practitioner less to ofTer his patients but .Minneaixdis from Machias, .Maine, where

people generally were not yet trained to the he had been in practice for several years,

habit of dental considtatii m and treatment, at the same time attending dental lectures

many onlv visiting a dentist when e.xtrae- at Harvard L'niversity from which he re-

tion was necessary. Fifty \ears have ceived his degree in 1871. He entered ac-

brought great changes both in the ])rogress tively into the professional life of the city

of the profession and the attitude of the and has been a working member of the city

public. In the great evolution which has and state organizations of the profession

taken ])Iace the members of the profession and was for years one of the facultv of the

in Minneajxilis have taken a prominent. dental department of the Minnesota Hospi-

useful and practical jiart. tal C ollege and the College of Dentistry of

Among the earlier dentists of prominence the University of Minnesota. Like Dr.

in the citv was Dr. Mark D. Stoneman who I'.ailey, Dr. ^^"m. A, Spaulding, who came

came here in 1863 and for over twenty years to Minneapolis in 1873, took a most active

was a leader in the profession. He was a jiart in the work of organization and educa-

native of \'irginia, a practicing physician tion which made for the ad\Mncement of

for twenty years, and commenced the study the profession. Also like Dr. Bailey he was

of dentistry in 1858. During the early part a native of Maine. He had studied at the

of the war he was a surgeon in the army. Ohio College (if Dental Surgery where he

About the same time that Dr. Stoneman had graduated with honor receiving the

connnenced practice I >r. Kirby Spencer degree of Doctor of Hernial Surgery. Ide

opened an office on Bridge Square. He is was made a member of the faculty of the

best remembered by his bequest to the dental department of the Minnesota College



214 A HALF CENTURY OF MINNEAPOLIS

Hospital in 1884 and became dean in 1886. scntial forces that have been important fac-

i)r. Spaiildin^ left Minneapolis some years tnrs in the advancement of the profession

asajo and is nnw li\inc; in I lainhnr.i;', (icr- here, are the Minneapolis Dental Society,

many. Minnesota State Dental Association, and

Dr. M. M. I'Visseile, who came to Mimic- the College of Dentistry of the Unisersity

apolis in 1880, was the first Icctnrer cm nf the state of Minnesota. These, with the

medical and surgical ilentistrv in the Col- ci uiservative, stringent laws that forbid the

lege Hospital and in 1882 was authorized practice i)f dentistry bv an\- person not

to cjrganize the dental department, taking autlvirized by the State I'luard nf l^xaminers

his place at the head of the facult\'. lie — the board consisting of nuinbers of the

was a fre(pient contributor to medical and profession a])pointed by the governor of

dental literature. He retired in i88y and state — effectually ])rotects the community

for some vears before his death he lived at from irregidar and incompetent ])ractition-

his country home at Lake Minnetonka. Dr. crs."

Hugh .\l. Kcid arrived in the cit\- in 1880 The Minneajxilis Dental Society was or-

resigning a chair in the ( )liio College of ganized in 1882 with Dr. 11. M. f\eid, pres-

Dental Surgery in conmience active prac- ident. Dr. A. T. Smith, vice ])resident, and

tice here. He was the first president of the Dr. J. H. Martindale, secretary. It was

Minneajjolis Dental Society. Dr. Francis largely thr(.)Ugh the inHuence of this society

II. llrimmer settled in .Minneapolis about that the state laws regulating the practice

the same time. He graduated from the of dentistry and proxiding for examination

Philadelphia Dental College and was made by tlie state board of examiners, were adopt-

a member (jf the first faculty of the dental ed. The socict_\' also took a prominent part

department of the College Hospital. in reorganizing the Minnesota State Dental

Dr. E. H. Angle who commenced practice .Association, which was accomplished on

h.ere in 1884 was a ])rominent member of Janu:irv 16, 1884, at a meeting at the Xicol-

the profession, one of the faculty of the col- let House in Minneapolis. Dr. II. -M . Reid

lege, a careful student and a contributor to of .Minneapolis was elected ]iresident ; Dr.

