946), quod aut suspendatur decretum de annatis, aut debita sedi Apostolicae fiat
provisio: the answer was (p. 950), that such provision would be made, si Summus
Pontifex ipse circa synodalium decretorum observantiam animurn, ut decet, incli-
naverit. After this on the 20th of Jan. 1436, a new embassy to the Pope was
resolved on, which was commissioned to use still more decided language, and to
declare in conclusion (see their instructions, 1. c. p. 1064), quod sacruna Concilium
non Valens amplius ista tolerare, mittit dictos oratores, per quos sacrum Concilium
rogat ipsura dominum nostrum, — ac solemniter et peremtorie requirit et monet,
ut — velit a talibus penitus abslinere, ac efiicaciter servare decreta istius sacri
Concilii, et tenorem adliKsionis suae; et quod in testimonium liujus infra XXV.
dies a die hujuscemodi monitionis publice ac solemniter in Consistorio publico
debeat facere legi htteras more Curis Romana; bullatas infrascripti tenoris, mitten-
das infra [alios] XXV. dies ad sacrum Concihum, in generali congregatione seu
sessione legendas. Quod si — prasdicta non fecerit — ipsum sacrum Concilium
protestatur coram Deo et hominibus, quod sine alia dilatione et citatione — proced&t
contra ipsum juxta decretum Concilii Constantiensis. The accompanying form of
the bull required from the Pope was this (p. 1065) : Omnes appellationes inter-
positas vel interponendas ad nos a sententiis latis per sacrum Concilium, vel Com-
missaries aut Judices ejusdeni ipso durante, annullamus et irritamus, mandantes
sub posna excommunicationis latae sententifE omnibus Judicibus et Commissariis
auctoritate nostra deputatis, ne super illis procedere audeant. Revocamus etiam
omnia gravamina, et quidquid factum est dicta auctoritate nostra contra tenorem
nostras adhaesionis, ac contra decreta ipsius sacri Concilii Basileensis : ratificamus
et approbamus omnia decreta ipsius sacri Concilii Basileensis, et praesertim de
electionibus et de annatis: pollicemur, quod sine dolo et fraude ilia manutenere et
servare, etc. Then follows the Monitorium, to be delivered to the Pope, in which
the complaints against him are detailed in full. Amongst them are the following
(p. 1067) : quotidie nostrae a diversis personis ac pro varus causis aures pulsantur
propter importabilia gravamina eis ilia in derogationem per nos nostraque auctori-
tate gestorum, potissime quod adversum sententias hie latas, quae in rem transive-
rint judicatam, adversum ipsara etjam causarum pendentiara in hoc sacro Concilio,



196 Third Period. Div. V. A. D. 1409 — 1517.

negotiations with the Greeks were once more made a pretext by the
Pope for removing the seat of the council into Italy, where his influ-
ence could be exerted to more effect. The fathers at Basil, however,



