protestatione durantibus in prasjudicium, — vel la^sionem — Metropolitanorum, —
necnon alioruin Episcoporuiii, Praslatorum, Collegiorum, personarum, seu rerum
quarumcunque contra foedus protestationis et suspensionis hujusmodi quomodocun-
que vergentia, Apostolica vel alia quavis auctoritate concessa, — insuper ecclesi-
asticas censuras, mulctas et poenas — promulgatas — cassaraus. — Nee non illis,
qui contra ipsos impetratis, concessis vel obtentis — quomodolihet niterentur,
etiamsi eis — jus qua^situm foret ex certa scientia de potestatis plenitudine, perpe-
tuuni silentium imponentes : insuper quascunque obligationes super annatis seu
comiriunibus et minutis servitiis — usque in pia;sentem diem reniittimus. — Insu-
per omnes et singula« prsfata; nationis — personas, — qui post dissolutionem sive
translationem prsefati Concilii per nos lactam congregationi Basiliensium sub nomine
generalis Concilii adhajserunt, — qui jam ad nostram obedientiam sunt reversi, vel
infra sex menses post declarationem pro nobis factam redierint, — ab omnibus et
singulis juramentis, pcijurii reatu, ac aliis censuris et poenis, si qui tenerentur, —
absolvimus et liberaiiuis. — Ut autem prajmissa eo firmius observentur, pro nobis
et successoribus nostris Romanis Pontificibus de Venn, fratrum nostrorum S. R. E.
Cardinalium consilio et assensu pollicemur omnia et singula supradicta inviolabili-
ter observare, et contra ea — nullo umquam tempore quicquam innovai-e : et quod
nobis licere non patimur, eisdem successoribus indicamus, decernentes ex nunc
irritum et inane, si secus super his a quoquam quavis, etiam Apostolica auctoritate
— contigerit attentari.
" The bull Decet dd. 5 Febr. in Raynald, ann. 1447, no. 7, and Müller, S. 352:
Cum carissimus in Christo filius Fridericus Rex Romanorum illustris, ac ven.
frater noster Archiepiscopus Maguntinus, et dil. tilius Fridericus Marchio Brande-
burgensis, S. I. Electores, nonnullique alii nationis Germanic« Prslati et Princi-
pes quaedam petiverint a nobis fieri, qure necessitas ipsa et Ecclesiae utilitas, ut
eos ad nostram et s. Romana; Ecclesice unitateni et obedientiam alliciamus, nos
concedere quodammodo compellit : nos ad vitandum onme scandalum et pericu-
lum, quod exinde sequi posset, nolentes aliquid dicere, aut confirniare vel conce-
dere, quod esset contra ss. Patrum doctrinam, vel quod vergeret in prsjudicium
hnjus s. Apostolic* sedis, quoniam propter iraminentem nobis aegritudinem non
valemus omnia per eos petita et per nos concessa cum ea integritate judicii et
consilii examinare et ponderare, quae reruin magnitudo et gravitas requirit ; tenore
praesentium protestamur, quod per qua:cunique a nobis dictis Regi, Archiepiscopo
ac nationi responsa et respondenda, concessa et concedenda non intendimus in
aliquo derogare doctrinas ss. Patrum, aut prsfata? sedis privilegiis et auctoiitati,
habentes pro non responsis et non concessis, quascunque talia a nobis contigerit
emanare.
56 See the account of ^Eneas Sylvius (note 52) in Baluz. VII. p. 537 seq.
> He said to them (see the speech of ^Eneas, cited in § 131, note 52, in Baluzii
Misc. VII. p. 555) : Ego quse cum natione Germanica meus antecessor fecit nou
Chap. I. Papacy. § 132. Council of Basil Nicolas V. 207
firmed the bulls of his predecessor, ^ but he soon succeeded in
the so called Concordat of Aschaffenburg, though really of Vienna
(!7th of February, 1448),"^ introduced through the connivance of
the emperor and the help of J^neas Sylvius, in reestablishing
the so pernicious articles of the Concordat of Constance, under
the pretext of securing the stipulated provision.'^ The more pow-
erful princes were won over by favors, ^ the others had to follow.
solum approbare confirm areque volo, sed exequi et manutenere omnia. Nimis, ut
mihi videtur, Romani Pontirices fimbrias suas extendenint, qui nihil jurisdictionis
caeteris Episcopis reliquerunt. Niniis quoque Basilienses Apostolic£e sedis manus
abbreviaverunt. Sed ita evenit : qui facit indigna, ut injusta ferat oportet. Arbo-
rem, quae in unam partem pependit, qui volunt erigere, in partem adversam tra-
hunt. Nobis sententia est, in partem sollicitudinis qui vocati sunt Episcopos suo
jure miniine spoliare. Sic enim jurisdictionem nostram uos denique servaturos
speramus, si non usurpaverimus aliena.
