sident of the council), Gratianopolitanus Episcopus (of Grdnoble), Basiliensis
Ep., Ep. Aquensis, RIarsiliensis sine possessione Episcopus, Lacusanensis sine
possessione Ep. Argentinensis titulatus, Ep. Grossetanus titulatus. Fuerunt
etiam duo Episcopi de Arragonia, quos D. Rex tenebat ibi, ut terreret S. D.
N. ue esset sibi adversarius in regno Neapolitano. Fuerunt autem pauci



Chap. I. Papacy. § 131. Council of Basil. Engenius IV. 201

trouble in pulling down his rival, if he had not at the same time
persisted in making war on the decrees of the council, which had
been already adopted by the two most powerful realms of Christendom.
The most decided supporters of these decrees being amongst the
spiritual lords, it became his aim to win over if he could the temporal
princes. In France he was obliged to content himself with an ac-
knowledgment of allegiance from Charles VII., whilst the Pragmatic
Sanction was retained.^^ In Germany, however, there was more to



quidam Abbates dc dioecesi Basiliensi, metu ibi manere compulsi ; fuerunt qui-
dam Monachi apostatas et ftigitivi, et nonnulli vel notarii vel copistae, et quidam
alii vix in sacris constituti nullius a?stimationis, qui quidem nee in diuecesanis
nee in provincialibus Conciliis de jure vel consuetudine adniiUerentur, qui Ba-
sileam ad hoc prof'ecti fuerant, et ad hoc inorabantur, ut effugeient superio-
rum suorum correctionem, vel ut alios litibus vexarent, vel ut scandalum aliquod
perpetrarent, etc. Ever since 1437 many of the most influential bishops had
deserted the council, which had given the preponderance to the inferior clergy.
This was protested against by Nicolaus Panormitanus (compare note 37), A. D.
1439, in pleading for delay in the proceedings against the Pope (see JEn. Syl. de
Cone. Basil, lib. I. Cattop. 1667. p. 36) : Si Episcopi et Abbates computarentur,
nemini dubium esse, quin majoi- pars differri präsentem rem vellet. Cumque
totius potestas Concilii in Episcopis resideret, baud ferendurn esse, ut eis spretis,
quod majori parti inferiorum placeret, id concluderetur. But the Cardinalis Arela-
tensis on the other hand referied to passages in Augustine and Jerome (1. c. p. 43) :
si, prout Hieronymo placet, Episcopi sunt sola consuetudine pralati Presbyteris,
utique fieri potest, ut coiisuetudincm contraria tollat consuetudo : at si Presbyteri
debent Ecclesiam Dei cum Episcopis in commune regere, satis notum est, quod ad
eos quoque decidere res spectat Ecclesias dubias. — Si soli Episcopi vocem habeant,
id demum fiet, quod nationi placebit Italicae, quse sola nationes alias in numero
Episcoporum aut superat aut ajquat. Utcunque est, opus Dei hac vice fuisse
autumo, ut inferiores ad decidendum reciperentur; revelavit enim ea nunc Domi-
nus parvulis, qufe sapientibus abscoudit. En horum inferiorum zelurn, constan-
tiam, rectitudinem, magnanimitatem videtis. Ubi nunc Concilium, si soli Episcopi,
solique Cardinales vocem habuissent .' Ubi nunc Concilioium auctoritas ? Ubi
fides catholica .' ubi Decreta ^ ubi reformatio .' Nempe omnia libidini Eugenii ac
temeritati jam diu commissa fuissent ; victorque nefandissimi propositi sui ille
fuisset, nisi quos modo spernitis inferiores sibi restiiissent. Hi sunt, qui privatio-
nem ab Eugenio factam contempserunt : hi sunt, qui minas, qui spolia, qui perse-
cutiones ipsius flocci fecerunt, etc. At a later period, A. D. 1452, .Miieas Sylvius
says in his Oiatio adv. Austriales (in Muratorii Anecdotis, T. II p. 162) : Inter
Episcopos, ca;terosque Patres conscriptos vidimus in Basilea coquos et stabularios
orbis negotia judicantes. Quis horum dicta vel facta judicaverit legis habere
vigorem ? The composition of the council has always been one of the chief
grounds with the Italians for denying its validity.

