Al. mil. mi Sniilli



..facing • -1



, betwe :: •
"



.betwe. n



paob

Ephraim II. Stelle between 738,780

ni;. Stelle "

"

ij

ind Van Dorn 761

niter '■•-

David W. King

Petei /.. Smith 7 I

Joaepk \ ii ii in

n i â–  ""â– '

nil, 765

-John II. Anderson

Edward Vail lai



Henry V. Voorheea

betwei i

Tunis Vim Camp

i i 769

si ii A Kevins tto

I l in nl 77U

Ahram Van Nest â–  771

ii. Voorhees Quid 772

772

Tunis ll. Jlvi'it Bu

.in s 11. Vim Cleef between 776, 777

l.inuii " 77",777

Edward T. Corwln 7'' I

luys 795

Quick ! "'■»■

David K. Aui.ii 7;i7

' I.

7 '-

John \.u. Doren 799

baac v. P. Hull 789

Peter B . Voiing 800

! V. I.. V.Kjrhoes between «HI, 801

Zachens Bergou " 800, 801

Peter 0. Von Aradale " 800,801

" 800,801

.ml

Andrew I. an-

Iloogland

Abraham \ . 1'. Staats 802

men fucing 804

i lull, .i: Moore " 812



Albert V.Oarrotaon

Stephen Ganitaon

James S.Garrntson >•'-<"



1..II SSI

.n.k

Peter A. V bees

William H. Gulick 830

631

Abraham .1 Suydam

V. V. I,. Nevlos f.,

. ins,

/ni'll

1 HI /.HI. II

-I '

850

850

' f.i.

Henry Duryea

San 1 Qlddea

Arclilbal i



10



CONTENTS.



ILLUSTRATIOITS.



ZHlTXIKrTIEIBIDOIN" COTXlsTTY-

PAGE

Outline Map of Hunterdon and Somerset Counties between 8, 9

Washington's Headquarters at Rocky Hill facing 79

Hunterdon County Court-House 202

Portrait of John N. Voorhees facing 211

E. P. Conkling " 213

" John Blane 224

LAMBERTVILLE.

Residence of A. H. Holcomhe facing 265

View of India-Rubber Works " 282

Portrait of Ashbel Welch " 2S9

" P. 0. Studdiford " 291

" Martin Coryell " 292

William McCready " 293

A.H.Holcombe " 294

" George H. Larison between 294, 295

" R. McDowell facing 295

C. Arnett 295

" James C. Weeden facing 296

John Sproat 297

BAKITAH.

View of Baptist Church, Flemington 319

Plan of Flemington in 1767 326

" " 1S12 329

Portrait of C. Bartles facing 338

" John C. Hopewell " 341

" Runkle Rea 342

" Peter I. Nevius facing 342

"WEST AMWELL.

Portrait of Cahel F. Fisher between 34S, 349

" Jacob Reed " 348,349

EAST AMWELL.

Portrait of Cornelius W. LariBon facing 366

" James S.Fisher 367

" A. T.Williamson 308

Nathan Stout 308

William B. Prall 369

DELAWARE.

Portrait of Joseph Williamson 388

" Andrew Larason 388

" Benjamin Larison between 388, 389

Residence of Benjamin Larison " 388,389

Portrait of E. P. Tomlinson 380

" Isaac S. Cramer facing 390

" Joshua Primmer 391

KINGWOOD.

Portrait of WcsloyBollis facing 403

" John Kuglor 404

FRANKLIN.

Besidonce of John Willson faciDg 132

Portrait of Hiram Deata " 441

" Daniel Littlo " 443

Asa McPherson 443

" Asa Case 444

LEBANON.

Viow of Old Mount Lebanon Methodist Church 450

" the Old Eight-Square School-House 453

Portrait of Daniel F. Bcatty faring 464

" Cornelius Stewart 450

" Nathan Lanco 450

William \V. Swayze facing 457



BETHLEHEM. pAGE

Portrait of Sylvester H. Smith facing 407

Howard Servis 408

Samuel Creveling, Sr between 468, 469

" Samuel Creveling, Jr " 468,469

" W. S. Creveling " 408,409

Martin H. Creveling " 408,469

" John C. Wene facing 469

David F.Wene '. 409

William Tinsman 470

" Joseph W. Willever between 470, 471

Residence of Joseph W. Willever " 470, 471

" W.H.Drake " 470,471

Portrait of W. R. Little " 470, 471

Portraits of Moses Robins and Wife " 470, 471

TEWKSBURY.