the dental publications. He is now ])rac- 1,. W. Lyon. \ ice president; Dr. Iritten-

ticing in St. Louis. Dr. J. H. Martindale. don, secretar)- ; Dr. T. I'". Weeks, corres-

now of Los .\ngeles, was also a ]irominent ];onding secretary, and I )r. .'s. I). Llements,

participant in the development of dental af- treasurer. The organization at once be-

fairs in .Minnea])olis during the early eight- came induential in the ))rofessional afifairs

ies, serving as one of the college faculty. of the state and has rem lined a most efti-

as a member of the state board of exam- cient body.

iners and as president of the .Minnea])olis The College of Dentistry of the Cniver-

Dental Society. sity of Minnesota grew out of the api)oint-

These were some of the men who took ment in 1881 of Dr. ITis-^elle as lecturer
part in the affairs of the profession <Iuring on Medical and .Suii.;ical dentistry in the
the formatixe davs. During the Later sev Minnesota College Hospital. During tin'
enties and the tdghties the arrivals in the next year l>r. I'risselle organized a regular
city were too mnnerous for detailed men- dent.'il department, .\mong the members
tion. M.'inv men of large natural ability of the faculty were: M. M. Frisselle, M. D.,
and splendid pre])aratioii for their ]irofes- I). I) ."s.. Professor of Medical .ind Surgical
sional duties have come to the city and the |)»nlistr\ and Therajieutics ; W . ]■' . (lid-
ranks of the profession are now filled with dings, 1). D. .'-^., Professor of ( )perati\e Den-
as strong and |)rogressi\i' a ,L;rou|) of nien as tistry : W. .\. .Spaulding, 1 >. I). .^., Profes-
can he f<iund in an\' cit\' of the country. sor of .Mechanical Dentislr\ ; J. A. Parker,

The members of the |)rofessiiui in th' I). P. S.. .and I )r. L. D. Leonard, demon-
city early took measures looking to tiie strators of ()perati\e Dentistry; F. H.
maintenance of a high professional standarfl. IVimmer, I). I). S.. and (". E. Cleveland,
Dr. I'risselle in writing of the earlier eti- D. 1). .S., demonstrators of .Mechanical Den-
deavors of the profession savs: "The es- tistry.



DENTISTRY



215



The dental department moved to the col-
lege building at Sixth street and Ninth
avenue south in 1885 and was reorganized
along with the medical department and in
i88g was absorbed into the University of
Minnesota, becoming a college of that
institution. Since its association with the
university tlie dental college has grown in
facilities and student body until it is one
of the prominent schools of the profession
oi the country. It is a member of the Na-
tional Association of Dental Faculties and
its diplomas are recognized by the dental
examining boards of every state. Dr. Al-
fred Owre is dean and many of the leading
dentists of the citv are on the facultv.



BAILEY. Charles Monroe, for more than
thirty years a practicing dentist in Minneapolis,
was born in Portland. Maine, December 6, 1843.
From an early age he made his own way in life.
When only thirteen he entered the law office of
Deblois & Jackson at Portland, and for the next
si.x years was variously employed, having no
definite profession in view. At nineteen,
through the influence of his brother, he entered
the office of Dr. James E. Grant, of Calais,
Maine, where lie commenced tlic study of den-
tistry. After five years he commenced practice
at Machias, Maine, and during the four succeed-
ing years combined study and practice, attend-
ing lectures at the dental department of Har-
vard University, graduating in 1871 with the de-
gree of D. M. D. In 1874 Dr. Bailey came to
Minneapolis, where he has since been in contin-
uous practice. Soon after his arrival here. Dr.
Bailey began active participation in the affairs
of the profession, taking special interest in all
movements looking to the raising of profes-
sional standards. He was one of the first mem-
bers of the Minneapolis Dental Society and was
twice its president; an active member of the
Minnesota Dental Association, and has fre-
quently represented the state in national so-
cieties of the dental profession. In 1886 he was
elected to the chair of Dental Materia Medica
and Therapeutics in the dental department ci
the Minnesota Hospital College, occupying the
chair until the College was merged in the Uni-
versity of Minnesota, when he was appointed to
the chair of Prosthetic Dentistry and later added
the duties of the chair of Orthodontia. For
two years. Dr. Bailey was secretary of the Col-
lege and the office of dean being then vacant,
was acting dean during this period and carried
the larger part of the responsibility of the de-
partment. Dr. Bailey was married in 1876 to
Miss Laura Longfellow of Mathias, Maine, who
died within two years, leaving one son, Campbell
L. Bailey, at Northome, Minn.



