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TEXT-BOOK
OF
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.
BY
J. C. I. GIESELER,
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY, AND PROFESSOR
OF THEOLOGY IN GOTTINGEN.
TRANSLATED FROM THE THIRD GERMAN EDITION
By FRANCIS CUNNINGHAM.
IN THREE VOLUMES.
VOLUME III.
PHILADELPHIA :
CAREY, LEA, AND BLANCHARD.
1836.
Entered according to act of Congress in the year one thousand eight hundred and thirty-six,
By Carey, Lea., and Blanchard,
in the Clerk's ofiice of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
CAMRRIDGE^RESS:
METCALF, TORRY, AND BALLOU.
CONTENTS.
FOURTH DIVISION.
FROM THE REMOVAL OF THE PAPAL RESIDENCE TO AVIGNON, TO THE
COUNCIL OF PISA. A. D. 1305 — 1409.
CHAPTER FIRST.
HISTORY OF PAPACY.
I. Political History of the Popes during their Resi-
dence IN Avignon, to the Schism. 1305 — 1378.
Page.
§ 95. Clement V. (1305 to 1314) ... 2
§ 96. John XXII. (1316 to 1334) . . . .10
§ 97. Benedict XII., Clement VI., (1334 to 1352) . 27
I 98. Innocent VI., Urban V., Gregory XI. (1352 to 1378) 39
II, Ecclesiastical History of the Popes during their
Residence at Avignon.,
§ 99. Completion of the code of papal law . . 44
§ 100. Ecclesiastical usurpations of the Popes during their resi-
dence in Avignon . . . . .45
III. History of the Papal Schism.
§ 101. Origin and progress of the schism . . .58
§ 102. Of the oppressions in the church ... 61
<§> 103. Attempts to reconcile the schism . . .66
§ 104. Effects of the schism on the state of public sentiment
in ecclesiastical matters . . . .71
iv CONTENTS.
CHAPTER SECOND.
HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL CHURCHES.
§ 105. Their relation to the state . . . .75
^ 106. Internal relations of the national churches . 80
§ 107. Moral condition of the clergy . . . .81
CHAPTER THIRD.
HISTORY OF MONACHISM.
§ 108. Condition of the older orders . . . .85
^ 109. Influence of the Mendicant orders . . 87
§ 110. Internal history of the Franciscans . . .91
§111. New orders ..... 97
§ 112. Of the freer spiritual associations . . .98
CHAPTER FOURTH.
HISTORY OF THE THEOLOGICAL SCIENCES.
§ 113. Third period of the scholastic theology . .104
§ 114. Mystic theology ..... 109
§ 115. History of the other theological sciences . .110
CHAPTER FIFTH.
HISTORY OF RITES AND CEREMONIES.
^ 116. Festivals in honor of the Virgin Mary . .115
CHAPTER SIXTH.
HISTORY OF CHURCH DISCIPLINE.
§ 117. Of indulgences and punishments . . .119
<§, 118. Episcopal inquisitorial synods . . . 126
CHAPTER SEVENTH.
HISTORY OF THE HERETICAL PARTIES.
"^ 119. History of the older parties . . . ■ 127
CONTENTS. V
§ 120. Flagellants ..... 131
I 121. Dancers \ . . . . . .134
CHAPTER EIGHTH.
ATTEMPTS AT REFORM.
§ 122. In Bohemia . . . .135
§ 123. John Wicliffe ..... 141
CHAPTER NINTH.
SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY.
§ 124. Christianity ...... 150
<^ 125. Persecution and conversion of the Jews . . 151
APPENDIX I.
HISTORY OF THE GREEK CHURCH.
§ 126. Attempted union with the Latin church . . 152
§ 127. Controversy with Barlaam . . . 155
APPENDIX II.
HISTORY OF THE OTHER ORIENTAL CHURCHES.
§ 128. Oriental churches ..... 157
FIFTH DIVISION.
FROM THE COUNCIL OF PISA TO THE REFORMATION. A. D. 1409 — 1517.
CHAPTER FIRST.