Portraits of Nathan and Andrew Schuyler facing 4S0

Portrait of Robert Craig " 4S4

" Samuel W. Salter " 485

READINGTON.

Portrait of John Kline facing 603

" J. N.Pidcock " 604

" B.A.Watson " 505

Portraits of Isaac Rowe, David M. Kline, L. B. Kline " 500

Portrait of Albert Shannon „ " 607

UNION.

Portrait of F. A.Potts facing 519

" William Egbert 520

" Edward A. Rockhill 521

" Charles Carhart facing 522

" Joseph King 523

J.B.Probasco 624

HIGH BRIDGE.

Portrait of Jacob Cregar 531

" David Neighbour... facing 632

CLINTON.

Portrait of Robert Van Amburgh facing 540

" Jonathan Dawes..... â–  " 541

" John Grandin 642

John F. Grandin 542

" Joseph Fritts 643

SOMEESET GOTJlsTTY.

Map of Land Patents North Half of Somerset County facing 502

View of Somerset County Court-House " 568

Portrait of Frederick T. Frelinghuyson " 588

" Joseph Thompson 690

Alvah A. Clark Ml

Join, Schorap f " c '"K > m

" W. H. Merrill °°1

PoterTon Eyck facing 002

CM. Field " 504

" Daniel Porter 608

BRIDGEWATER.

Viow of First Reformed Church 070

Portrait of Abraham Messier facing 070

" Joshua Doughty " 680

" E. S. Doughty " 681

" James S. Davenport 089

John R.Emory facing 092

" Aaron V. Garretaon • 093

" S. C. Troutman facing 094

" John Van Derveor 695

" David Dunn 096



CONTENTS.



11



PAOK

Portrait of Abram J. Powelson 097

" George UcBrlde

" William Uodgo 698

" Henry ii. stunts between

" D. P. Konyon "

" A. n. Brokaw " > -

" JohnWhltenack " |

" Georgo Lano 099

BEDMINSTEE.

i W. A. Mi Dowoll r,,

A. W. MoDowell

" Peter. .'. Lane '.

" John Q. Si homp 730

" Cv7.Bi homp m

" Win. It. nth 7:1

" Jolin McDuwoll 732

" M 'i tie

11111 between

" \v. a. Van Dorn I.,,

" Abraham Smith 7.:t

BEENAHD.

Fortran "f Ephralm It. Stella between 738, 739

" O.B. Stelle •■

I'' "•'» Stelle •'

" Jee. I'. Goitre i .

" Ferdinand VanDorn 7M

" facing 752

" David W.King »

" Peter Z.Smith ■• ;■ i

" Joa. Annln i . .

" Thoe. Holmes «

" John n. indi i >n fa. In

" leaiah Smith

" I 'I"" 1 " 1 ' ail

BBANCHBUBG.

P nil "i Calvin Corli racing 706

" Henry V. Voorheea " 71:7

" A.Fleming ,

" Tunis Van Cam] «

" JameaTen Eyck iqq

" Sii Netful • 770

Isaac Di nt

" a. Van Nest 771

" (I. V. Quick 772

" P. Q. Schomp fusing 7~^

" Tunis D. Myers " 773

HILLSBOROUGH.

Map of Early Purchases, S< irsel County r,

■ \ •- 77,,

I â– ' phH.VanCleel between 770, 777



PAOE

Portrait of I'. N. It. â– . t.inau between 778, 777

" Edward T. Corwln facing 794

" Abraham Van Maya

" Peter 0. Quick fai .

" David K. Auten

" Jacob I'ilis 79s

Potei I'. Quick

" John Van Doren " 799

" Isaac V*. n. Hall 800

" l''i'i w. \..mig facing BOO

1 I between 800, 801

" " " 800,801

" " 800,801

" " 800,801

" a 1 Soaglond " 800,801

" "I facing 801

" ' rl 801

A. \ . |i. Staatz

FEANKLIN.