* See the document in Koch Sanctio Pragm. p. 197 seq.
' See the history of these concordats in Koch, p. 36 seq. At the Diet of
Aschaffenburg in July, 1447, it was resolved for the next Diet to be held at
Nuremberg : Item concludetur ibi provisio Sanctissimo Domino nostro et sedi
Apostolicas, si tempore medio cum legato non fuerit concordatum. This provisio
had been promised to the Pope by the Council of Basil, in consideration of what
had been taken from him (see § 131, note 30), and had been stipulated for by
Eugenius IV. in the bull Ad tranquiJlitatem (see § 131, note 54). In the mean
time the emperor accepted the concordat at Vienna (see Koch, p. 211, note 3),
through .^neas Sylvius, who negotiated the matter with the Cardinal Johannes de
Carvajal.
* Amongst the numerous editions the most important are those taken from orio-inals
namely, from the archives of Mayence in Wurdtwein Subsid. dipl. IX. p. 78 seq.,
from the imperial archives in Vienna, in Koch Sanct. Pragm. p. 201 seq., and from
those of the Electors of Cologne, in Hedderich elementa juris canonici. P. IV.
p. 145 seq. See Milnch's Concordate, Th. 1, S. 88 ff. The Vienna Concordat
has only the two sections of the Concordat of Constance (see § 130, note 19).
Cap. II. De provisione Ecclesiarum, and Cap. III. De Annatis, for the most part
word for word. The most important change is that instead of alternating in the
appointments to the inferior benefices, an alternatio mensium is substituted : De
caeteris dignitatibus et beneficiis quibuscunque, sKcularibus et regularibus vaca-
turis, ultra reservationes jam dictas, majoribus dignitatibus post pontificales in
cathedralibus, et principalibus in collegiatis, exceptis, de qiiibvs jure ordinario
provideatur per illos inferiores, ad quos alias pertinet, idem sanctissimus Dominus
noster per quamcunque aliam reservationem — non impediet, quo minus de illis,
cum vacabunt de mensibus Februarii, Aprilis, Junii, Augusti, Octobris et Decem-
bris, libere disponatur per illos, ad quos collatio, — aut alia qua?vis dispositio perti-
nebit. — Quotiens vero aliquo vacante beneficio de mensibus Januarii, Martii
Maji, Julii, Septembris et Novembris, specialiter dispositioni Apostolicse sedis
reservatis, non apparuerit infra tres menses a die notas vacationis in loco beneficii,
quod alicui de illo Apostolica auctoritate fuerit provisum, ex tunc et non antea
Ordinarius, vel alius, ad quem illius dispositio pertinebit, de illo libere disponat.
In the bull of confirmation dd. 19 Mart, in which the whole concordat is word for
word repeated, there is the remarkable variation that in the first of the above
clauses, the words de quibus are left out. It therefore reads (Koch, p. 240) : De
ceteris dignitaübus, — majoribus dignitatibus — exceptis, jure ordinario providea-
tur, etc. On which is grounded the assertion made as early as 1457 in Mneas
Sylvius epist. 383, ad Mart. Mayerum in the very face of the true text : Concor-
data ipsa dignitates primas post pontificales et in collegiatis Ecclesiis principales
Apostolicas sedis dispositioni permittunt (so also in his Germania, c. 12 and c. 21) :
and this explanation was admitted universally till the canonist Neller of Triers,
1757, showed its incorrectness ; see the observations in Koch Sanct. Pragm. p. 223
and 240. Still this error has not yet ceased to exert an influence.
* On the elector of Brandenburg was bestowed the right of appointing the bish-
208 Third Period. Div. V. A. D. 1409 — 1517.
Thus were the most important fruits of the Council of Basil and the
Acceptation of Mayence entirely lost.'' Felix V., and the feeble re-
ops of Brandenburg, Lebus, and Havelburg ; see the document dated September,
1447, in Gercken Cod. diplom. Brandeb. T. VII. p. 361. The ecclesiastical elec-
tors received the Indultuin of tilling all places that might fall vacant in the papal
months (Koch, p. 42), so also the archbishop of Salzburg (see Nachrichten von
Juvavia, S. 280). The elector üietrich of Cologne, was the only one who could
not be gained over ; but it was not long after his death before the concordat was
published in his diocese also, A. D. 1461 ; see Hedderich elementa juris canonici.
