attendance during the summer immediately preceding at a summer
school approved for the twelve weeks of normal training provided for
in section twenty-seven hundred thirty-four-p, supplement to the code,
1913, shall be admitted.

This examination shall be under the same regulations as to prepara-
tion of questions, grading of papers, granting of certificates as the four
examinations provided for in the first part of this section. [36 G. A.,
S. F. 563, § 1; 31 G. A., ch. 122, § 3; 19 G. A., ch. 161, § 2; 17 G. A.,
ch. 143; C. '73, §§ 1766. 1768, 1774; R., §§ 2066, 2068, 2073; C. '51,
§ 1148.]

Notes: 1. Supplemental examination. Where two examinations are held
in a county, one will be in charge of a competent deputy appointed by the
county superintendent. It is only in exceptional cases and where a larg(j
number of applicants will be accommodated that a second examination should
be authorized.

2. Assistants — compensation of. The county superintendent should ap-
point such assistants as may be necessary to properly conduct the examina-
tion. The persons assisting shall file claims for their services with the
board of supervisors, who shall audit and allow a reasonable compensation
therefor. Section 2 742.

Sec. 2734-d. First grade certificates — subjects. The examination
for the first grade certificate shall include competency in and ability to
teach orthography, reading, writing, arithmetic, geography, grammar,
history of the United States, didactics, elementary civics, elementary
algebra, elementary economics, elementary physics, elements of vocal
music, physiology and hygiene, which in each division of the subject
shall include special reference to the effects of alcohol, stimulants and
narcotics upon the human system. [31 G. A., ch. 122, § 4.]

Notes: 1. Subjects for which valid. Holders of any valid license, not
a special certificate, may teach any subject prescribed in the curriculum,
whether the holder was examined in such subject. Attorney-general, report
1906, page 42.

2. Validity. First grade certificates are valid in any county in which
they are registered. Section 2734-q.

3. Term — renewal. A first grade certificate is issued for three years
and Is renewable subject to conditions named in section 2 734.g.



22 SCHOOL LAWS OF IOWA

4. V^ocational subjects. Agriculture and a choice between Domestic
Science and Manual Training is required for a first grade certificate. See
section 2775-a.

Sec. 2734-e. Special certificates. A special certificate may be issued
for any subject, or any group of subjects, taught in the public schools
of Iowa, upon examination in such special subject or group of subjects
and per cents therein such as are required for the issue of a first grade
county certificate. A special certificate shall be issued for a term of
three years and shall be renewable under the same conditions as apply
to the renewal of first grade certificates. It shall state the names of
the subjects for which it is issued, and shall not be valid for the teaching
of any other subjects. [34 G. A., ch. 130, § 4; 31 G. A., ch. 122, § 5.]

Notes: 1. Kinds of si)ecial ceitificates. The following kinds of special
certificates are issued. 1, music; 2, penmanship; 3, drawing; 4, kindergar-
ten; 5, domestic science; 6, manual training; 7, Latin; 8, German; 9, Greek;
10, French; 11, physical culture; 12, English, including grammar, rhetoric,
English composition and English and American literature; 13, history and
political science, including Greek, Roman, English and American history,
civil government of Iowa and of the United States, and economics; 14,
mathematics, including higher arithmetic, algebra, geometry and trigonom-
etry; 15, natural science, including physiology, physical geography, geology,
botany and zoology; 16, physical science, including physics, chemistry and
astronomy; 17, commercial, including arithmetic, penmanship, bookkeeping
and commercial law; 18, stenography.

2. Subjects may be added. Any candidate passing in one of these groups
can at his option add another subject or group of subjects to said group
without paying an additional fee, provided the examination is completed al
a given date.

3. Subjects for which valid. The holder of a special certificate may teach
only the subjects named.

4. Validity. Special certificates are valid in any county in the state in
which they are registered. Section 2 734-q.

5. Renewal. See section 2 734-g.

6. Special state ceitificat^s. Section 2 630-b.

Sec. 2734-f. Record of examinations. A record shall be kept by the
county superintendent of all examinations taken within his county,
with the name, age and residence of each applicant, and the date of
the examination. [31 G. A., ch. 122, § 6.]

