as 1373 they were still found there in great numbers (see Gregorii P. XI. Ep. ad
Carol, v., in Raynald. 1373. no. 20), and in 1375 they vveie violently persecuted
in the same province (Raynald. ad h. a. no. 26).
■* See § 110, note 3. Thus the Beguines in the Liber Sententiarum Inquis.
Tolos. see Limborch, p. 3S1, were all Beguini, qui se dicunt esse de tertio ordiue
s. Francisci.
* See above, § 112, note 3.
^ They were found chiefly at Cologne, where an edict was issued against them
in 1306, by the archbishop, Henjy of Virneburg ( .Mosheim de Beghardis et Be-
guinabus, p. 210). In A. D. 1322, Waltherus, Fratiicellorum princeps et haere-
siaicha pessimus was btiint at the stake (Jo. Tritheniii Chron. Hii-saug. T. II.
p. 155), and the persecution was renewed in 1325 (see the contemporary Willelmi
Egmondani Chron. in Ant. Matthcei veteris »vi Analecta, T. II. p. 643 : Eodem
anno Begardorum ncquitia, quae diversis mundi climatibus hactenus latere cernitur,
apud Coloniam propalatur. Isti enim eorum ibidem stultitiam praedicantes, et
matronas varias ad ipsorum ludibria contrahentes sub terra quoddam mirabile
habitaculum fecerant, quod Paradysum vocabant. — Ad quem locum, ut sai-pius
etiam in nocte Parasceues convenire decreverant, ubi cujusdam potentis uxorein
cum ceteris invilabant. The husband followed, cujusdam Lollardi habitu indutus.
One of the company, nititur surgerc, in Jesu sua;que niatris Mariaj, ut ajcbat, pras-
sentia erroris materiam propalare. Duo enim — ibidem aderant, qui se Mariam et
ejus filium asserebant. Dictus itaque nudus pra;dicans, et omnes more innocen-
tum ad nuditatcm exhortans, vario crrore tam piinia quam media nititur detcgere,
et conchisionem tenebris, extinctione candclarum videlicet, deturpare, which was
the signal for the most scandalous scenes. Tlie concealed witness informed against
them. Capiuntur igitur — hujus sectac singuli, quorum corpus aut ignis voragine
aut Rheni llumine suHbcatur). Shortly after this the Provincial of the Domini-
cans, Jlicardus or Eccardus, in Cologne, was discovered and condemned as a
Beghard, and the sentence confirmed by John XXII, A. 1). 1329 (Raynald. ad
h. a. no. 70. Mosheim de Beghardis, ]). 281). Still the decrees against them had
to be renewed by archbishop Walram, 1335 (Mosheim , p. 294), and his successor,
William, 1357, quia hujusniodi hoiuinum perniciosa de novo incipit in nostra civi-
tate et diwcesi invalescere multitudo (Mosheim, p. 330). — In Strasburg a decree
was issued against them by the bishop, A. D. 1317 {Mosheim, p. 255) ; and as late
Chap. VII. Heretics. § 119. Beghards. 129
renounced their allegiance to the church, but all regard to the com-
mon rules of morality." They disseminated their doctrines by means
as 1366 many of them were burned at the stake in that city (Mosheiin, p. 332) :
— In Constance thiee Beghards were burned in A. D. 1339 (Vitoduranus, p.
76), in Speyer, 1356, a hasresiarcha ex eorum secta, Berthold, who had been
before distinguished for liis activity in the cause in Franconia (Jo. Trithemii
Chron. Hirsaug. T. II. p. 231). — At about tiiis time they began to spread in the
north of Germany. In Magdeburg, 1336, quanlam Beghina; de his, qua; se de
alto spiritu appellant were discovered by archbishop Otho (Chron. Magdeb. in
Meibomii Scriptt. Rer. Germ. T. II. p. 340) : afterwards it is related to the praise
of the inquisitor, Walter Kerling, that by liis activity, A. D. 1367, tliis sect in
Magdebuig et in Erfordia et parlibus convicinis est abolita et deleta (Chron. Mag-
deb. completed in J. G. Menc.kenii Scriplt. Rer. Germ. T. III. p. 370. cf.