HISTORY OF PAPACY.
<5 129. Council of Pisa, Alexander V., John XXIII. (1409 to
1415) ...... 161
§ 130. Council of Constance, Martin V. (1414 to 1431) . 167
vi CONTENTS.
§ 131. Council of Basil, Eugene IV. (1431 to 1447) . 184
§ 132. Nicolas V., Calixtus III., Pius II., Paul II. (1447 to
1471) 206
§ 133. Sixtus IV., Innocent VIII., Alexander VI. (1471 to
1503) 229
§ 134. Pius III., Julius IL, Leo X. (1.503 to 1521) . 244
'§ 135. General view of the state of Papacy . . 256
CHAPTER SECOND.
HISTORY OF THE HIERARCHY IN THE NATIONAL CHURCHES.
§ 136. Relation to the state .... 274
§ 137. Internal relations of the dioceces . . 276
"§ 138. Moral condition of the clergy . . . 277
CHAPTER THIRD.
HISTORY OF MONACHISM.
§ 139. Attempts to reform the older orders . . . 286
§ 140. Influence of the Mendicants . . . 294
§ 141. Of the freer spiritual societies . . . 300
§ 142. New orders ..... 306
CHAPTER FOURTH.
INTERNAL HISTORY OF THE CHURCH.
^ 143. History of scholastic philosophy . . ' . 307
§ 144. History of worship . . . . 311
§ 145. State of religion amongst the people at large , 318
§ 146. Of ecclesiastical punishments and indulgences . 322
§ 147. Inquisition ...... 334
CHAPTER FIFTH.
OPPONENTS OF THE CHURCH OF ROME.
§ 148. Older fanatical sects .... 340
§ 149. Attempts at reform .... 341
CONTENTS, vii
§ 150. History of the Hussites to the confirmation of the com-
pacts in Iglau (k. D. 1436) . . . .355
§ 151, History of the Hussites to the end of this Period 367
§ 152. Individual attempts at reform . . 375
§ 153. Effects of the revi^^al of letters , . . 393
CHAPTER SIXTH.
SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY.
§ 154. Christianity . . . . .410
APPENDIX.
ATTEMPTS TO UNITE THE GREEK CHURCH WITH THE LATIN.
§ 155. Greek and Latin Churches . . . ,411
Index ........ 415
FOURTH DIVISION.
FROM THE REMOVAL OF THE PAPAL RESIDENCE TO AVIG-
NON, TILL THE COUNCIL OF PISA.
A. D. 1305 — 1409.
CHIEF SOURCES.
Mbertinus Mussatus, Poet Laureat and Statesman at Padua (^ A. D. 1330.
HistoriaAugustas.de gestis Henrici VH. libb. XVI. De gestis Italicorum
post mortem Henrici VII. libb. VIII. to A. D. 1317. Ludovicus Bavarus, im-
perfect, all contained in Muratori Rerum Ital. Scriptt. T. X. and in Grffivii et
Burmanni Thes. Italia?, T. VI. P. II.). — Giovanni Villani, Statesman in
Florence, Historie Florentine, libb. XII. to A. D. 1348, in Muratori, T. XIII.
continued in XI. libb. by his brother Matteo Villani, to A. D. 1363, and from
lib. XI. c. 6],hy his son Filippo Villani, to 1364, see Muratori, T. XIV.—
Joannes de Winterthur or Vitoduranus, a Franciscan (Chronicon from Inno-
cent III. to A. D. 1348, in Eccardi corp. Scriptorum med. asvi, T. I. ; better in
the Thesaurus historice Helvetica?, Tiguri. 1735. fol. p. 1 seq.). — JI/. Albertus
Argentinensis (Chronicon from 1273 - 1378, in Urstisii German. Historicorum,
T. II. p. 95 seq.). — Jacob Zwinger v. Königshoven, a priest of
Strasburg (f 1420. Elsassische Chronik, in German, to 1386 (1415) with re-
marks by Joh. Schilter. Strasburg. 1698. 4to. Comp, the Diss. Jac. Twinge-
rum Regiovillanum solemni eruditorum examini subjicit S. F. Hollander.
