me uito judgment with thee?

. 4 Who c^n bring a clean thing out of i^i uncl^w? no^^one.

5 Seeing his days are determined, the number of his months art
with thee; thou hast appointed his bounds that he cannot pass:

6 Tjirp frpiii hifn ^ he aaay re^ tUl he ^ai| ficc^mpUsh, .^ ^
hirelingt hi» day.

7 Forthere is hope of a tree, if it be cut down, that it wiH sprout
again, and that the tender branch thereof will i)Qt cea»^»

8 TMugh i^ roQi Oiffreof wax old in the earth, and the stock
thereof die in the ground:

9 Yet thtough the scent of water it will bud, and bring fbrth boughs
like a plant.

10 But man dieth and wasteth away; yea^ man givetb up the ghost,
and where ia he?

1 1 ^1 the waters fell froiti the sea, and the flood decayed ^d clr^th
j up; ^ â– â– 

1 â–  " ' I I 1 .1 f i I â–  I â– ! 1. I ^ . â–  I , I. I . . I I I , 1

rVO $0 cut off, Tj[? y^f, fMW^ to ^attfy, •)Sn tofiaaa on, in Hipb. to re-
new. npr and pjr a sprout, or Pmg^ fsot^ pr to mck. bin to ceaae,

#. ip to gro^ old, Bnar a i^of, to take rooh or rot>t vfi. W (fH^f*
no to die. yu a aPumfi or Mtifck^ to cut, off,

9. TT^ the inhaling qfvegetablety by pteana ^ their tuies^ of nutritive
tnoieturcy ivUfXi nn to inspire^ XV^ to firoduccj to germinate. n»5^ to
make. YSfp a branchy from "l^fp to cut short, j^iafilant, to plant.

10. 'XX^ a man^ to be strong. HD to die. vhn to be weak. y\X to ex-
> fitre. tnn V. I,

I 1 l.,Sm to depart. 0^ the sea, ]^ur.D'D> seas. pT witjx formative. D'D
in reg. '»D imters. tM a river, tojlovf. atn to waste^ to be diminished.
erX to become drif.

3E



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onDtB^ ♦fiVa Hf Dip^ t<bi nDr tt^m :B^:t^



12



Swtjfa iiT « tDnaro ny* t<Vi ix*p^ kV i^-

nijTH oiHi >npn ^ns^n r<n nv '-'n^ *^
Kb •floon ♦Tvif nny ^3 :f\D3n in^ ntpj^D^ ^^
V?fiBm vtJ^fl nnxa Dnn rnNen Hy motwi^^
pny^ mm "-nn* Scu nn d'twi ^Jiy ^**

TSnn maS inopnn :mnMn uniK mpm n«^°
jrp kVi vn nay JTnnWni vjfi niiwj^^
any vby rw:i ih tiob ta^ t^^ji nyjw^V

;Va»n 1% WW!

12. 33» to lie down. ISp to riae. ^nS^ nor, from nSa /o wear out-
tym the keavena^ fvoniWtofilace. Yp" to avfake^ -perhsps the root is
yp to /utraae, ip to raiae ufi, of rouae. T\ZW alee/ij from {17" to aleefi.

13. {Tl) to give. Swsr ro aaXr. \Bt tp hide, nnb ^o hide.^p to turn avfoy-
«JR heat J from TlflK /o ^e vmrm, r^ toMfifioint. pn an ordinance j a act
time J iafilaee^ to dejine. "tDI tp remember.

14. m to die. 'yil to be atrofig^aman. rvr\ to Hve. UV dny. H33f io
war. hrv to wait* K3 to come or go. *)Sn to change,

15. ^ to call. nJiJ? /O anawer. twy to wbrk. hT /o cfl*^ o«/. *p3 ^
desire.

16. n;? frmff. ^J^ /o «/eyi. "tSO to number. "IDB^ /o obaerve.

lY. Onn ro aeal. y\^ to bind up. clOaely^ q, bundle. ]^B topaaa^ a trans-
greaaion. hutS to aew ufi. \)J^ iniqmtyy from TX\y to pervert.

18. dSw yet^ from dSk to comfireaa. T\ a mountain^ £rom T)in tofiro-
tuberate. htl to fall. Saa to wear away. *ri to bind^ a hard atone. pH? ^°
removctssyo afilaceyifom.^ to atand*



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12 So man tieth down, and riseth not: till the heavens be no more
thejr shall not awake, nor be raised out of their sleep.

