burn decided to carry the responsibilities alone
and assume all necessary expense until it was
demonstrated beyond question, tliat ;i direct
trade with Gre-it Britain could be established.
.•\llliough pro\ided with proper credentials and
excellent letters of introduction. Air. Dunwoody
met with a very cool reception, and on the
boards of trade was treated with scant courtesy,
the influence of the brokers, whose comiuissions
were threatened by this new departure, being
distinctly felt. It was only by great persistence
and the exercise of tact, discretion and courtesy
that he induced some of tlie younger men to
make a trial, whicli fortunately proved satisfac-
tory and led to further shipments. Some months
later the larger part of tlie C. C. Washburn
plant was destroyed by the great tire and explo-
sion of May 2, 1878. and further efforts were
held in abeyance until tlu- mills could be rebuilt
and a steady sup))ly assiunil. lint the aggressive
policy adopted, in which .\lr, l)nnvvoody was an
active participant, created such a demand and so
widened the outlet, that those millers who <lc-
clined to join in the lirst experiment, were only
too glad to take advantage of the ojjportunity
opened to thcni by his foresight and persever-
ance. From this small beginning in 1S77 has
grown the large exjiort trade of the Northwest.
until now there is scarcely ^ region of any size
on the habitable globe where Minneapolis Hour
is not known and appreciated.

Shortly after the great mill explosion in 187S,
Mr. Dunwoody entered the linn of Wasliluirn.
Crosby & Company, which had been formed the
previous year. Soon after this Governor Wash-
burn imported corrugated steel rolls and jniri-
fiers from Hungary, which was the origin n\
what was subsenuently known as the " I luiig.iiian
process" of manufacturing tlour. I he exiKri-
mental mill soon lu'oved that the process was
well adapted to the needs of the millers of this
country. All of the mills in the city and sur-
roimding region were soon changed over to the
same process, and the method has been generally
adopted by all mills throughout the countr\ ( )u
July 10, 1889, the company was incorporated un-
der the name Washburn-Crosby Comp.iny. of
which .Mr. Dunwoody is vice-president. .\lr.
Dunwoody is also interested in several eUv.ilor
companies which are allied with the milling in-
terest. He is president of the Northwestern Na
lional bank ;ind ;i member of the Chamber of
Commerce of Minneapolis and New York and
of the Minneapolis Club, the Minnesota Clidi



(St. Paid) and the Metropolitan Club (New
York). He is a Presbyterian: in political aflilia-
tions. a republican. .\lr. Dunwoody, before leav-
ing Piiiladelpliia, was married to Miss Kate 1..
Patten, the daughter of a prominent merchant of
Philadelphia. Their home is a handsome resi
dence on Oakland Terrace.

F.AIRCHILD, Egbert Nelson, for many years
associated with the Pillsbury-Washbiirn Flour
Mills Company in this city, was born in New-
York City on September 28, 1868. His father
was Egbert Henry Fairchild, who, at the time
Egbert Nelson was born, was conducting an ex-
tensive contracting business in New York; his
mother was Mary Seymore. Mr. Fairchild
passed but a short time in the city of his birth,
his family moving wdien he was still a child
to Pcekshill, New York. In that town he re-
ceived his education, attending the public schools;
and then came to Minnesota and located in .\lin
neapolis. In 1884 he accepted a position with
Chas. A. Pillsbury & Company and has been
continuously identified with the milling interests
of that firm and the Pillsbury-Wasliburn Flour
Mills Company which succeeded it in iRScj.
Through his own efforts he has advanced liini
self to the office nf assistant manager and holds ,1
high pl.ue in the esteem and confidence of the
cnniiiany. lie has also other extensive interests
in ilie iit\- and tliroughout the Northwest, being
president of the Siou.K Paving Brick Company,
of Sioux City, Iowa, and holds the same office
in Lower Brick Company, which has headquarters
in that city, and is also a member of the Minne-
apolis Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Fairchild
has devoted much time to business affairs, but
has nevertheless found it possible to take a part
in the social life of the city and is well known
;ilso in club circles. He is a member of the
Minneapolis Club, and the Minikahda Club, being
a governor of the latter organization, and a mem-
ber of the Minneapolis Curling Club. On Octo-
ber 4, l8o,!, Mr. Fairchild was married to Miss
Gertrude .\. Kenny, and they have two children.
Citlurine .ind iVlary.