Mosheim,\). SoS). — In Lübeck, A.D. 1402, Wilhelinus quidam, albis vestibus
indutus, et pro Apostolo se gerens was discovered per varia iinpudicitiae signa et
verba diversis personis expressa, et turpia exercitia cum pluribus habita. Propter
quod a i)onis et honestis mulieribus accusabatur apud Inquisitorem h^reticaj pravi-
tatis (Herrn. Ccurneri Chron. in Eccardi Corp. Sciiptt. medii sevi. T. II. p. 1185).
' See § 87, note 20. Compare also the bull of John XXII., A. D. 1329, (iJay-
nald. ad h. a. no. 70), condemning the 26 propositions of the Dominican Eccard
(see note 6). The verbal agreement of many of these with the fragments
given by Mosheim from a German work of the sect De novem rupibus seems
to prove that Eccard was the author of this last. See further the proposi-
tions of the Beghards condemned by John XXII. in the bull In agro Do-
minico 1330, in Ccerneri Chron. in Eccardi Corp. Scriptt. medii a;vi, T. II.
p. 1035, in Mosheim de Beghardis, p. 284 : I. Quod in anima nostra est a Deo
increatum et increabile, puta intellectus humanus. II. Item quod Deus neque
bonus est neque malus, sed nee optimus : et tam male dictum est, Deum esse
bonum, sicut dicei'e, album esse nigrum. III. Item quod in omni malo tam poenae
quam culpae manifestatur et relucet aqualiter gloria Dei. IV. Item quod vitupe-
rans quenquam, ipso peccato vituperii laudat IDeuin, et quanto plus vituperat et
gravius peccat, tanto amplius laudat Deum. V. Item quod petens a Deo hoc vel
hoc, malum petit et male, quia petit negationem honi, et negationem Dei, et orat
sibi Deum negari. VI. Item quod in illis hominibus honoratur Deus, qui non
intendunt res, nee honores, nee utilitatem, nee devotionem internam, nee sanctita-
tem, nee premium aut regnum coelorum, sed omnibus his renuntiaverant. VII.
Item quod homo debeat bene delibei-are, utrum ipse velit a Deo aliquid recipere,
quia ubi esset homo a Deo recipiens, ibi esset sub Deo, vel infra euni, sicut unus
famulus vel servus, et Deus aliquid esset in dando. Sed sic non debemus esse in
vita seterna, sed debemus ei conregnare. VIII. Item quod nos transformamur
totaliter in Deum, et convertimur in eum simili modo, sicut in Sacramento panis
convertitur in corpus Christi. IX. Item quod quilibet talis dicere potest: quic-
quid dedit pate;- unigenito tilio suo in divinis, hoc totum dedit et mihi et sibi. X.
Item quod quicquid dicit s. Scriptura de Christo, hoc totum verihcatur etiam de
quolibet homine justo et bono. XI. Item quod quicquid est proprium divina;
naturae, lioc totum proprium est homini justo et bono, et propter hoc homo iste
operatur, quod Deus operatur, et creavit una cum Deo coslum et terrani, et est
genitor verbi Eeterni, et Deus sine tali homine nihil facere potest. XII. Item quod
bonus homo debet conformare voluntatem suam voluntati Dei in omnibus, ut ipse
velit Deo conformiter, quod ipse vult. Et quia Deus vult, me aliquo modo pec-
casse, ideo nollem ego, quod peccata non commisissem, et hsc vera est pcenitentia.