IS Oh that thou wonldest hide me in the grave> that thou wouldest
keep me secret until thy wrath be past, that thou wouldest appoint
me a set time, and remember me!

14 If a man die, shall he live agidn? All the days of my appointed
time will I wait, till my change come.

15 Thou Shalt call and I will answer thee: thou wilt have a desire
to the work of thine hands.

16 For now thou numberest iny steps; dost thou not watch over
my sin?

17 My transgression is sealed up in a bag, and thou sewest up mine
iniquity.

18 And surely the mountain falling Cometh to nought, and the
rock is removed out of his place.

19 The waters wear the stones; thou washest away the things which
grow out of the dust of the earth; and thou destroyest the hope of
man.

20 Thou prevailest for ever against him, and he passeth: thou
changest his countenance, and sendeth him away.

2 1 His sons come to honour, and he knoweth it not: and they are
brought low, but he perceiveth it not of them.

22 But his flesh upon him shall have pain, and his soul within Kim
shall mourn.

19. |3« a atonc^ from n33 to build, Wi\(f to wear. W Bca, ^'V to over*
Jlov>* n^dD vxhat adhercBy from ndD to urate, "^ duet. pK the earthy
from p to ruuy or crush. nip to stretch tofoard$. 0}t^ to be infirm. n3K
to destroy* 4

20. «)pn tofirevaiL mfJ beyond^ continuance.'^ to go. n^ to change,
rfw to send away.

21. 13D to honour. ni3 to build. jH" to know, "^^t to be mean, p to
divide^ to understand,

23. •]« ytt indeedy from r03 to strike. ^Iti fleshy to sfiread, afcO to
pain. Mi to breathe. S3K to mourn.



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JOB XV.

t

mh niv* Dsnn tnoKn ♦iD»nn td^^h tvn ». 2
p30» kS "ima n3in jwdji onp j^'jd*) nn 3

Tfl T3W 'l'?**' 's J'"^ *ic^ nrrr snam 5
♦3K K*?! Tfi Tvnn» :Drany pte^*? nnani «
♦3fiV^ n^in Ditt x)mKr\r\ :*p liy^ T/iDen i^
yh» vwn yoB'n m'jK iioan tthhrt nwaj«
wn i3Dy ttbi X2n jHi ti^i tot no tnosn*
aD*D» t^«o nas ua r»B^ Oi nr Di «

' : '; s,._; — -

4. rw;^ ?o fliwn^er. Videch. ii. 11.

2. tDTl /o *e f«»f , madom, t)^ knowledgd from jH" to kn<m. XVh
wind. kSo to JUL D^p ro jro ^^^9 antiquity^ the eoMt^ he&ce 0*np the
etfBt vfind^ s^d also the ea^t, ]D3 /A^ ^r//y.

3. W ^0 demonatrute. 121 to afieak. po to fir^t, *7D to ttrtkttkUiBm
^ ro benefit.

4. na /o disaifiate. VtV tof^. yyi to withhold^ or diminiah, XXTCItf deefr
meditation^ from fW to bow. 0^3D thejaee^ from HJfi ro rum. ^ xiir /»-
terfioaevy Gody to interfioae.

5. *^Sk ro leady teach, pj; ini0dtt/y from n^ ro fiervert. HD in rtgim.
'a /Af mo«/A. "^na to chooae. prS Me tongue^ from b6 /o /biwirf, or rnwcf.
UV^ aubtle, also wfie | from in;^ nakedf active,

6. ym ro df ttn/2M/, in Hiph, ro condemn, tmdisr the Mfia^ frt>m nW
ro cruahi a Hfi. ty}p to reply*

7. \WW^firiorift!ommri the beginning. OIK •itoft, ma», from Hurt



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221



JOB XV.