Argent. 1789). — Gobelinus Persona, Decan in Bielefeld (Cosmodromium to
A. D. 1418, divided into six aetates, from ast. vi. c. 69, or from A. D. 1347 par-
ticularly valuable, in H. Meibomii Rerum Germanicarum, T. I. p. 53 seq.).
CHAPTER FIRST.
HISTORY OF PAPACY.
Sources : The old lives of the Popes: Vitae Paparum Aveniosium ed. St. Balu-
zius, Tomi II. Paris. 1693. 4to. The lives of all the Popes of this period scat-
tered in Muratori Scriptt. Rer. Ital. T. III. P. I. and II. Also: Theodorici de
JViem (literarum Apostolicarum Abbreviatoris) vitee Pontiff. Rom. (from A. D.
1288 - 1418) additis Imperatorum gestis (in Eccardi Corpus hist, medii aevi, T.
I. p. 1461 seq.).
VOL. Ill, 1
Third Periud. Div. IV. A. D. 1305 — 1409.
1. POUTIUAL HISTORY OF THE POPES DURINCi THEIR RESIDENCE IN
AVIGNON, TO THE SCHISM A. D. 137Ö.
<^ 95.
CLEMENT V. (June 5, 1305 - April 20, 1314).
Clement V. remained in France, and taking up his residence in
Avignon (A. D. 1309), brought the political power of the popes into
an ambiguous position, exceedingly detriniental to its true dignity.
For, whilst towards other powers they were more assuming than ever,
insisting, with a presumption increased by their security, on their
right of universal monarchy, in France not only was this principle
rejected, but in all their acts the popes were so dependent on the
influence of the court that they dared resist it only by stealth.
Clement! was forced formally to retract the presumptuous asser-
tions of his predecessor, Boniface VIII., in his contest with France
(A. D. 1306),2 and even to institute an inquiry into the conduct of
' Giov. Vniani hist. Fiorent. VIII. c. 80 (in Muratori XIII. p. 418), makes
king Philip impose on Clement, at his accession to the papal chair, the following
conditions : Le sei spetiali gratie, ch'io voglio da te, sono queste. La prima, che
tu mi riconcilii perfettamenta colla Chiesa, e facciami perdonare il niistatto, ch'io
commissi per la presui-a di Papa Bonifatio. La seconda di ricommunicare me, e
miei seguaci. La terza, che mi concedi tutte le decime per 5 anni del mio Reame,
per ajuto alle spese fatte alia guerra di Fiandra. La quarta, che tu mi prometti di
disfare e anullare la memoria di Papa Bonifatio. La quiuta, che tu renda Thonore
del Cardinalato a Messier Jacopo, e. Messer Piero della Colonna (see § 59, note
15) e rimetteralli in state, e facci con loro insieme cerli miei amici Cardinali. La
sesta gratia e promessa mi riserbo a luogo e a tempo, ch'e secreta e grande. He
states that Clement promised all this, per sacramento in sul Corpus Domini.
^ Clementin. lib. III. Tit. 17: Quoniam ex constitutione Bonifacii P. VIII.