Benjamin It. Bageman facing 804

" Peter A. Voorheei " gil

" 1 8|2

" Peter S 1 1 1 • .11 facing -il

â–  â– -â– ii

Portrait "f Albert \

" - 1 " 824 825

" - Jami i S. Garretaon

" Jacob Wyckoll fa u

" Potei Wyi kofl

'* Joalah Schanck

William H.Gulick a-10

" i Barcal iw

Aii in ,1 Suydam 882

" 1' \. I.N" in raving 833

1 \ in- » 033

' % 833

MONTGOMEBY.

' . 1 . facing 837

" hi. I « 838

John Van /ali'lt

1 1. 'It fa. i



" David ". \ .a 1 1. â– <-...*.

" ' nt 85o

" I.aur.-i faring 850

" Henry Duryeo

WAEBEN.

|a

NOETH PLAINFIELD.

lacing 800



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<- ■•■

S 8 U R,'*Y iT
















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CO



HISTOKY

OF

HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES,



NEW JEESEY.



cir A PTEE I.

DISCOVERY AND OCCUPATION OF NEW
NETHERLANDS.

Early Nartgaton Rendrlck Hudson— Ttao "Half-Moon" The United
Now Netherland Company— ColoDlzatioD by tin- Dutch and Do
M-'V and ]•■■ \ rleft— Sir Eklmnnd Ployden.

[t ia unnecessary, and wholly beyond the scope of
these local annals, to narrate the story, which is famil-
ial to every reader of history, of the voyages made
l>\ the Bret and other early discoverers of the islands
:hh1 coasts of America — the Northmen, Columbus,
Vespucci, and ol her — down to the time when 1 tenry
Hudson entered and explored the noble baj and river
which form a pari of New Jersey's eastern boundary.

Of that enterprising navigator -I Cudson — very little

is known, except that he was a native of England, a

friend of John Smith, the 6 der ol' Virginia ; that

in his youth he received a thorough maritime educa-
tion and in later years became a distinguished mariner
ami discoverer. In L607 tie- London Company in-
trusted him with the i- nand of an expedition com-
missioned io discover a shorter p i bins
During L607 and 1608 Hudson made two voj
this company in search of the "Norfhwesl Ps
after which, the company discontinuing further efforts
in that di reel inn, be turned bis attention towards Hol-
land.

Che celebrated truce between the Dutch and Span-
iards had about this time been completed, and the
I miiii, a rising maritime power, became ambitious of

Conquest in America. Hudson applied to the Dutch

Bast India Company. The directors of the Zealand
department opposed the Englishman's proposals, but
ih, Amsterdam Chamber encouraged the enterprise,

and furnished for this important voyage a yacht

or "Vlie-boat" called "di Haive-Maan,"- "Half-



Moon/' This vessel I he company. She

was "i eight; tons' burden, and was equipped for the
voyage bj a crew of twenty sailors, partly Dutch and
parti] English. The command was intrusted to Hud-

BOn, and a Dutch " nndi r-chippcr." Or mate, wa-

second in c and. Tin- "Half-Moon" left Am-
sterdam mi the Ith day of April, 1609, ami on the
6th left iln' Texel. Hudson doubled the ('ape of

.Norway on the 5th of May. but found the sea SO full

of ice that he was obliged to change his course.

Early in July, after cruising around farther north,

Hudson arrived on the banks of Newfoundland, where
he was becalmed long enough to catch mure cod than
his " small store of salt could cure." He next went
west into the Penobscot, where he remained a week
cutting timber for a new foremast. He then shaped
his course to the southward and entered the Chesa-
peake Bay. He soon after anchored in Delaware
Bay. Leaving the Delaware, he proceeded along the
coast t" the northward, following the eastern Bhore of

\ i w Jer8ey, and finally anchored inside of Sandy
- pt. 8, 1609.

i in tin 5th of September (as appears from his jour-
nal Hudson -'Hi his boat ashore for the purpose of
sounding the waters lying to the south, in the vicinity
ofwhatisnowknownasthe"! [orse-ahoe." " Here the
boat's cr.w landed and penetrated Bome diatom
thew Is, in the present limits of Monmouth County,"

of this State. "They "ere very well received by the

natives, who presented them very kindly with what

the journal calls ' green tobaCCO,' and also with ' dried

currants' I probably whortleberries), which were repre-
sented a- having been found in great plenty and of
.cellent quality.
■•(in the 6th of September, Hudson -cut a boat

manned with live hand- to explore what appeared to

be the mouth oi' a river, at the distance of about four



10



HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY.