*' Eugenius' opinion of the Pragmatic Sanction is expressed in a letter to the
king, written on occasion of the choice of a bishop in. Angers, according to the
provisions of the Sanction, without regard to the Pope's claim to provide as here-
tofore (Raynnld. ann. 1439, no. 37): Quod vcro scribitur, ordinationes Bituris
confectas (te) velle manutenere, a certo tenemus scriptum esse te inscio et invito.
Nam cum pro tua sapientia dudum, cum ill« ordinationes fierent, consuluisses
viros nonnullos timentes Deum, et bonos viros ac doctos, quid de illis sentirent,
atque ii tibi respondissent, eas esse contra Deum, contra fsquitatem injustas, et
contra sal utem animce tu« ; mirandum esset — te velle eas ordinationes sei'vare,
qus essent iniqua; et in anims tuae pra^judicium factse. A new synod was held in
Bourges, and from the council, A. D. 1440, ambassadors attended fi-om Eugene,
and the fornier demanded that the Pragmatic Sanction should be annulled. They
received from the king, after he had consulted with his bishops and other nobility,
the following answer (Preuves des libertez de I'eglise Gallicane. chap. 20, no.
23) : quod Rex teuuerat Concilium Basileense pro Concilio, ad ipsum Ambassia-

voL. III. 26



202 Third Period. Div. V. A. D. 1409 — 1517.

hope from the weakness of the new emperor, Frederick III. (from
1440), and the intestine divisions of the country. Wliat efforts he
made to secure the powerful princes may be seen in the privileges
he granted the duke of Cleves (1444) to the prejudice of the arch-
bishop of Cologne and the bishop of Münster, who were opposed to
him.'*' Still, however, he overrated his influence in Germany when
he ventured (A. D. 1445) to depose the archbishops of Triers and
Colocrne for their adherence to the Council of Basil \^'-^ for a conven-

tores miserat ; multa bona pro fide et moribus constituerat, quae Rex approbabat ;
nee unquain congregatum Ferraiiense pro Concilio habuerat aut habebat. Quoad
depositioneiii Eugenii, et electionem Felicis, numquam eas adprobaverat, aut
approbat : iiiiino tenuei'at Dominum Eugenium pro Papa, et adhuc tenebat, et
volebat, quo<l sibi in suo Regno obediretur, nisi aliud in Concilio generali, cele-
brando juxta annum in aliquo loco Galliarum, f'uisset ordinatum, et quod requirebat
Papam, quatenus illuc mitteret dictum Concilium, et convocaret, et celebrari pro-
curaret, et quod in eo personaliter interesset. — Quoad Pi'agmaticam Sanctionem,
earn inviolabiliter volebat observari et custodiri. Et si aliqua videntur nimis
rigida, in illo generali Concilio Basileensi possent moderari.

