hasreticfE pravitatis. Qui Beguiniis inter alia asserebat, quod Christus et Apostoli
viam perfectionis sequentes nihil habuerunt jure proprietatis et dominii in speciaU,
nee etiam in communi. Qui Inquisitor volens judicare dictum Beguinum convo-
cavit ad consilium omnes Priores, Gardianos et Lectores religiosorum et quamplu-
res alios sapientes, inter quos affuit frater Berengarius Taloni Lector in conventu
fratrum Minorum de Narbona. Et inter caetera prsefatus Inquisitor fecit legi prs-
fatum articulum de paupertate Christi et Apostolorum ejus, pro quo volebat Begar-
dum hujusmodi tanquam ha-i-eticum judicare. Prajibatus frater Berengarius Lec-
tor super dicto aiticulo requisitus respondit, quod hoc diceie non erat hoerelicum,
sed dogma sanum, caiholicum et fidele, maxime cum hoc esset per Ecclesiam in
decretali Exiit qui seminat (Nicolai IV. see above, Ā§ 70, note 10) diffinitum.
Quo facto, ac si asseruisset hsresim dictus Lector, praefatus Inquisitor eidem prae-
cepit, ut dictum suum statim in prassentia omnium revocaret. Qui Lector revocare
noluit quoquo modo, sed ā ad sedem apostolicam solemniter appellavit, et cum
appellatione sua venit apud Avinionem.
^ See the two Declarationes of the General Chapter of the Franciscans, held in
Perusium in June and July, 1322, in Wadding, ad h. a. no. 51 seq.
94 Third Period. Dio. IV. A. D. 1305 ā 1409.
Ā«declared the Franciscan doctrine to be heresy,^ renouncing in the
name of the church of Rome all claim to the possessions ofthat order
(1322).^ The more zealous Franciscans, with the general of the
order, Michael de Cesena, at their head, took refuge with Lewis of
Bavaria,^" and opposed the heretic Pope as long as they lived. ^^ The
" As Nicolas IV'. in his bull Exiit had forbidden all further comment on the
same under penalty of excommunication, John XXII. began with allowing this,
in order that the subject might be investigated anew, in the bull Quia nonnun-
quarn (Extravagg. Jo. XXII. Tit. XIV. c. 2) : then in the bull Cum inter non-
nullos of November 12, 1322 (ibid. c. 4), he decides : in posterum pertinaciter
adfirmare, quod Redemtori nostro ejusque apostolis lis, quae ipsos habuisse scriptura
sacra testatur, nequaquam jus ipsis utendi competierit, nee ilia vendendi seu
donandi jus habuerint, aut ex ipsis alia adquirendi, qux' tamen ipsos de prasmissis
fecisse scriptura sacra testatur, seu ipsos potuisse facere supponit expresse : cum
talis adserlio ipsorum usum et gesta evidenter includat in praemissis non justa, quod
utique de usu, gestis seu factis Redemtoris nostri, Dei Filii, sentire nefas est,
sacra; scriptura; contrarium, et doctrina; catholicaĀ» iniinicum : adsertionem ipsam
pertinacem de fratrum nostrorum consilio deinceps erroneam fore censendam merito
ac ha>reticam declaramus.
9 By the bull Ad conditorem canonum of 8 Dec. 1322 (Jbid. c. 3). He shows
in this the fallacy of the right of property hitherto assei'ted by the church of Rome :
Constat, quod post ordinationem prasdictam (Exiit, jYicolai IV.) non fuerint in
adquirendis ac conservandis bonis in judiciis et extra minus solliciti, quam ante
illam fuerant fratres ipsi. ā Adhuc nee utique profuit dictis fiatribus ordinatio
supra dicta, quantum ad hoc, quod propter carentiam talis propra se pauperiores
dicerc valeant, quam si res ipsas cum illo, quo caiere se dicunt, doininio obtinerent.