XIII. Item quod si homo commisisset mille peccata mortalia, si homo esset ad
talia dispositus, non deberet se velle ea non commisisse. XiV. Item quod Deus
non prfficepit proprio actum exteriorem, nee actus exterior est bonus, aut divinus,
nee operatur in ipsum proprie Deus. XV. Item quod bonus homo est unigenitus
Dei filius, quem Pater aeternaliter genuit. XVI. Item quod omnes creaturae sunt
unum pure nihil. They held the highest distinction of man to be, to live as a part
of the Universal, i. e. of God. In those who were conscious of this oneness with
God, every incUnation and impulse was divine, and every law which hindered its
gratification, a hindrance to the perfect union with God. They supposed that
VOL. HI. 17
130 Third Period. Div. 1 V. A. D. 1 305 — 1409.
of wandering preachers,^ and writings in the German language,^ and
by their iieresies called once more into action the long dormant
power of the Inquisition in Germany. '^ To these Beghards belonged
perhaps the Adamites, who appeared in Austria in the year 1312, ^^
before the fall man had this consciousness of unity with God in its greatest perfec-
tion ; and this state they wanted to restore. Hence the custom of assembling
naked, the name Paradise for their places of assembling, and the promiscuous
intercourse (see note 6) instead of wedlock, which, as an especial connexion with
an individual, they considered a hindrance to the oneness with the Universal.
* Conradus de Monte PtieUarum, Canon, in Ratisbonne in the 14th century,
says of the Beghards, in a fragment published by Gretser (appended to Hainerius
contra Waldenses, Ingolst. 1613. 4to., also in the Bibliolh. Patrum Lugd. T. XXV.
p. 310) : Sunt enim hujusmodi viri rusticani, et plerique mechanici, corpore ro-
busti, et literarum omnino inexperti ac penitus idiota;, aut si literas aliqualiter
norunt, tenuissimum tamen est, quod sciunt. Hi opera manualia suorum post-
ponentes artificiorum, cucullafi gyrovagando provincias per diversas incedunt, et
iatebras quarunt occultas, pracipue hospitii- Beginarum inhiantes, co quod simile
suo simili complaudat. Quibus pro nocturno receptaculo in prima congressione
malitiffi suee, coloratis verbis, insanas et ut plui'imum infectivas seminant doctrinas.
At ilia» illorum in crastino promotrices, seu ut verius dicam copulatrices, ostiatim
per domos cursitant mulierum, intimando sub arcani sigillo, asserentes, angelum
verb! divini adesse occultum, quoadusque conventicula eisdem hypocritis placita
congregentur. Quibus secretissime convenientibus in unum, labia suas malitis
resolvunt, de attributis in divinis atque de proprietatibus divinae bonitatis disseren-
do. Et sic paulatim descendendo affirmant, qualiter ex pietate divina homo ad Dei
imaginera creatus existat, et tantum mereri valeat per exercitium bonorum ope-
rum, ut Christo, Domino nostro, in humana anima sua a que perfectus quis efficia-
tur. Taliuin etenim unum de Suevia natum ego in Ratispona reperi, qui jam
prasdictum et articulos alios in Clementinis prohibitos sub titulo de Ha;reticis ^d
nostrum (Clementin. Lib. V. Tit. 3. c. 3) diligenter affirmabat, etc. These
strolling preachers seem to be the ApostoU who are so frequently mentioned in
connexion with the Beghards.
^ Such as those of Eccard, see note 8. So too, Walter, who was bui-ned in
Cologne, see Trithemii Chron. Hirsaug. T. II. p. 155: Loharcus [Lulhardus'\
autem ille Waltherus, natione Hollandinus, Latini sermonis parvam habcbat noti-
tiam, et quia Romano non potuit, sermone sibi Teuthonico plures sui erroris libellos
conscripsit, quos deceptis per se occultissime conmiunicavit. Of Gerhardi Beg-
hardi tract, de epirituali exercitatione reparationis lapsus, see Mosheim de Beg-
hardis, p. 376. Compare the edict of the emperor Charles IV. in A. D. 1369 (in
Mosheim, p. 369) : Attendentes, — quod in partibus Alemanniae propter serniones,
tractatus et alios libros in vulgari scriptos, inter personas laicas vel pene laicas
dispersos, quos libros ut plurimum vel viciosos, erroneos ac lepra liasresis infectos
laici legentes — a veritate auditum averfunt. — Quapropter districte prajcipiendo
mandamus universis, — quatenus in recipiendis, exigendis hujusmodi libris vulgari
scriptis, — prasertim cum Laicis lüj-iusque sex^tsseatlldum canonicas sanctiones
etiam libris vulgaribus quibuscunque de sacra scriptura uti non liceat (see § 86,
note 26), — assistatis Inquisitoribus, etc.