"* See the remarkable bull directed to the bishop of Utrecht dd. 17 Kal. Febr.
1444, in Leibnitii Mantissa Codicis Juris Gentium diplomatici, P. II. p. 168 :
Pastoralis officii desuper nobis divina Providentia commissi debitum postulat et
requirit, ut contra nostrorum et Romanae Ecclesiae rebellium temeritatem eorum,
qui in nostra et sedis Apostolicae obedientis devotione et fide firmi et immobiles
permanserunt, statui et quieti animarumque saluii salubriter consulamus. Exhi-
bita siquidem nobis pro parte dilectorum filiorum, nobilium virorum, Adolphi
Ducis Clyphensis, et Johannis ejus primogeniti, petitio continebat, quod cum tarn
saeculares quam ecclesiastics personse, necnon collegia — et alia loca ecclesiastica
in suis dominus et terris in Coloniensi et Monasteriensi diocesi consistentia, pro
60 quod Archiepiscopus Coloniensis nobis et ApostolicK sedi inobediens et rebellis
existit, et iniquitatis filius Henricus, qui se gerit pro Episcopo Monasteriensi,
damnationis filio Amedeo, olim Duci Sabaudise, qui se Felicem V. ausu sacrilege
nominare prwsumit, — adha-rere pra;sumsit, plurima in spiritualibus et tcmporali-
bus detrimenta sustineant : — pro parte dictorum Ducis et primogeniti nobis fuit
humiliter supplicatum, ut eorum subditorum suorum statui et saluti pi'ovidere
misericorditer dignaremiir. Nos igitur — omnia et singula, personas, collegia,
capitula, monasteria, Ecclesias et loca qucelibet ecclesiastica, dominia, terras et
loca supradicta, donee aliud super hoc duxerimus disponendum, ab omni juris-
dictione, potestate, et supcrioritate spirituali Coloniensis Archiepiscopi et Epi-
scopi jMonasteriensis eximentes et liberantes, Fraternitati tum unum Episco-
pum, etiam titularem, — qui in dictis dominus, — Clericos ordinäre, — omnemque
spiritualem Jurisdictionen!, qure Archiepiscopi Colonienses et Episcopi Monasteri-
enses pro tempore inibi habere et excrcere consueverunt, — exercerc valeat,
necnon contra onines et singulas personas, — qua; schismatis labe infecta essent,
aut praef'ato Amedeo quomodolibet adhrererent seu faverent, — inquirere et proce-
dere — possit, — deputandi, et ilium amovendi, aliumque sid loco ponendi,
quotiens pro parte dictorum Ducis et primogeniti fucris requisitus, auctorilate
pr*fata, tenore pra'scntium, conccdimus facultatem. Volentes similiter et tibi
eisdem auctoritatc et tenore concedentes, ut omnia et singula dignitates, persona-
tus, — monasteria, — cxtcvaquc beneficia ecclesiastica quaicunque in dictis domi-
nis — nunc vacantia et imposterum — vacatura, — qua' in turno sive mense Ordi-
nariorum vacare contigerit, dummodo non sint sedi Apostolice reservata, ^ersoHiS
idoneis j)er ipsos Ducem et primogenitum tibi numinandis — conferre et de
Ulis providere — libere et licife valcas. Hence the proverb: Dux Clivia; est
Papa in suis terris, see IVcryi. Teschenmacheri annates Clivia, Julice, Montium
et MarccE WestphaliccB ed. J. Chr. Dithmar. Franc, et Lips. 1729. foL p. 294.

« See the Rreve to the bishop of Utrecht dd. 9 Febr. 1446 (in Raynald, ad
h. a. no. 1) : Nuper iniquitatis filios Theodoricum de Mcersem, olim Coloniensem,
et Jacobum Sirik, olim Trevcrcnsem, Archiepiscopos, tamquam haereticos et schis-
maticos, nostrosque et Romanse Ecclesise rebelles ex justis et urgentibus causis



Chap. I. Papacy. § 131. Council of Basil. Eugenius IV. 203

lion of the electors was held at Frankfurt on the Maine (March 21,
1440), at which it was resolved to demand at once from the Pope
what they deemed their rights. "^^ The emperor, however, who viewed
with some jealousy such a combination amongst the electors, was able,
by the arts of his private secretary, ^neas Sylvius, to induce most
of them to consent to considerable modifications of their demands i^'



omni dignitate archiepiscopali — privavimus, — ac privatos foi-e declaramus : et
deinde ad provisionem earumdem Ecclesiarum — paternis et solicitis studiis inten-
dentes, Coloniensi Ecclesiae de persona dilecti tilii Adolphi Clivensis duxinius
providendum, ad Ecclesiam vero Treverensem van. IVatrem nostrum Joannem tunc
Cameracensem Episcopum de fratrum consilio auctoritate Apostolica transtulimus.