COBB, Frederick Emory, was born Decem-
ber 18, 1867, at Chicago, Illinois. He was the
son of Cyrus Bradley Cobb, a dealer in lum-
ber and real estate, and Ella Jane Morrison.
He attended the grammer and high schools in
Chicago and the Shattuck School at Faribault,
Minnesota, graduating with the class of '86. He
graduated from the college of dentistry of the
University of Minnesota in 1895. Dr. Cobb is
a republican. He is the secretary of the Minne-
sota State Dental Association. National Dental
Association, a meinber of the Theta Delta Chi
Fraternity and Delta Sigma Delta Fraternity, and
a Scottish Rite Mason. His church affiliations
are with the Episcopalian denomination. His mar-
riage with Jessie Helen Sharpnack took place
April 30. 1892. Their daughter, Lois Steele was
born March 10, igoo.

COX, Norman Jeffrey, was born November
30, 1873, at Centerville, Wisconsin, son of Charles
and .-Xnne Cox. His father was a Methodist min-
ister of English descent. The son, after receiv-
ing his earlier educational training at the grade
and high schools, took the scientific course in
the class of i8g8 and afterward graduated from
the college of dental surgery at the University of
Minnesota. He has since been in dental practice
in Minneapolis, also filling the position of in-
:tructor in dentistry, in the dental department of
the state university. Dr. Cox is a member of the
Minnesota State Dental Association; and of the
Twin City Dental Club. Dr. Cox was married on
June 20, 1905. to Miss Stella E. Lynch.

KREMER, Frederick B., was born at Middle-
burgh, Snyder county, Pennsylvania, on June 22,
1861, the son of Frederick E. and Elinira G. Kre-
mer. His father was a farmer. In 1872 the family
moved to Lena, Illinois, where Dr. Krcmcr com-
pleted his public school education and had his
first business experience with a jeweler of that
town. Subsequently a few years were spent in
clerking but having determined to become a den-
tist he went to Waterloo, Iowa, where he com-
menced the study of dentistry in the office of Dr.
H. D. Spaulding. For a time he practiced at Cale-
donia, Minnesota, then completed his studies at
the University of Iowa, from which he graduated
in 1890. In 1892 he came to Minneapolis and com-
menced practice at the same time taking the po-
sition in the college of dentistry in the university
of Minnesota, of demonstrator under Dr. Charles
M. Bailey. .\fter five years he succeeded Dr.
Bailey in the chair of prosthetic dentistry, but
after one year resigned to devote himself exclu-
sively to his private practice. He was for some
years lecturer on oral pathology and therapeutics
at the medical department of Haniline university
and for one year was lecturer on the same subject
in the College of Homeopathy in the medical de-
partment of the university. He has for some
time been on the staff of Asbury hospital as con-
sulting dentist. Dr. Kremer's practice has been
general although for a number of years he has