Licet etiam prredecessor noster pra;dictus dominium earum rerum, qua; ipsis fra-
tribus offeni seu conferri, aut alias obvenire contigeret, ā in se Romanamque
ecclesiam recipiendum duxerit; ā attento tamen ipsorum fratrum utendi modo et
ejus eflectu, ā non ipse usus fratrum dici debet, sed potius Romana; ecclesiae
dominium esse simplex. Quis enim simpliceni iisuarium dicere polerit, cui rem
usuariain licet permutare, vendere ac donare ? Piocul dubio haec naturae repug-
nare noscuutur, nee ad usuarium pertinere, qua; tamen de rebus mobilibus ante
dictis faciunt fratres ipsi. Quod aulcm dominium Romanae ecclesiae reservatuni
simplex censeri debeat, ex hoc patet,quod ex illo nullum eidem ecclesiae temporale
obvenit ā commodum, etc. Fuither: Quod autem quoad res, quae usu consu-
iniintur, non sint ccnsendi usuarii fiatres ipsi, ex sequentibus liquet satis. Dicere
siquidem, quod in talibus rebus usus juris vel facti scparatus a proprietate rei seu
dominio possit constitui, repugnat juii, et obviat rationi. Hence uolenles in poste-
rum sub pra;lextu ā talis dominii temporalis veibalis, nudi ac jenigmatici tanta
bona, quanta dicti fratres faciunt, inlici, ā sancimus, quod in bonis, quae in poste-
rum conferentur, ā fratribus seu ordini supi-a dictis (exceptis ecclesiis, oratoriis,
officinis et habitationibus, ac vasis, libris et vestimentis divinis officiis dedicatis ā )
nullum jus seu dominium aliquod ā Romanae ecclesia? adquiratur, sed quoad hoc
habeantur prorsus ordinationes hujusmodi pro non factis. Et ā districtius inhibe-
mus, ne deinceps pro recipiendis, petendis, extorquendis, defendendis seu adminis-
trandis bonis ā quisquam nominetur ā nomine s. Romanas ecclesi* procurator, etc.
An appeal was made against this bull on the 14th of Jan. 1323, by Fr. Bonagra-
tia, before the papal commissary, on which he was thrown into prison (Wadding,
ann. 1323, no. 1).
ā¢'0 See above, Ā§ 96, note 28.
" Compare Michcelis Ceesenatis tract, contra errores Jo XXII (in Goldasti
Monarchia II. p. 1236), Ejusd. littei-a; ad omnes fratres ordinis minorura A. D.
1333 (ibid. p. 1338 seq.) anil ad Regem Rom. et Principcs Alemanire (ib. p. 1344).
Guil. Ockami compendium errorum Papae (ibid. p. 957), Ejusd. opus nonaginta
dierum contra errores Jo. XXII (ibid. p. 993). On the other hand the Domini-
cans defended the decision of the Pope, especially Petrus Pahulanus in Paris
(1330, Patriarch of Jerusalem, "f* 1342), tract, de paupertate Christi et Apostolo-
rum contra Michslem de Ctesena (Ms. in bibl. Colbert.). Other works on the
Chap. III. Monachism. ^ 110. Inter. Hist, of the Franciscan.';. 95
majority, however, submitted, and chose a new general, nominated
by the Pope (A. D. 1329). i"^
The ordinances of John XXII. could not fail to produce a still
greater laxity in observing the rules of Francis,!^ and the reconciliation
of the Spirituales with the order thus became less possible than ever.
Throughout the 14th century, therefore, they were continually renew-
ing their attempts to unite themselves in small remote settlements in
various parts of Italy, for the strict observance of the rules they held
so dear. At first these associations were not seldom broken up.
Afterwards, however, they were protected by some of the generals
of the order, 1** till they became so considerable, that they were for-
subject see in Raynald, ann. 1323, no. 38 seq. As early as 1324, John XXII.
himself defended his Constitutiones in a new bull Quia quorundam (Extravagg.