P. IV. p. 145.
^ Jacobus de Paradiso (a Carthusian and doctor of theology in Erfurt) de Sep-
tem statibus Eccl. in Brown Appendix ad fasc. rerum expetend. et fugiendarum,
p. Ill : Gaudet quidem nostris temporibus, seil, nunc de anno Domini 1449 Eccle-
sia de unico et indubitato pastore, seil. Nicolao P. V. ; sed luget de conculcatione
decretorum in transactis Conciliis edictoi-um, et videt quomodo contraria decretis
practicantur. — At the close of the Concoi-dat of Vienna we read : In aliis autem,
qus per felicis recordationis Dominum Eugenium Papain quartuni pro natione
praefata usque ad tempus futuri generalis Concilii permissa, concessa, indulta atque
decreta, et per menioratum sanctissimum Dominum nostrum Papam Nicolaum
confirmata lucre, in quantum ilia concordia; praesenti non obviant, ista vice nihil
extitit immutatum. According to this, those decrees of the Council of Basil
which were accepted at iMayence (see § 131, note 41), and which had been con-
firmed by Eugenius IV. (by the bull Ad tranquillitatem, § 131, note 54), and by
Nicolas V. (see note 2), were to remain valid, except in so far as they might be
replaced by others in this concordat. This too was the tenor of the bull cor-
responding with the bull Ad tranquillitatem : according to which the concordats
still to be issued were only to be concerning the moditication of some of those
decrees, and the reparation to be made the Pope. Gradually, however, the Accep-
tation of Mayence was forgotten, and the Concordat of Vienna looked upon as the
only result of the Council of Basil in Germany. In this light it seems to be
viewed, 1457, by JEneas Sylvius epist. 383, ad Mart. Mayerum : Verum cum
dicis, decreta Basiliensis Concilii non custodiri, idque putas injuriosum esse nationi,
indignam dicimus esse querelam tuam. Propter decreta enim Basiliensis Concilii
inter sedem Apostolicam et nationem vestram dissidium ccepit, cum vos ilia prorsus
tenenda diceretis, Apostolica vero sedes omnia rejicei'et. Itaquc fuit deidque
compositio facta, in qua nos imperatorio nomine interfuimus. Ea certam legem
dedit, deinde inviolabiliter ol)servandam, per quam aliqua ex decretis Concilii
praedicti recepta videntur, aliqua rejecta. So too in his Germania, c. 11.: Po-
stremo eo modo concordia,' locus fuit, ut sententia quorundam decretorum Basili-
ensis Concilii reciperetur, reliqua vero ejus statuta i-ejecta viderentur. It was
shown, however, by Leibnitz Cod. jur. Gentium P. I. p. 396, anteriora concordata
et concessa, qualia in decretis Constantiensis et Basileensis Concilii et Eugenii
approbatione continentur, hie confirmari, adeoque male vulgo negligi. After the
Acceptation of Mayence had been brought to light by Horix (see § 131, note 41),
the true relation of these documents was established, and acknowledged by the
canonist Ncller in Triers, Endres and Gregel in Wilrzburg, Jung in Heidelberg,
Roth in Mayence, and Hedderich in Bonn, especially during the controversies
concerning the authority of the papal Nuntios, see especially Jo. Phil. Gregel
diss, de juribus nationi Germanicas ex acceptatione Decretorum Basileensium quae-
sitis, per Concordata Aschaffenburgcnsia moditicatis aut stabilitis. Mogunt. 1787.
4to. (reprinted in P. A. Gratz Coiitinuatio thesauri juris eccl. ab A. Schmidt
adornati, vol. I. Mogunt. 1829. 8vo. p. 41 seq.). On the other hand, Spittler
(Gesch. der Fundamentalgesctze der deutschkathol. Kirche im Verh4ltnisse zum
röm. Stuhle, in d. Götting. histor. Magazin, Bd. 1, St. 2, S. 347, St. 3, S. 474,
Bd. 4, St. 1, S. 151) attempted to show that the decrees of Basil were really abro-
gated by the Concordat of Aschaffenhurg. See, on the other hand, Koch Sanct.
Pragm. p. 47 seq. Ueber die Fundamentalgesctze der deutschkathol. Kirche im
Verb, zum löm. Stuhle, ein Nachtrag zur Spittler'schen Geschichte. Frankf. u.