rescripta concesserit quotidieve concedat, appellationes etiara a scntentiis per hanc
Synodum seu ejusdem Commissarios latis in Curia et extra commiserit et com-
mittat, lites propter hoc i'aciendo inimortalcs, ct divisiones quam plurimas seminan-
do, necnon varia supposita (svppots) ab hoc sacro Concilio avocando, qui in agendo
pro universali Ecclesia pluriiuuin conferebant. Here we find ah-eady the charge,
p. 1068 : Intellexit a tide dignis pluriiuis s. Synodus, eundem Dominum Eugeniura
ad diversos reges et principes suos nuncios destinasse, ut in earundem annatarum
perseverantia sibi adsisterent. A letter of instructions given by the Pope, soon
after this, to his nuntios, sent to the various princes, (see Raynald. ann. 1436, no.
2 seq., contains a full defence against these charges, and a complaint of the whole
proceedings of the Council. It is mentioned as an unheard of heresy, (no. 3),
Concilia generalia non suscipere auctoritatem et fundanientum a Chi-isti A'icario,
so that also Romanos Pontifex, ut Pra-latus quilibet, obediie tenctur decretis —
Concilii. — Quod nihil aliud est, quam poteslatem Summi Pontilicis Christique
Vicarii in'teriis totaliter annihilare, et supremam potestatem ipsi a Christo datam in
manibus multitudinis ponere : quod est non tarn erroneum, quam etiam ab omni
doctrina ss. Patrum totaliter alienum, immo toto statu catholicorum Principum
valde perniciosum, quoniam pari modo possent eorum populi, si congregarentur,
supra eos praetendere potestatem. The Decretura de anuatis is (no. 4) in grave
prasjudicium et depressionem Apostolica; sedis, cum a t^nto tempore, de cu-
jus contrario non est memoria, et per multa retro saecula (see § 100, note 26 ;
§ 102, note 3) Summus Pontifex — in pacifica fuerit possessione de levandis
annatis : — utpote qua; nunquam fuerint per aliquod Concilium revocatae, immo
potius in generali Viennensi ( ! ! ) et Constantiensi Concilio susceptae. — Cardinales
etiam S. K. E. et cseteri Curiales Romana; Cul•ia^ — in pra^sentia S. D. N. publice
sunt protestati, — affirmantes, quod si decretum hujusmodi tarn prscipitanter factum
debebat observari, compellebantur relinquere sedem Apostolicam et ejus servilia.
Furthermore the council had never seriously considered of any other provision for
the Pope. There is some justice in the complaint (no. 6) that the council had
interfered unjustifiablj' in the administration of the church : Illud summe adver-
tendum est, et ad quos ornnis Principum consideratio se convertere debet, quod ii,
qui Basileae sunt, omnia administrant et faciunt tam in spiritualibus quam in tem-
poralibus qua; spectant et pertinent ad exercitium supremi in Ecclesia Principis,
quoniam minores causas agunt, de causis confirmationis cognoscunt, postulationes,
quE8 soli gratia; nituntur, et quos solus Papa consuevit admittere vel rejicere, non
solum in Concilio recipiunt, immo eas contra provisiones Apostolicse sedis admittunt,
— de canonizationibus Sanctorum cognoscunt, beneficia et otficia — dant, pensiones
super beneficiis iniponunt, confessionalia concedunt more Romana; Curia?, abomnibus
peccatis absolvunt, — dant indulgentias, — faciunt Doctores in omni facultate nullo
vel modico examine praevio, cum illegitimis dispensant ad ordines, dignitates et
haereditates, plerisque pallium conferunt, Episcopos consecrari prajcipiunt, — in
gradibus a jure prohibitis dispensant ita faciiiter, ut repertum sit, dispensatum esse
per unum Pra;latuin in secundo gradu consanguinitatis auctoritate, ut dicebatur,
Concilii. — Qujb omnia nullum umquam generalium Conciliorum — facere pra»-
sumpsit, etc. — The legates are therefore directed to call on the princes to interfere
(no. 14), unless the council should yield (sexto), ipsi Principes velint suos oratores
de Basilea revocare, necnon etiam Prwlatos eorum et subdilos tam ecclesiasticos,
quam sa'culares. The close of these instructions is characteristic (no. 15), where
the legates are directed what arguments to address to the emperor, and what to the
king of France. Then: Similiter unicuique Regi et Principi specialia quasdam
dici poterunt pro majori parte, prout erit expediens, qua; ipsimet nuntii pro eorum
prudentia scient reperire. Non esset etiam malum, quod nuntii — habeant aliquas
particularitates etiam in foro conscientia», ut possent gratificare Regibus et Princi-
pibus. Utile pra-terea foret, si ii nuntii Apostolici secuni portarcnt sub bulla
aliquam Cnris reformationem, quam Regiluis et Principibus pra;sentarent. Hoc
enim baculo adversarii nostri semper nos invadunt et percutiunt, quia dicunt multa
in Romana Curia fieri, quae egent magna reparatione, nee ilia tarnen corriguntur.



Chap. I. Papacy. § 131. Council of Basil. Evgenius IV. 197

not blind to the danger, obstinately refused every such proposition ; ^^
and thus it soon came to an open rupture. On tlie 3 Ist of July,

1437, Sess. XXVI. the council summoned the Pope before its tri-
bunal,^- whilst Eugenius, on his part, transferred the council to
Ferrara,'^'^ and actually opened there a new synod on the 8th of Jan.

1438. The council renewed the sentence of suspension against him,
on the 24th of Jan. 1438, Sess. XXXI.'^* At this session, too, some

Per hanc reformationem, etiain si usquequaque plena non foret, modo essent
aliqua, eorum ora obstruerentur, qui continue lacerant et carpunt Romanai Curias
famam, — redderenturque tunc Reges et Principes melius ffidilicati, et niagis proni
ad condescendendum petitionibus Domini nostii Papte, etc.

