rum animos contumacissimos ita sedavit, ut amicissimi discederent ; in tanta proce-
rum Romanorum vastatione, quod sane incredibile, nullum in urbe tumultum,
nulla sensimus arma : omnia ipse obire, parum in rebus arduis cuiquam fidere. —
Idem in otio solutissimus, in metu constantissimus : nunquam negotia seu legatio-
nes audiendas voluptate praevertit, res in multam noctem protrahebat, brevissimi
somni cibique. Artes liberales, si non colebat, admirabatur, juiis prajsertim scien-
tiam ubi esse contingeret. Salaria doctoribus, stipendia militibus, mercedem
operariis nunquam est differre, nedum auferre, visus, cujus rei gratia exercitum,
quem magnum sjepe nutriebat ductore filio, lidelissimum habuit : brevique tem-
pore ac negotio totam fere iEmiliam, quse tributa non exsolverat, ei subegit. In
annonas difficultate, quae bis contigit, advecta e Sicilia magna vi frumenti ita dili-
genter urbi providerat, ut plebes nullum fere sentiret incommodum. Has igitur
animi dotes niagnis obruerat vitiis, quae narrare non attinet : tantum referam, qua;
vulgus adspexit. Si quando rerum fasce non premeretur, omni se remissionis
generi sine discrimine dedidit : quapropter comcedias Plautinas, caeteraque ludicra
libenter spectavit, frequenterque in Hadriani moiem ventitabat, ut palam persona-
tes per eorum ferias, ac omnes dies festos si quid elegantius in hominum genere
per viam pra;teriret, propius adspiceret. In nuptiis filife, quae ad vii-um Ferrariam
profectura erat, equestres ludos et venationem in Vaticano extra ordinem dedit.
In urbe gladiatorum nunquam licentia major, nunquam populo Romano libertas
244 Third Period. Div. V. A. D. 1400 — 1517.
<§> 134.
PIUS III. (22 Sept. to IS Oct. 1503), julius ii. (31 Oct. 1503 to
21 Feb. 1513), leg x. (11 March, 1513 to 1 Dec. 1521).
Paris de Grassis (from 1504 Magister cerenionianim, from 151.3 bishop of Pesaro,
"f 152S) Diariian atrite Romana from 1504-1522. (Excerpta therefrom in
Raynald and Roscue ; from 1517 in Mabillon Museum Ital. II. p. 587; from
1518-1522 in Hofinanni nova Scriptorum ac Monument, collectio. T. I.
p. 395 seq. Description of the whole in A'otices et extraits des Mss. de la
Bihl. du Roi. T. II. p. 54ß seq. Perfect Mss. also in Wolfenbüttel and Mu-
nich, see Sophronizon VI. 1. S. 3 fT.)
The Life and I'ontificate of Leo the Tenth, by William Roscoe. 4 vols. Liverpool.
1805.
After Alexander's death the newly formed principality of Caesar
Borgia was at once dissolved ; the states of which it had been com-
posed submitting again to their former masters, or acknowledging the
rule of the Pope. At the same time the Venetians began to make
incursions into the Romagna.i The warlike Julius II. resolved to
restore the ancient papal sway in full. He first wrested Perugia and
Bologna from those who held them (A. D. 1506). Fuiding it less
easy to com])el the powerful republic of Venice to give up its con-
quests, he at length resolved, though unwillingly, to call in foreign aid,
and joined himself to the League of Cambray concluded between
France and the emperor,- assisting them both with spiritual and tem-
niinor. Delatorum magna frequentia, brevissimo maledicto poena mortis erat.
Giassatorum insuper onmia plena ; nee noctu tutum per urbem iler, nee interdiu
extra urbem. Roma, gentium refugium, et arx populorum omnibus ssculis, nol)i-
lis jam carnificina facta erat. Qua; quidem omnia suorum causa, quibus omnia
indulserat, permittebat. Ipse quoque Ca?sar, dum haec ei licuore, ea fuit indole,
ut si ab initio in bonos incidisset vita; monstratores, perpetuam sibi reiquc Koma-
nae gloriam peperisset : nam ct in ea adolesccntia, quantum perspicere potuimus,
nee deliberanti consilium, nee ductanti exercitum majorum disciplina, neque ser-
monem habenti facundia defuere : eaque demum a natura libeialilate, ut patris
avaritiam saepe palam detcstaretur : a justitia quoqtie, uti videbatur, minime abbor-
rens ; quin in yEmilia jam adepta summa a>quitatc populos regel)at, ac judiccm
gravissimum Antonium Montanum juii dicundo pra'posuit, tanla subditorum pio-
batione, ut illi vel defuncto Alexandro, quod minime putabatur, in officio persiste-
rent. Verum ut sterile solum et intempcries cadi bona frugum semina pi'necipi-
tant, sic et hunc prava institufio, ac proximorum libido a i-ecta virtutis semita
delorserunt, ex quo seque ac omnein Italiam varus calamitatibus involvit.