216



A HALF CENTURY OF MINNEAPOLIS



specialized to a considerable extent in oral sur-
gery. Durinc; his residence in Minneapolis Dr.
Krenier has taken a most active part in the affairs
of the profession, has been a constant worker in
the dental societies, has held numerous offices of
responsibility and honor in these societies and has
accomplished much for the advancement of the
profession in this state. He is president of the
State Dental association and was chairman in
1907 of the committee which was successful in
bringing to Minneapolis the annual meeting of
the National Dental association — a meeting
which was a record breaker in attendance. Dr.
Krcmer is an officer of the national association
and a contributor to dental periodicals. In polit-
ical faith he is a democrat and he is a member of
the Masonic body, of the Minneapolis Commercial
club and supreme chapter of the Delta Sigma
Delta, the professional fraternity. He was mar-
ried on December 27, 1881 at Lena, Illinois, to
Miss Lillias M. .'\mbrose. They have one son.
George E., now ;i practicing; lawyrr in .Minneap-
olis

McCREA, John Franklyn, was born March 6,
1868, near Shelbyville, Iniliana. His parents were
Albert McCrea, a farmer, and Mary Campliell.
The McCreas came to this country from tlie
Highlands of Scotland before the Revolutionary
war and played their part in colonial affairs. It
was the murder of Jane McCrea by Indian ma-
rauders which aroused among the colonists such
bitter hatred fur the s.avages. From these early
settlers are descended nearly all the McCreas in
this country who use that orthography of the
name. When Dr. McCrea was two years of age
bis mother died, and he spent his early life on
the farm until lu- went Ici college. He attended
the Norm.il ncIiooI at hanville, Indiana, and hav-
ing complcte<l the c(nir>e tliere entered the North-
ern Indiana College, taking a course in engineer-
ing. He taught school during his vacation, and
graduated in l8Sg taking a 15. S. degree I K-
matriculated at the Chicago College of Dental
Surgery and completed bis course there in the
spring of 1892, receiving bis degree of I). 1). S.
Since that time he has practiced in Minneapolis
and is well known in his profession. Dr. McCrea
is a member of the Intern.-itional Dental Congress
and in August. IQOO. was a delegate to that body
at the convention held at I'aris. In igo5 >onu'
business associates commissioned him to ,go to
the Isthmus of Tehauntepec in southern Mexico,
to investigate tlie eondiliims in that locality rela-
tive to industrial investment. I )r. .McCrea is a
member of .ill the more im])orlanl dental societies
among tliein, the International Dental Congress.
The Twin City Dental Academy .nid the .Miiine
sola State Dental Association, ami in the last



named organization he has successively held all

the important offices including that of president.
He is also connected with, and an officer in. many
of the minor clubs about town. In politics he
is an independent thinker, but usually supjjorts
republican principles. In -Xpril. 1895. Dr. McCrea
was married to Miss Etta Johnson of Minneap-
olis. They have two children, Ruth and John, Jr.

MUNNS, Edward Ernest, D. M. D., was born
in the town of Deseronto, On carlo, Canada, on
August II, 1874. He is the son of Edward Munns,
a constructional contractor and builder of Dese-
ronto. Dr. Munns lived in the town of his birth
until he was seven years old when the family
moved to St. Paul. He there obtained his pre-
paratory education in the public schools and grad-
uated from the Humboldt high scliool of that
city. He then turned his attention to the pro-
fession he intended to follow and entered the Col-
lege of Dentistry at the University of Miimesota
with the class of 1900, graduating in that ye.ar
with the degree of D. M. D. He started to prac-
tice soon after in East Minneapolis, and has since
been in active professional life. Dr. Munns is a
member of the State Dental .Association, and at-
tends the Episcopal church. He was married in
June. 1904, to Miss Marion Drew.

WELLS, James O., the son of Osbprn and
Cornelia T. Wells, was born in Newberry, South
Carolina, February 13, 1871. ;md died at Min-
neapolis August 24, 1908. His father was a
general contractor of Newberry, and Dr. Wells
passed the early years of his life in that city.
.\fter finisliing the grade and high school courses,
he matriculated at Newberry College and in 1892
graduated from that institution with the degree
of A. B. During the two years following he re-
turned for post-graduate work and took his M. .\.
degree in 1894. While carrying this work. Dr.
Wells was also teaching school and he held tlie
position of instructor until 1896 when he came to
Minneapolis. In the fall of that same year he
entered the dental department of the University
of Minnesota and completing the three-year
course received his diploma in 1899 with the de-
gree of D. D. S. Dr. Wells was, during the first
two years he spent at the University, "Quiz mas-
ter" in histology and shortly after his graduation
was appointed to the position of assistant pro-
fessor of operative dentistry, an office which he
held in connection with his regular practice.
Since 1899 Dr. WelN li.is practiced contiimously
in this city and in 1904 was appointed professor
of crown and bridge work at the state university.
He was married on June 18, 1905. to Miss Helen
Barnholdt, of Minneapolis.