^' After negotiations had already taken plrtce between the Pope and the Greeks,
there appeared, 1434, Greek ambassadors in Basil, who proposed to the council the
•following places of assembling (Sess. XIX. b. Mansi XXIX. p. 94), Calabria,
Ancona, vel alia terra maritima, Bononia, Mediolanum, vel alia civitas in Italia:
extra Italiam Buda in Hungaria, Vienna in Austria, et ad ultimum Sabaudia. The
council resolved (p. 95) to send ambassadors to Constantinople, to influence the
emperor, if possible, in favor of Basil, but otherwise to declai-e their leadiness to
choose amongst the places pioposed. The patriarch of Constantinople made answer
( Raynald. 1435, no. 8), that it was necessary, ut statuatur beatissimum Dominum
Papain in meditata oecumenica Synodo interesse personaliter, et non repraesenta-
tive, electo et statuto loco congruente et commodo pro quiete dicti beatissimi
Domini Eugenii et nostra. On this Sess. XXV. March 7, 1437, duplo major pars
of the synod voted in favor of Basil, Avignon, or Savoy, and in the following
manner (Mansi XXIX. p. 134), quod apud Imperatorem — et alios Grascos dili-
gens et del)ita fieret instantia, — ut ex diversis bonis respectibus civitatem Basileen-
sem acceptarent pro dicto oecumenico Concilio ibidem celebrando; quam si eos
omnino recusare contingeret, extunc civitas Avinionensis locus esset — Concilii. —
Si tarnen illud in eadem celebraii non posset, extunc in Sabaudia Concilium cele-
braretur antedictum. The minority, with the papal legates at their head, passed
another decree on the same day, in the name of the synod (see Raynald, 1437,
no. 7), ut videlicet civitas Florentina aut Utinum in patria Forijulii ponenda in
manu Concilii, seu quicunque alius locus tutus in decreto (Sess. XIX. see above)
comprehensus Summo Pontitici et Graecis accommodus pro oecumenico Concilio
eligatur, which was at once confirmed by the Pope in a bull dated June 29 (see
Raynald, 1437, no. 8). This stormy session is described in full by the eye-witness,
JEneas Sylvius, in a letter first published by Mansi XXXI. p. 220.

^^ Mansi XXIX. p. 137 seq. No charge was here brought against him but
disobedience to the decrees of the council: Ille, qui primus hac exequi debuerat,
quemque et Christi prfficepta et canones sacrorum Conciliorum pre» ca;teris servare
oportuerat, immo et ca;tei-os ad horum observantiam etficaciter inducere, nulla
unquam monitione, nulla exhortatione induci jam longo tempore potuit, ut aliquam
morum emendationem Christo placentem, aut notissiiiiorum abusuum correctionem
in Ecclesia sancta Dei efficere satageret. Quin potius conspicit universus orbis,
sub ejus regimine majora semper scandala gravioraque exoriri. Here follows a long
catalogue of offences. Non autem solum in rerum spiritualium regimine hanc ipsam
ruinam consideramus, sed et in gubernatione temporalium dominiorum s. Romanse
Ecclesiae notorios defectus attendimus. — Quantus enim terras ipse Dominus, Eu-
genius alienaverit, quantaeque ejus incuria et insolerti regimine deperditae et occu-
patas sint, — notoria facta testari videntur. The Pope is therefoi-e summoned to
appear before the council within 60 days, and the cardinals, ut infra eundem
terminura in hac civitate Basileensi compareant, saluti s. matris Ecclesis cum
caeteris in Synodo congregatis consulturi et opportune provisuri, prout Spiritus
Sanctus dictaveiit.

'^^ See Harduin IX. p. 698.

3* Sess. XXVIII. on the 1st of Oct. 1437, he was convicted of contumacy
(Mansi XXIX. p. 147). Sess. XXIX. on the 12th of Oct. the transferring of the
council to Ferrara was declared void, and all prelates commanded to appear at



198 Third Period. Div. V. A. D. 1409 — 1517.

last attempts were made at reform by restricting the liberty of appeal
to Rome,-'-^ and regulating the mode of appointment to vacant bene-
fices.-^'' From this time forward the whole attention of tlie Synod
was absorbed in the controversy with the Pope.^"

It now became the interest of the temporal lords, to secure for their
respective realms the advantages of the reform,^^'^ and at the same time

Basil. Sess. XXXI. folloveed the suspension (Mansi XXIX. p. 168) : s. Synodus
prffidictum Eugenium P. IV. manifestum contumacem, et in aperta rebellione
persistentem, ac notorie inconigibiliterque Ecclesiam Dei scandalizantem — ab
omni administratione Papatus in spiritualibu3 et temporalibus suspendit. — Omnera
autem ipsius Papatus administrationem — eadem s. Synodus ad seipsam decernit ac
declarat esse devolutam.