^^ The document of this union see in Mtlller's Reichstagstheatrum, Th. 1,
S. 27S, and from the original in Gudeni Codex diplomaticus Anecdotorum, T. IV.
p. 290 seq. JEnea Sylvii hist. Friderici III. Imp. (in A. F. Kvllarii Analecta
Monumentorum omnis aevi Vindobonensia, T. II. p. 120 seq.) : Eugenius cum
accepisset, Theodericiim Coloniensem, et Jacobum Treverensem Archiepiscopos
et Electores Imperii Felicis fovere partes, nutrire neutralitatem, adversari Komanse
sedi, ambos deposuit, et archiepiscopali dignitate privavit, quae res illi magno
impedimento fuit. Nam bene nati prassules et amicis fulti, quamvis jure, noa
tamen facto Ecclesias dimittebant, et acrius Eugenii partes impugnabant. Horum
igitur opera conventus apud Francfoidiam inter Piincipes habitus est, in quo
decretum est, nisi Eugenius depositionem Archiepiscoporum annullaret, decretum
Constantiensis Concilii acceptaret atque profiteretur, Germanicae nation! oportune
secureque et stabiliter provideretur ; onmis natio ab Eugenio deliceret, Felicem-
que sequeretur. Hoc autem secrete inter se statuerunt, silentiumque jurejurando
indixerunt, mittentesque ad Caesarem Legatos, ea lege aperire jusserunt mandata
Cfesari, ut non amplius quam sibi et sex consiliariis patefacerent. Erat autem
mens eorum Legatos eosdem ad Eugenium mittere, qui hajc peterent, orabantque
Caesarem, ut amplecteretur eorum viam, atque cum his mitteret. — Lcgatis Prin-
cipum dixit Csesar, non placere sibi depositionem Archiepiscoporum, neque sur-
rogates eis Gallicos, bene facere Principes, qui eorum indemnitati et nationis
utilitati consulerent, velle se ad haec concurrere et mittere ad Eugenium cum
eis : illud autem indignvim esse, quod se Papoe judices constitueiint, cum dicerent,
nisi sperata fecerit, ab eo se defecturos, quasi non Papam et Papam esse in
eorum arbitrio resideret. The ambassadors of the Electors, of whom Gregory of
Heimburg was the most important, set off directly for Rome, preceded by ^neas
Sylvius as imperial ambassador. Ctesar vocato ^nea Senensi secretario suo,
secreta Principum ei aperuit, jussitque Papam accedere, ac viam pacis ei suadere,
pericula exponere et mentem Principum, orare, ut Electores suos restitueret :
Caesarem sibi in omni re auxilio futurum. iEneas, in a private audience, informed
the Pope, in name of the emperor: Videri necessarium Archiepiscopos restitui,
non autem cassari privationem. Tum nationi opportune provideri. Deinde
decretum Frequens Constantiensis Concilii (see § 130, note 15) recipiendum esse.
Ea si Eugenius faceret, futurum, ut tota natio et neutralitatem deponeret, et ad
Eugenii rediret obedientiam. Sin autem, quamvis Caesar nunquam Eugenium
deserturus esset, tamen Electores mala esse mente multa machinaturos mala,
timendumque grande schisma. The Pope adopted these suggestions, and told
the ambassadors of the Electors, quia mandatum non haberent tractandi et con-
cludendi quae oporteret, missurum Eugenium ad conventum Electorum, respon-
surumque petitionibus eorum pro dignitate Romanaj sedis. This took place in
Frankfurt.