' Ranke's Gesch. der romanischen u. germ. Völker from 1494-1535. Bd. 1.
S. 216, 221 ff. Leo's Gesch. d. ital. Staaten. Th. 5. S. 168 flf.
"^ Ranke Bd. 1. S. 273 ff.; 302 f. The Pope, the emperor, and the kings of
France and Arragon, allied themselves here against the Venetians (Raynald , 1509,
no. 4.) pro recuperalione seu reintegratione omnium depcrditorum. — Nee prius a
praedicta invasione, seu gucri-a, aut armis per aliqucm coriim desistetur, quam
omnino et integre Apostolica sedcs recupcraverit Ravennam, Cerviam, Faventiam, et
Ariminum, — ac omnia alia, quK dc statu et juiibus Ecclesia; Romana? dicti Vcneti
occupant ct detinent; et — Imperator recupcraverit Roveretum, Veronam, Paduam,
Vicentiam, Tarvisium, Forumjulium, — necnon Patriarchatum Aquilegienseni, —
omniaque alia loca et dominia per ipsos Venetos in hoc ultimo bello capta et occu-
Chap. I. Papacy. § 134. Puis III. 245
poral arms in the war against Venice.^ To divide where they could
not hope to conquer, or even resist, the Venetians made the desired
concessions to the Pope. Julius, already concerned at the progress
of the French arms in Italy, readily listened to their overtures (Feb.
20, ISIO),"^ and immediately commenced hostilities against the
French and their ally, the Duke of Ferrara. On the 3d of July,
1510, he deprived the king of France of Naples, bestowing it on
Ferdinand, the Catholic,-^ whilst against the duke of Ferrara he issued
a sentence of condemnation on the 9th of August.*^ It was in vain that
Louis XI. attempted to intimidate him by a national council at Tours,
Sept. 1510,^ and Germany by weighty gravamina, as well as the threat
pata ex terris et dominus domus Austrite ; et pari modo ipse Christianissimus Fran-
corum Rex recuperaveiit lotaliter Brixiaii), Beigoinuin, — et generaliter omnia ea,
qua» fuerunt antiquitus de ducatu et dominio Mediolani ; — et similiter ipse serenis-
simus Rex Aragonuin recuperaverit ea omnia, quaj ipsi Veneti de regno Neapoli-
tano — quovis modo abstulcrunt, — videlicet Tranum, Briindusium, Otrantuni at
Gallipolim. An account of the attempt made by Julius, notwithstanding the treaty
to effect a i-econciliation with Venice, see in Petrus Bemhus (of Venice, Caidinal,
•J" 1547) hist. Venet* lib. VII. in the Istorici delle cose Veneziane, i quali hanno
scritto per publico Dccreto. T. II. p. 260 : Confecto foedere Julius tametsi cupidi-
tate ferebatur Arimino Faventiaque potiundi, quia tamen at Gallorum Regem
magna; per se potentia; multo majorem suo permissu fieri nolebat, et cum illam
nationem, turn Germania; populos in possessionem Italia; venire, optimapqua ejus
partis atque populosissima; dominos fieri, sibi reliquisque Italis dctiimentosum exis-
timabat futurum, ut ab illis Venetos opprimi sineret, adduci prope non poterat.
^ Bembus hist. Venet. lib. VII. p. 273: Julius — pra;ter quod exercitum in
fines reipublicae introduxissat, ad illud etiam pertinaciter descendit, ut Laui'edano
Principi, Senatuique omni Venato, et civibus singulis aqua et igni interdiceret
ejusque rei literas onuiibus hominibus vulgandas proponaret maledictorum et axe-
crationum plenas, nisi die pra;stituta non Faventiam modo atque Ai-iminum, sad
Ravennam quoqua Cerviamque sibi tradiderint : quEe quidem oppida centum fernie
annos in reipublicae imperio fuerant, neque ullus ea Pontifex Maximus in dubium
ravocaverat, quin jure a republica possiderentur. (The bull dated 27 Apr. 1509,
in Raynahl, ad h. a. no. 6, threatens, after 24 days' interval, not only the Anathema
and Interdict, but further (which Raynald omits, but which we find in Guicciar-
dini, lib. VIII. p. 737 seq.), that the possessions of the Venetians in all countries
shall be seized, and they themselves sold for slaves.) Qua intellacta re ne plebs
ejusmodi Uteris, plus quam tempora et reipublica; difficultatas postularent, permo-
veretur, Senatus cavit, ne reciperentur, neve, qui afferrent, admitterentur : appel-
lavit atiam de eo futurum Concilium, missis Romam affixisque in tamplorum foribus
publicoe expostulationis uteris, missis etiam in Pannoniam ad Thomam Cardinalem
Strigoniensam : nam ei propter Patriarchatum Constantinopolitanum, cui priserat,
una cum tribus Episcopis Concilium cogandi jus potestasque antiquitus erat at-
tributa.