1 THEN ansmsred Eiiphaz the TemwHte^ and said,

2 Should a mrise man utter vain knowledge/ and fill his belly with
the east wind?

3 Skhould he reason wkh uhprdfitable talk? or with sp^eched where-
with he can do nof^ood?

4 Yea, thou castest off fear, and restrainest prayer beTore God.

5 TPor thy mouth uttcJrfc^h thinfc iniquity, and thou ^iiooiiest ^
^ngue <tf ttte crafty.

6 Thine own mouth condemneth thee, and not I: yea, thine own
Kps testify against thee.

7 Jlrt thou the tir&t roan 4hat was bom? Qt wast thou made be^re
the hills?

8 Hast thou heard the secret of God? and dost thou restrain wis-
dom to thyself?

9 What knowest thou, that \re know not? w^z/ understandest thou,
which t> not in us?

lO With us are both the gti^-headed and very aged men, much
elder than thy ^ther.



to duiid. *lS' to beget ^ bear^ or be bom, tl'V^faces^ from HJ© to turn,
njf3Jl a mountain, SSn to bring forth^ from Sn to often.

^. nio and no a eicret. mSx Park, supposes refers to the Redteiner^
Staring the curae^ hSk to curse^ but rather from 7]ht( Arab, to reve-
rence, pnw to hear. jHJi to nvithhold. D3n to M vise.

9. no and "D whoy or what. );T to know, p to divide^ understand.
pjy wi/A, fieofde,

10. d:i a/«o, abtmdaneej 3(7 fo return^ to be oid^old, VHtT and^Wir^ very
old. T3D abundant y from 1013 to multiply* ^Hafathef^ from H^K to take
pleaaurt in. Dr day.



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222

*ysf wh nmi Vjk moimn -pD o»on w
n»B^n o iTi'v i^n» nisi naS "inp* s^o ^^» '^
eni« n» Jr'jo Too rwinm imi ^k Ski*

♦V VDB^ ^^mt :nSw d»03 nrw «^« n^wi »''

kVi n«n nim onaS orh JonuKP iina w

vima Dnnft ^ip jrHj?*? lifiVi dob^ ifiDD^si

5n» rpt» DnSV «in mi pin ♦Vh tnn "isin 23
npixDi n*i innya* na'n ov n^ p3i o 34



11. e;^ *mallt to be dininUhed. niDirun con»olatiim», from OTO (•
cmnfort. 13T to »ft*ak. ovh to lie hid.

12. ntsS to take. 3S lA« A«arl. on to 6e contracted, to mnJi.

IS. 2ff to return, antwer. KT to^o out. rtfl /A« mouth. So ro •/kca;^.
u. n3i<o*cyktt«. fnx »7K«ft'^. nV <od**or«. ^ .

15. vnp (0 tanctify. Vide ch. t. }. pK to be steady, in H^h. to be-
Ueve. rat to be dean. ,

16. 3JIM1 to loathe, in Niph. fe be abominable. nStin Kiph., to be cor-
rupt' nni9 (0 drink, Thf to ascend, ofiflress.

n.rmto declare, ym to hear. n?n to see, IflO to relate.

{8. tun to be wise. Hi to tell, "VO to conceal. SMver. 1.0.

19. 12S apart, from 13 alone. {W /o give, "py /o /te«» oner.' "W m
stranger, to be strange, "jin the midst, from "jn rt be within.



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2S3

11 4i^ the consolations of €rod small with thee? is there any secret
Uiing with thee?

12 Why doth thine heart carry thee away? and what do thy eyes
wink at,

13 That thou tumest thy spirit against God^ and lettest Buch words
go out of thy mouth?

14 What U man, that he should be clean? and he v)hich is born of
a woman, that he should be righteous?

15 Behold, he putteth no trust in his saints;' yea, the heavens are
not clean in his sight:

1 6 How much more abominable and filthy is man, which drinketh
iniquity like water?

17 1 will show thee, hear me; and that which I haye seen I will
declare;

18 Which wise men have told from their fathers and have not hid
it:

19 Unto whom alone the earth was given> and no stranger passed
among them:

20 The wicked man travaileth with pain all his days, and the num« .
ber of years is hidden to the oppressor.

2 1 A dreadful sound is in his ears: in prosperity the destroyer shall
cotte upon him.

22 He beiieveth not that he shall return out of darkness, and he is
waited for of the sword.



20. ^yvty to be unjttst^ hhn in Hithp. to torment oneself. "TSD to nuni'
her.rm to repeat. \Q^ to hide. XV to agitate.

21. nna to shqkej to fear, {m to iveigh^ an ear. TUSr to break in fUeees.
lO to come.