leagues from the ship. This was, no doubt, the strait
between Long and Staten Islands, generally called
' the Narrows.' Here, the writer of the journal ob-
serves, ' a good depth of water was found,' and within
a large opening, and a narrow river to the west ; in
which it is evident he refers to what is now called the
Kills, or the channel between Bergen Neck and Staten
Island. In exploring the bay and the adjacent waters
the boat's crew spent the whole day. On their way
in returning to the ship, towards night, they were at-
tacked by the natives in two canoes. A skirmish en-
sued, in which John Colman was killed by an arrow,
which struck him in the throat, and two more were
wounded. The next day the remains of Colman were
interred on a point of land not far from the ship,
which from that circumstance received the name of
Colman's Point, and which probably was the same
that is now called Sandy Hook."

Subsequently, Hudson sailed through the Narrows
and up the river which bears his name, exploring it
as far as Albany.* Returning, he came out of the
river October 4th, and without anchoring in the bay
proceeded directly to Europe. He says in his journal :

" The fourth was faire weather, and the wind at north-north-west.
We weighed and came out of the Riuer into which we had runne so
farre. Within a while after, we came out also of The great, mouth of the
great Jtiuer that runneth up to the north west, borrowing vpou the north-
ern side of the same, thinking to haue decpe water; for wee had sounded
a great way with our boat at our first going in, and found seuen, six, and
five fathomes. So we came out that way, but we were decerned, for
we had but eight foot and an halfe water; and so to three, five, three, and
two fathomes and an halfe. And then three, foure, fiue, sixe, seven, eight,
nine, and ten fathomes. And by twelue of the clocke we were cleere of
all the inlet. Then we took in our boat, and set our mayne sayle and
sprit sayle, and our top sayles, and steered away east-south-east, and
south-east by east, off into the mayne sea; and the land on the souther
Bide of the bay or inlet did beare at noone west and by south foure
leagues from vs.

" The fifth was faire weather, and the wind variable between the north
and the east. Wee held on our course south-east by east. At noone I
observed and found our height to be 39 degrees 30 inin., our compasse
varied sixe degrees to the west.

"We continued our course toward England, without seeing any land by
the way, all the rest of this moneth of October. And on the seuenth
day of Nouember, Blilo Hoar, being Saturday, by the grace of God, we
safely arrived in the Range of Dartmouth, in Devonshire, in the yeere
1609."

This discovery gave the Dutch at once an entrance
into the heart of the American continent, where the
best furs could be procured without interruption from
the French or English, both of which nations claimed
this territory. Nor were the Dutch slow in availing
themselves of this golden opportunity. "In 1610 it
appears that at least one ship was sent hither by the
East India Company for the purpose of trading in
furs, which it is well known continued for a number
of years to be the principal object of commercial at-
traction to this part of the New World. Five years
after Hudson's voyage a company of merchants, who
had procured from the States-General of Holland a



* He explored the river, according to his own account, a distance of
fifty-three leagues from its mouth.



patent for an exclusive trade on Hudson's River, had
built forts and established trading-posts at New Am-
sterdam (New York), Albany, and the mouth of the
Rondout Kill. The latter was a small redoubt, on
the site of what is now a part of the city of Kingston,
N. Y. It was known as the ' Ronduit,' from whence
comes the name of Rondout."f The fort near Albany
was upon Castle Island, immediately below the pres-
ent city, and the one at New York was erected on
what is now the Battery.