CHAPTER XV.



'newspapers, publishing and printing



Till'', priiilint; press lias played a prom-
inent pari in the history of Miniie-
apnli^. The first press was brought
into the \illage of St. Anthony at so early
a period that it was quartered in a log
house, while Indians frecpiently peered in
through doors and windows to inspect the
white man's marvellous machine ; hut in
less than sixty years the product of the
press became fifth in \alue among the in-
dustries of the city and has outstripped even
the great lumbering industry and has placed
i\linncapi)lis far ahead of many cities nl
larger pupulalion as a piililishing center;
while as an inlluence upon the life nf the
community and in promoting the interests
of the city, the press has no peer among
the acti\ities i)f Minneapolis.

In a CMmmnnity of comiiaratively poor
people settled in the midst of a wilderness
there was no very inviting field for an ex-
perienced newspaper pnldisher so it came
about that to satisfy the demand of the
cnterjjrising village for a paper, the first
]niblishcr came frnm the taili.ir's bench and
the first editor from the lawyer's desk. The
St. .\iitlii)nv Express came out on May 31,
1 85 1, published by Eliuer Tyler, a tailor and
edited by Isaac Atwater, a lawyer. It was
the seventh [laper to be started in .Minne-
sota Territ(ir\ ; in politics it suppurted the
whig ]iart_\-. T)der was confident of suc-
ces.s ; .\twater pessimistic as to the outcome.
The latter proved to be correct in his ideas
for T\ler scion abandoned the venture in
disgust and jmlge Atwater was obliged t<>
continue it in the hope of recouping him-
self for advances made to the publisher.
He finally sdld (lut at a loss of $3,000. The
paper ])assed through \-arions hands and 1).
S, B. Johnston closed a brief newsjiaper



career with it in 1861 when the [laper dis-
continued and the plant was suld. 'i'hc ex-
perience of most of the either pioneer jour-
nalistic ventures was not more satisfactory
than that of the Express. The Northwest-
ern Democrat, first published cm |uly 13,
'^^53. I'y Prescott & Jones, was the second
paper; The St. Anthony Republican ap-
peared in 1855. The Democrat publishers
soon tired of the \-enture and the paper was
then sold and moved to the Minneapolis side
I if the river where the first newspaper ever
printed west of the Mississippi and north
I if the Iowa line was issued on September 2,
1854, by VV, A, llotchkiss. Although en-
dorsing Fremont in 1 S50 the Democrat
claimed to be "Thoroughly Jeffersonian."
Its plant soon passed into other hands and
for a time C. H. Pettit and John G, Williams
owned it and published the Minneapolis
Journal. The Republican was purchased by
W. A. Croffut and Edwin Clark in Septem-
ber 1857 and on September 28th they issued
the first numljer of the first daily paper
published at the l-'alls— the Daily Falls
I'A'cning News. Jt s<ion reverted to the tri-
weekly class, but in i8(io again tried the
daily ex])eriment. Meanwhile there ap-
peared a new force in Minneapolis journal-
ism. Colonel William .S. King, a compar-
atively newcomer in the city, started the
State Atlas on May 28, 1859. It was an
inausjiicious time for promoting new pub-
lishing enterprises but Colonel King was
nut the man to stand for difficulties, however
formidable. He espoused the cause of the
new and growing republican party and dis-
cussed all (picstions with characteristic
vigor, sparing no one when he disapproved
of actions or policies. Ilis forcible editorial
and business management made the paper a
success in spite of local conditions; al-



21S



A HALF CENTURY Ul' .MINNEAPOLIS




iiii; ritir.r.M: i:i ii.niNc.

lli<mt;li a teniixirai-y issm- tif a daily jinivnl
as fiiiaiu-ially iiiisali^factc iry as in the case
III iiiIkt early \entiires.

