15. Shale 14
16. Coal (No. 3?) 2-4 "
17. Shale 35
18. Coal (No. 2?) 3
19. Sandstone and shale (Conglomerate) 180 "
20. Limestone (No. 1 of Chester Group) 20 "
21. Shale 15
22. Sandstone 40 "
23. Shale 17
24. Limestone (No. 2 of Chester Group) 15 "
199
25. Shale 20 feet.
26. Sandstone 40 "
27. Shale 18 "
28. Limestone (No. 3 of Chester Group) 30 "
29. Soft shale (Lyropora shale) 65 "
30. Limestone (No. 4 of Chester Group) 30 "
31. Sandstone 30 "
32. Shale and limestone 30 "
33. Shale 15 "
34. Sandstone (gas) 7 "
35. Shale , 20 "
36. Limestone 14 "
37. Shale 40 "
38. Sandstone and sandy shale (Aux Vases sandstone). 120 "
Total thickness. . . 1046 feet
Nos. 2-19 are Coal Measures, No. 19 being the basal
sandstone (Conglomerate). Nos. 20-38 represent the en-
tire thickness of the Chester Group, which, in this section,
is made 636 feet. Prof. Worthen's section, referred to
before, gives 613 feet.
Between Coat No. 6 and Coal No. 5, Prof. Worthen
gives 30 to 40 feet of shaly sandstone. This must have
been a mistake in stratigraphical correlation, as none of
the borings bear this out, and the miners in the county
state that the interval between Nos. 6 and 5 is only
from 15 to 20 feet. All the mines of the county, with
one or two exceptions in the neighborhood of Percy,
work No. 6, though No. 5, while not so thick, is uni-
versa'ly considered a finer coal. Probably Prof. Worthen
identified a lower seam as No. 5. In his description of
Randolph county, he considers that but two seams ap-
pear developed in this county. The drill indicates the
presence of three, and perhaps four, seams.
200
SECTION XXXIV.
Log of Isabella Thompson coal shaft, south of Eden r
on the northwest quarter of section 8, township 5 south r
range 5 west. Top of shaft 497 feet above sea level.
Shaft put down July to September, 1888.
1. Soil and clay 3 feet.
2. Yellow clay 17 "
3. Blue clay 3 "
4. Quicksand 4 "
5. Silt 2 "
6. Gravel 4 "
7. Silt 3 " 6 inches.
8. Quicksand and gravel 6 " 6
9. Silt, veiy pure and pale 8 "
10. Silt, coarser, mouse-colored 3 "
11. Hardpan or concrete 4 "
12. Sand, fine, gray, close, firm 6 "
13. Hardpan, sand and clay mixed 6 " 6 inches..
14. Silt 2 " 6 "
15. Boulder clay 6 " 3 "
16. Fine gravel 4 "
17. Boulder clay 1 foot 9 '
18. Laminated clay 5 feet.
19. Nodular limestone, bluish gray 6 " 10 "
20. Clay shale " 10
21. Coal (No 7?) 1 foot 7 "
22. Light, argillaceous sandrock 1 " 8 "
23. Fireclay 3 feet 2 "
24. Blue clay shale 5 " 11 "
25. Buff -colored limestone "... 2 "
26. Blue-banded limestone 1 foot 11 "
27. Clay shale 3 feet 6 "
28. Clouded gray and buff limestone 3 " 6 "
29. Fire clay parting " 4 "
30. Bluish gray slate 3 " 1 "
31. Black limestone 2 "
32. Buff and black spotted limestone 1 foot 1 "
33. Gray and black lime bands 1 "
34. Brownish gray limestone 3 feet 10 "
35. Black slate 1 foot 8 "
36. CoalNo.6 6 feet 6 "
Total depth . 140 feet 5 inches
201
The section condensed, is:
1. Soil and drift 90 feet.
2. Limestone and shale 7 " 8 inches.
3. Coal (No. 7 ?) 1 foot 7
4. Fire clay and shale 10 feet 9 "
5. Limestone 22 " 3 "
6. Black slate 1 foot 8 "
7. Coal No. 6 6 feet 6
Total thickness 140 feet 5 inches.