Jo. XXII. Tit. XIV. c. 5) and excommunicated his opponents. Petrus Rogerius
(a Benedictine, and professor of theology, in Paris, aftei-vvards Pope Clement Vi.),
relates in his Lectura on this bull (see Bahizii not. ad Antonii Augustini de enien-
datione Gratiani dialog, lib. I. dial. 17), that a Parisian theologue, no doubt a Do-
minican, went so far as to maintain : adserere Christum et Apostolos nihil habuisse
est magis hsreticum, quam adserere Deum rion esse incarnatum. Namely : illud
est magis hffireticum, quod est contra majorem evidentiam fidei. ā Sed adserere,
quod Christus et Apostoli nihil habuerunt in proprio vel communi est contra
majorem evidentiam fidei. Uli enim, qui erant tempore Christi et Apostolorum,
clare videbant, quod Christus et Apostoli habebant aliqua vel in proprio, vel in
communi ; non tamen ita clare videbant, quod Deus esset incarnatus, quia noa
videbant clare Christum esse nisi purum hominem. Ergo, etc.
^' At a general chapter in Paris, Wadding, ann. 1329. The Franciscans now
went back to their old fiction, that the real ownership of the property bestowed
on them remained with the donor (see above, Ā§ 70, note 5), see Jllvarus Pelagius
de Planctu Eccl. lib. II. c. 55 : fratres minores possunt habere usum quemlibet
separatum a proprietate, cujus proprietas Komanaj ecclesias erat olim, et nunc
dantium, propter Extravagantem, quam fecit Papa Joannes XXII contra fratres
minores, qus incipit Ad Conditorem.
'3 See the confession of the Franciscan Alvarus Pelagius II. c. Q6, that the
brethren often de pecunia, quas pro eis deponitur, emunt et faciunt superflua. ā
Item non pro necessitatibus ingruentibus ā faciunt pecuniam deponi, sed pro futuris
necessitatibus et non necessitatibus. ā Item vadunt aliqui per terias et villas, ā
eleemosynas pecuniarias procurando et petendo, et importunitates frequenter in-
gerendo, famulum retro ducendo, et denariis pixides et loculos implendo. ā Item
ponunt aliqui cippos et areas in eorum ecclesias, ut ibi ssculares ponant pecunias.
ā Item tangunt pecunias vel cum cera vel cum ligno vel cum palea. Portant
etiam quidam eorum pecunias sutas in habitibus et tunicis. Quidam etiam eorum
faciunt sibi pecuniam poni in capitiis, etc.
'ā ā¢ Thus Philip of Majorca was denied by John XXII. (Wadding, ann. 1328,
no. 28), and afterwards by Benedict XII. (ibid. ann. 1340, no. 23), on his applying
for permission to found a company of strict Franciscans, and the latter said to
Robert of Sicily, who interceded in behalf of the applicant, quod idem Philippus
sectae Beguinorum ā promotor, defensor, rector et conservator extitit, ā et his
nequaquam contentus tam contra Joannem P. XXII ā quam sedem prsedictam
multa enormia et haeretica ā publice asseruit, et etiam praedicavit interdum.
A small society of the sort was formed by Johannes de Valihus, near Bruliano
A. D. 1334, with the permission of the general of the Order {Wadding, ann.
1334, no. 24) : but as it spread further, the envy of the Order was awakened, and
the new society was accused of heresy (spiritum libertatis inter eos dominai-i
eos receptasse aliquos haereticos) and dispersed by order of the Pope {Wadding,
1355, no. 1 seq.). ā Those which were permanently established were the congre-
gation of the Clarenes, formed by Angelas de Cingulo, from the remnant of the
Coelestines, A. D. 1302, in the Mark of Ancona {Wadding, ad h. a. no. 8); and
96 Third Period. Div. 1 V. A. D. 1305 ā 1409.
mally sanctioned by the council of Constance under the name of
fratres regularis observaiitice, as distinguished from tlie fratres con-
ventuales.^^
In proportion as the Franciscans relaxed from the strictness of the
supposed evangelical mode of life, which their founder had estab-
lished, it seemed as if they hoped to appease the saint by the increased
extravairance of their praises, and the impious comparisons they
instituted between him and Christ.^^ The prophecies of John de
Rupescissa show that they were still looking for the approaching
renovation of the church through the instrumentality of their order. ^^
thz.ioi Paulutius, Paolucciof Foliani, a pupil of John de Vallibus, who established
himself in the ruined hermitage of Bruliano by permission of the general of the
Order {Wadding, ann. 1368, no. 10), and so much increased his society {Wad-
ding, ann. 1380, no. 29 ; 1384, no. 4; 1385, no. 4 ; 1.3S8, no. 1 ; 1390, no. 1), that
he was considered the founder of the more stiict rule.