On the 11th of October, 1614, the " United Com-
pany" of merchants, above referred to, received their
special grant. This conferred upon Gerrit Jacob
Witsen, former burgomaster of the city of Amster-
dam, and his twelve associates, ship-owners and mer-
chants of Amsterdam, the exclusive right to " visit
and navigate all the lands situate in America be-
tween New France and Virginia, the sea-coasts of
which lie between the fortieth and forty-fifth degrees
of latitude, which are now named New Netherlands,
and to navigate, or cause to be navigated, the same
for four voyages within the period of three years, to i
commence from the 1st day of January, 1615, or
sooner." Having thus obtained the exclusive right to
trade in the new country, they assumed the name and
title of "The United New Netherland Company."
This company took possession of the Hudson River,
then called by them " De Riviere van den Vorst Mau-
ritius," and carried forward their enterprise with
commendable zeal. The Hollanders were a trading
people, and their bartering- or trading-posts were es-
tablished at points which were natural outlets for all
the trapping regions tributary to the Hudson. This
led in a short time to the settlement of those points.
Determined upon the settlement of a colony, the
States-General in 1621 granted the country to the
West India Company ; and in the year 1625, Peter
Minuet arrived at " Fort Amsterdam" as the first Gov-
ernor or director.:):

The first emigrants under Minuet appear to have
been from the river Waal, in Guelderland, and, un-
der the name of " Waaloons," founded the first per-
manent settlement beyond the immediate protection
of the cannon of Fort Amsterdam. They settled at
Brooklyn, opposite New York, and were the first who
professionally pursued agriculture.?



f Broadhead'B Hist, of New York, vol. i. p. 7.

JHist. and Antiq. of the Northern States (Barber), p. CO.

I At this poriod the English government seoms to have been indiffer-
ent concerning the continued occupation of the Dutch. The only meas-
ure adopted to effect their removal was the issuing of a grant, June 21,
1G34, to Sir Edmund Ployden for the land they occupied. It conferred
upon Sir Edmund the country between Capo May and Long Island
Sound, for forty leagues inland. This track was erected into a free
county-palatine by the naino of New Albion, and over it, with the title
of " Earl Palatine," l'loydon was mado governor, ho having, as it is
stated,— although the fact may well bo doubted,—" amply and copiously
peopled the same with five hundred persons." Ho, however, visited
the province, and resided therein sevon years, exercising his office as
governor ; but, although ho may have assumed, on paper, bis rights as
lord of tho soil by granting to various individuals largo tracts of land,



INDIAN OCCUPATION.— TIIK OKHilXAL PEOPLE.



11



Meanwhile, a number of I lanes or Norwegians, who
accompanied the Dutch colonists to New Netherlands,
had effected a settlement at Bergen, so called from a

city of that name in Norway. This was about the
year 1618. In b>- : '> the- West India Company dis-
patched a ship loaded -\\ i 1 1 1 settlers, Mib.-istence, and
articles of trade. The vessel was commanded by
Cornelius Jacobus Mey. II.- entered Delaware Bay,
and gave his own Dame to its northern cape, which it
tains, ('ape May. He explored the bay and
the river, and at length landed and built a fori upon
a stream called by the natives SiMarton (now Timber
Creek), which empties into the Delaware below ( lam-
den. The fortification was called "Fort Nassau," and
its erection may be considered as the first attempt to
ilish a settlement on the eastern shore of the
Delaware.*
In the winter of 1630-31 , 1 lavid Pietersen I >e Vries,

in command of a vessel, arrived in the Delaware, but
found that Fort Nassau had fallen into the hands
of the Indians. He erected a fort, colonized his
new settlers, ami returned to Holland. During his
ali-! ace a feud arose with one of the native tribe,
which terminated in the massacre of all the colonists.
De Vries returned si. on after with a new company,
and. while he mourned tic loss ,>f his former com-
panions, In- narrowly escaped a similar fate, lie was
saved by the kindness of an Indian woman, who in-
formed hi in that treachery was intended, but, "<lis-
heartened by repealed disasters, the Dutch soon after
abandoned the country, and for some years not a single
European was left upon the shores of the Delaware.'' f



C II A PT 1:1: I I.



INDIAN OCCUPATION.-THE ORIGINAL
PEOPLE.

Tho Algonquin Nation— The Delaware*, or Lennl-Lenape— The "Tur-
tle," "Turkey," unil " Wolf tiil»s— Trii.lltions ns to tho Origin ..fill..

Deli nree — Hounds and Remains— Indian Title Ut Lands In Hunter-
don and Somerset — Indian ratlin, etc.