'" About A. D. 1367, Urban V. appointed 2 Dominicans (o be Inquisitors for
Germany (Mosheim de Beghardis, p. 335), one of whom, Walther Kerling, soon
made himself formidable to the Beghards. In 1369 the Inquisitors were vigorously
supported by Charles IV (Mosheim, p. 343). Gregory XI. increased the number
of Inquisitors to four, A. D. 1372 (Mosheim, p. 380) ; Boniface IX., 1399, ap-
pointed six for the north of Germany alone (Mosheim, p. 384).
" See Anon\'mi Auctoris brevis narratio de nefanda ha;resi Adamitica in varus
Austriae locis sieculo XIV grassante in Pezii Scriptt. Rcrum Austriac. T. II. p.
533. In A. D. 1312, there were numerous heretics detected in Krems, St. Hip-
polyt and Vienna, and many of them burned. Their oflences : Primus casus est,
quod coniparabant Missas Lucifero, credentes at dicentes, quod ipse adhuc cum
Chap. VII. Heretics. § 120. Flagellants. 131
and the Liiciferians in Angermuende, A. D. 1336 ;i" but certairdy
the Turlupines, who were exterminated from the Isle of France,
A. D. 1372.1^
<§» 120.
FLAGELLANTS.
[Jac. Boileau'] Historia Flagellantium, de recto et perverso flagrorum usu apud
Christianos. Paris. 1700. 12mo. Ch. Schcettgen de secta flagellantium com-
mentatio. Lips. 1711. 8vo. — Dr. E. G. Forste mann die christl. Geiszler-
gesellschaften. Halle, 1828. 8vo.
Notwithstanding the easy terms on which the forgiveness of sins
was now granted by the church, the practice of flagellation still con-
tinued ni high repute amongst the devout. Among the common
people also, in times of great calamity and distress, this means of
Michsele confligeret, et de eo triumpharet, et quod tunc Lucifer, Angelique sui
apostatae cum credentibus, h. e. cum haereticis, eeterna gaudia possideant. Secun-
dus casus est : Sanctus autem Michael cum suis Angelis in beatitudine jam exis-
tentibus, suisque credentibus, aeterno deputetur incendio puniendus. Item dicunt
se habere XVI Apostolos, annis singulis — cliniata mundi perlustrantes, ex quibus
annuatim Paradisum introeant, auctoritatem ligandi et solvendi ab Helia et Enoch
recipiant, quam suis possent communicare credentibus. They denied that Maiy
was a virgin, rejected the sacraments and the worship of the church, and re-
proached the clergy. Quintam feriam noctem insomnem, diemque Parasceues in
luxuria et voluptate, ac dissolutione repletioneque ventris in esu carnium — tran-
sigebant (because this was the great fast of the church). Further, of iheir
hypocritical observance of Catholic customs, secret marks of recognition, &,c.