'5 Sessione XIX. d. 23 Sept. 1415. v. d. Hardt Cone. Const. T. IV. p. 515.
^^ Compare Div. II. Ā§ 70, note 3. This was the date of the appearance of the
famous Liber conformitatum by the Franciscan Bartholomcp.i Albicii or Barth, de
Pisis, written 1385, and offered to the general chapter held at Assisi 1399, and
received with much applause (the only complete edition, Mediolani, 1510, fol.).
An extract by Erasmus Albei-us, with a preface by Luther: Der Barfilsser
Mƶnche Eulenspiegel u. Alcoran, 1531, also 1573 and 1614. 12mo., still fuller
in the translations : I'Alcoran des Cordeliers and Alcoranus Franciscanorum, which
have been often published. This work consists of three books, showing 40 points
of agreement between St. Francis and Christ, which are pointed out in the
superscription, e. g. Lib. I. 1. Jesus prophetis cognitus, Franciscus declaratur
(alleged prophecies of St. Francis tam ante ortum, quam in ortu et post ortum
declarato et agnito). 2. Jesus emissus cslitus, Franciscus deslinatur. 3. Jesus
laste progenitus, Francisco vir laetatur (prophets and angels rejoiced at the birth of
St. Francis, as at the birth of Christ). ā 6. Jesus abjectus cernitur, Franciscus
separatur. e. g. Nam apostoli etsi navcm et alia reliquerunt, non tamen vestimen-
tum, quod in dorso habebant : beatus vero Franciscus non solum omnium terreno-
rum facultati abrenunciavit, sed et pannos et feiiioialia rejecit, nudum corpore et
mente se offerens brachiis crucitixi, quod de nullo alio sancto mundum abrenun-
ciante alicubi legitur, et sic in hoc b. Franciscus singularis ab onmibus reperitur.
Thus one of the Order saw in a vision the courts of heaven, and therein numerous
seats, inter quas vidit unam eminentiorem aliis et prae omnibus gloriosius fulgentem,
et ornatam omni lapide pretioso, et admirans ejus pulchritudinem coepit cogitare,
cujus esset, et statim vocem audivit dicentem sibi : haec sedes fuit Luciferi, et loco
ejus sedebit humilis Franciscus. ā Lib. 11. Conf. 13. Jesus signis mirificus,
Franciscus divulgatur. In St. Francis too the prophecy was fulfilled : omnia sub-
jecisti sub pedibus ejus et constituisti eum super omnia opera manuum tuarum,
as well as quod cantatur in evangelio sui festi : omnia mihi tradita sunt a patre
meo. Lib. III. Conf. 37 : Jesus transcendens angelos, Franciscus sul)limatur,
closing thus: sic b. Franciscus super angelos, archangelos, tbronos, dominationes,
virtutes, potestates, principatus et cherubin est elevatus, et in online seraphico in
sede Luciferi locatus ct sublimatus, quo concluditur, quod omnes inferiores ordines,
tam quoad angelicos spiritus quam humanos, b. Franciscus sublimatus in ordine
supremo excessit gratia et moritis. It is true (hat this work, under the strange
title of BarthohmcBUs Conformi, was included in the Index librorum prohibit, in
1.564 : but still the Franciscan Henr. Sedidius in his Apologeticus adv. Alcoranum
Franciscanorum pi'O libro conformitatum, Antverp. 1607. 4to., says in the Prolego-
menis : Pudere nos libii ronformifatum, tam hoc est falsum, quam, quod scribit
Lutherus, verum, nos pio hac abominatione necduin poenitentiam agerc, banc non
recantai'e. Compare (U a u m g a r t e n s) Nachrichten von einer hallischen Biblio-
thek, Bd. 1. S. 286-359.