*' .Mneas Sylvius, 1. c. p. 125 : Omnis Caesaris cura in eam diaetam collata
erat. Nam sex Electores obligati simul adversus Eugenium videbantur Caesarem
spernere, itaque summum Caesari studium erat, fcedus Electorum solvere, et
aliquem ad se trahere, ut Eugenio et sibi consuleret. Contra enim onmes Elec-
tores nihil audebat agere, neque adversari Eugenio volebat. Itaque neque solus
Eugenium sequi audebat, neque cum Electoribus illi adversari volebat. — Eam
ob causam legatis suis (of whom iEneas was one) id mandati Cssar dederat, ut
fcedus Electorum omnino rumpere tentarent, et aliquos Electores ad se trahere



204 Third Period. Div. V. A. D. 1409 — 1517.

and an embassy was despatched to Rome commissioned to acknowl-
edge the authority of Pope Eugen ius, on his acceding to these con-
ditions.-^- Even these demands were resisted by a part of the cardi-
nals,^3 and Eugenius, whilst he appeared to grant them in the four

studerent : quod si duos ex eis habere possent, declarationem pro Eugenio facerent,
sin autem, declarationeiii oniitterent. At first the legates of the council seemed to
have the advantage, the ambassadors of the electors gave an unfavorable account of
their success at Rome. Exinde legati Cffisaris summo studio conati sunt Maguntinum
Archiepiscopum ex füedere ca;terorum Electorum abducere, sic enim et Federi-
cum, Marchionem Biandenburgenscm, ab illis extraxisse putabant, qui fidem
Archiepiscopi secutus fcedus intrarat. Multa in earn rem praticata sunt. Johan-
nes de Lisura fuederis et auctor et defensor Maguntinum in sententia tenebat.
Cumque res diu inutiiiter tractaretur, ad pecuniam tandem recurrere oportet,
cui rarae obaudiunt aures. Ha'c Doinina curiaruin est, ha;c aures omnium aperit,
huic omnia serviunt. H;ec quoque Maguntinum expugnavit. Non quod sibi
quicquam promissum fueiit, sed inter quatuor ejus Consiliarios duo millia flore-
norum rhenensium erogata sunt, qua; bono animo Ca?sar solvit, ne se spreto
Electores ad partem Concilii Felicisvc declinarent, quam summam Nicolaus postea
per ^neam Fcderico remisit. Hi ergo Consiliarii non vcritatis amoje sed auri
' dulcedine pellecti Archiepiscopum Maguntinum ad voluntatem Cssai-is inclina-
bant. Sed nolebat Pontifex ille juratum fosdus abrumpere sine causa justa, qua;-
rebatque modos honestiores. Cumque legati Cssaris non possent menti ejus
satisfacere, ^neas modum commentus est, qui receptis no'ulis, secundum quas
se Principes obligaverant, nisi Eugenius illas admitteret, velle se eum deserere,
omne venenum ex his ademit, novasque notulas composuit (tliis new agreement,
or modification of the union mentioned in note 50, has been printed with the title
Concordata Principum Francofordiensia, in Wilrdtwein Subsidia diplom. T. IX.
p. 70), per quas et Aichiepiscopi deposili restituerenlur (though without ac-
knowledging the validitN' of their deposition) et nationi oportune provideretur (but
with the condition presciilied by the Pope, that the nation should make up to the
Pope what they deprived him of), et aucioritas conciliorum salvaretur (though at
the same time condemning the Council of Basil, by making no pi-ovision for a
settlement of the differences between it and the Pope) : illa-que dixit sua opini-
one Eugenium non negaturum. — Eas igitur Maguntino ostenderunt, dicentes
iniquum esse ab Eugenio discedere, qui notulas illas concessurus esset honestatis
et justitiae plenas. Tunc Maguntinus bona fide se dixit intrasse fcedus, sibi
dictum fuisse, nihil Electores ab l^ugenio velle, c|uod non esset honestum ; at si
jam his non contentarentur, ab honestate recederent. Placere igitur sibi, ut
notulffi in publico legerentur, quasrerenturque vota multitudinis. The Electors of
Mayence and Brandenburg, the High-master of the Teutonic Order, Prussia, the
archbishop of Magdeburg, and several otlier German princes subscribed this before
the public consultation. Cumque ventum esset in concionem, major pars notulas
approbavit : Treverensis et Coloniensis et Dux Saxoniae adversi fuerunt, Palalinus
dubius mansit. Sic territi tres Electores nihil concludere ausi sunt. At legati
Caesaris cum Älaguntino, Brandenburgensi et aliis novum fctdus fecerunt, statu-
eruntque in futuro nativitatis Dominica; festo ad Eugenium niittere, atque ah eo
petere, uti notulas approbaret : quod si faceret, mox nomine nalionis obedientia
sibi praestaretur ; sin autem, rursus in deliberationem les adduceretur.