One of them, who was burned to death by St. Hippolyt, confessed: fateor hodie,
si fides nostra per XV annos in suo robore perstitisset, cogitaveramus earn publice
praedicare, ac manu valida defensare. It is further remarked : raro est apud eos
homo cujuscunque sexus, qui textum Novi Testamenti non sciat cordetenus in
vulgari. In a persecution which took place afterwards, they resisted, see Cata-
logus Abbatum Glunicensium in Pez. 1. c. p. 330: anno 1338, in civitati Laurea-
censi et Styrensi, aliisque vicinis locis suborta est inquisitio haereticorum, et ab
istis econtra persecutio Catholicorum, prsesertim Cleri et Religiosorum. An ac-
I count of these Austrian heretics is given also by Jo. Vitoduraniis, p. 44 and 45
1 ad ann. 1336, and their meetings in hypogeis sive aliis quibusque locis subterra-
neis described. It is to be observed, however, that the name haeresis Adamitica
is found applied to these heretics only in the title of this anonymous work, which
I is plainly of a later date. The name was perhaps taken, therefore, from the Adam-
a ites, who appeared in Bohemia in the I5th century. It is uncertain, from the
' impeifect account we have of these heretics, whether they belonged to the
brethren of the free spirit, or to the Cathari, who are found in these regions as
early as the 13th century (see Epist. Yvonis, § 87, note 15).
*^ Chronicon Magdeb. apud Meibom. II. p. 340.
'â– * Mosheim de Beghardis, p. 413 seq. ThusGregorii XI. Ep. ad Carolum V. in
Raynald. ann. 1373, no. 19: secta Begardorum, qui alias Turlupini dicuntur.
Jo. Gersonii Sermo de s. Ludovico (0pp. et du Pin, T. III. p. 1435) : Begardi et
Turilupini de nulla re naturaliter data erubescendum esse dicebant. Id. de ex-
arainat. doctrinarum, P. II. Cons. 6. A. D. 1423 (T. I. p. 19): sicut nulla est
vehementior quam luxuriosa libido, sic ad errandum falsumque docendum nulla
perniciosior. Patuit in sectis Turelupinorum, quarum sequaces non desunt usque
hodie, quando et ubi latere putaverint serpunt ubilibet.
133 Third Period. Div. IV. A. D. 1305 — 1409.
appeasing the divine wrath was resorted to,' as more efficacious than
those coiumoiily used in tlu; church. In tlie year 134S a phigue,
which came from Asia into Europe, and spread its desohitioii tar and
wide,- led to the formation of various societies of FhigelUints, first
estahlished in the north of Germany in the spring of 1349, and soon
extendin'T themselves throughout the land, as well as in the neigh-
bourinor countries.-^ They conducted their exercises according to
fixed rules, having no connexion with the clergy, and being solely
under the direction of their own masters (Magistri) •,^^ nor did they
make any secret of their conviction that the means of salvation
recommended by the church were far inferior in efllcacy to their
flao-ellations.^ Clement VI. prohibited their public processions, al-
ready very common,'^ but this only led them to practise their penance
the more zealously in private. The disgust against the church,
> Of the pilgrimages of the Flagellants in Italy, in the years 1334 and 1350, see
Förstemann, S. 54.
2 Called in Germany the great death, in the north the black death, see Kurt
Sprengels Beiträge zur Gesch. der Medicin, Bd. 1. St. 1. S. 36 ff.
^ Of these, Cruciferi, Flagellatores, Flagcllantes, see Hehir. a Rebdorff annales
ad ann. 1349; Matthice A''eoburg. Continuation hy ..Albertus Argent, in Ursti-
tius II. p. 147; Lim p u rgis ch elChronik, S. 10; Henricus de Ilcrvordiain
Bruns Beiträgen aus alten Handschriften, St. 3. S. 294; Jac.v. Königsho-
vens El rassische Chronik, S. 297. — Compare Förstemann, S. 64 ff.
* See Jac. v. Königshovcn, S. 298 (in Förstemann, S. 258) : Heinr. a Rebdorff
ad ann. 1349 : Isti flagellatores cum multas superstitiones attentare pra;3umerent,
nimirum invicem se absolvere a peccatis, prjedicantes apocrypha et siiiülia, propter
quod Laici sunt Clero graviter indignati.
ä See the song of the Flagellants, fragments of which are given in the Limpurg
Chronicle, hut which are given more complete in a Low-German dialect, by ür.