prsedecessoris nostri, qua; incipit Clericis laicos, et ex declaratione, seu declaratio-
nibus (see Div. III. § 59, notes 6 and 9) ex ilia postmodum subsequutis nonnulla
scandala, magna pericula, et incommoda gravia sunt sequuta, et ampliora sequi,
nisi celeri remedio succurratur, prjesumitur verisimiliter in futurum ; nos de con-
silio fratrum nostrorum Constitutionen!, et declarationem, seu declarationes prsedic-
tas, et quidquid ex eis sequutum est vel ob eas, peuitus revocamus, et eas haberi
volumus pro infectis, volentes et firmiter statuentes, illud contra quoscumque lai-
cos, exigentes seu extorquentes ab ecclesiis ecclesiasticisque personis tallias seu
collectas, — inviolabiliter obscrvai-i, quod super his a praedecessoribus nostris in
Lateranensi, et generali conciliis (see § 63, notes 11 and 12) — salubriter est pro-
visum. Extravagant. Couimun. lib. V. Tit. 7, c. 2 : Meruit cai-issimi tilii nostri
Philippi, regis Fi-ancorum illustris, sinccra; adfectionis ad nos et ecclcsiain Roma-
nam integritas, et progenitorum suorum pra-clara merita meruerunt, meruit insuper
regnicolarum puritas ac devotionis sinceritas, ut tarn regem quam regnum favore
benevolo prosequamur. Hinc est, quod nos regi ct regno per detinilionem et
declarationem bonae memoriae Bonifacii P. VIII. pra>decessoris nostri, qua incipit
Unam sanctam (see § 59, note 26), nullum volumus vel intendimus pra-judicium
generari. Nee quod pt-r illain rex, regnum, et rcgnicola; prKlihati amplius eccle-
sias sint subjecti Roman», quam antea existebant ; sed omnia intelligantur in
eodem esse statu, quo erant ante definitionem praefatam, tam quantum ad ecclesiam,
quam etiam ad regem, regnum et regnicolas superius nominatos. According to
the contemporary Bernardus Guido (Quarta vita dementis V. in Baluzii Vit» PP.
Aven. I. p. 64) iioth Bulls are dated February 11, 1.306. The Bull Unam sanctam
was not, however, made void ; on the contrary, it was just at this time that Johan-
nes Monachus wrote his Gloss upon it, in which he defends all its assertions, and
Chujj. I. Papacy till A. D. 1378. /. Political History. § 95. 3
that pontiff, that must deeply have wounded the papal pride. ^ After
this, Piiilip tlie Fair began the persecution of the Templars, with an
utter disregard of all ecclesiastical laws (October 13, 1307) ; whilst
Clement not only forgave the trespass, but joined in the persecution.^
comments upon them. See also Alvarus Pelagius de planctu eccl. 1, c. 60,
below, § 96, note 15.
3 Comp. § 59, note 37. According; to Villani VIII. c. 91, Philip was very
urgent with the Pope at their meeting in Poitiers, 1307, to fulfil his promise,
ch'elli condannasse la memoria di Papa Bouifatio, e facesse ardeie le sue ossa e
corpo ; the Pope could only extricate himself from the difficulty by promising to
call a general council in Vienna for the purpose. In 1309 he was forced, however,
to institute a formal investigation on the subject, at which Nogaret and Du Plessis
appeared as accusers (Raynald, 1309, no. 4).
•* Comp. P. Du Piiy hist, de la condemnation des Templiers. Paris. 1650. 4to.,
with many additions. Bruxelles. 1751. 4to. Raynouard monumens histor. relatifs
i\ la condamnation des chevaliers du temple et a I'abolition de leur ordre. Paris.
1813. 8vo. Wilcke Gesch. des Tempelherrnordens, Bd. 1 (Leipz. 1826), S.
234 ff. — In the year 1306 the Grand-master, James de Molay, came from Cyprus
to France by invitation of the Pope, to consult concerning a new crusade (Rayn-
ald, ann. 1306, no. 12) : but notwithstanding the honors with which he was received
in Paris (Raynouard, p. 17), Philip had no doubt already secretly resolved on the
downfall of the Order. Comp. Clementis Ep. ad Philippum dd. 24 Aug. 1306 (in
Baluzii Vitae PP. Aven. T. II. p. 75) : Sane a memoria tua non credimus cxci-
disse, quod Lugdini et Pictavis de facto Templariorum zelo fidei devotionis accen-
sus nobis tam per te quam per tuos phiries locutus fuisti, et per Priorem monasterii
novi de Pictavo aliqua intimari curasti. Et licet ad credendum quae tunc diceban-
tur, cum quasi incredibilia et impossibilia viderentur, nostrum animum vix potue-
rimus applicare ; quia tarnen plura incredibilia et inaudita extunc audivimus de
prsedictis, cogimur haesitare. — Quia vero magister militiae Tenipli ac multi praa-
ceptores — a nobis, nedum semel, sed pluries cum magna instantia petierunt quod
nos super illis eis false impositis, ut dicebant, vellemus inquirere veritatem ; nos —
diligentis inquisitionis indaginem infra paucos dies — propter hoc instanli die Vene-
ris civitatem Pictaviensem intraturi proponimus inchoare, etc. The result of this
investigation was doubtless favorable to the Templars : Philip then proceeded to
more arbritrary measures. Bernardiis Guido in vita Clementis (in Baluz.