22. IDK in Hiph. to believe. ^\et to return. IDV one watched for^ from
nfiX to watch, ann to destroy.

23. niJ to wander, urh to eat. tVi^ where^ from '« a settlement, p to
prepare, m^ to cast forth.

24. nP3 to terrify, iv to enclose, py iopre$9 down, ^pn to prevail,
iny to prepare. 'y)T2 an attack.



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224

♦ova ntnva vVm ht naan» nr Sw ^t^'

i»S ntff* vih D'na min33 ony pwn 6d3«
iVti Dip» wVinw* mV «3''?iS nnynn ntw"

iDv xVa tvniDn n»nn t*«B> o nvm m ^
noa to^a oon» tnaijn xb inasi t»4!?on3J
u^m TioSi »pn my o nnw nna nWn«i
OJM1 T** i'?*! ^^ fnn :irw '•VnM rtbass^

25; riCi to 9$reteh dust, tnur tofioury or ahed, ^Hl ta beatrimg,

26. p to tun. ""SUCH the neck, "^ajf thickne»9y from n3j^ ^o ^if thick, m
boaaesy from 3J a protuberance^ po a *^Wcf, from }1 to protect.

27. nop /o cover. "^Jut. XVTQjatn So3 ^Ae Idnay atrengthy atujuditi/,

38. JD» *o inhabit. O^jf « d/y, from V ^o «^»> «fA« ^fU)^© conceal, »
to ihAabit. nnjf ia Hith* to be ready, hi a heapy to roil together.

3ft» npy to be rich* Dp to atand* Vrr /o aW^f henp^ Sm atrenfihyn^
atancei.rv:)X to atretch o^ut. h}1^ petfectiony frpua n^i ifo complete*

flamey froiii W /o diaaobucy and 3nS aflame.

3 1 . IW vfltmVy . t^ ^o err. mian exphang^i fiom "^P? ^f f *a«r'

32. K'TD tofuyiL nsi fo *«id. pjH toflouriah.

33. DDTI /o ca«r otwiy. Jfli a vmr,^ from *p3 ^o atrike, ^3 ^» ^''•'^J^
5rra/rf . •}*>» ro caat away, m the oHve tree^ from W brightneea* tt6 '«
4hoot forth.



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J



225

23 He wandereth abroad for bread, sayings Where w it? he know-
eth that the daf of darkness is ready at his hand.

24 Trouble and anguish shall make him afraid; they shall prevail
ag^aiiist him as a king ready to the battle.

25 For he stretcheth out his hand against God, and strengtheneth
himself against the Aln^ighty.

26 He runneth upon him, even on hh neck, upon the thick bosses
of hi& bupklers^

27 Because he covereth his face with his fatnessy and maketh col-
lops of fat on his flanks.

28 And he dwelleth in desolate cities, and in houses which no* man
inhabiteth, which are ready to become heaps.

29 He shall not be rich, neither shall his substance continue, nei-
ther shall he prolong the perfection thereof upon the earth.

30 He abdl not depart out of darkness; the fiame shall (hy up his
branehes) md by the breath of his noouth »hall he go away.

3 1 LfCt not him that is deceived trust in vanity: for vanity shall be
his recompense.

32 It shall be accomplished before his time, and his branch i}m\l
not be green.

33 He shall shake off his unripe grape as the vine, and shall cast off
his dow;er as the oiive.

34 For the congregation of hypocrites shaH be desolate, and fire
shall consume the tabernacles of bribery.

35 They conceive mischief, and bring forth vanity, and their belly
prepareth deceit.



34. tn;? an assembly^ from l]y to aflfiointj or convene. *]an to be de-
filed. linSi 99litaryy from thl to mar aft together^ or from Sji a round
mass 9 and *^'0p to subHat; it ako signifies a rocky which is a sense of this
word in Arabic. it^^Jire. Sdk to eui. bnx to fiUeh a tent, niw to bribe.

35. mn to conceive. Sojf to toil. nS* to bear. JW vanity y from {» /a-
bour. |tD3 the belly. {3 to prepare. m^O frauds from HDI to firojecty r«
cheat.

2F



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226



JOB XVI.