Notes: 1. Records. The records of the examinations should be care-
fully kept, because from them the reports to the board of supervisors, coun-
ty and state treasurers and superintendent of public instruction must be
made.

2. Details. This record should show the names of the candidates, fees
received and date, and grade of certificate issued to each.

Sec. 2734-g. First grade certificates— renewal. Applicants who
have taught successfully for at least thirty-six weeks, and whose ex-
amination entitles them to the first grade certificate, shall receive the
same for a term of three years from the date thereof, and such certifi-
cate shall be renewable without examination, provided the applicants
shall show by testimonials from superintendents or principals who had
immediate supervision of their professional study that at least one line
of professional inquiry has been successfully conducted during the life
of the certificate, it being made the duty of the board to forward with



SCHOOL LAWS OP IOWA 23

each certificate subject to renewal, outlines setting forth various lines
of professional study. It is provided further that each application
for renewal shall be accompanied by such proof of successful expe-
rience and professional spirit as the educational board of examiners may
require. [34 G. A., ch. 130, § 5 ; 33 G. A., ch. 181, § 1; 31 G. A., ch.
122, § 7; 27 G. A., ch. 86, ^ 2; 26 G. A., ch. 39; 21 G. A., ch. 1, § 3;
C. 73, §§ 1767, 1771; R., §§ 2067, 2070.]

Sec. 2734-h. Second grade certificates — renewal. Applicants whose
examination entitles them to second grade certificates only, shall re-
ceive the same for not to exceed two years with the privilege of renewal
of the same without further examination under the same conditions
as govern the renewal of first grade certificates. The holder of a
second grade certificate, may at any of the examinations provided for
in section twenty-seven hundred thirty-four-c (2734-c) of the supple-
ment to the code, 1907, take an examination in any one or more of the
additional branches, required for the issue of a first grade certificate,
or he may at any such time be re-examined in any branch or branches
in which he desires to raise his grade, and in each case the new per
cent shall be placed on his certificate, and when he has thus success-
fully passed in all the branches required for the issue of a first grade
certificate, such certificate shall then be issued to him, provided he has
had at least thirty-six weeks' successful experience in teaching; if
not, then at the conclusion of such experience. In like manner third
grade certificates may be changed into those of the second or first
grade, and in all cases whether the certificate be of the first, second or
third grade, credit shall be given for all examinations taken under the
auspices of the board, it being the intention of the law that an examina-
tion once taken shall be final unless the certificate holder desires to be
re-examined in any one or more branches with a view of raising his
per cent in such branches or his general averasre. [34 G. A., ch. 130,
§ 6; 33 G. A., ch. 181, § 2; 31 G. A., ch. 122, § 8.]

Notes: 1. Subjects. The examination for a second grade certificate in-
cludes competency in and ability to teach all the subjects enumerated in
section 2 734-d excepting elementary civics, elementary economics, elemen-
tary algebra and elementary physics.

2. Subjects for which valid. See note 1, section 273 4-d.

3. Validity. Second grade certificates are valid in any county in which
they are registered. Section 2 734-q.

4. Term — renewal. A second grade certificate is issued for a term of
two years and may be renewed indefinitely.

Sec. 2734-i. Third grade certificates. Applicants whose examina-
tion entitles them to a third grade certificate only, shall receive the
same for one year, at the end of which time upon proof of successful
teaching and the payment of a fee of one dollar ($1.00). one renewal
shall be granted. [34 G. A., ch. 130, § 8 ; 31 G. A., ch. 122, § 9.]

Notes: 1. Subjects. Same as note 1 to section 2 734-h.

2. Subjects for which valid. See note 1, section 2 734-d.

3. Validity, Third grade certificates are valid in any county in which
they are registered. Section 2734-q.



24 SCHOOL LAWS OF IOWA

4. Term — renewal. Third grade certificates are issued for 12 months
and are eligible to one renewal only.

5. Credits. Applicants advancing from a third grade certificate under
this section must do so while the certificate or its renewal is in force.