H. F. Massmann (Erläuterungen zum Wessobrunner Gebet, Berlin, 1824. S. 39.
Compare Förstemann, S. 267).
6 In the bull of the 20th of Oct. 1349, directed to the German archbishops, in
Jo. Tritheinii Chron. Hirsaug. II. p. 209; and in Raynald. ann. 1349, no. 20:
Sane molesfa nobis — relatio — nostrum — turbavit auditum, quod in partibus regni
Germania; et ei convicinis quffdam sub pra^textu devolionis et agend;« pcenitentia»
vana religio et superstitiosa adinvcntio — surrexerit, per quam profana inultiludo
sirnpliciuni hominum, qui se Flagellatores appellant, decepta verbis hctis et men-
dacibus malignorum, asserentium Salvatoi'em nostrum jerosolymis Patriarchse
Jerosolymitano apparuisse (cum tarnen a longis citra tempoiibus nullus ibidem
prffisentialiter fuerit Patriarcha), et sibi aliqua dixisse, qua; colorem non habentia
nee saporem, in quibusdam scriptur« sacrae obviare noscuntur, in illam cordis
vesaniam et animas damnationis prscipitium est deducta; — quod se per societates
et conventicula — dividens diversas circuivit patrias, ca>terorum vilam et statum
contemncndo se justiticant, et claves ecclesia; vilipendunt, ac in conteinplum dis-
cipline ecclesiastics crucem Domini ante sc, et habitum certum, nigrum videlicet,
ante et relro ip.>ius viviticae crucis appcnsum habentcm signaculum, sine superioris
licentia deferentes; sub nomine poenitentice vitam gerunt insolitam ; congrega-
tiones, conventicula et coadunationes, quas a jure sunt prohibitae, faciunt, et ad
alios actus ])rosiliunt, a vita et moribus observanliaque tidelium Christianorum
penitus alienos ; ordinationes etiam et statuta, quibus utuntur, imo vcrius abutun-
tui', propria temeritate fecerunt, crroris suspirione non vacua et judicio rationis
carentia. After the prohiliition follows the limitation : Per pra^dicta taiiien nequa-
(luam intendimus prohibcre, quin Christitidelcs impositain silii panilentiam, vel
etiam non inqxisitam, dummodo recta inlentione et pura devotione ad ilhun pera-
gendam procedant, in suis ho^pitiis, vel alias, absque superstitiosis congregationi-
bns, societalibus et conventiculis supradictis possint facere.
Chap. VII. Heretics. § 120. Flagellants. 133
which persecuted a work so well pleasing in the siglit of God merely
from interested motives, led them now to associate themselves to-
gether more closely, and thus, with the help of the Beghards, there
sprung up the heretic sect of the Flagellants, sometimes compre-
hended under the more general name of Beghards.'' This sect con-
tinued in Germany (found especially in Thuringia) till the Reforma-
tion, and was always much dreaded by the church. ^
'' First trace of them in the letter of Gregory XI. to an Inquisitor in Germany,
in Raynald. ann. 1372, no. 33: cum, sicut accepimus, pestis illorum haereticorum
neganlium ecclesiastica sacramenta, qui appellantur Flagellatores, in nonnuUis
Alaniannise parti'jus — dicatur exorta, etc. Trithemius in Chron. Hirsau«-. T.
II. p. 296, relates, that in the year 1392, the papal Inquisitor in Würzburg dis-
covered hffireticos nonnullos ex siuiplicioribus et rusticanis de secta Flagellantium
et Fratricellorum, and afterwards in Eifurth simili pravitate infectos, Beghardos,
Beguttas et alios, quorum aliqui cremati sunt ignibus, aliqui vero poenitentiam
egerunt super erroribus suis, reliqui fugam inierunt.