1, p. 65) : In festo sancti Eduardi confessoris, III. Idus Octobris, f^ria sexta
(13 October, 1307) fuerunt capti prime Templarii ubique in regno Franciae
ex ordinatione Regis et consilii inopinate sane, mirantibus cunctis audientibus
antiquam Tempil militiaiii ab Ecclesia Romana nimis privilegiatam una die
subito captivari, causamque ignorantibus captionis tam repentina;, exceptis
paucis secretariis et juratis. Quae causa tandem detecta fuit et publice in fama,
profana, videlicet professio eorundem cum abnegatione Christi et exspuitione
super crucem in opprobrium crucifixi. — Demum sedes Romana, cui prius factum,
incredibile videbatur, et captionem prcedictam cegre ferebat, effecta est certior,
etc. On the following day (Oct. 14) Philip assembled the doctors of the Sorbonne,
to make them justify his conduct, who pronounced (Baluz. vitae PP. Aven. I. p.
591), principem sa;cularem non posse cognoscere de haeresi, nisi cum Episcopus ei
causas istiusmodi committitjudicandas, ^josse tarnen eum in casu necessitatis, ubi
imminet periculum, prehendere accusatos cum proposito reddendi Ecclesia? ;
which plainly shows that Philip had acted arbitrarily. Still nothing is said of this
in Clement's letter of November 22, 1307, in which he calls on king Edward of
England to follow Philip's example ( Rymeri foedeia et acta publ. inter Reges
Angliae et alios Principes ed. Clarke et Holbrooke, vol. II. P. I. p. 16) : Sane
dudum, circa promotionis nostrae principium ad apicem Apostolicffi dignitatis, ad
nostrum quadam levi suggestione pervenit auditum, — quod Templarii sub religio-
nis pallio militantes exterius, in apostasise perfidia intus vixerunt hactenus in detes-
tabili h^retica pravitate. Cfeterum — suggestioni pra^dictte noluimus aures credu-
las exhibere. Verum postea auribus carissimi in Christo filii nostri Philippi regis
Francias illustris insonuit, quod singuli fratres dicti Ordinis in sui professione, cum
ordinem ipsum ingrediuntur, expressis verbis abnegant Dominum Jesum Christum,
nee non idolum adorant in suis capitulis, et alia nefanda committunt, quae ob rubo-
4 Third Period. Die. IV. A. D. 1305 — 1409.
And when the ambitious king proceeded further, on the death of
Albrecht I. (A. D. 1308), to solicit the imperial crown for his brother
rem exprimendi sublicemus ad praesens. Propter quod idem Rex ad requisitionem
Inquisitoris ha;retic» piavitatis, in Regno siio gencraliter a sede Apostolica depu-
tati, — Magi^trum IMajorcm et alias singulares personas dicli ordinis, quae tunc
erant in regno suo, una die cum magna excogilata diligentia capi fecit, Ecclesise
judicio prs'sentandas. — Deinde prtefatus Magister dicti Ordinis spontanee conf'es-
■SU3 est palani, prwscntibus niajoribus Personis ecclesiaslicis Parisiis, corruptionem
erroris abnegationis Christi in fiatrum professionibus — introductam. Quamplurirai
etiam fratres dicti Ordinis — dicta scelera sunt confessi, etc. In France the inves-
tigation began October 19, 1307, under the royal confessor and inquisitor, William
of Paris ; the prisoners were forced by the most ci-uel tortures to confess (M (In-
ter in Menkes Neuem Magazin f. Rcligionsphilo-ophic, &c. Bd. 5, S. 3.54 ft'. —
Raynouard, p. 31 seq.). Finally, quia inveniebantur circa regales examinatores
extorsiones indebitae (Plolemceus Lucensis in vita dementis V. in Baluz. 1. p.