'finio rn3*i nV«3 mTfot^ nD»n avit tyn».2
n»no» no w rrn naiV rpn JoaSa Soy a
w^ iS mantt D33 »i3K Di tnayn o*
D'VDa D3'Vy rn»amt ♦troi nnn oatt^fii
♦fi 102 Da^tDMtt i^trtn 1D3 D3»W ny»i«i 5

mo»n »i«Vn nny n» n'^n* ♦io no nSnnw 'f

V38f3 *Sy pTl ^iODtPn >^"ID IfiK jHiy^ ♦3fi3 ^

ncini Dn»S3 •'^y inys J**? wy entoS^ nif »<>
Sk Sk ♦iTJD^ jpttSDn* *Vy in* ♦ti^ wn »i
♦3-i£nBn ♦mn •»*?» vitsr avfttn n» Syi S»iy »2
13D' immb ^b *its^^ ^Wfiitfin /inya tn«i »3



1. ru;? to on«ww.

2. oni ft> comjbrt. hoy to labour.

3. rwp ro make an end. pft M be tCrong, in Hq>h. rt embolden.

4. iS O <Aaf, from mS ro ataoeiate. nnn inatead <tf, from nru *o «fff-
««nd. "On /oyom worA together, to conaockite. "JD W articulate, yi to
move. 1D3 withf 3 and 10 or no whoae.

5. yD« fo beatrong. Ti motion, from IJ to mcrve, ytm to rettrain.

6. 3tO <o gH«»*. Vm to ceaae, fm to go away.

7. nxS *o 6e weary. DD» ro 6c deaolate. Tj^ fo aaaemble.

8. OOP to wrinkle, ly to bear witnesa. Dp to mf . 'BTIS he that beUetk
nie. vrO to f ail qf truth, OT off aineatyUv.



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227



JOB XVI.

1 THEN Job answered and said,

2 I have heard many such things; miserable comfortets are ye all.

3 Shall vain words have an end? or what emboldeneth thee that
thon answerest?

4 I also could speak as ye do; if your soul were in my soul's stead)
I could heap up words against you, and shake mine head at you.

5 But! would strengthen you with my mouth, and the moving of
my lips should assuage your grief.

6 Though I speak, my grief is not assuaged; and though I forbear,
what am I eased?

7 But now he hath made me weary: thou hast made desolate all my
compaay.

8 And thou hast filled me with wrmkles, which is a witness against
me: and my leanness rising up in me beareth witness to my &ce.

9 He teareth me in his wrath) who hateth me: he gnasheth upon
me with his teeth; mine enemy winketh his eyes upon me.

10 They have gaped upon me with their mouth; they have smitten
me upon the cheek reproachfully; they have gathered themselves
toother against me.

1 1 Gk)d hath delivered me to the ungodly, and turned me over into
the hands of the wicked.

12 1 was at ease, but he hath broken me asunder: he hath also ta-

9. nfiK to heat, f\10 to tear. DDtfir to hate. pH to gna^h the teeth. }isr
a toothy from n^ to renew. IX an ofifiresaor^ to enclose. Wt:h to whetj to
stare.

10. "U^a to often. *^'Tn to reproach. HDJ to strike, Th tht under jaw-
ione^ from fh smooth, vhn to Jill, in Hithp. to glut oneself.

11. •WD ro shut tt/i, in Hiph. to give up. S^V an oppressor, from mV
to ascend. \SX to turn over,

12. rhur to be at ease. ISl^ to break in pieces. THK to lay hold^n. f\^
thenecky to fall in drops. yfiVfiJ to shatter into small pieces, of ySJ to
disperse. Dp to stand up. lOJ to watch, a mark.



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228

n»V Tflts^ ^bn^ t^i ^nvSa nSo* vn '^W
»Vy n* ns 'ifi ^ nu ♦Jinfi^ rrmo u

jmoVx WW Vsn ^33 OD mDnon /ifi ranp i«

nny dj rnpytb Dipo w S«i ♦on ^Dan i«
•n •if^So JD^noa nrym ny D^on nan 20
mS« Dy najb nan riv neSi m'jK Vk^i
mw vnK^ "iDoa mar o nponb dik pi 22

13. ao ta comfiaa9, 3^ ro 6e great or many, n^a fo cleave. ni^D Me
kidneyti from nSo ^o ftrepare. Son /o t/to(re. isr ^o /ionr out. ID <o dr

14, \na fo drMiE:. yi ro rttii. "UJi 7o ^e strongs hence *MaJ a strong
man.

IS.pV a sack. TSJI /o iew. ih^ the akin, ^p to cover. \lp hom^ glory ^
gray hairs.