* The first full account of their docti'ines, in the investigation which took place
at Sangerhausen, 1414, where the Dominican Henry Schönefeld compelled some
of them to retract, and burned 91 at the stake. See their 50 ai-ticles in Theod. Vrie
hist. Cone. Const. P. III. Dist. 13 (in v. d. Hardt Cone. Const. T. I. P. I. p. 126)
and Cyr. Spangenbergs Chionik v. Sangerhausen (in Bud er s niitzl.
Sammlung verschiedener meist ungedruckter Schiiften, Frankf. u. Leipz. 1735.
S. 335 ff.). I. Quod secta crucifrati-um, qui ad LX annos vel circa semetipsos
flagellando cum cantu per mundum transiverunt, originem habuerit ex quibusdam
literis, quas Angeli sancti Romae super altare b. Petii de ccslo portaverint. II.
Quod ante LX annos, cum se ipsos flagellando crucifratres transiverunt, Deus
Papam Romanum et omnes Episcopos, ca;terosque praelatos et sacerdotes, ne dein-
ceps populo in spiritualibus pisessent, licenliaiit, et omni auctoritate ligandi et
solvendi, aut quascunque res consecrandi eosdem simpliciter privarit. 111. Quod,
sicut in expulsione negotiatorum de templo propter sacerdotum maliliam Christus
repudiavit et abjecit sacerdotium Judaicum : ita in transitu crucifratrum propter
presbyterorum nequitiam Deus licentiarit et abjecerit sacerdotium Evangelicum.
VI. Sacerdotes baptismum aquae et aliorum sex sacramentorum legem pridicando
docentes, sint seipsos cum populo eisdem ciedente spiritualiter occidentes. IX. In
transitu crucifratrum lex baptismi aquae deposita a Deo, et lex baplismi proprii
sanguinis instituta. XII. Quod post transitum crucifratrum nemo potuit salvari et
verus existere Christianus, nisi in proprio sanguine cum flagello de corpore suo
excusso baptizaretur, et flagellatorum esset consectaneus. XV. Quod Deum et
corpus Christi non conlineat sub se realiter aliaris sacramentum. XVI. Quod si
hoc esset verum, quod in sacramento altaris esset veraciter Christus Deus, diu
esset devoratus, etiamsi esset mons ingens et magnus. XIX. Quod si Christus sit
veraciter in sacramento altaris, tunc Juda traditore, qui eundem Christum dedit
pro XXX argenteis, sacerdotes moderni pejores existant : quia Christum pro uno
denario vendunt. XXII. Qui sacerdoli confitetur, non plus munditia» acquirit,
quam qui sui lutosas se allidit. XXIII. Quod omnia peccata, quantumcunque
enormia, tollat sola pioprii corporis flagellatio spontanea. XXIX. Quod post
inchoationem secta; flagellatorum nullus more RomanEe Ecclesia; Septem sacra-
menta percipere potuerit, qui in ipsorum perceptione mortaliter non peccai-et.
XXXIV. Quod Antichristus diu regnarit et regnet, et quotidie immineat dies
judicii. Quod Elias -et Enoch jam in mundo apparuerint, et diu sint mortui.
XXXV. Quod Antichristus, qui diu jam regnarit, sint Preelati, Presbyteri. Qui
omnes Antichrisli sint et dicantur, quod sectam flagellatorum infestent et perse-
quantur. XXXVI. Quod Elias jam mortuus sit, qui fuerit quidam Begardus, qui
ante XLVIII annos propter haeresin in Erfordia combu-tus est. XXXVII. Quod
Enoch, qui jam de saiculo diu migrarit, fuerit Conradus Smet (Schmidt), qui haere-
ses supradictas primus in Thuringia publicavit. XLII. Quod ultimum judicium in
die novissimo non instituturus sit Christus, sed Conradus Smet, flagellatorum
134 Third Period. Div. IV. A. D. 1305 — 1409.
This warninor example, coiiibined with the natural mistrust of the
hierarchy towards all spiritual excitement, not originating in themselves,
decided the fate of the later Flagellants. In tiie year 1399 a .society
of this character, the White Brethren (Bianchi),* descended from