30) Clement appointed in the Bull Faciens misericordiam dd. 12 Aug. 1308
(Mansi XXV. p. 424, cf. p. 369 Rymer- Clarke, vol. II. P. I. p. 55. Molden-
hawers Prozess gegen den Orden der Tempelherren, S. 2 ff".), ecclesiastical
tribunals of investigation for each kingdom. In this Bull he says that, not only
had it been confessed in his presence by seventy-two templars, but that the Grand-
master and five Preceptors had acknowledged before three cardinals deputed for
the investigation in Chinon, inter cetera Christi abnegationem, et spuitionem super
crucem, cum in ordine Templi lecepli fuerunt ; et quidam ex eis, se sub eadem
forma, scilicet cum abnegatione Chj-isti et spuitioiie super crucem, fratres multos
recepisse. The Bull was accompanied by one hundred and twenty-seven articles
of inquisition (see Moldenhawer, S. 73), which form the fullest list of the accusa-
tions against the Templars : 1. Videlicet quod quilibet in receptione sua et quan-
doque post — abnegabat Christum — et quandoque Deum, et quandoque b. Virgi-
nem, et quandoque omnes Sanctos et Sanctas Dei, inductus seu monitus per illos
qui eum recipiebant. — 5. Item, quod dicebant et dogniatizabant receptores illis,
quos recipiebant, Christum non esse verum Deum. — 6. Ipsum fuisse falsum p.'-o-
phetam. — 7. Item quod faciebant illos quos recipiebant spuere super crucem, —
licet interdurn qui recipiebantui spuerent juxta. — 14. Item quod adorabant quen-
dam catum sibi in ipsa congregatione apparentem quandoque. — 16. Item quod
non credebant sacramentum altaris. 20. Item quod Sacerdotes Ordinis verba, per
quas consecratur corpus Christi, non dicebant in canone Missse. 23. Item quod
hac receptores eorum sibi injungebant. 24. Item quod credebant, et sic diceba-
tur eis, quod magnus Magister a peccatis poterat eos absolvere. 25. Item, quod
Visitator. 26. Item quod Pi-a^ceptores. 30. Item quod in receptione fratrum dicti
Ordinis vel circa interdurn recipiens et receptus aliquando se deosculabantur in ore,
in umbilico, seu in ventre nudo, ct in ano seu spina dorsi. 36: Item quod recepti-
ones ipsas clandestine faciebant. 38. Item quod propter hoc contra dictum Ordi-
nem vehemens suspicio a longis temporibus laboravit. 40. Item quod fratribus,
quos recipiebant, dicebant, quod ad inviccm poterant unus cum alio commisceri
carnaUter. 46. Item quod ipsi per singulas provincias habebant idola, videlicet
capita, quorum aliqua habebant tres facies, et alia unam, et aliqua cranium huma-
nuni habebant. 47 Item quod ilia idola vel illud idoluni adorabant, et specialiter
in eorum magnis capitulis et congregationibus. 53. Item quod dicebant, quod
jllud caput poterat eos salvare. 54. Item quod divites facere. 55. Item quod
omnes divitias Oidinis dabvit eis. 56. Item quod facit aibores florere. 57. Item
quod terram germinare. 58. Item quod aliquod caput idolorum pntdictorum cin-
gebant seu tangebant chordulis, quibus se ipsos cingehant citra caraisiam seu
carnem. 65. Item quod qui nolebant praedicta in sui receptione facere vel post,
interficiebantur, vel carceri mancipabantur. 97. Item quod elcemosj'nas in dicto
Ordine non fiebani ut debebant, nee hospilalitas servabatur. 99. Item quod jura-
mcntum prajstabatur ab eis, augmentum et qua-stum dicti Ordinis, quibusciimque
modis possent, per fas ct nefas procurare. 101. Item quod clam consuevernnt
tenere sua capitula. The papal triiiunal appointed for France conducted the inves-
tigation in Paris from the 7th of August, 1309, to the 26th of May, 1311, with
great decorum (the important Acts of this tribunal, which Raynouard, p. 55 seq.,