KING, Henry Havelock, president of the
Shellicld-King Aiilling Company of Minneapolis,
is a native of Maine. He was born at Calais, in
that state, .Xngust 30, 1861, the son of James and
Jane ( I'kining) King. James King was a con-
tr;ictnr. lie moved to St. Stephen, New Bruns-
v\ick, whili' liis -on Henry was still young, and
the Imiv grew up in that place, obtaining most of
his schooling at the St. Stephen private schools.
.â– \t the age of twelve years he left school and ob-
tained a position as clerk, and was employed in
this way until he was seventeen. In 1879 he
moved to Minneapolis and for the next five years
was employed as a bookkeeper. In 1884 he went
into the feed coinmission business in which he
was very successful, but after about eight years



$Ab



A HALF CENTURY OF MINNEAPOLIS



he became interested in the milling business, and
in 1892 engaged in Hour milling, forming soon
afterwards, with B. H. Sheffield, the Sheffield-
King Milling Company. Mr. King was for a
time secretary and manager of the business, and
for some years now has been president of the
company. He was married on May 3, 1905, 'o
Helen M. Clark. Mr. King has taken an active
part in the affairs of the Chamber of Commerce,
as well as in the general interests of the city,
bi>th commercially and socially. He is a member
of the Minneapolis Club.

LITTLE, Henry L., manager of the Pillsbury-
Washburn Flour Mills Company, Ltd.. was
burn in 1857 on a farm near Webster, Nevw
Hampshire. His education was acijuired in the
public school and local high schmd of Web-
ster. He also attended the .Academy ,it Pena-
cook, New Hampshire, for a short time.
His business career began as clerk in his
father's store. Mr. I.illle came to Minneapolis
about 1880, without friends or influence of any
sort and first clerked in a hardware store with-
out reimbursement, awaiting a vacancy in the
regular force. During this time he met Mr.
C. A. Pillsbury who offered him a position in
his office, which he declined as he was averse to
doing clerical work. Shortly after this Mr. Pills-
l>ury made him a proposition to go on the road
and sell flour, which he accepted. After traveling
a number of years Mr. Little assumed charge of
the sales department in the oflice and in 1897
was made assistant to Mr. Pillsbury, upon whose
death two years later Mr. Little became head of
the largest flour milling plant in the wnrld.

LORING, Charles M., pioneer merchant, fli'ur
miller, and for years the president of the Min-
neapolis Park Board, was born at Portland,
Maine, November 1,3, 183,3, the son of Captain
Horace Loring and Sarah (Wiley) Loring. His
father, who was a sea captain, took him, while
still a boy, on several voyages and destined him
to become a sailor, but the young man disliked
the sea and in 1856 came west and engaged in
business at Chicago. After a few years failing
health influenced him to seek another climate, and
he secured a situation with Dorilus Morrison in
Minneapolis during the year i860. Soon after,
however, he joined Loren Fletcher in the general
merchandise trade and the lirm became prominent
ni the business life of the village. I'roni 1868 to
1894 he was engaged in the milling business; and,
since then, has been president of the Morgan
Machine Company, of Rochester, New York. Mr.
Loring's energy, business qualifications, public
spirit and affability led to his being chosen for
inany posts closely connected with the general
well-being of the community in whieli he lives.
He was a member of the city council from 1870
to 1873; as organizer of the North American
Telegraph Company, serving as its president from



1885 until his resignation in 1897; first president
of an improvement association existing here in
early times; member of the Court House Com-
mission; president of the Board of Trade in
1875; jjresident of the Chamber of Commerce
from 1886 to 1890; president of State Board of
Commissioners for securing Minnehaha Park;
president of the Board of Park Commissioners
from its organization in 1883 until his resignation
in 1803; for several years a vice-president of Na-
ti'iiial I'.'i.crd of Trade; recently, president of the
.\nieric:m Park and Outdoor Art Association,
president of the Minnesota State Forestry Asso-
ciation, and a life member of the Minnesota State
Horticultural Society. For more than 30 years
he was treasurer of Lakewood Cemetery Asso-
ciation, and was one of the trustees of Washburn
Memorial Orphan Asylum until he resigned in
1905. Mr. Loring's activity in movements per-
taining to civic welfare and embellishment in tlic
city of his adoption are recognized and .ippre-
liated by all who sympathize with such labors
and estimate the results at their true value. His
efforts in this direction commenced soon after
his arrival in Minneapolis and have been constant
during more than forty years. From the first he
was nuK'h interested in the subject of public
parks and took p.irt in all the earlier efforts to
secure parks for the young city. Later as presi-
dent of the park board he had opportunity to do
much for this cause, not only in actual accom-
plishment as an official but in the way of moulding
public opinion. He has been indefatigable in
striving, to secure land and perfect a park sys-
tem, which is counted as one of the main attrac-
tions of Minneapolis. A natural taste in this
direction h;is been fostered and cultivated by ex-
ten^i\e tr.ivels, both in this country and foreign
lands, where keen observation, love of nature
anil intercourse with kindred minds have all con-
tributed to render this pursuit a veritable pas-
sion. In recognition of his services to the city
the park board just before his retirement from
the presidency, .md in spite of his remonstrance,
gave his name tn the central park of the city,
and he is f.-iniiliarly called the Father of the
Parks. i\lr. Loring was married in early life at
Portland, Maine, to Miss Emily Crosman. Their
only son, A. C. Loring, is a prominent Minne-
apolis miller. Mrs. Loring died in 1894. Mr.
Loring was again married in 1896 to Miss Flor-
ence iiarton, daughter of .\. B. Barton, of Min-
neapolis. Mr. Loring has always been a re-
publican in politics though in this as in all mat-
ters independent and liberal in his views. He is
a number nf the Minneapolis Commercial Club
and other organizations of a public and social
character but finds his chief relaxation in study-
ing public grounds and in assisting in the promo-
tion of parks and parkways. He has been in-
vited to render such assistance in many cities and
has made numerous addresses of a character cal-
culated to educate public taste for "the city beau-
tiful."