35 Sess. XXXI. deer. 1. de causis (Mansi XXIX. p. 159) : Inoleverunt hacte-
nus intolerabilium vexationum abusus permulti, dum nimium frequenter a z-emo-
tissiniis etiain partibus ad Romanam Curiam, et interdum pro parvis et minutis
rebus ac negotiis quamplurimi citari et evocaii consuevei-unt, atque ita expensis et
laboribus fatigari, ut nonnuiiquam commodius arbitrarentur juri sue cedere, aut
vexationem suam gravi dauino redimere, quam in tam longinqua regione litium
subire dispendia. Sic facile extitit calumniosis opprimere pauperes, sic beneficia
ecclesiastica plerumque minus juste per litium anfractus obtenta sunt, dum justis
possessoribus eorum, seu quibus ilia de jure competebant, neque opes neque
facultates ad illos suinptus sulficere polerant, quos longinqua profectio ad Romanam
Curiam et litis agitatio in eadem deposcebant. The Synod therefore decrees,
quod in partibus ultra quatuor diastas a Romana Curia distantibus omnes quae-
cumque causae, exceptis majoribus in jure expresse enumeratis, et electiouum
Ecclesiarum cathedralium, et Monasterioium, quas immediata^ subjectio ad sedem
Apostolicam devolvit, apud illos judices in partibus, qui de jure aut consuetudine
prsescripta vel privilegio cognitionem habent, terminentur et finiantur. Et ne sub
umbra appellationum, quae nimium leviter, et nonnumquam frivole hactenus inter-
poni visEB sunt, atque etiam in eadem instantia ad prorogationem litium saepe muKi-
plicari, materia fovendis injustis vexatioriibus relinquatur ; statuit eadem s. Sj'nodus,
quod si quis ofTensus coram suo judice habere non possit justitise coniplementum,
ad immediatum superiorem pei' appellationem recursum habeat : nee ad queni-
cunque, etiam ad Papain, omisso medio, neque a gravamine in quacumque in-
stantia ante diffinitivam sentendam quomodolibet appolletur, nisi forsitan tale
gravamen exstiieiit, quod in ditfinitiva sententia reparari nequiret : quo casu, non
alias, ad immediatum superiorem licet appellare. Si vero quispiam a sedis Aposto-
licae immediate subjecto ad ipsam sedem duxerit appellandum, causa per rescriptum
usque ad finem litis inclusive in partibus committatur: nisi forte propter defectum
jusfitiae, aut justum metum, etiam in partibus convicinis, — apud ipsam sedem
foret merito retinenda.

36 Deer. 1. de collationibus beneficiorum. The Pope is forbidden to grant any
more gratias exspectativas, as well as reservationes particulares. Deer. 3. Quali-
ficationes et ordo in conferendis beneficiis per Ordinarios. Each cathedral church
shall have a theologus, the third part of all prebends be filled with graduates;
only such shall be appointed to be priests in the cities, aut ad minus qui per tres
annos in theologia, vel in altcro jurium, seu magistri in artibus, qui in aliqua
Universitate privilegiata studentes fuerint, et hujusmodi gradum adepti fuerint.

3' An account of this controversy, partial to the Pope, is given by Joannes de
Po/ewia?-, in a work written 1443 (see Mansi XXXI. p. 197 seq.), another equally
partial to the council, by A'icolaus de Tudesco, Archicphc. Panormitanus (known
as a writer on the Canons under the name of Abbas or Panormitanus) 1. c. p.
205 seq.

'^ Notwithstanding the fears of Johannes Nider, a Dominican, who was very
active at the council, that little was to be expected from it. In his Formicarius
(or De visionibus ac revelalionibus ed. v. d. Hardt Helmst. 1692. 8vo. written
A. D. 1437. Lib. I. c. 7. p. 96, he makes Piger ask with reference to the Council
of Constance and the praesens Basileense Concilium, quod pene in omnium bulla-