The elate above Coal No. 6 is variable, ranging in
thickness from to 3 feet. The coal varies from 5 feet
10 inches to 6 feet 4 inches, being thickest where the
black shale above it is thickest.
SECTION XXXV.
Boring at Coulterville, 111. Record from Mr. J. Q. A.
Nisbet, through the kindness of Mr. J. P. McCJurken.
Surface 545 feet above sea level.
1. Soil and drift ( 30 feet.
2. Slate 50 "
3. Clay shale 20 "
4. Black slate 40 "
5. Clay shale 15 "
. 6. Shale 45 "
7. Clayshale 20 "
8. Slate 75 "
9. Limestone 15 "
10. Coal (No. 6) 7 "
11. Clayshale 30 "
12. Slate 25 "
13. Black slate 13 "
14. Coal 8 "
15. Slate 20 "
16. Limestone 7 "
17. Black slate 10 "
18. Limestone . . 6 '*
202
19. White slate 20 feet.
20. Limestone 10
21. Clay shale 25 '
22. Limestone 20 '
23. Clay shale 15 '
24. Brown slate 20 "
25. White sandstone 55 '
26. Slate 40 "
27. Sandstone 215 "
28. Slate 10 "
29. Limestone 10 "
30. Slate 15 "
31. Limestone 20 "
32. Slate 40 "
33. Bedrock.... 10 "
34. Limestone 40 "
35. Bedrock 30 "
36. Limestone 20 "
37. Slate 25 "
38. Red slate 25 "
39. White sandstone, salt water 17 "
Total depth 1117 feet.
If the record is at all correct, No. 14 above is probably
Coal No. 3. If so, it shows unusual thickness at this
point. It can hardly be No. 5, as it is too far below
No. 6. As best I can interpret the record, Nos. 2-28
are Lower Coal Measures, Nos. 24-28 being the Con-
glomerate, giving it a thickness of 340 feet ; Nos. 29-
39 are the Chester Group, No. 29 being the Chester
Limstone No. 1, No. 31 the Limestone No. 2, No. 34
the Limestone No. 3, No. 36 the Limestone No. 4, and
No. 39 the horizon of the gas sand at Sparta. This in-
terpretation makes the Coal Measures and Conglomerate
much thicker here than at Sparta, and the Chester Group
much thinner, but the total distance between Coal No. 6
and the gas sand horizon only about 75 feet greater
than at Sparta.
203
SECTION XXXVI.
Boring on Rurey farm, on northeast quarter of section
6, township 6 south, range 5 west. Record kindly fur-
nished by Mr. C. E. Kingsbury. Surface about 450 feet
above sea level.
1. Soil and drift 23 feet.
2. Slate and sand 4 "
3. Gray slate, with one foot of coal 37 "
4. Sandstone 6 "
5. Sandstone, dark 25 "
. Sandstone and slate . f 30 "
7. Sandstone 159 '
8. Slate 16 "
9. Limestone 15 "
10. Slate 15 "
11. Limestone ,. 70 "
12. Slate 30 "
13. Shale 16 "
14. Black shale 22 "
15. Limestone 112 "
16. Slate (52 "
17. Limestone 10 "
18. Slate 15 "
19. Limestone 73 "
20. Slate 7 "
21. Limestone 28 "
22. Slate 10 "
23. Slate and sandstone Ifi "
24. Sandstone 6 "
25. Sandy shale 16 "
26. Slate 5 "
27. Sandstone 22 "
28. Limestone and shale 10 "
29. Shale 62 "
30. Sandstone 5 "
31. Shal 5 "
32. Sandstone 150 "
33. Limestone 207 "
Total depth 1289 feet.
204
Expressed geologically, the section reads:
Nog Feet. Feet.