17 He was thrown into prison by Clement VI., A. D. 1349, in Avignon, as a
false prophet and heretic {Brown Append, ad Fasciculum rerum expetendarum et
Chap. III. Monackhm. Ā§ 111. Nao Orders. 97
^ 111.
NEW ORDERS.
In this period also there sprung up new orders, though new only
in the form, not the spirit, and hence worn out as speedily as the old
had been. The Olivctans were a fraternity of the Benedictines
founded by John Tolomeus on the Mount of Olives, near Siena
(Coiigregatio s. Mariaj montis Oliveti, confirmed by John XXII.
A. D. 1319). 1 The order of the Jcsuates was established in Siena
itself by John Colombino (Jesuati, confirmed by Urban V. A. D.
1367), and was a mendicant order, composed entirely of laymen,
who adopted the rule of St. Augustine.'^ In Spain and Italy there
were several orders of Jcromites.^ The order of St. Birsitta
fugiend. p. 494. Contin. Chronici Guil. de JVangis ad ann. 1356, in (VAchery
Spicil. T. lil. p. 114), but was afterwards released, and continued to be regarded
by his order as innocent of the charges brought against him {Wadding, ann. 1357,
no. 15). In the year 1356, he announced in his Liber inscriptus Vade mecum in
tribulatione {Brown, 1. c. p. 496) in 20 intentionibus the near appeai-ance of Anti-
chi-ist, the renovation of the church, etc. Characteristic of the work is the follow-
ing : Intentio secunda est, Universum clerum ac dominos supremos, ā et universae
Ecclesiae Papas et Cardinales, etc. cum subditis clericis eisdem reducere ad modum
vivendi sanctissimum Christi et Apostolorum sanctorum : quoniam impossibile
foret Ecclesis aliter recuperare pra'fatum sKculum perditum et execratum, quo-
niam impossibile foret intidelium populorum, Juda^orum, Tartarorum, Saracenorum
et Turcarura ad Christi religionem repugnantem carnem et sanguinem reducere,
nisi per viros spiritualissimos, legem spiiitualissimam Christi non tarn verbo quam
opere prsedicantes : si enim Prslati Ecclesise incedcrent ad pra?dicandam pauper-
tatem Christi cum 200 vel 300 equis, sicut nonnulli ex eis hodie incedunt; ā
talibus utique pra;dicatoribus dicerent infideles illud Evangelii : Vade opce, nie-
dere et cura teipsum. Quare onmino necesse est ad reparationem mundi, modum
vivendi Christi et Apostolorum suorum inchoari a summis et omnibus Praelatis
Ecclesiae generaliter. ā Et ad hunc modum vivendi reducentur cum flagellis duris-
simis, videlicet infra annum Dom. 1370. ā Intentio septima est intelligere modum
denudandi Ecclesiam universam ab omnibus temjjoralibus rebus. Indignahitur
siquidem mundus ante annum Dom. 1365 contra fastum divitiarum, temporalem
gloriam mundanae superbia; clericorum, et tyrannici ac laici populi subito et in-
sperate consurgent et auferent ab eis dominia temporalia, ā et ipsos relinquent in
puris et nudis Evangelicis declaratis, et insuper multis tribulationibus et derisioni-
bus eos afficient, nee ipsis quibuscunque excommunicationibus aut bellicosis insul-
tibus poterint obviare, etc. ā Intentio decima est super apparitione duorum admi-
randorum prophetarum induendorum factis, qui Apoc. c. 10, resistent bestise
ascendenti de mari : quoniam antequam perveniat mundus ad annum Dom. 1365,
mittet Dens miraculose duos pauperrimos Cordelarios (cordeliers ) , abjectos fratres
minores, qui ad literam sunt, de quibus dicit Dominus Jesus Christus, Apoc. 11 :
Dabo duobus test ibus nieis, et prophetabvnt dies MCCLX, etc. ā unus autem
herum duorum erit Papa Romanus, generalis Christi vicarius, et alter, ejus socius,
Romans Ecclesiae cardinalis. ā Hi igitur duo pauperculi sacratissimi minores
abjecti, Cordelarii abjecti, sunt mystice Elias et Enoch, etc.