Leipz. 1790 (in which Spittler's essays on the subject are given in full and an-
swered).
Chap. I. Papacy. % 132. Council of Basil Nicolas V. 209
mains of the Council of Basil, removed in 1448 to Lausanne," had
likewise to submit ; the former resigning, the latter being finally
dissolved (1441)).*^ The hopes of the Pope of reviving the old order
of things in Germany were raised still higher by the weakness of the em-
peror Frederick III., who, in his transport at the long desired corona-
tion at Rome, 1452, proposed a new crusade to the Holy Land
instead of the stipulated council.^ The fall of Constantinople soon
after (May 29, 1453), seemed to call in earnest for a crusade, and
the Pope proceeded at once to proclaim one, and imposed a tithe on
the churches for its support.!'^ But the papal power had sunk too
low in popular estimation to act upon public opinion as in former
times, and by the excitement of religious enthusiasm get free at
once from their political embarrassments. The preparations for a
crusade went no farther than fruitless consultations and empty prom-
ises, and the only advantage the popes derived therefrom was the
revival under a plausible pretext, of many of the old modes of extort-
ing money which had been abolished by the reform. For this very
reason, however, the majority amongst the Germans, who felt them-
selves deceived and cheated by the Pope and the emperor, looked on
all these preparations for a crusade only as a new means of satisfying
the rapacity of the pontiff; i' so that when Calixtus TIL, immediately
â– ^ After the imperial safe conduct had been announced to them, A. D. 1447, and
the city of Basle compelled by three successive orders to remove the council from
their precincts, see M ü 1 1 e r' s Gesch. schweizerischer Eidgenossen, Th. 4 (neue
Aufl. Leipz. 182(j), S. 262 ff.
" See the Acta in i?at/«aW, 1449, no. 3 seq. Mailer's Reich.-tagstheatrum,
Th. 1, S. 366 ff.
^ See the speech of .iEneas, delivered in the presence and by authority of the
emperor, in iEnem Sylvii hist. Frid. III. in Kollarii Analecta Monum. T. II. p.
307, and especially the passage p. 317 : Alius fortasse vel generale Concilium,
vel ref'ormationis decreta petivisset. Sed quod majus haberi Concilium potest,
quam TuEe Sanctitatis Tuique Sancti Senatus prssentia ? Frustra Concilium petit,
qui Roinani Pontificis mandata non recipit. Ubi Tua Sanctitas est, ibi Concilium,
ibi Reges, ibi mores, ibi decreta, salubrisque reformalio. Cajsari susceptis imperi-
alibus infulis, Tuaque sacra manu coronato nihil hoc tempore visum est antiquius,
quam de Passagio Tecum agere. The answer of the Pope shows that he knew
his man : Ecclesiam numquam Imperio sacro tarn gratam esse posse, quam debeat:
expeditionem, de qua loquutus esset ^neas, laudandum opus, dignuinque Cajsare,
multam pr.t se ferre pietatem : — consulendos tamen esse cwteros Christians reli-
gionis Principes, eorumque auxilia in tantum opus quffirenda: quos si benivolentes
invenerit, relaturum se Cajsari, atque tarn sanctum negotium summo couatu ag-
gressurum.
1" The bull dated September 30, 1453, in Raynald, ad h. a. no. 9. e. g.
Inprimis universos Principes Christianos — hortamur, requirimus et mandamus in
vim professionis factae in sacri susceptione baptismatis, ac in vim juramenti praestiti,
cum dignitatum suarum infulas susceperunt, ut ad defensioncm Christianae religio-
nis et fidei cum bonis et personis suis pro sua possibilitate verisimiliter et indesi-
nenter assistant, aeterna praemia recepturi ah illo, cujus causam egere, et in pra?-
senti vita pariter et in futura. Quod inpra?sentiarum credimus cuilibet esse de
necessitate salutis, cum talis sit necessitatis articulis, a qua se nullus legitime
valeat excusare, etc.
1' Of these preparations and their influence on the Germans, see Pii II. Pont.
Max. Conimentaiii rerum memorabilium, quae temporibus suis contigerunt, libb.
XII. a Joanne GobelUno (the private secretary of Pius II., properly speaking, by
VOL. III. 27
210 Third Period. Die. V\ A. D. 14U9 — 1517.
after his accession (1455) began to pursue tliis object with still greater
zeal, 1'^ the only consequence was to arouse the reform party in Ger-
many to new efforts, in order to regain the liberty of which they
the Pope himself, see Platiiia ed. 1645, p. 760) coiiipositi. Francof. 1614, fol. p.