16. nmon to be very f only or much disorder ed^ from *)Dn to disturb.
703 ro weeyi. WHyDy eye-Udsy from ^fijT to flutter.

17. DDH to force away. »p /Ae Aa/i(/. nSan firayerj from nSa /o «^a«
rare.

18. HDD ro cover. D1 ^/oocf, f^;om HD"! ro equalize^ p;W fo cry.



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229

ken me by my neck) and shaken me to pieces^ and set me up for his
maik.

1^ His archers compass me round about; he cleavelh my reins
asunderi and doth not spare: he poureth out my gall upon the
ground.

14 He breaketh me with breach upon breach: he runneth upon me
like a giant.

15 I have sewed sackcloth upon my skiUf and defiled my horn in
the dust.

16 My face is foul with weeping, and on mine eyelids is the sha*
dow of death;

17 Not for any injustice in my hands: also my prayer is pure.

1 8 O earthy coyer not thou my blood, and let my cry have no place.

1 9 Also now, behdd, my witness is in heaven, and my record is on
high.

20 My friends scorn me; but mine eye pourtth out tears unto
God.

2 1 Oh that one might plead for a man with God, as a mnnfileadeth
for his neighbour.

23 When a few years are come, then I shall go the way whence I
shall not return.



19. *lj; a vntness. *in9 to testify, D1 to be lifted ufi.

20. l^S to deride,^ Hp to feed together. «jSl to drofi^ or distil,

2\.X\T to reason or show, •laa to be strong.

23. n^r to re/ieat. 'UIO to number. nnM to approach. niK to go in a
track, air to return.



* << My witness is in heaven, and he who b conscious to my actions
on high ^in ^rSo my mediator (or advocate) my friend.'* Thus
X'hQ may come from f So and signify an intercessor.

The three other chapters promised in page 143 are omitted here
upon ^ presun^Hion that a suiBdency has been given.



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230



GENESIS I.



Dinn 'io Sy ^B«m inai mn nn*n nnm^'
nom :D»Dn »ifi '^jr nsmo d^Vk m-n^
rm tynhm Knn ^iw Tn iw ♦n^ dtiVs*:

>np TBTiS) ov •VtttV btiSk ^np*t n^wn^
nDK»i jnn« ov ipi ♦m aiy »nn nV?*

iBfK e^Dn rii y»pn^ nnno "iiyH D'on
y^pnS tynbm j»npn :p ♦rri y»p-»V ^ym
■jDMn :»itt^ Dv npa »nn anjr *nn pw»
opD S« D»Dtt^n nnno dw np* isvrh»
aTh» K^pn jp mn ntt^yn mnm tw"
D^» >np o*Dn mpDVi nn rwa*^

ns nav HD pr nr' jntD aw «8n n«n

rrov rm irn'oV >nr vntD aw Kts^n n«n

iD«»i w^bv D.V npa Nin any »m ''^ "



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231

bv yanh D^Dts^n v^pi:i m^vith vm tD^in 15

nay Dvn nWooS bun nwon n» o^bnjn
»^iDttn n«i nb»Sn rhvDth tepn Litton
^jr i»«nb DND»n yv'i^ DTib« Dn« inn ^^
ii»n ta Snanbi nV^Vai Dvi btwsVi tnttn i»



There is a considerable diversity among the modes of reading
without points. Some use, after every consonant not followed by a
long vowel, nor terminating a word, its own vowel; as e after Bethj
i after Gimelj a after Daletky 8cc. Others, instead of a short e, as re-
commended in the first of this book, supply an a^ sounded as in baf^
or Aalf, Others approximate^ as nearly as they can, the Masoretic
reading; with them \ff is sin or sfdn according to its pdint; Q is fihe
or fiy and n is th or t according as it is free ft*om, or includes a Da-
gesh, &c. Others combine as mimy consonants, both before and after
a long vowel, in the same syllaUe, as please their own ears, or are
manageable by their tongues. And men of every nation, mix the
sounds peculiar to their vernacular language with their Hebrew
learning. That every person may read according to his own method;
and also for the advantage of recitation, the above portion of a chap-
ter has been reprinted.



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THE following Grammar is Mr. John Parkhurst's, in which I have
made as few alterations as were consistent with the plan adopted. It
should be carefully read, and the numbers referred to in the notes
compared with it before the learner begins to construe and parse.