^^ See the speech of JEneas to the emperor Frederick, in which he gives an
account of this embassy, the death of Eugene, and the coronation of Nicolas V.,
in Baluzii Miscellan. lib. VH. p. 525 scq.

^3 JEnexB Sylvii hist. Friderici IH. in Kollar 11. p. 129: Collegium Cardinalium
divisum erat, videbaturque magna pars adversari liis, quas Francfoidis conclusa
erant, atque hi erant maxime Theologi, qui omnia gra^iora faciunt : ob quam rem
Ludovicus Aquilegien=is et Johannes Morinensis Cardinales suadent Eugenio, si
velit Ecclesia» pacem habere, novos ut Cardinales assumat, qui resistere contradi-
centibus possint. Sic suasus Eugenius quatuor Cardinales crcavit. The cardinals
who objected said (see the Oratio .Hi^necB just cited, Bahiz. VII. p. 533), vendi-
tam esse Teutonicis Apostolicam sedem, seque quasi bubalos duci naribus. —
Further, p. 535 : Grave videbalur Caidinalibus annatas remittere, collationes



Chap. I. Papacy. § 131. Council of Basil. Eiigenius IV. 205
bulls which he enacted,'^^ reserved to himself and his successors in a

beneficiorum amittere. Concilium convocare, decreta recipere, privates restituere :
ajebantque, non solum in natione Germanica id esse nocivum, sed alias exinde
nationes recessuras et Apostolicam sedem perditum iri, nee bene consultum esse
caeteris Ecclesiis, quando Romana, quaj est caput omnium, langueret ; conducere
Christianas religioni Romanum Pontificem fore potentem, ut tueri alios Prslatos
queat, inter Principes pacem constituere, intidelibus rcsistere, haereses extirpare :
nunquam tot hsereses in Christiana religione i'uisse, quot fuerunt ante Sylvestrum,
quia paupertas Romani Pontificis neglectui fuit.