1. Quarternary
2-5. Lower Coal Measures (proper) 72
6-8. Conglomerate 205
9. Chester Group Limestone No. 1 15
10. " Shale 15
11. " Limestone No. 2 70
12-14. " Shale 68
15. " Limestone No. 3 112
16-18. " Lyropora shale 87
19. " Limestone No. 4 73
20. " Shale . . . .^ 7
21-31. " Limestone' No. 5 185
32. " Aux Vases Sandstone 1 50
782
33. St. Louis Limestone 207
Total thickness 1289
The horizon equivalent to the Sparta gas sand is some-
where in No. 29. The Chester Group is 782 feet thick,
or about 150 feet more than is indicated by the borings
at Sparta.
SECTION XXXVII.
Well bored at Stellville with diamond core drill. Record
given me by Mr. C. E. Kingsbury, who has taken an active
part in promoting and keeping records of drillings. Sur-
face about 450 feet above sea level.
1. Soil and quicksand 60 feet.
2. Sandstone 48 '
3. Limestone " 5 inches.
4. Sandstone 2 " 7 "
6. Coal " 5
6. Clay shale 8 " 7 "
7. Sandy shales and sandstone 5 " 6 "
8. Sandstone, with dark streaks 2 " '
9. Sandstone and sandy shale 7 "
10. Soft clay shale 9 " 2 "
11. Striped sandv shale 1 foot 6 "
12. White sandstone and striped sandy shalo. . 3 feet 6 "
13. Limestone " 4 "
205
14. Striped sandy shale 1 foot.
15. Dark clay shale 9 feet.
16. White sandstone 1 foot.
17. Dark sandy shale 4 feet.
18. Gray sandstone 1 foot 3 inches.
19. Limestone 1'eet 4
20. Sandstone and sandy shale " 6 "
21. Dark shale 8 "
22. Sandstone 3 " 6 "
23. Hard rock " 5 '
24. Striped sandstone 10 ' 6 '
25. Hard rock , " 6 "
26. White and gray sandstone 11 " 6 "
27. Limestone u " 1 "
28. Sandstone 3 "
29. Dark, coarse sandstone " 3 "
30. White sandstone 34 " 2 "
31. Sandstone, with dark nodules 1 '
32. White sandstone 12 "
33. Dark, coarse sandstone 1 "
34. Conglomerate " 2
35. Coarse sandstone.. 47 " 10
Total depth oOO feet.
The greater part of this accurate section is Conglom-
erate, with a few overlying strata of the Lower Coal
Measures proper. I am unable to draw this line in the
record. Possibly No. 7 may be considered the top of
the Conglomerate. Even an examination of the strata
themselves is not always sufficient to decide, as the sand-
stones and shales of the two formations are very much
alike. In fact, we may very much doubt the utility of
attempting to separate the formations in the Illinois coal
field, though in the Appalachian coal field the dividing
line is easily drawn.
206
Perry County.
The line of the section passes diagonally through the
southwestern corner of Perry county. No exposures were
seen near the line of the section. A very careful and
accurate boring made on the line of the Wabash, Ches-
ter & Western Railroad, in July, 1887, at Galum creek,
about four miles northeast of the line, is here given, to
give some idea of the character of the strata comprised
in the lower Coal Measures along this portion of the
line. The record has been previously published in Geol.
Sur. 111., VIII, 56.
SECTION XXXVIII.
Boring at Galum creek, on section 35, township 5 south,
range 4 west. Surface about 440 feet above sea level.
