brebseis, at
the entrance of the delicious
vale of Tempe, E of Larissa,
twenty R. miles distant, and at
the entrance of the wood called
Tempe.

Gratiarum collis. The hill of
the Graces. It is in Libya,
two hundred stades from the
sea; and appears to belong to
the Macae. It is covered with
a thick forest ; and the Cinyps
has there its source.

Graecia. The S part of Europe,
SE of Italy; W of Asia.
Authors more frequently call it
Hellas, 'EAA*V This latter
name, which succeeded the
former, came from Hellen the
son of Deucalion and Pyrrha.
He reigned in Thessaly, which
was likewise called Haemonia,
and is called by Homer Argos
Pelasgicum. He there built a
town which was named Hellas,
and communicated its name to
all the country of his dominion,
and to all his subjects. This,



says Solinus, was the true
Hellas; in the sequel the same
name extended to the Pelopon-
nesus, and all the country
stretching from the isthmus of
Corinth to the N, E, and W.
Greece comprised inTerraFirma,
first Peloponnesus, second At-
tica, third Boeotia : these three
parts constituted Greece proper,
whose inhabitants were called
Greeks, Dorians, Achaeans,
Argians, Danaans, Hellens,
Athenians, Boeotians ; fourth
Epirus, fifth Thessaly. Greece
likewise comprised a vast number
of islands.

Grynea. Or Grynium, a small
town of jEolis in Asia Minor ;
forty stades N of Myrina; S
of the Caicus, on the same
gulf where Myrina was, that
is, the gulf of Cyma.

Gygaea palus. It was situate
between the Hyllus and the
Hermus ; near the tomb of
Alyattes, about forty stades
distant ; E by N from Sardis ;
not far from the Caystms ;
near mount Tmolus and the
Cilbian mountains, where was
the spring of the Caystrus. It
is said to have been excavated
to receive the superfluous waters
of the neighbouring rivers in
case of an inundation. It was
afterwards called Coloe.

Gyndes. A river of upper Asia,
its head is in the Matianian
mountains; it takes a S direc-
tion, crosses the country of the
Darnaei, and falls into the
Tigris, m. n. Rennell supposes
Herodotus to have confounded
under this name the Mendeli
and Diala.

Gyzantes. A people of Libya,
near to the Zaueces on the N.
According to Herodotus they
were not far from Carthage,



Hebrus.



GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX.



41:}



and on the S and W of the
Bagradas.



H.

Haemus. A mountain : it begins
nearly as far W as mount
Rhodope, and runs along the
whole N of Thrace to the
Euxine sea. m. n. Greek Hae-
moni, Turk Balcan, Italian
Catena del Monte.

Haliacmon. A river of Mace-
donia ; it falls, according to
Herodotus, in the Lydias; ac-
cording to Ptolemy and the
abridger of Strabo, its mouth
was in the Thermsean gulf.
Larcher supposes that the text
(vii. 127.) has been defaced, and
proposes to read 'A<rTg<*<oS : his
arguments are very ingenious in
support of the conjecture, and
deserve to be read.

Halicarnassus. A town of Caria;
situate at the entrance of the
Ceramic gulf; N of the
isthmus of the peninsula of
Cnidia ; and S of Myndus. It
had a port, was excellently for-
tified, and very rich. m. n.
Mpodroum, pronounced Bo-
droom. This town was the
capital of Caria, and the usual
residence of the kings of Caria ;
it was originally one of the six
towns of the Hexapolis of the
Dorians, but was excluded from
the association. At the time of
the Persian expedition against
Greece, it was inclosed in very
narrow limits: Artemisia's states
consisted only of Halicarnassus,
the islands of Cos, Nisyros, and
Calydna ; and Halicarnassus
was far from having reached the
high point of grandeur and mag-
nificence to which the kings of



Caria afterwards raised it. The
country of two celebrated histo-
rians, Herodotus and Dionysius.
Halys. There were two branches
of this river, or rather they
were two very different rivers
falling the one into the other.

1 . Halys. It rose, according to
Strabo, in Great Cappadocia,
near the Pontica, and just by
the Cambysenus; flowed W,
watered the town of Sebasta ;
crossed to the W Sargarausena,
Cammanena, and fell into the
other Halys between Andrapa
and Parnasus.

2. Halys. It rose in mount Tau-
rus, flowed from S to N, bending
now and then to the W. It cross-
ed a small part of Cilicia, Cap-
padocia, and Galatia. It watered
Archelais, Colonia, Garsaura,
Rosologiacum,Eccobriga, passed
at a little distance from Tavium
and Pimolis, and from thence
descended to the Euxine sea,
pretty near Naustathmus. This
river was called Halys, from
asAj AJ, because it is a sort of
bitter saltness, passing through
countries abounding in fossil
salt. m. n. with the Turks Kizil
Hirmak. This river cuts from
S to N the immense peninsula
which separates the Euxine sea
from the Mediterranean. Its
course is traced with admirable
accuracy in D'Anville's map of
Asia Minor.