' Raynald. ann. 1320, no. 50.
^ Of the history of St. Joannes Columbinus, and the origin of the Order, see
Acta SS. ad d. 31 Jul. (Jul. T. VII. p. 333).
^ Namely, in Spain the Ercmitra s. Hieronymi, founded by Peter Ferdinand
Pecha, chamberlain of Peter the Cruel, king of Castile, about A. D. 1370, and
confirmed, A. D. 1373, who followed the Regula Augustini. The third general of
VOL. III. 13
98 Third Teriud. Div.lV. A. D. 1305 ā 1409.
(Brigitta) was founded by a female of tliat name in the convent of
Wadstena about the year 13Ć3, and confirmed by Urban V. in 1370.
It united monks and nuns in the same convent, according to peculiar
rules.''
Ā«^ 112.
OF THE FREER SPIRITUAL ASSOCIATIONS.
See /. L. Mosheim de Beghardiset Beguinabus comm. ed. G. H. Martini, Leips,
1790. 8vo.
Neither the indiscriminate denunciation of the Beghards and
Bewuins by Clement V. for their heresy ,i nor the violent persecu-
tions to which they were continually exposed, nor even the mistrust
with which all unmonastic spiritual associations were regarded by the
Inquisition, could check the tendency to such associations (a sign not
to be mistaken of the decline of monachism), especially in Germany
and the Netherlands. As early as the pontificate of John XXII.
such of them as held the orthodox doctrines were taken under the
protection of the Pope.'^ In the Netherlands and in Germany great
the Order, Lupus Olivetus, established a separate congregation amongst them, by
permission of Martin V., A. D. 1424, to which he gave a system of rules taken
from the works of Jerome, (sec in Luccb Hohtenii Codex Regularum monast. ed.
M. Brockie, T. III. p. 43) : in Spain this congregation was united again with the
Order, A. D. 1595, but in Italy it continued to exist separately under the name
Congr. Monachorum Eremitarum s. Hieronymi de observantia s. de Lombardia,
see Hohtenius-Brockie, T. IV. p. 1. ā In Italy Peter Gambacoi-ti or Petrus de
Pisis, from 1.377, founded the paviperes Eremitae Petri de Pisis or Eremitas s.
Hieronymi. Also the Congregatio Fesulana founded by Charles de Montegranelli
(ā¢f 1417). See Helyot hist, des ordres monastiques, T. III. p. 423 seq. ; T. IV.
p. IS seq.
'^ Concerning the life of St. Birgitta, sec Acta SS. ad d. 23 Jul. Jo. Vastovii
vitis Aquilonia, s. vitfe Sanctorum in Scandinavia Colon. 1623. ibl. ed. cum notis
Erici Benzel Upsal. 1708. 4to. ā Her Revelationes have been often published,
e. g. Roma; et Colon, 1628. Monachii, 16S0, (bl. ā the rules of her order, as con-
firmed by Urban VI. 1379, in Holsteniiis-Brockie, T. Hi. p. 100 seq. According
to cap. 10, each convent was to contain 60 sisters, and 13 priests to wait on them,
juxta numerum XIII Apostolorum, quorum Paulus tertius decimus non minimum
laborem sustinuit, 4 deacons and 8 lay brothers, so that tantus omnium personarum
erit numerus, quantus erat XIII Apostolorum et LXXII discipulorum. The
males a Monasterio Sororum oiiinino sint separat!, unam habcntcs pro se curiam,
in qua habitabunt, etc. Cap. 12: Abbatissa eligatur a Conventu, legitime vero
electa ab Episcopo contirmetur, qua3 ob reverentiam beatissimae Virginia, cui hie
Ordo dedicata est. Caput et Domina esse debet, quia ipsa Virgo, cujus Abbatissa
gent vicem in terris, ascendentc Christo in ca-los. Caput et Regina extitit Aposto-
lorum et Discipulorum Christi.