1. Soil and clay 17 feet 6 inches.
2. Black shale 1 foot 10
3. Daik blue limestone 8 feet 8 "
4. Black shale 2 " 6 "
5. Coal No. 6 5 " ]() "
6. Fireclay 1 foot (i
7. Limestone 1 " 3 '
8. Soft white shale 2 foot 3 "
9. Light gray limestone 2 "
10. Sandy shales 7 " 10 "
11. Hard white limestone 6 " 7 "
12. Hard gray shale 2 "
13. Hard blue limestone . " 6 '
14. Coal No. 5 : 4 " g
15. Fireclay 11 "' 1 "
16. Limestone " 9 "
17. Shale 2 "
18. Sandy shale and sandstone 52 " 6 "
19. Blue shale, with limestone nodules 5 " 3 "
20. Fossilferous limestone. .'. 1 foot 4 "
21. Black shal 8 feet ;> "
22. Coal No. 4 3 " 1
23. Gray clay shale... 1 foot 8
U. Coal feet 2
25. Dark shale, with sulphur nodules 2 " 4
26. Gray shale with pyrites " 9 "
207
27. Gray shale feet 10 inches.
28. Black shale, with limestone nodules 6 " 2 "
29. Limestone " 1 inch.
30. Shale 13 " 10 inches.
31. Blackshale 2 " 9
32. Coal No. 3 2 " 2
33. Gray shale 8 " 6 "
34. Limestone " 9 "
35. Shale a: d sandstone 3 " 9 "
36. Shales, with bands of sandstone and lime-
stone 15 " 7 "
37. Shale 9 " 8
38. Coal No. 2 1 foot 6
39. Green clay shale feet 6 "
40. Limestone " 11 "
41. CoalNo.2, 2 " 6
42. Fire clay 1 foot 7 "
43. Gray shale feet 8 "
44. Sandy limestone " 8 "
45. Gray shale " 9 "
46. Dark shale " 5 "
47. Soft coal and rock mixed " 9 "
48. Brown and gray shales, with limestone
nodules 7 " 6 "
49. Shale 12 " 9
50. Sandstone 4 " 6 "
51. Black shale, fossilferous 1 "11 "
52. Coal No. 1 3 " 5
53. Blackshale " 5 "
54. Dark sandy shales 8 " 7 "
55. Gray shale, with limestone nodules 1 foot 9 "
56. Shale 13 feet 5
57. Coal 1 foot 7 "
58. Dark shale, with limestone nodules 2 feet 2 "
59. Sandy gray shales 6 " 9 "
60. Shale, with streaks of coal 5 " 5 "
61. Shale 28 " 9
62. White sandstone, with streaks of coal 1 foot.
63. Coarse sandstone 14 feet 8 "
64. Pebbly conglomerate 1 foot.
Total thickness 344 feet.
No. 63 marks the top of the Conglomerate Division of
the Lower Coal Measures.
208
Jackson County.
This is another very interesting county from a geologi-
cal standpoint. The outcropping formations are given
in the following table taken from the Economical Geology
of Illinois, vol. 1, p. 505.
Lower Coal Measures, including conglomerate 500-COO feet.
Chester Group 800
St. Louis Group 250
Eeokuk Group 150
Burlington Limestone 100
Hamilton Group 40-75
Corniferous limestone 20-30
Onondaga limestone 60
Oriskany Gi oup (Clear Creek limestone) 250
Lower Helderberg limestone 200
Along the line of the section the outcropping rocks
are Lower Coal Measures exclusively. The Chester Group
occupies a large area in the western and northwestern
parts of the county, and the lower formations a rather
email area in the southwestern part of the county.
SECTION xxxix.
Outcrops along the line of the Mobile & Ohio Railroad
between Bi-yden and Ava, on sections 28 and 29, town-
ship 7 south, range 3 west. Top of section about 550
feet above sea level.
1. Heavy-bedded sandstone 35 feet.
2. Shale with iron concretions 25 "
3. Interval not exposed, estimated at 10 "
4. Shale 3 "
5. Shaly sandstone 4 "
6. Sandstone 4 "
7. Shale 4
8. Sandstone thinly bedded 4 "
9. Sandstone ledge 2 "
10. Shale . . 4
209
11. Sandstone, heavy bedded with traces of
plants 11 feet.
12. Shalo 4 "
'13. Sandstone, thinly bedded 3 '
14. Sandstone 5 "
15. Coal 8 inches to 1 foot.
16. Shale with remains of plants feet. 6 inches.
17. Sandstone 3 "
Total thickness 122 feet 6 inches.
The section is near the top of the Conglomerate and
may embrace a few strata belonging to the Lower Coal
Measure proper. I was unable to determine the exact
horizon.