Hebrus. A large river of Thrace ;
it rises in the country of the
Odrysse, at mount Scomius.
From thence it flows E by S,
making many windings; it then
bends S by W, and winding
still more, falls into the gulf
Melas, between Sala W and
JEnos E, by two mouths N of
the island of Samothrace. The



414



GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX. Hdkspontii



Hebrus produces a plant like
marjoram, the tops of which
the Thracians smoked after
their meals, m. n. Mariza.

Hecatonnesi. A collection of
small islands situate S of the
Atramyttenian gulf; between
the island of Lesbos W, and the
quarter of Mysia called Atar-
neus. m. n. Moschonnesia, i. e.
islands of calves, Moo-%omtnx.

Helbo, or Elbo. An island ten
stades in circumference. It ap-
pears certain that it was in
lower Egypt, and in the Elear-
chia.

Helice. A town of Achaia in
Peloponnesus ; NW of Bura,
E of JEgium, W of jEgae, at a
very small distance from the
shore of the Corinthian gulf.
Helice and Bura had in the
time of Pliny been swallowed
up in the Corinthian gulf.

Si quaeras Helicen et Burin, Achai-

das urbes ;
Invenias sub aquis.

Metam. xv. 293.

Heliopolis. There were two
cities in Egypt of this name,
one out of the Delta pretty
near to Babylon (of Egypt), the
other in the Delta. 1, Not
mentioned by Herodotus, was
in that part of Egypt, lying on
the left hand as you ascend the
Pelusiac canal, m. n. Ainschams,
fountain of the sun. 2, Men-
tioned by the Historian, was in
the Delta, between the Seben-
nytic canal and the Canopic,
pretty near the point of the
Delta.

Helisyci. A nation of Ligyans.vii.
165. See Ligyes.

Hellae sepulcrum. Was in the
Thracian Chersonesus, on the
border of the Hellespont, NE
of Cardia, S of Pactya, for near



that town Hella died ; she was
the daughter of Athamas king
of Thebes, and wishing to
escape from the ambush of her
step-mother, fled accompanied
by Phrixus her brother, with
the intention of proceeding to
Colchis. She fell into the sea
which took from her the name
of Hellespont, and there was
drowned. Phrixus buried his
sister on the coast, vii. 58.
Hellespont. A strait- communi-
cating from the J^gaean (Archi-
pelago) to the Propontis (sea of
Marmora). It is from ten to
twelve leagues long. m. n. Dar-
danelles. The breadth of this
strait is a point much disputed ;
the jealousy of the ignorant
Turks precluding travellers from
any possibility of taking correct
measures : in its narrowest part
I do not think it much more than
half a mile over, it certainly is
not near a mile across : whether
the bridge of boats was placed
on this narrow part, or higher
up where the strait widens
immensely, is another question.
The name of Hellespont was
given not only to this strait,
but likewise to its shore right
and left, both in Asia and
Europe. The same name was
likewise applied to part of the
coasts of Propontis, even as far
as Byzantium and Chalcedon.
Hellespontii. This name was
given to the inhabitants of the
coasts of the Hellespont, both in
Asia and Europe. The same
name was likewise given to
those who inhabited part of the
coast of the Propontis, as far
even as Byzantium in Europe
and Chalcedon in Asia. The
Asiatic Hellespontines furnished
one hundred sail to Xerxes, ex-



Hyampem. GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX.



415



cepting the inhabitants of Aby-
dos, who were to guard the
bridges, vii. 95. They formed
one and the same Satrapy with
the Phrygians, Asiatic Thra-
cians or Bithynians, the Paph-
lagonians, the Mariandynians,
the Leuco Syrians or Cappado-
cians. iii. 90.

Hellopia. Hellops or Ellops, the
son of Ion, had founded a city
or hamlet, which gave the name
of Hellopia or Ellopia, to a dis-
tinct portion of Eubcea, and even
to the whole island according to
Strabo. The town or hamlet
of Ellopia was in the territory
of Histiaeotis, in the island of
Euboea, near mount Telethrium,
N of the river Callas, E of
Histiaea, towards the coasts of
the most N part of Eubosa.
There were some warm springs
in the neighbourhood which
were called the Ellopian waters.
viii. 23.

Helos. A town of Laconia; at
a small distance from the La-
conic gulf; eighty stacles E of
Trinasus, NE of Asine, W, of
Acria. The inhabitants of this
town were called Helots, Eleans,
Eleotae. See Helots.