gives in extracts, are translated jn full in Moldenhawers Prozes.s gegen den
Chap. I. Papacy till A. D. IS^S. /. Political History. § 95. 5
Charles of Valois, the Pope ventured to oppose him only by an un-
worthy cunning.^ And though at the council at Vienne (October
16, 1311 - May 6, 1312) he was delivered from the disgrace of con-
demning Boniface,*^ he was forced, on the other hand, to sacrifice the
Orden der Tempelherrn. Hamburg. 1792. 8vo.). At the reading of the papal
Bull to the Grand-master, when the passage was read in which mention is made of
his confession before the cardinals, " he twice crossed himself, and showed other
marks of his great astonishment at this assertion of what he had himself confessed,
as well as at other things in the Pope's letters ; he broke out, ' if the Pope's com-
missioners were people to be defied, I should have something else to say. Would
God, that it was with us as amongst the Turks and Saracens, who reward such
plotters of mischief by cutting off their heads ! ' " (Protokoll b. Moldenhawer, S.
31.) Philip interfered even with this investigation, for fifty-four knights having
offered themselves for the defence of the Order before the papal commissioners, he
had them condemned by the provincial council in Sens, and burned in Paris, May
12, 1310 (Moldenhawer, S. 236 ff. Raynouard, p. 98 seq.).
* Whilst he pretended to recommend Charles to the electors (see Olenschla-
ge rs erläuterte Staatsgeschichte des röm. Kaiserthums in der ersten Hälfte des
14ten Jahrh. Frankf. a. M. 1755. 4to. Urkundenbuch, S. 12 ff.), he secretly urged
on the choice of Henry, count of Luxemburg ( ViUani, lib. VHI. c. 101).
' See the Bull of April 27, 1311 (in Raynald ad h. a. no. 26 seq.). After rela-
ting the process of accusation and defence thus far, the Bull proceeds: Nos —
apud eundem Regem — salutaribus monitis — institimus, — ut rejectis anfractibus
denuntiationum et objectiouum hujusniodi — ipsius negotii prosecutionem nostrae
et Ecclesia; ordinationi relinqueret, — ita quod nos et eadem Ecclesia — ex officii
nostri debito ad ipsius negotii cognitionem, — et totalem decisionem procedere —
ac finem congruum eidem imponere deberemus. — Competenti super his inquisiti-
one prashabita comperiraus, quod, etsi etiam — denuntiatores — ad denuntiationes,
— ac dictum Regem ad requisitionem pradictam — faciendas objectorum Veritas,
de quibus certi non sumus, forsitan non movisset ; ipsos tamen ad hoc praconcepta
malignitas, aut mala causa non impulit, sed bonus, sincerus et Justus zelus induxit;
unde — denuntiatores — et dictum Regem — extra omnem calumniam fuisse et
esse, ac bono, sincero et justo zelo, ex fervore catholics fidei processisse, — pro-
nuntiamus — et tenore pi-a?senfiuni declaramus. Quibus pronuntiationibus — fac-
tis — cum in negotio memorato vellemus ulterius — procedere, — illi qui defensioni
— dicti Bonifacii se — offerebant, negotium hujusniodi in officii nostri mera et
libera potestate sponte ac libere dimiserunt ; ac demura prsefatus Rex, — tanquam
benedictionis et gratiae filius, progenitorum suorum, qui se semper ipsius Ecclesia»
beneplacitis coaptarunt, vestigia clara sequens, pro se ac universis regnicolis regni
sui — nostris in hac parte requisitionibus de abimdantia regalis clementiae per
affectum operis acquievit. Motum et zelum dicti Regis in hac parte ex fervore
fidei — prodeuntem non immerito approbantes, et sonoris laudum efferentes prEeco-
niis, ac volentes praefato Regi et suis adversus futura pericula sic plene, prospicere,