SECTION XL.
Boring at Murphysboro, 1888. Record kindly fur-
nished me by Mr. W. H. Hull. Surface about 430 feet
above sea level.
1. Soil and drift 98 feet.
2. Black shale 27 "
3. Coal No. 2 6 "
4. Blue shale 20 "
5. Gray sandstone 48 "
6. Gray sandy shale 67 "
7. White sandstone 163 "
8. Blue shale 118 "
9. Limestone (?) 30 "
10. Light blue shale 20 "
11. Dark shale 25 "
12. Limestone 3 "
13. Dark blue shale 10 "
14. Gray limestone 18 "
15. Dark blue shale 13 "
16. Limestone 54 "
17. Bituminous shale 2 "
18. Light blue shale 20 "
19. Gray sandy shale 16 "
20. Dark blue shale 4 "
21. Dark sandy shale 23 "
14
210
22. Gray limestone 5 feet.
23. Dark limestone '10
24. Dark blue shale 25 '
25. Limestone 14
26. Dark blue shale 11
27. Dark sandy shale 13 '
28. Gray sandstone 15 '
29 Dark limestone. 12 "
30. Dark blue shale 44 '
31. Dark limestone 4 "
32. Gray limestone 30 "
33. Dark limestone 22 '
34. Blue shale 15 "
Total depth 1005 feet.
No. 9 is certainly an error, it should be sandstone.
Expressed in geological terms the above section reads:
Nos. Feet.
1. Quaternary 98
2-6. Lower Coal Measures 168
7-11. Conglomerate 356
12-14. Chester Group Limestone No. 1 31
15. Shale 13
16. Limestone No. 2 54
17-21. Sandy shale 65
22-23. Limestone No. 3 15
24. Lyropora shale 25
25. Limestone No. 4 14
26-28. Sandstone and shale 39
29-34. Limestone No. 5... .127
383
Total thickness . . 1005-
SECTION XLI.
Boring made with diamond drill in 1892, near Mur-
physboro, on the northwest corner of the southwest
quarter of section 34, township 8 south, range 2 west.
Record furnished by Mr. J. D. Peters, the accomplished
superintendent of the St. Louis Iron & Steel Co. Surface
elevation about 445 feet above sea level.
211
J. Clay and sand 86 feet.
2. Shale... 30 " 6 inches.
3. Dark blue shale, with concretions 33 " 5 "
4. Coal No. 2 6 " 4
5. Dark blue shale 15 "
6. Gray sandstone 20 "
7. Blue sandy shale, with black partings 3 "
8. Gray sandy shale, with black partings 13 "
9. Dark sandy shale, with black partings 30 "
10. Bituminous shale 9 "
11. Gray sandy shales, with black partings 7 "
12. Brown sandstone 69 "
13. Dark shales, with sand partings 35 "
14. Light sandstone 5 "
15. Dark shale, with sand partings 21 "
16. Light sandstone 46 "
17. Dark shale, with sand partings 3 "
18. Sandstone 6 "
19. Light sandy shale 5 "
20. Light sandstone 51 '
21. Sandstone, with traces of coal " 1 inch.
22. Light sandstone 34 " 11 inches.
23. Dark sandy shale 3 "
24. Dark blue clay shale 67 " 6 '
25. Sandstone, with shale partings 1 foot 6 "
26. Dark blue clay shale 3 feet.
27. Sandstone, with shale partings 45 "
28. Sandstone 9 "
29. Limestone 1 foot.
30. Blue clay shale, with sand partings 5 feet.
31. Limestone 33 "
32. Dark blue clay shale 16 "
33. Limestone 26 "
34. Clay shale 9 "
35. Light sandy shale 23 " 6 "
36. Soft coal and shale mixed 1 foot 6 "
37. Sandstone feet 6 "
38. Soft coal and shale mixed 1 foot 6 "
39. Light sandy shale 15 faet.
40. Sandstone, with streaks of coal 42 "
41. Limestone 1 foot.
42. Dark clay shale 5 feet.
43. Limestone . . 2 "
212
44. Dark clay shale 5 feet.
45. Limestone 1 foot.
46. Dark clay shale 3 feet.
47. Light limestone 11
48. Dark clay shale 5 '
49. Light sandy shale 2 '
60. Limestone 5 '
51. Dai k clay shale 14 '
Total depth 881 feet.