Helots. Inhabitants of Helos in
Laconia. Refusing to pay the
tribute imposed by Agis, their
town was besieged, stormed, and
the inhabitants reduced to the
hardest slavery. Some time
after the Lacedaemonians de-
stroyed Messena, and made
slaves of the Messenians. Both
were known only by the name
of Helots; in a word all the
slaves of the Lacedaemonians,
whatever was their origin, had
that name.

Himera. A town of Sicily, on
the N coast of the island, W of



the mouth of the river Himera,
which falls into the Tyrrhenian
sea. There are warm springs
in its vicinity ; hence the m. n.
Termini.

Hippolai prom. The name given
to the tongue of land between
the Borysthenes and Hypanis.
iv. 53.

Histiaeotis. 1. A country of
Thessaly ; anciently very ex-
tensive ; it then comprised not
only Gomphi and all the country
near mount Pindus, as after-
wards, but likewise all the
lands at the foot of Olympus
and Ossa. Consequently Per-
rhaebia was then a part of His-
tiaeotis. The Perrhaebi having
taken possession of part of this
country, it was confined to
narrower bounds. It then com-
prised the W part of Thessaly,
towards the upper part of the
Peneus, on both sides of that
stream, between the Pindus and
Upper Macedonia. 2. A small
country of the island of Euboea,
of which Histiaea was the ca-
pital ; it extended as far as
Artemisium, towards promon-
tory Cenaeum, and at a short
distance from the pass of
Thermopylae, viii. 23, 24.

Histiasa. A town of the island
of Euboea, capital of Histiaeotis,
towards promontory Cenaeum,
near the river Callas, at the
foot of mount Telethrium. Its
ancient name was Titania,
which it changed for Histiaea,
from Histiaea the daughter of
Hyrieus ; afterwards it took that
of Oreura. m. n. Orio.

Hyampeus. One of the tops of
Parnassus, E of Delphi. The
Delphians were in the prac-
tice of dashing their crimi-
nals headlong from the top of



416



GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX.



typacyns.



this rock. But having unjustly
put ^Esop to death, it no longer
served for that purpose, and that
called Nauplia was used. viii. 39.
Hyampolis. A town of Phocis,
E of Abse and Elatea; in the
defile by which one passed out
of Thessaly and Epicnemidian
Locris into Phocis. viii. 28.
Hybla. There were three towns
of this name in Sicily; the
Great, the Middle, and the
Least. Great Hybla was near
to and S of mount /Etna ;
W and in the neighbourhood of
Catana, NE of Murgentium,
inland. Middle Hybla, called
likewise Heraea, was in the S
part of Sicily, inland on the
road from Agrigentum to Syra-
cuse, E of Gela, and W of Acra.
The lesser Hybla was a sea
town on the E coast ; a little
distance N of Syracuse. It is
likewise called Gaeleotis, and
more frequently Megara. Its
ruins are between two rivulets,
the Alabus (m. n. Cataro) S
and trie Fiume San Cosmano.
It appears that Hippocrates
met with his death before the
second of these towns, vii. 155.
Hydrea. A small island of
Argolis, E of Hermione ; de-
pendent on the Hermionians;
in the vicinity of the islands
Tricrana. Aristera, and Tipa-
renus. It has given its ancient
name to Aristera, which is much
celebrated among modern tra-
vellers, as a place inhabited
solely by Greeks, and a great
place of traffic; it was here
that the Greek revolution was
lately concocted.
Hyela. A town of (Enotria or
Lucania, built by the Phocaeans.
It was E of promontory Posi-
dium ; SW of promontory Pali-



nurius. m. n. Castel a mare
della Brucca. i. 167.
Hygennenses. A people only
known from one passage of
Herodotus ; the reading is sup-
posed to be corrupt. Valckenaer
reads Lasonians, Wesseling
Obigenes.

Hylaea. A peninsula of Scythia,
E by S of the Borysthenes,
near the Race of Achilles ;
NW of Tauris ; S of the Scy-
thians Cultivators ; W of the
Hypacyris, which skirts it on the
E. m. n. Jamboylouk, inhabited
by Nogais Tartars.
Hyllus. A river which rises on
the W frontier of Phrygia
Epictetus, flows to the W, and
falls into the Hermus near
Magnesia Sipyli.
Hymettus. A mountain situate
E by S of Athens, and the
Ilissus, towards the coasts of
the Saronic gulf. It is no more
than three miles from Athens,
and is about twenty miles in
circuit. It is celebrated for its
honey ; in modern times the
monasteries about this mountain
were held to supply the Great
Turks' harem with honey ; the
religious houses are however
now destroyed, and the sweet
tribute is transferred to that of
Mendeli (on Pentelicus). Hy-
mettus contained some quarries
of fine marble on the side to-
wards Athens.

Hypacyris. A river of Scythia.