i



Chap. I. Papacy. § 131. Council of Basil. Eugenius IV- 199

to prevent the threatened schism. Charles VI. of France, though
not satisfied with the decrees of the council against the Pope, hasten-
ed to avail himself of them in the Pragmatic Sanction, passed at
Bourges, July 7, 1438,"^-' and rejected the Council of Ferrara. In
Germany, the imperial throne being vacant, the electors exerted
themselves to mediate between the two parties ; and to further this
object, on the day before the choice of Al brecht II., March 17, 1438,
they declared the German church neutral. ^'^ At the same time, how-
ever, they took care to secure all the advantages of the reform at
Basil, by the Instrumentum acceptationis,"*^ executed by the emperor
and the realm on the 26th of March, 1439. The Council of Basil
seems to have been led by this general approbation accorded to its
measures, to over estimate its moral strength : every suggestion of the
expediency of yielding in some measure was steadily repelled;''^ the

rum suarum prffiferebat exordio reformationis titulum, utrum de totali refor-
matione Ecclesiae in membris et capite aliquam spem habere possimus. The
Theolo2;us answers : Non omnino frustra celebrata fuerunt duo ista Concilia. —
De tolaU autein, quam depingis, reformatione Ecclesiae ad praesens et ad propinqua
futura tempora nullam penitus spem habeo. Tum quia voluntas bona in subditis
deficit, tum quia illud Praelatorum malitia impedit, turn etiam, quia illud electis
Dei, qui persecutionibus malorum probantur, non expedit.

39 Pragmatique Sanction or la Pragjmatique de Bourges ed. Pinson, Paris. 1666.
fol., in the Ordonnances des Rois de France de la troisieme Race, vol. XIII. p. 267.
and in M ii n c h ' s Sammlung aller altern und neuern Konkordate. Th. 1. S. 207 ff.
cf. Histoire contenant l'origine de la Pragmatique Sanction, — comnie eile a ete
observee, et les moyens dont les Papes se sont servis pour l'abolir, in the Traitez
des Droits et Libertez de TEglise Gallicane. T. I. 1731. fol.

^° See the protest in J oh . Jo a ch . Mailer's des heil. röm. Reichs teutscher
Nation Reichstagstheati-um wie selbiges unter Keyser Friedrichs V. allerhöchsten
Regierung gestanden (Jena 1713. fol.) Th. 1. S. 30.

"* This Instrumentum acceptationis which had long lain in obscurity, was
brought to light, and published by the Counsellor of State, Horix, at Mayence, in
the Concordata Nat. Germ. Integra. Francof. et Lips. 1763. 4to. with corrections in
the Cone. Nat. Germ. Integra varus additamentis illustrata (Francof. et Lips. 1771.
3 Tomi, 8vo. T. J. p. 38 seq. The best edition from the oiiginal in the Archives in
Mayence, with the necessary explanations, is the Sanclio Pragmatica Germanorum
illustrata ed. Christoph. Guil. Koch. Argentor. 1789. 4to. p. 93 seq. M ü n c h ' s
Sammlung aller altern u. neuern Konkordate. Th. 1. S. 42 ff.

*^ cf. JEnecB Sylvii commentariorum de gestis Conc. Basileensis libb. IL, written
1444, in favor of the council, comprehending the years 1438 - 1440 : the accompany-
ing Epist. ad Joannem de Segovia de coronatione Felicis is often counted as lib.
III. Both may be found in the Fasciculus rerum expetendarum et fugiendarum
p. 1 seq., and have been published separately also, Basil. 1577. Svo. Cattopolii
1667. 4to. According to JEneas Sylvius the princes might have hindered the
schism by working in concert, compai-e his remarkable letter to the imperial chan-
cellor, Caspar Schlick, A. D. 1438, Ep. 54 : Vidi quid Reges scribunt ex copiis
literarum, nee despero rem posse bene conduci, si aggredi velimus negotium.
Omnibus enim, ut vides, disphcet schisma, omnes abhorrent. Viam autem so-
piendi hoc malum Carolus Rex Francis nisi fallor.et tutam et brevem ostendit, ut
fiat conventus Principum vel eorum oratorum in communi aliquo loco, ibique una
recipiatur conclusio per omnes. — Hasc via non posset impediri : nee Papa, nee
Concilium reniti possent, tanquam hoc absque ipsis fieri nequiret. Licet enim
Principibus saecularibus convenire invito Cleio, et tamen illic unio fieri posset.
Nam ille Papa indubitatus esset, cui omnes Principes obedirent. Non video Cleri-
cos, qui velint pro ista vel ilia parte martyrium ferre. Omnes hanc fidem habe-
mus, quam nostri principes : qui si colerent idola, et nos etiam coleremus. Et non