Expressed geologically, the section reads:
Nos. Feet.
1. Quaternary 86
2-12. Lower Coal Measures 237
13-28. Conglomerate 336
29-31. Chester Group Limestone No. 1 39
32. Shale 10
33. Limestone No. 2 26
34-40. Sandy shale 93
41-45. Limestone No. 3 14
46-49. Lyropora shale 21
50-51. Limestone No. 4 19
222
Total thickness . .881
SECTION XLH.
Outcrop on hillside east of Makanda, 111., on the west
half of section 27, township 10 south, range 1 west.
Top of section 725 feet above sea level.
1. Soil and clay 10 feet.
2. Conglomerate Sandstone 150 "
3. Shale and thin ledges of sandstone .. 36 "
4. Concealed to level of railroad track 52 '
Total thickness 248 feet.
About a mile and a half southeast of Makanda and
not far from the county line, near the top of the
conglomerate hill, occurs a bit of picturesqueness, which
locally had received the name "Giant City". It consists
213
of a seri s of chasms or clefts varying from a foot to
twelve feet wide, and in depth from a few feet to thirty
or more, intersecting each other at various levels and
varying angles. Whether this unusual structure is due
to erosive or other agencies, the limited examination I
could give failed to disclose.
At Moore, two miles south of Makanda on the Illinois
Central Railroad, the conglomerate sandstone is quar-
ried; the vertical face of the quarry, all white sandstone
of excellent quality, measured 87 feet. Some of the
layers are slightly stained with iron.
Union County.
The line of the section passes not far from the middle
of the county, cutting diagonally the townships in range
7 west. The conglomerate ridge crossing the northern
part of the county gives it an almost mountainous
aspect. Bald Knob, the highest elevation in southern
Illinois, is about five miles west of the line. The forma-
tions outcropping are very much the same as in Jackson
county, but do not run quite so high up in the series.
The following formations were identified by the geolog-
ical survey of the state.
Conglomerate sandstone 200 feet.
Chester Group 800
St. Louis Group 200-250
Kinderhook 80-100
Chemung (black slate) 40-60
Hamilton Group 60
Corniferous 25
Onondaga 60- 90
Oriskany (Clear creek) 200-250
Lower Helderberg 250
No deep wells have come to my knowledge which would
throw any additional light upon the above. A well 566
feet deep was sunk at the Southern Illinois Insane
214
Asylum, but no record was found. A few samples pre-
served showed the drill to have passed almost entirely
through limestone, probably all of the St. Louis Group,
stopping in the Warsaw division. If this interpretation
is correct, though it is little more than guesswork, the
St. Louis Group is thicker than indicated in the table
of formation above.
The line of the section crosses successively the Con-
glomerate, the Chester and the St. Louis, the other
formations being confined to the western side of the
county.
SECTION XLIJI.
Outcrop three and one-fourth miles south of Makanda,
111., not far from the center of section 9, township 11
south, range 1 west. Top of section about 530 feet
above sea level.
1. Thin bedded flaggy sandstone with fossil plants 7 feet.
2. Shale 5 "
3. Heavy bedded limestone, (Chester No. 1,) with charact-
eristic fossils, exposed 18 "
Total thickness 30 feet.
This section shows the conformable superposition of
the Conglomerate upon the Chester Group.
From the southwest quarter of section 16, township
11 south, range 1 west, for about two miles to Cobden,
the railroad cuts through the sandstone, called No. 2,
in the geology of Union county, by Prof. Worthen, lying
immediately under the limestone No. 1. The thickness
of the sandstone could not be measured as the exposures
are not continuous. The sandstone which is mostly
micaceous, lies in ledges from four to six inches thick.