22 seq. At tlie Diet of Rali^boiine, a general promise was given, which was to
be more distinctly considered at the next Diet in Frankfurt (see M tiller's
Reichslagsthcatrum. Th. 1. 8. 450). But at this Diet (in Sept. 1454) mutali erant
Theutonuin animi, nee cuiquarn placebat, expeditionem in Turcas fieri : infecta;
veluti venenis quibusdam aures neque Imperatoi-is nomen, neque Romani Praesulis
ferre poterant dicebantque, eos corrodere aurum velle, non bellum gerere : sed
alium futurum Coneilii exituin, quam sibi persuasissent : nee pecuniam collaturos
Germania; populos, nee in niilitiam daturos noniina : atque in earn sententiam per-
suasi omnes Imperatori ct Paps maledicere, legatos eorum contemnere, Burgundos
irrideie, qui proni ad expeditionem videbantur, Hungaris durissima verba dare,
qui, cum suum regnuni tueri nequivissent, nunc Germaniam suis calamitatibus
involvere vellent: nee ulla spes reliqua erat rei bene gerendiE, cum decretum
Ratisponense prorsus rcjiceretur. At cum in concionem itum est, locuto ^nea
(as imperial Commissaiius) omnium repente aninii in priorem belli gerendi ardo-
rem i-ediere. Oravit ille duabus ferine horis, ita intentis animis auditus, ut nemo
unquam expuerit, nemo ab orantis vultu oculos suos averterit, etc. (The speech
itself see in Müller's Reichstagstheatrum. Th. 1. S. 474 ff). But Eneas'
vanity exaggerates the effect of his eloquence. It was, to be sure, resolved to
send a considerable army to the help of the Hungarians ; but the particulars were
left to be decided at the next Diet in "Sienna. More impartial the account of the
Fi-anciscan, Johannes Capistranus, (the onlj- person who seemed still to have the
power of the old preachers of crusades to stir up the people, see Chr. A. Pe-
scheck in 111 gen's Zeitschr. für die hist. Theologie. Bd. 2. St. 2. S. 259 ff.),
who was also piesent in Frankfurt, in his letter to the Pope, of Oct. 28, 1454, in
Wadding Annales Älinorum, ed. 2. T. XII. p. 203: cum apud multos appareat
in praisenti dieta magna fuisse conclusa, mihi vero aut nihil, aut parum boni con-
clusum extitisse visum est. For as every thing was left to be decided at future
councils, the Hungarians might in the mean time be conquered by the Turks,
He then gives the Pope notice of the state of the public mind, which continued
unchanged by the diet: Omnes Principes, omnes Domini, totus nuindus generaliter
dicit : Qaomodo volunms contra Turcntn proprios sudoues, propria nostra bona,
panem Jiliorum nostrorum exponere, quandoquidem summtis Pontifex in turri-
bus, in grossis 7nuris, in calce et lapidibus thesaurum s. Petri expendit, quern in
defcnsioneni sanctce Jidei deberet expendere ? During the Diet in Vienna, Nicho-
las V. died, and the deliberations on this subject were again deferred.
12 Platina in vita Calixti HI. ed. 1645. p. 727: bellum Turcis statini indixit.
Id se ante Pontificatuu) vovisse ostendens suo ehirographo, his verbis scripto, quod
in libro quodam suo extabat: Ego Calistus Pontvf'ex Deo omnipotenti voveo et
sanctcP, individucs Trinitati, me bcllo, maledictis, interdictis, execrationibus, et
demum quibuscunque rebus potero, Turcos Christiani i^ominis hastes scBvissimos
persecuturum. Aduiirati sunt omnes qui aderant, quod Pontificatus nomen sibi
desumpsissct ante adeptam dignitatem, quodque homo senex ac fere decrepitus
tantum animi habeiet. Ut auleni quod promiserat re ipsa prfestarc posset, Pra;-
dicatores per totam Europani statim misit, etc. (More particularly .S'. Antoninus
in Summa, P. HI. Tit. XXII. cap. 14. init. Constituit plures praedicatores diver-
sarum regionum, qui discuri-ei-ent per civitatcs et castella ad prsedicandam crucem
contra Turcam, qui horlarentui' jjlebcs ad contribuendum eleemosynas ad tarn
sanctum, lam pium, tam nccessarium omnibus opus pro conducendis annigeris,
conccdens indulgenliam plcnariam peccatorum contritis et confessis semel in vita
et semel in morte cuicunquc elcemosynam V. Ducatorum largienti, auctoritatem-
que tribuens absohendi et dispen'-andi in niultis casibus). Ex his autem facultati-
bus ad sedeciin triremes Rom;v a-dificatas in hostem misit, Patriarcha Aquilcjensi
Pra-fecto, qui tricnnio maritima bosdum A-^ianorum vexavit, insulas quasdain cepit,
ac magna« calamitates hosfibus intulit. See a bull of May 15, 1455, according to
which a general crusade was to begin on the 1st of March, 1456, see Raynald,
ann. 1455, no. 19.