BRUSH, PHOTO



OL/^ UL.




348



A HALF CENTURY OF MINNEAPOLIS



MARTIN, Charles J., was born in April,
1842, at Clarendon. New York. He went to Wis-
consin in 1863, and there enlisted as a private
soldier in the Fortieth Regiment of Wisconsin
Infantry and served in the war for the Union.
In 187J he was appointed secretary to Governor
C C. Washburn of Wisconsin and in 1874 he
removed to Minneapolis and became connected
with the Washburn flouring mills which were
then operated by George H. Christian & Co.,
and later by J. A. Christian & Co. When the
co-partnership of Washburn, Crosby & Co, was
..rganized in February i, 1879. -^'^• ^l'-"-ti" was
admitted as a partner, and in 1889. upon the in-
corporation of the Washburn-Crosby Company,
he was elected secretary and treasurer of the
company and has since that time held that otticc.
Mr Martin's business ability was early recog-
nized by Gov. Washburn, who commissioned him
to be his secretary and aide de camp. He was
appointed one of the executors of Gov. Wash-
burn's will and a trustee of the Washburn Mem-
orial Orphan Asylum. Among his business rela-
tions which he has tilled with distinguished ability
may be mentioned his work as secretary and
treasurer of the Great 1-alls, .Montana, Royal
Milling Company and of the St. Anthony & Da-
kota Elevator Company, and on the directory of
the National Bank of Commerce.

ri l.l.Sl'.UKV, Charles .\lfred. i..r many years
the leading miller of the world, was born at
Warner, New Hampshire. October ,3, 1H4J. ami
died at' .Minneapolis, September 17, 1899. Mr.
Pillsbury spent his boyhood in New Hampshire,
attending the local schools, and afterwards went
to Dartmouth College from which he graduated
at the age of twenty-one. During his college
life he partially supported himself by teaching
at intervals, .^fter graduation he went to Mon-
treal where he spent six years in various employ-
ments. He then came to Minneapolis, in i8f«i.
and purchased an interest in a small Ib'ui- null,
Minneapolis flour milling was at thai tiiiR- in a
ipiite undeveloped condition. There were, per-
haps, half a dozen mills at the falls and all ui
them used the old-fashioned buhr mill-stones
and other old time appliances, I'.ul Mr, Pills
bury arrived just in time to assist in the devel-
opment and application of a numlier nf woiulerful
inventions and to participate in llu- enormous
growth of milling which followed the opening nf
the spring wheat district of .Minnesota and tlie
Dakotas. In 1869 when he reached Minnea|)cilis
the railroads extended but a few miles north .iml
west; within a few years they had crossed large-
areas of prairie land making this unrivaled wheat
raising district tributary to the .Minneaiiolis tlour
mills. At about the same time the invention of
the self binder cheapened the production of
wheat while in the mills themselves many radical
innovations were introduced. One of the latter
was the middlings purifier, a Minneapolis inven-