^^ These four bulls are given for the most part in Raynald, ad ann. 1447, no. 4
seq., complete in M tiller's Reichstagstheatrum, S. 347 ff., partly from the
original in Koch Sanctio Pragm. p. 181 seq. M ünch's Concordate, Th. 1, S.
77 ff. — I. Ad ea ex debito dd. 5 Febr. directed to the emperor, the electors of
Mayence and Brandenburg, relating to the council which was desired propter
Ecclesiae necessitates : Nos, etsi absque convocatione novi Concilii alia via rebus
Ecclesiae melius consuli posse arbitremur, cupientes tamen vobis et nationi vestrae,
quam singulari semper affectione Apostolica sedes prosecuta est, quantum cum
Deo possumus, complacere, contentamur apud Reges et Pjincipes Chiistianos
curam et diligentiam adhibere tideliter, ut ad votum vestrum trahi valeant et
conduci, ita quod in uno ex quinque locis consentiant generale Concilium convo-
cari : quod infra decern (menses) a die dato prssentium computandos intendimus
experiri, et si consensus hujusmodi haberi poterit, in fine dictorum X. mensium
generale Concilium ad decimum octavum immediate sequentes initiandum in uno
ex pra?nominatis locis, in nomine Domini convocabimus. If the other kings should
not consent to this place of meeting, the council should be summoned in alio loco
rebus gerendis accommodo. Concilium mttem generale Constantiense, Decretum
Frequens, ac alia ejus decreta, siciif ctetera alia Concilia, catholicam mili-
tantem Ecclesiam reprcBsentantia, ipsornm potestatem, auctoritatem, honorem
et eminentiam, sicuti et cateri antecessores nostri, a quorum vestigiis deviare
nequaquam intendimus, suscipimus, amplectimur et vener amur. — II. Jld iran-
quillitatem dd. 5 Febr. After a reference to this confirmation of the decrees of
the Council of Constance : Super aliis autem decretis Basileas editis, et per clarae
memoriae quondam Albertum Romanorum Regem acceptatis, ex quorum obser-
vantia nalio ipsa Alamanica ex pluribus gravaminibus dicitur relevari, contenti
sumus, volumus et decernimus, quod omnia et singula vigore decretorura hujus-
modi cum suis moditicationibus acceptatorum — usque in präsentem diem quomo-
dolibet gesta vel acta sunt, cum omnibus inde secutis rata, firma et inviolabilia
persistant. — Super observatione vero et moditicatione decretorum eorundem cum
nonnulli Praslati nationis pra;fatae ex eisdem decretis gravatos se fore, nobis con-
quest! sint, cumque in illis Apostolicse sedi, quae multum in suis juribus ex ipsis
decretis gravata dinoscitui-, i-ecompensatio promissa sit, decrevimus Legatum nos-
trum cum sufFicienti potestate ad partes Germaniae transmittere, qui mediantibus
Rege, Archiepiscopo et Marchione praefatis, ac aliis ejusdem nationis Principibus
et Pralatis, cum quibus fuerit opus, super observantia et moditicatione decretorum
hujusmodi, necnon super provisione Apostolic« sedi faciendis tractare valeat, et
finaliter concordare. Permittentes interim, — quod omnes et «inguli — in pra'fata
natione decretis hujusmodi — libere et licite uti possint, — donee per Legatum, ut
praedictum est, concordatum fuerit, vel per Concilium — aliter fuerit ordinatuni. —
III. Ad ea que ad reductionem dd. 5 Febr. At the request of the king of Rome,
and other prelates and princes, and to do them a pleasure, promittimus, — quod,
quando ipsi olim Treverensis et Coloniensis Archiepiscopi ad gremium nostrum et
Ecclesiae venientes — nobis plenam et debitam obedientiam praebuerint, ac pro
vero Jesu Christi vicario recognoverint, ipsos ad pradictas Ecclesias absque ulla
exceptione aut oppositione restituemus, ac in pristinum statum reponemus. IV.
Inter ccetera desideria dd. 7 Febr. omnes et singulas — electiones, — provisiones
et dispositiones, necnon processus, — sententias aliaque acta judiciaria auctoiitate
ordinaria hujusmodi suspensionis et neutralitatis tempore factas sen facta — grata et
rata habentes auctoritate Apostolica ex certa scientia confirmamus. — Ac illis, qui
pallium dictorum, qui Basiles post nostram translationem sub nomine generalis
Concilii remanserunt, auctoritate receperunt, ut illo uti possint, prassentibus conce-
dimus et indulgemus : illis autem, qui non habent, sine difficultate dabirnus et



206 Third Period. Div. V. A. D. 1409 — 1517.

fifth, the power of recalling what they pleased.^^ Still the embassj
took the oath of allegiance to him on his death-bed, Feb. 7, 1447,^^
and the neutrality of Germany was at end.



<§> 132.

NICOLAS V. (6 March, 1447 to 24 March, 1455), calixtus in.
(8 April, 1455 to 6 Aug. 1458), pius ii. (19 Aug. 1458 to 15 Aug.
1464), PAUL II. (30 Aug. 1464 to 26 July, 1471).

The well known cunning and perseverance of the court of Rome
were now put in requisition to regain what had been lost by the Coun-
cil of Basil. Nicolas V., immediately after his accession, expressed
himself with great liberality to the German ambassadors, ^ and con-

etiam libere concedemus. — Praeterea omnia et singula, quae dictis suspensione et