Sec. 2734-j. Applicants without experience. Applicants who have
had no experience in teaching, but whose examination entitles them
to the first grade, shall receive a second grade certificate for two years,
provided that when they have taught successfully under such certifi-
cate for not less than thirty-six weeks, they shall be entitled to receive
a first grade certificate on the condition herein provided for a renewal
of a certificate. [31 G. A., ch. 122, § 10.]

Sec. 2734-k. County certificates — renewal — conditions. That sec-
tion twenty-seven hundred thirty-four-k (2734-k) of the supplement to
the code, 1907, is hereby repealed. [34 G. A., ch. 130, § 9; 31 G. A.,
ch. 122, § 11.]

Sec. 2734-1. Qualifications of applicants. Before admitting any one
to the examination, the county superintendent must be satisfied that
the person seeking a certificate is of good moral character, of which
fact he may require proof, and is in all respects other than in scholar-
ship possessed of the necessary qualifications as an instructor. [31 G.
A., ch. 122, § 12; 27 G. A., ch."86, § 2; 26 G. A., eh. 39; 21 G. A., ch. 1,
§ 3; C. 73, §§ 1767, 1771; R., §§ 2067, 2070.]

Sec. 2734-m. Examination papers graded — certificates issued. As
soon as the examination is completed the county superintendent shall
forward to the superintendent of public instruction, a list of all appli-
cants examined, with the standings of each in didactics and oral read-
ing, and his estimate of each applicant's personality and general fitness,
other than scholarship, for the work of teaching. He shall at the same
time forward to the superintendent of public instruction the answer
papers written, with the exception of those in didactics. Under the
supervision of the educational board of examiners, the papers shall be
graded and the scholastic qualifications determined. The result of such
examination of persons who pass the same shall be entered unon a cer-
tificate provided by such board, and shall be transmitted to the county
superintendent of the county in which the person entitled thereto re-
sides. [31 G. A., ch. 122, § 13.]

Notes: 1. Report of examination. All certificates are sent to the county
superintendent, who should forward them to the persons to whom issued.
At the same time, the report of the standing of those who do not receive
certificates is sent to the county superintendent, who should at once notify
each candidate of his standing.

2. Checking. Immediately upon receipt of the certificates, the county
superintendent should check each one with the examination sheet. By doing
so, errors may be avoided.

Sec. 2734-n. Readers — clerical help — compensation. Immediately
following each examination authorized by this act, the board of exam-
iners shall call to their assistance a sufficient number of competent
readers previously selected by the board, ten of whom shall be county
superintendents. The county superintendents so chosen shall be known



SCHOOL LAWS OF IOWA 25

as head readers and shall also constitute a review board in cases of doubt.
They shall also make a list of applicants from each county, nearest the
passing mark for a third grade certificate. The head readers shall re-
ceive necessary traveling expenses only. All other readers shall receive
actual traveling expenses to and from the capitol and not to exceed
fifty cents an hour for time actually employed in reading and marking
answer papers. Such additional clerical help as may be required may
be employed by the board at not to exceed thirty cents per hour for
time actually employed. [31 G. A., ch. 122, § 14.]

Sec. 2734-0. Expenditures certified and paid. All expenditures
authorized by this act shall be certified by the superintendent of public
instruction to the executive council, who shall cause the auditor of the
state to draw warrants therefor upon the treasurer of state, but not
to exceed the fees paid into the treasury under the provisions of this
act. [31 G. A., ch. 122, § 15.]

Note: Board members' salary. Section 2634-a.

Sec. 2734-p. Qualifications of applicants — fee. Each applicant for
a certificate shall pay a fee of one dollar, one half of which shall be
paid into the state treasury on or before the first day of the succeeding
month, and one half shall be paid into the county institute fund. Pro-
vided, however, that applicants for teachers' certificates after July first,
nineteen hundred fifteen, shall have had at least twelve weeks of normal
training, and shall at the time of making such application furnish a
certificate in writing from the institution where such training was re-
ceived, showing such fact. It is further provided, that this act shall
not apply to the regular graduates of the state university, state col-
lege of agriculture and mechanic arts, state teachers college, any ac-
credited college of the state, or of any other college of like character
outside of the state. [35 G. A., ch. 243, § 1 ; 31 G. A., ch. 122, § 16.]