tion which Mr. Pillsbury at once adopted with
great profit. Almost at the same time the steel
roller process was introduced from abroad and
between the two inventions the making of Hour
was revolutionized both as to ([uality and cost
of production. Mr. Pillsbury's advance during the
seventies was extraordinarily rapid. In 1872 he
formed the hrm of Chas. A. Pillsbury & Com-
pany with his uncle, John S. Pillsbury, and his
father, George A. Pillsbury, as his partners. Sub-
sequently his brother, Fred. C. Pillsbury, w^as
admitted to the firm, A group of half a dozen
mills was operated by Chas. A. Pillsbury &
Co., for several years, but the business grew
so rapidly that much larger capacity was needed
which was secured by the erection of the fanmus
Pillsbury .V mill which when completed had '^
capacity of 7,000 barrels per day. This mill was
then the largest in the world but its capacity,
through the improvement of machinery, has
been more than doubled aiul is at the present
time 15,650 barrels per day. During the period
of active development of the milling industry.
.Mr. Pillsbury visited Europe repeatedly and be-
came widely known throughout Europe and
America as the largest flour producer in the
world. Besides making a practical and detailed
study of every phase of the production of wheat,
its transportation,- the making of flour and the
marketing of flour and its by-products, Mr, Pills-
bury found time to take a large interest in many
other eonimeni.il enterprises as well as to par-
licipale 111 ]iuhlic afTairs in the city and state,
lie was frequently tendered political honors but
llie only ol'liee which he held during his life in
Minneai)olis was tli:il of .State Senator to which
he was elected for the term liegimiing ill 1877
and whicli he held for ten years. In iXgo the
lirm of Ch.is. .\. Pillsbury & Company w.is
merged into the PilKlniry-Washburn Flour .Mills
Comjiany and ,i large part of the st(]ck in the
new concern was purchased by an I'jiglish syn
dic.ile. The new corporation also secured a coii-
lrolHii,i4 interest in the entire water power at St.
,\iilhonv halls, Mr, Pillsbury remained at the
head of the business .it a very large salary ami
retained a large liolding of the slock. During
the succeeding ye.us the business was greatly
develoi)ed ami maintained its position as the
le.iding llour producing comp.-iiiy of the whole
world. .Alter a few ye'ars, on Mr. Pillslmry's
recomim-mlatioi], the comp.my lo,,k uii the lur-
llier improvement of the w.iler ]iower through
the coiistructiini of an auNili.iry dam a short dis-
laiice below the falls by means of which 10,000
::cb|itional horse pow'cr was developed. This was
the last great consiruction work under i\Ir. Pills-
bury's direction. During the thirty years of his
active business life in Minneapolis Mr. Pillsbury
was probably the most popular business man in
the city, always in good health and spirits, easily
accessible and generous to a fault. His philan-
thrf)pics and benevolences were many, but for the
most part are unrecorded. Mr. Pillsbury was a




A HALF CENTURY OF MINNEAPOLIS



\\ ll.r.lA.M ].. STKVIONS.

iiK-mbcr of ninny local orj;anizalijins. He was a
very prominent nienil)er of the .Minneapolis Cham-
ber of Commerce and was its president from i88j
to 1894. O" September 12, 1866, he was married
to Miss Mary A. Stinson of Goffstown, New Hani])-
sliirc, who died Seplemlier 26, igo2. Two sons.
Charles S. and John S., have assumed many of
the business relations so long maintained by their
father. The family has always attended I'ly-
niouth CongreKalional Church and the sons have
built, as a memorial to their parents, Pillsbury
House in South Minneapolis where the settle-
ment work of Plymouth Church is conducted.

PMJ.SHURY, GeorRe Alfred, the oldest of
the Pillsbury family which has t.iken such a
large part in the history of .Miniu-.ipnlis. was
born at Sutton, N'ew llami)shire, (ju .Xunust 2ij.
1816. lie was the son of John P. and Susan
WadleiKh Pillsbury, of a family IraciiiK its ori
Kin back to William Pillslnu'y who came fmrn
Kiifjland in ifqo. lie received a common school
education and when ciKhleen entered business
life in I'.oslon. A larne part of his life was spent
in business in Warner, New Hampshire, where
he served his town and st.ale in various public
offices. P'roni 1844 to 1849 he was post master
of Warner. In 1851 .\lr. Pillsbury retired from
mercantile business and was appointed pmclias-
ing agent for the Concord Railroad Corjjoration
and moving to Concord remained in this position
for about twenty-four years, during which he