If the reader wish to consult other Hebrew grammars, he may in-
quire for those of Moses Kimchi, Elias Leyita, Dr. Bennet, the
Westminster Compendium, Dr. Grey, Dr. A. Bayley, Dr. C. Bay-
ley, R. Caddick, J. Robertson, J. G. Kals, J. A. Danzius, J. H. Zop-
fius, the Hebrew Grammar for Bythner's Lyra Prophetica, J. Bux-
torf and J. Leusden, P. Martinius, V. Bythner, John Taylor, &c. all
which are with the points.

Also for the grammars of Francis Masclef of Fans, 1731, Mr.
Pike, W. H. Barker of Carmarthen, Dr. C. Wilson of the Universi-
ty of St. Andrew's, J. W. Newton of Norwich, and John Smith of
Partmouth college, which are all without points.

Mr. Horwitz, a learned foreigner now in America, permits me to
say that he has also an English-Hebrew grammar; which is nearly
ready for the press. The highest expectations may be entertained by
the critical Hebrew scholar, from his uncommon proficiency in ori-
ental learning.



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HEBREW GRAMMAR.

OF THE DIVISION OF LETTERS.

1. A radix or root in Hebrew is a simple word, consisting of /wo
or more usually of three, letters, from which other words are formed
^y grammatical inflections or variations; as ipa visits "^T^ ^fieak.

2. i?a(f/ca/ letters are those which always make part of a radix or
root.

3. Servile letters are those which serve for the variation of the
root, by gender, number, person, &ۥ and for particles.

4. The servile letters are eleven^ and may be comprised in thele
three technical words, 3^31 HB^D \r\'\!^ the strength of Moses and Caleb.

5. The other eleven letters are radical. Except D when used for n
as in rule 82.

6. Observe, that although the radical letters (except 13 as in rule
5) are never servile^ yet the servile letters are very qften radical^ or
-very often make a part of the root.

OF WORDS, AND THEIR DIVISION.

7. Words in Hebrew mxf be divided into three kinds, JVouns or
^amesy Verbs^ zxA Particles.

8. A noun is the name of a substance or quality ; as B^^« a many 310
good.

9. A verb denoteth the action or state of a being or thing; as,
D^nSx IDX^I and God said; D^hSr B^jT^I and God made; D'DlTn iSj^ and
the heavens were finished. Inl^^se sentences said and made expfesi
the action; were finished^ the state.

10. Particles denote the connexion, relation, distinction, emphasis,
opposition, &c. ih& xireumstances of one's thoughts, or of t^e words
expressive of them; as, and^ with, or^ much^ although^ butj Sec.



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236

11. MBSiy fiarticles in Hebrew are expressed by one or odier of
the servile letters, which may then be considered as abbreviations or
parte of roots or words. See 3, D, % D, in rules 148. 173. 175, 176.

i OF NOUNS.

Mouna or namea are of two kinds, aubatantive and adjective. \

12. A noun aubatantive is the name of a aubatance; as BT'K a mauy
yy a tree^ apJT Jbcod: of a quaHtyy or of an action^ paaaion^ or atate^
considered abstractedly; as, "O fiurityy «2nD a ccwntw^ /or/^, no*7D I
«tomf, HPTiSd twir-
ls. An adjective denotes some quality or accident of the aubstan-

tive to which it js joined; as, 310 ^-ood, TIO (or l\;yD)fiure: so in the
phrases 31D er« a good man, yino ant fiure gold^ good and yiwrr are ad-
jectivea.
v/ 14 Mbtma in Hebrew are not declined by «m«, or different temu-
. nationay as nouns in Greek and Za^in are.

#15, In Hebrew^ nouns are of two 5'i?nrftfr*, maaculine wid/enunine^

as BTK a man^ 7)V9< a woman; of two numbera^ aingular^ denoting one,

as l^D a ib'n^; and filuraly denoting more than oncy as D'O^D At«^«.

16. Most Hebrew nouns not ending inn or n servile are masculine',

' those that do end in n or n servile are moat generally* /eminine, IT is

said to be Si/eminine termination.! .



• I say moat generally, not always, e. g. mm, mm}, H'?, nil, &c.

t Arid so it generally isy if both the ^ and the n be aervile^ as in