Chap. I. Papacy. §132. Calixtus III. 211
had been defrauded. As the emperor, under the influence of the crafty
^neas Sylvius, was wholly on the side of the Pope,^^ the Reformers
were obliged to content themselves for the present, with loud and
bitter complaints against both pope and emperor,^'' ou account of the
infringement of the Concordats ; and the Pope ventured even to go
so far as to maintain in a letter of reproof sent to them, that the ob-
servance of the Concordats depended on the papal pleasure. ^^ But
'^ Gobellini comm. p. 2.5 : Haec cum audita essent in Austria (at the diet in
Vienna), fuere non pauci, qui Caesaii suaserint, nunc teiiipus esse coiircendi
Apostolicam sedem, ne tantum in Germania posset; conventiones, quae cum Euge-
nic quarto factae fuerant, diminutas esse, nee prius obediendum Romano Pontiiici,
quam ea concederet, quaj natio Germanica optaret; ancillam eam videri, libertatem
aliquando mereri. Atque hoc ipsum Jacobus Treverensis Arcliiepiscopus obnixe
requirebat, qui ex lite lucrum aliquod expectabat. Contra ^neas non esse e re
Csesaris ajebat, Romani Pontiticis auctoritatem reprimere, ut populi gratia iniretur,
qua; sui natura inconstantissima est ; nee multitudini relinquendas habenas, quam
nosset principatibus inirnicam ; inter Principes aliquando amicitiam inveniri, infer
plebem et regem odium immortale; Papain Imperatoris, et Imperatorem Papas
auxilio indigere ; stultum esse illi nocere, cujus expectes opem ; cum Ponliticatus
novus initur, tunc Romani Pra-sulis gratiam beneticiis emerendam. Quodsi ab
injuriis incipias, difficile in benevolentiam patei'e aditum; mittendam more majo-
rum obedientiam, foedusque cum novo Praesulc honestum ineundum, eoque pacto
Germanos Imperatori obedituros. Vicit ^Encae sententia, atque ipse missus est,
qui ea perageret, quae suaserat, etc. The speech of ^•Eneas before the Pope on
this occasion is in the collection of his letters, Ep. 413.
''' At the Diet of Nuremberg, 14.56, the electors had already thought of choosing
a king of Rome even without the emperor's consent, see M ii 1 1 e r' s Reichstags-
theatrum. Th. 1. S. 55Ö ff. At a meeting of the electors of Mayence, Cologne,
the Palatines, Saxony and ]3randenburg, and the archbishops of Salzburg and
Bremen, which took place in Frankfurt, 1457, a new assembly of the princes in
Nuremberg was resolved upon for St. Martin's Day, 1457, at which it should be
considered (see Neue Sammlung der Reichs-Abschiede. Frankf. a. M. 1747. fol.
Th. 1. S. 190) : anne magis expediat pro honore Principum et nationis, quod
decreta Constantiensis et Basileensis Conciliorum, qu« ea gravamina contingunt,
circa quae magis necessarium fuerit providendum, absque modificatione et simpli-
citer — repetantur et innoventur: vel quod ordinationes intermedise, de quibus in
avisajnentis supradictis cautum et actum est, prosequantur et continuentur, seu
quod alia congrua et honesta via Alemanniae consulatur. Also de modo et forma,
quibus Romanus Imperator posset induci ad concurrendum una cum Principibus
Alemanniae in i-e ista, et etiam ad providendum Nationi vel per pragmaticam
sanctionem vel alio remedio oportuno. So too, anne Dominus Apostolicus vel
literis, vel oratoribus, et quibus modis et mediis interpellandus sit super hac re.
The Avisamenta here referred to were to be communicated in the first place to
the other princes. Perhaps they were the same with the Pragmatica Sanctio,
mentioned by .3Sneas in his Germania, c. 78, seq. (see note 19, below).