' Compare the two Constitutions published at the council of Vienna, A. D.
1311, Clementin. Lib. HI. Tit. 11. c. 1; and Lib. V. Tit. 3. c. 3. In the first:
statum earundem (Beguinaruiii) perpctuo duximus prohibendum, et a Dei ecclesia
penitus abolendum. cf. Mosheim de Beghardis, p. 244 seq.
* Extrav. comm. Lib. HI. Tit. IX. A. D. 1318 (not 1325, see Mosheim, 1. c.
p. 627) ; quia in multis mundi parlibus plurima; sunt mulieres, qua; similiter vulgo
Chap. III. Monachism. ^^ 112. Beghards and Lollards. 99
progress was made by the society of the Alexiani, or fratres Cellitce,
called Lollards by the people, who had associated themselves in
Antwerp, soon after the year 1800, for the care of the sick and the
dead.-^ Lollard soon became synonymous with Begliard, and equiva-
lent to heretic.'* In spite of all opposition they spread themselves
more and more, till Gregory XL at length decreed that they too
should be left unmolested, as long as they were free from heresy. ="'
Beghinfe vocatas, sep;regatae, quandoque in parentum, aut suis, interdum vero aliis
ā domibus insimul habitantes, vitas ducunt honcstas, ecclesias devote frequentant,
ā nee se vel aliuni ā prajmissis opinionibus erroribusque involvunt: ā nos Beghi-
nas hujusmodi non culpabiles ā sub pi-ohibitione et abolitione (dementis V) prffi-
missis ā volunius non includi, locorum ordinaiiis nihilominus injungentes, ut eas
sub prstextu hujusmodi nuUatenus molestaripennittant. ā Cajterum statum Beghi-
narum hujusmodi, quas esse permittimus, ā nullatenus ex prajmissis intendimus
approbarc. Compare the bull addressed to the bishop of Strasburg, A. D. 1318, in
Mosheim, 1. c. p. 630. In another addressed to the Italian bishop, A. D. 1326,
Ibid. p. 638, he interferes in behalf of the mulieres, Beguinas vulgariter nuneu-
patas, seu de pcenitentia b. Dominici, in Lombardis et Tuscife partibus.
3 Lollhard from lollen, lullen, i. e. to sing softly. Annales Holland, et Ultra-
jeet. in Jl. Matthcei Analect. vet. tevi, T. I. p. 431 : Die Lollardtjes die brochten
de dooden by een, cf. Matthcei, 1. c. T. II. p. 345, 643. Jo. Bapt. Gramaye
Antwerpia, Lib. II. c. 6. p. 16. Ejusd. Lovanium in his Antiquitt. Belgicis,
Lovan. 1708. fol. p. 18. Mosheim institt. hist. Eccl. p. 580, note y. Ejusd.
comm. de Beghardis, p. 583 seq.
ā * See Jo. Hocsemii (a Canonicus in Liege about 1348) gesta PontifT. Leodiens.
lib. 1. c. 31 (in Chapeavilli gestorum Pontiff. Leod. scriptores, T. II. p. 350) :
Eodem anno (1309) quidam hypocrita; gyrovagi, qui Lollardi sive Deum laudantes
vocabantur, per Hannoniam et Brabanliam quasdam mulieres nobiles deceperunt.
^ Two bulls of the 7 Apr. 1374, and 2 Dec. 1377, addressed to the German and
Netherland bishops, in Mosheim de Beghardis, p. 396 and 401. In the second:
Ad au(iientiam nostram pervenit, quod in vestris civitatibus et dicecesibus sint
nonnulli pauperes utriusque sexus, qui humiliter et honeste in tidei puritate et
honestis vestibus aut habitibus in paupertate et castitate vivunt, et ecclesias devote