Sec. 2734-pl. Experience as qualification. The provision of this
act shall in no way bar any teacher who can furnish evidence of at
least six months' successful teaching experience. [35 G. A., ch. 243, § 2.]

Sec. 2734-p2. Provisional certificates. If there should be schools
without teachers and teachers cannot be secured with qualifications as
provided in sections one or two of this act, then provisional certificates
may be issued regardless of qualifications as provided in said sections to
so many teachers as shall be required to supply such schools. [35 G.
A., ch. 243, § 3.]

Notes: 1. Fees — collection of. A fee of $1 must be collected from every-
one writing an examination either in part or in whole, from everyone ap-
plying for a provisional certificate and from everyone applying for the re-
newal of a certificate.

2. Fees — depositing. One-half of the examination fee collected must be
paid into the institute fund and the other half must be forwarded to the
treasurer of state, Des Moines, Iowa. These fees should be deposited on
the FIRST DAY OF THE MONTH. Do not remit to the state treasurer on
any other date.



26 SCHOOL LAWS OP IOWA

Sec. 2734-q. Registration fee. No person shall teach in any public
school in this state whose certificate has not been registered with the
county superintendent of the county in which such school is located.
[34 G. A., ch. 130; 31 G. A., ch. 122, § 17.]

Notes: 1. All licenses nuist be registered. Every person holding either
a state certificate, state diploma, a county certificate, a special certificate,
or a certificate to teach in kindergartens, who desires to teach, in any of
the public schools of this state must cause such certificate to be registered
with the county superintendent of the county in which he desires to teach,
no matter when the certificate is issued, whether before or since October
1, 1906. Opinion of attorney-general.

2. Registration — when not necessai'y. The holder of a certificate may
not be required to have the same registered unless he desires to teach under
its authority.

Sec. 2734-r. Third grade certificates — when not registered. In case
a sufficient number of life diplomas, state certificates, first grade cer-
tificates, special certificates and second grade certificates are held in
any county to supply the schools thereof it shall not be incumbent on
the county superintendent to register third grade certificates. [31 G.
A., ch. 122, § 18.]

Sec. 2734-s. Special examination — provisional certificates. When
a sufficient number of licensed teachers cannot be secured to fill the
schools of any county, the board of examiners may, upon the request
of the county superintendent, appoint a special examination for such
county to be conducted in all respects as a regular examination and
the answer papers to be forwarded to the president of the board as
required in regular examinations, and thereupon provisional certifi-
cates may be issued by the educational board of examiners. [31 G. A.,
ch. 122, § 19.]

Notes: 1. Strict observance. It is recommended that county superin-
tendents observe strictly the rules under which provisional certificates are
issued. Such observance will increase the efficiency of all departments of
public school work.

2. Provisional certificates — nuniber. It is clearly the intent of the law
that provisional certificates shall be "emergency certificates," and that not
more than one should be issued to any person. County superintendents
should not ask for these certificates except under great necessity. Only
under exceptional conditions should a provisional certificate be asked for
any individual the second time.

Sec. 2734-t. Certificates — where valid — ^revocations. All certificates
provided for in this act shall be valid in any county within the state,
when registered in such county, but a provisional certificate shall be
valid, upon registration, only in the county in which it is issued and
shall be issued for the same time and subject to the same extension as
a third grade certificate, but no person shall be entitled to receive more
than one provisional certificate, except upon the approval of the county
superintendent. Any certificate or diploma issued by the board may
be revoked for any cause which would have authorized or required a
refusal to grant the same, or in case the holder thereof violates any of
the provisions of this act. [31 G. A., ch. 122, § 20.]



SCHOOL LAWS OF IOWA 27

Sec, 2734-u. Revocation of certificate — charges — trial — appeal.