handled very large sums of money. His inter-
ests broadened, including real estate investments,
the organization of the First National Bank of
Concord, the National Savings Bank of the same
place and he also served as a member of the city
council and represented his ward in the legisla-
ture. In 1878 he followed his brother, Governor
J. S. Pillsbury and his son, Charles A. Pillsbury.
to Minneapolis. He was then sixty-two years
oM .[lid had acquired a competent fortune wdiich
he in\csted in business in Minneapolis, becoming
one of the lirm of Chas. .\. Pillsbury & Co..
which w;is for years the largest flour milling
concc'rn in the world. His many public services
in the cast were known, and he was soon called
ii])nii to serve the city of Minneapolis, being
rJKPsen for the school board and city council and
in 18S4 rcccivini; the nomination by the republi-
can party for niaycrr. To this office Mr. Pills-
l)in'y was elected by .1 niajnrily nf eight thousand.
Mr. Pillsbury gave the city a careful business-
like administration. In his inaugural address he
suggested that saloons should not be licensed
in the residence portions of the city, and the de-
velopment of this idea of his son Charles A.
Pillsbury. who was the originator of it, gave to
Minneapolis the patrol limits system of saloon
restriction. Besides his interests in flour milling
Mr. Pillsbury entered largely into the other bus-
iness undertakings of the city and was at various
times president of the Board of Trade. Chamber
of Commerce ;ind of the Pillsbury & Hurlhut
Mlcvator Company, of the Northwestern Nation-
al Bank, trustee of the Hennepin County Savings
Bank, vice-president of the Minnesota Loan &
Trust Company and stock holder, and director
in many of the flnanci,-il and manufacturing en-
terprises of the city. In 1.S85 he was chairman
of the building connuiltec in charge of the first
clKinibcr of commerce building, and in the fol-
liuviug year occupied tlic s.nme position in con-
nection \\illi llic cr<iii..n of the First Baptist
church. .\ life long liiipti^l he look a prominent
p.irl in the aff.iirs of llir ilnioniination and served
as president of tin- r.,iplisl union. Minnesota
Baptist state couMuliou and of the .\mericau
Baptist iniion. He gave \ery liberally to Pills-
bury .Academy of Owatonna which took its name
in his honor. In rXoo he. in recognition of his
life long rel.itioiis «ilh llirrr N'ew Hampshire
conimimities, gave to Concord a free hosidlal
n.imed in honor of his wife. (In- Margaret Pills-
bury hospital: to Warner, a free public library
and to Sutton, ;i soldier's monument. lie was
married on M.ay 9. 1841. to Miss Margaret S.
Carlton. They had three children; a daughter
wdio died in infancy; Charles .\. Pillsbury. known
for years as the leading miller of the worlil.
who died in 1899. and iM-cd C. Pillslun\-. uho was
associated with his brollu-r and father in husi-
ness, who died in 1S92.

ST1':\'1-:NS. William Lewis, is a native of
Maine, the state wdiich has furnished so great a
part ot the ability and energy that have made



352



A HALF CENTURY OF MINNEAPOLIS



possible the remarkable development of the
Northwest. His home was at West Waterville,
now Oakland, where he was born on December
• 7. '853, the son of Joseph E. Stevens and
Susan A. Stevens. His father was a manufac-
turer of that town, and there William L. passed
the years of his boyhood and began his educa-
tional training. He attended the village gram-
mar and high schof)l and after completing his
preparatory work entered the University of
Maine. In 1876 he completed bis studies in that
institution and graduated in that year with a de-
gree of M. E. Soon after finishing his college
work he came to Minneapolis where a position
in the office of a flinir milling concern was ac-
cepted and since that time he has been continu-
ously connected with some branch of the tlour
industry. From 1879 until 1SS4 lu- w.is assor
ciated with a milling firm of this city whicli (li<l
a large e.vport business and received the training
of which he afterward made service in his own
interests. In 1884 he became identified with the
flour exporting line in his own name and has
since carried on the business on bis own accoiinl.
An extensive trade has been worked up in Great
Britian and Holland and the Hour nf sume of the
leading merchant mills of the Northwest is dis-
tributed in those countries. A considerable ex-
port business is also done in Kansas hard wheat
flours in conjunction with the products of the
local mills. Mr. Stevens is a republican in poli-
tics, but docs not take an especial interest in
party matters. He was married in 1879 â– ""' lias
three children. The family attends the Congre-
gational Church.

WILLFORl), Joseph Lewis, for some thirty-
five years a prominent manufacturer of Minne-
apolis, was born in Green county, Wisconsin, on
July 10. 1849. He was the son of Joseph Will
ford and Phoebe Jane Hill Willford. and from
his father, who was a miller, he doubtless in
herited a taste -for the handling of machinery,
which led him to the line of Inisiness wbicli he
has followed successfully during the greater jiart
of his life. Mr. Willford's boyhood was sjjcnt
in Iowa and Minnesota, where be secured sucli
training as the public schools afforded. But tlu-
death of his parents while he was still a child
threw him <|uilc early upon his own resources.
He became interested in machinery and machine
building and an experience of some years in
practical shop work fitted him fur the larger
field which be has since entered. In 1871 be
came to Minneapolis and this city has since