SECTION XL1V.
Outcrops (not continuous) north and northeast of
Anna, 111., on sections 8 and 17, township 11 south, range
1 west. Top of section about 625 feet above sea level.
215
1. Limestone in ledges from one to twelve
inches in thickness, with thin shale part-
ings especially near the bottom ; charact-
eristic Chester fossils abundant 30 feet
2. Shale, somewhat marly, dark green, purple,
and chocolate in color, with numerous
finely preserved bryozoa, also brachiopods
usually crushed and pentremites 20 "
3. Limestone heavily bedded 20 "
4. Sandstone and sandy shale, only partially
exposed
5. Interval not exposed
6. Limestone 6 "
7. Green shale, destitute of fossils 1 "
8. Limestone with few fossils 8 '
9. Sandy layers, only partially exposed
10. Interval not exposed
11. Limestone becoming leached
12. Crystalline limestone 2 " 8 inches.
13. Oolitic limestone " 5 "
14. Crystalline limestone 2 " 8 "
15. Crystalline limestone, with characteristic
St. Louis Group brachiopods and pentre-
mites 15 "
16. Oolitic limestone 5 "
Nos. 1-9 belong to the Chester Group, Nos. 11-16 to
the St. Louis Group. As the outcrops were not con-
tinuous there was no way of determining the thickness
of the basal sandstone of the Chester, immediately over-
lying the St. Louis.
Pulaski County.
The area of this county is occupied almost entirely by
two formations, the St. Louis Group and the Tertiary.
No records of deep wells or borings were discovered. The
St. Louis consists of limestones presenting the usual char-
acters. The Tertiary consists mainly of clay, micaceous
sand derived from decomposed coal measure strata, and
a ferruginous, pebbly, conglomerate.
216
SECTION XLV.
Outcrop in hillside east of Pulaski, III., near the center
of section 15, township 15 south, range 1 west. Top c>f
section about 455 feet above sea level.
1. Soil, loam and clay 59 feet.
2. Pebbly conglomerate 8 '
3. Clay shale, bluish and drab 30 "
4. Sand 1 foot.
5. Impure lignite " 2-4 inches.
6. Drab clay 1
7. Sand, very fine and white 12 feet.
8. Concealed to level of railroad track, prob-
ably sand 4 '
Total thickness 115 feet 4 inches.
SECTION XI/VI.
Outcrops in the vicinity of Caledonia, 111., on section
23, township 15 south, range 1 east. Top of section
about 400 feet above sea level.
1. Soil and clay (quaternary) 25-30 feet.
2. Pebbly conglomerate 8-12
3. Clayshale 35
4. Sandy marl, greenish and brownish 18
5. Ferruginous sandstone 2-3
6. Bluish marl 3
7. Purplish marl or variegated clay 6
8. Impure lignite 2
Total thickness 109 feet.
The beds underlying No. 8 were covered by the high
water of the Ohio river which was about 32 feet above
low water mark on the day when the above section was
measured. In both the preceding sections the different
deposits succeeded each other in the same order. Whether
this is true of all the tertiary deposits in this end of the
State, or whether there is an indiscriminate commingling
of the various kinds of material, my field-work was too
limited to determine.
217
In sinking the piers of the Illinois Central bridge over
the Ohio an Exogyra, costata was found in excavating
showing that the Cretaceous exists under the bed of the
Ohio; but no outcrop of Cretaceous has ever been re-
corded in Illinois.
In the course of this work one thought has forced itself
upon me again and again. If only the State could be
induced to undertake a series of borings and keep care-
ful and exact records of the strata penetrated, our knowl-
edge of the geology of Illinois would gain a wonderful
expansion. There can hardly be a doubt but thac such
an undertaking would be in the highest degree beneficial
even from a utilitarian and economic standpoint, while
from a scientific standpoint the results would be incal-
culably valuable.
ADDENDA.
In the prosecution of the work the following additional
sections were collected, which have not been previously
published.
SECTION
Shaft of coal mine and boring of Centralia Mining and