When in the judgment of the county superintendent there is probable
cause for the revocation of a certificate or diploma held by any teacher
employed in his county, or when charges are preferred, supported by
affidavits charging incompetency, immorality, intemperance, cruelty, or
general neglect of the business of the school, the county superintend-
ent shall within ten days transmit to such person a written statement
of the charges preferred and set the time and place for the hearing of
the same, at which trial the teacher shall be privileged to be present
and make defense. If in the judgment of the county superintendent
there is sufficient grounds for the revocation of the certificate or di-
ploma, he shall at once issue in duplicate an order revoking the certifi-
cate or diploma, and the same shall become operative, and of full force
and effect ten days after the date of its issue, one copy of the order
to be mailed to the holder of the certificate and the other to be mailed
to the superintendent of public instruction. Provided that the per-
son aggrieved by such order shall have the right to appeal to the su-
perintendent of public instruction within ten days from the date of
such mailing and in case of appeal the revocation shall not be effective
until the same is affirmed, after full hearing, by the superintendent of
public instruction. Provided further, that in the case of life diplomas
or state certificates of whatever class, the revocation shall not be ef-
fective until affirmed by the educational board of examiners after full
review by said board. '[31 G. A., ch. 122, § 21.]

Sec. 2734-v. List of persons holding certificates and attending nor-
mal institutes. The county superintendent shall annually, on the first
Monday of September, file with the president of the educational board
of examiners a list of all persons who for the preceding year have held
certificates and have attended the normal institute, with the' number
of days attendance of each. A similar report of summer school attend-
ance shall be secured by the president of the board. In any subsequent
examination or renewal the board may give such credit for institute
or summer school attendance as it may determine, any rule adopted to
apply equally to all similar cases. [31 G. A., ch. 122, § 22.]

Sec. 2738. Normal institutes — adjournment of schools — attendance
— lectures — funds — reports — summer schools^ — fees. That the law as
it appears in section twenty-seven hundred thirty-eight, supplement to
the code, 1907, as amended by chapter one hundred thirty of the acts
of the thirty-fourth general assembly, be and the same is hereby repealed
and the following enacted in lieu thereof:

The county superintendent shall hold annually at least one, but not
more than two, county teachers' institutes at such times as the schools
of the county are generally in session ; and shall, with the concurrence
of the superintendent of public instruction, procure such assistance as
may be necessary to conduct the same.

The school board of every school district except in city independent
school districts where twenty-five or more teachers are regularly em-



28 SCHOOL LAWS OF IOWA

ployed, shall adjourn the school or schools of said district for not less
than two days in each school year in order to allow teachers to attend
county teachers' institutes held in the county, without loss of salary.
The county superintendent shall issue a certificate of attendance to
each teacher showing number of days of attendance at said institute,
and any teacher failing to attend said teachers' institute two days shall
forfeit his or her average daily salary for each day of non-attendance,
except when excused by the county superintendent for physical disa-
bility to perform his or her duties in the school room.

In city independent districts where twenty-five or more teachers are
regularly employed, the county superintendent shall co-operate with
the city superintendent in arranging for educational lectures relating
to the professional work of the teacher and to such matters of public edu-
cation as may best meet the needs of the teachers in such districts and
at such times as may be approved by the city superintendent and city
board of education, in so far as the condition of the county institute
fund shall permit. All arrangements concerning plans for professional
teachers' meetings in said city districts shall be subject to final approval
by the superintendent of public instruction. It shall be the duty of
teachers in said districts to attend said lectures and the county super-
intendent shall issue a certificate of attendance showing number of lec-
tures attended as provided by this act.

To defray the expenses of said teachers' institutes, in addition to the
fifty dollars received annually from the state and one half of all exam-
ination fees collected in the county, one hundred fifty dollars from the
general county fund shall be available for that purpose in counties hav-
ing a population of thirty thousand or less, which amount shall be ap-
propriated by the board of supervisors of such county at their January
session in each year, and in counties of over thirty thousand, two hun-
dred dollars shall be thus appropriated for such purpose.

No part of the county teachers' institute fund received from the
aforesaid sources may be used for any other purpose than to pay in-
structors, for special supplies needed in order to properly conduct said
teachers' institutes, for janitor service, and rent for building in which
to conduct said institute if necessary.

On the first secular day of each month, the county superintendent
shall transmit to the county treasurer all moneys received for examina-