The Stale Atlas euntimieil Im he llie lead-
\]\'^ .Minneapolis ])ai)er iiiilil iSdj. I" Jiil\
1866 Colonel J'lhn H. Stevens, Colonel L.
I', riunnner, i're(leriek 1.. Smith and W'il-
lard S. Whitniiire emnineneed the puhlica-
ti.ni I.I the Chronicle as a weekly, makin.u;
h a ilaih a few weeks later and condnctini;
il with such vi,i;i>r that the inllnence nf the
Atlas was threatened. After a few nmnths
lively competition tlu' papers settled their
differences bv consDliiJatini;, and renamini^
tlie cnmhineii sheet The Minneai)olis 1 nh-

nne.

IIII-: Mi.\Ni-:.\i'oi.is Miii'.rxi:.
The first issue of the Minneapnlis Trihune
came from the press on .Mas J^. iS'v. ••iinl
the ]Kiper is thus ahnut fnrty-nne > fars nld
and the oldest dail\ in the eily. The prin-
cipal stockholders were Cnlnncl W . S. Kini;,
Dnrilns .Mi.rrisnn. W. I >. W ashhurn. A. 11



Stickney, Dr. Levi P.ntler. \V. S. \\ hitniore,
Colonel L. P. Plunnuer. Irederick L. Smith.
Dr. George H. Keith and \\ . .\. Newton,
and the first editor was John T. Cilman.
The iiwnership was unharnn minus politically
and in those days polities cut a very large
figure in the management and success or
failure of a pa])er. .Mr. Cilman was very
soon succeeded ]j\- (jeorge K. Shaw who
came to Minneapolis in i868. In 1870 the
Tribune owners found agreement impossible
and a controlling interest in the paper was
sold to Hugh W. Greene of Boston. I'our
\ears later the ownership ]3assed to Clifford
I'hompson and L. W. Powell, with Major
John H. Howell, and, later. Judge John P.
kea, as editors. Then came an interesting
episode — the raid of the jiublishers of the St.
Paul Pioneer Press in 1876 by which the
Tribune was temporarily put out of exist-
ence, the "St. Paul and .Minneapolis Pioneer
I 'ress and Tribune" taking its place. The
vigorous protest of the Minneapolis people
resulted in a compromise. The Evening
Tribune was started and an agreement made
liv which Minneapolis was to have a morn-
ing ])ai)er franchise whenever it was ready
to pay $18,000 as purchase money. In the
same operation the Pioneer Press had wiped
off the news])aper map the Evening .Mail
which had lieen running since 1874 under
the management of Johnson & Smith. In
1871^ the Tribune was owned b\- David
lUakely. Col. Plummer and George K.
Shaw, when General .\. P. .Xettleton came
to the city and purchased first Shaw's and
then Plummer's interest and in May of the
following year. i)ai(l the $18,000 to the Pio-
neer Press and started the morning Tribune
again. Mr. lUakely sold his interests to
(ien. Nettleton in 1881 and the paper con-
tinued under one head until 1885 when it
passed into the hands of Alden J. P.lethen
and the Haskells of the I'.oslon ller;dil. Eor
years the 'JVibune had been housed in the
iild city hall but about tlie time of the new
regime it moved into the first Tribune build-
ing at I-ourth street and Eirst avenue south,
now the Phoenix building. Colonel Bleth-
eii's management was forceful and sagacious
and the paper made rapid progress. In
1888 Colonel Plethen sold his interests to



NEWSPAPERS, PUBLISHING AND PRINTING



219



Haskell & Palmer but after a year bought