W ii in the firsl white explorers penetrated into the
valleys of the Delaware and Hudson Rivers they
found these, with all the country lying between them,

as « ell as the entire area now i iprised in the state.

of \c» York and Pennsylvania, peopled by aborig-
inal tribes of the Algonquin stock, and embraced in
two nations, or groups of nations, called bj Eu-
ropeans the Iroquois and the Delawares, the former

having been so named by thl I ri ni b and the latter



It la doubted thai nia authority was o»or eelabllshed OT»r the few In-
habitants that then dwelt within the lime- . ranting

those wl ie have come over with him. There waa,ho«

n to " New VI Won" u late at II D H
under lAe ;

i in thin "Hi irdli Collection of State Papon," ml. I. p. 160.]
ii. i . ill, How Jer, 1844, p. 11.
f Barber's Hist, Ooll ol \. J.



by the English. The language -p. .ken by both these
peopli was the Algonquin, but differed materially in

dialect. The nation to which the white- gave the
name of Delawares was known in the Indian tongue

a~ the I.enni l.eiiap.'-. or simply the Lenapfe; the
[roquois were in the same tongue called the Mi
which name became corrupted by the more ignorant
white men into Mingoes, which la-t term was adopted
to -nine extent by the Delaware- in its contemptuous
application to their Mengwe neighbors, between
whom and themselves feelings of detestation and

hatred existed to no small degree.

The .Mengwe or [roquois inhabited the territory ex-
tending from the shores of Lake Erie to those of
Champlain and the Hudson River, and from the head-
waters of the Delaware, Susquehanna, and Allegany
Rivers northward i.. Lake < Intario, and they even oc-
cupied a large scope of country north of the St. Law-
rence, thus holding not only the whole of the State of
New York, but a part of Canada, which vast territory
they figuratively styled their "long council-house,"
within which the place of kindling the grand eouncil-

Grewas I Inondaga, not far from the- present cityofSyra-
cuse, and at that place, upon occasion, representatives

of all the Mengwe tribes met together in solemn de-
liberative council. These tribes consisted of the Mo-
hawks, Senccas, Cayugas, I inondagas, ami Oneidas,

who collectively for 1 an offensive and defensive

confederation, which has usually been known in Eng-
lish annals nv thai of the five Nations. X

The Mohawks occupied the country nearest the

Hudson River, and held the post "I honor as the

guardians of the eastern entrance of the "long

house." The Senecas, who were the most numerous,

. in mctie, and warlike of the five tribes, defended the
western portal of the "house," while the Cayugas
were the guardians of the southern border of the
Iroquois domain, — the frontier of the Susquehanna
and Delaware valleys. The ( raeida tribe was located

along the shores of Lake ( lutario, and the ( Inondagas,
occupying a large territory in the central portion of

the present State of New York, kept watch and

ward over the council-place and lire of the banded

Mengwe.

The league of the Irmplois nations had been formed

— at a date which no Indian chronology could satis-
factorily establish— for the purpose of mutual defense
against the LenapS ami other tribes contiguous to

them; and by means of this confederation, which
the) kept up ill g 1 faith and in perfect mutual ac-
cord, they were not only enabled SUCCessfullj to repel

all encroachments upon their own territory, but after

a time to invade thai of other nations, and to carrv
the terror of their arms southward to the ( 'a;



J At a lator period — eoon after the t -.f the eighteenth

century- ,um1 and

driven away trom their hunting-grounds in the luroHuas, migrated

northward and a nMemay, which

fell. Ii. .: - ".



12



HUNTERDON AND SOMERSET COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY.



and Tennessee Rivers, westward beyond Lake Michi-
gan, and eastward to the shores of the Connecticut.

The Delawares — the Indian people with which this
history has principally to deal — occupied a domain
extending along the sea-shore from the Chesapeake to
the country bordering Long Island Sound. Back from
the coast it reached beyond the Susquehanna valley
to the foot of the Allegheny Mountains, and on the
north it joined the southern frontier of their domi-
neering neighbors, the hated and dreaded Mengwe or
Iroquois. This domain, of course, included not only
the counties of Somerset and Hunterdon, but all of
the State of New Jersey.

The principal tribes composing the Lenni LenapS or
Delaware nation were those of the Unamis or Turtle,
the Unalachtgo or Turkey, and the Minsi or Wolf.
The latter, which was by far the most powerful and
warlike of all these tribes, occupied the most northerly
portion of the country of the Lenape and kept guard