200 Third Period. Div. V. A. D. 1409 — 1517.

proceedings against Eugenius were continued, and at Sess. XXXIV.
May 25, 1439, he was formally deposed,''-^ and on the 17th of Nov.
the commission appointed for the purpose, chose Amadeus VIII.,
duke of Savoy, to succeed him, under the title of Felix. V.^^

This rash measure,^^ by which a new schism was occasioned in
the church so shortly after the old one had been, with such pains,
reconciled, proved the ruin of the council. Felix V. was scarce any
where recognised. The council lost daily more and more of its im-
portance, and from the 16th of May, 1443, when it held its 45th and
last session, existed only in name.'"^ Eugenius would have had little

solum Papam sed Christum etiam negaremus saeculari potestate urgente, quia
refriguit Caritas, et omnis interüt fides. Utcunque sit, pacem desideraraus, qua5
sive per aliud Concilium, vel per conventum Principum detur, nihili pendo.

'^ Mansi XXIX. p. 179 seq., s. Synodus pro tribunali sedens per banc suara
sententiam diffinitivam — pronunciat, decernit et declarat, Gabrielem prius nomi-
natum E\igenium P. IV. fuisse et esse notorium et manifestum contumacem, raan-
datis seu prjeceptis Ecclesiaä universalis inobedientem, et in aperta rebellions
persistenten), violatorem assiduum atque contemptorem sacrorum canonum syno-
dalium, pacis et unitatis Ecclesioe Dei perturbatorem notoriuin, universalis Ecclesia»
scandalizatorem notorium, sinioniacuni, perjurum, incorrigibilem, schismaticum, a
fide devium, pertinacem hEereticum, dilapidatorem jurium et bonorum Ecclesiae. —
Quem propterea eadem s. Synodus a Papatu et Romano Pontiticio ipso jure priva-
tum esse declarat, etc.

** cf. JEnecB SylvU Commentar. (see note 42).

** That the proceedings at Basil were rash, and that the state of things there
was not exactly what it might have been wished, is evident already from
what is above narrated. Compare Jo. de Poleinar (see note 37), in Mansi
XXXI. p. 202 : Nullibi pejus decreta Basileensium quam Basilea; servata
sunt. Formula ilia morum, in cibis, in vestibus, in familiaribus, in falleris (phale-
ris) equorum, in rnodo vivendi et procedendi, in deputationibus, in congregatione
generali fuitne unquam servata .' Qualiter supplicationes, et alia per deputationes
expedita sint temere, immoderate, prout quilibct plus poterat aut clamores et
impressiones, aut multitudinem votoi-um, non advertendo quid cxpediat, sed omnia
passim concedendo, ea prsscrtim qua? sedes Apostolica repulerat, — pudet referre.
Mittunt utique nuncios cum facultatibus, quae nee legatis de latere per sedem
Apostolicam tradi consueverunt. Si Diabolus a Basileensibus aliquid peteret et
contra fas et jus ; dummodo illis vellet asseutire, facilhme impetraret. Offeruut et
ipsi et Antipapa eorum Regibus, Principibus, et Prslatis privilegia, facultates,
dignitates, ut illis adsistant, etc.

*^ The position of the difTerent nations is thus described by .Mneas Sylvius
descript. Germanise, c. 10 : Gallia quidem, atque Hispania, Italia quoque, Ungaria
et Anglia Eugenium sequebantur : Sabaudia, Suicenses, Basilienses, Argentinen-
ses, ac ex Saxonia Caminenses, siniulque de ducibus Bavaria; Albertus Monaci
Felici obediebant. Rex Aragonum et SiciÜEe Alphonsus, Polonique et Britones
nee Eugenio nee Felici, sed Concilio Basileensium auscultabant. Reliqua Germa-
nia neutralitatem quandam induit. The state of the council by Joannes de Pole-
mar (see note 37), A. D. 1443 (in Mansi XXXI. p. 206): Nulli Primates,
Archiepiscopi, et Episcopi orbis Antipapa adhasserunt, exceptis paucissimis illis de
Pedemontium et Sabaudia«, quos non Veritas trahit, sed melus et subjectio com-
pellit, ac illis tanti sceleris patratoribus Basilca; existentibus, quorum nomina
opportunum est insei-eie, ut patent, qui et quaics sint, qui Ecclesiara perturbant.
Arelatensis Episcopus (Louis Allemand, archbishop of Aries and cardinal, pre-