" Bembus, lib. VIII. p. 285, 291, 294; lib. IX. p. 350 ; lib. X. p. 358. Ranke
Bd. 1. S. 322 ff. Leo Th. 5. S. 217 ff.
* The document in Raynald, 1510, no. 25.
^ Sea Raynald, 1510, no. 15.
'' Of which see the account of the imperial ambassador sent to Margaret of
Austria, in the Lettres du Roy Louis XII. et du Cardinal George d'Aiiiboise (a.
Brusselle, 1712. 4 T. 12mo.) T. 2. p. 29. The chancellor was ordered to open the
council (p. 32), narranttous les bicns et grans plaisirs, que ledit Seigneur Roy avoit
fait au Pape avant et apres sa Papalite et mesmement pour le faire aslire Pape,
narrant aussi I'ingratitude et la mecongnoissanca dudit Pape anvers ladit Seigneur
Roy, et comme sans cause ny raison il avoit rompue I'alliance faicta k Cambray
antra si nobles Princes de Chrasüente, aussy I'emotion qu'il avoit fait des Suisses,
et ce qu'il avoit voulu faire contra Gennes, et la ligue qu'il avoit faite avee les
246 Third Period. Div. V. A. D. 140Ü — 1517.
of a Pragmatic Sanction 1510:^ even a general council summoned
Venitiens, et semblableinent ce qu'il faisoit contre le Due de Ferrare Fon a lie:
et leur a fait donner aucuns articles per escript, sur lesquels il deuiandoit leur
advis et conseil. Of these articles, or questions, and the answers of the council,
there are three texts, the first in the collections of the Acts of Councils (e. g.
Harduin IX. p. 1555), the second in the French translation in ^ViC. Gilles
Croniques et Annales de France (Paris, 1566. fol.) vol. II. fol. 133 b., the third in
J. E. K appcns Nachlese einiger zur Erläuterung der Refonnatiousgesch. nüss-
lichen Urkunden. Th. 4. S. 490, all three given by Kapp S. 470 ff. The council
decides that the king has a right in self-defence against the Pope as his known
enemy, to invade the territory of the church, and deny the authority of such a
pontiff; to the question, what shall be his course afterwards, the first text has :
servandum esse jus commune antiquum et pragmaticam sanctionem regni, ex
decretis sacrosancti Concilii Basileensis desumptara ; in the third : appellare in
omnibus ad futurum Concilium. Finally to the question: si Pontifex injuste,
ordine juris non servato, procedens de facto, et manu arniata, pronunciet — aliquas
censuras contra Principes sibi resistentes, — an ei parendum sit, et quod remedium
adhibendum .' the first text replies : conclusum est unanimiter per Concilium,
talem sententiam nuUam esse, nee de jure, vel alio quocumque modo ligare ; the
third : non esse parendum, sed appellandum ad futurum Concilium. At the close
follow in the third text certain Conclusiones (see Kapp, S. 493), the contents of
which are given also in the account of the imperial ambassador (Lettres du Roy
Louis XII. T. II. p. 47). They contain first complaints of the oppressiones et
indebitas exactiones contra stilum in Romana Curia Ecclesia; (Jallicanas impositas,
quibus nulla provisio adhibetur per S. D. N. nee per ejus officiales, et quod deterius
est, nulli licet libere de hujusmodi gravaminibus quferelarn facere in dicta Curia
Romana; — et quasi in cunctis ita oppressa est dicta Ecclesia Gallicana, ut nun-
quam antea. Then the enmity of the Pope to the king is shown, and the conclu-
sion drawn, Oratores instituendos ad ipsuin S. D. N. Julium secundum — et
Reverendissimos Cardinales, qui qua decet rcverentia supplicent, — ut Sanctitas
sua velit congregare Concilium Ecclesiae in loco tuto et convenient! ad deterniina-
tionem ultimorum Conciliorum genei-alium, quatenus fieri poterit ; idemque pro-
curet Christianissimus Rex apud Imperatorem et alios Principes Christianos, ut
sibi adsint et opem ac auxilium ferant pro eodem Concilio generali congregando ad
reformationem Ecclesiffi universalis in capite et in membris : et supplicare etiam
eidem S. D. N., — ut interim — durantibus dissensionibus, quae nunc sunt inter
S. D. N. et eundem Regem suosque subditos, det Pcenitentiarum in regno Fran-
ciae — cum potestate dispensandi et providendi in omnibus casibus, votis, absolutio-
nibus ab excommunicationibus, irregulariiatibus, et aliis censuris intervcnientibus,
et disnensationibus in gradibus consanguinitatis et affinitatis, et universaliter cum
plenaria potestate providendi in omnibus casibus concernentibus forum poenitentise
et salutem animarum : in casu quo S. D. N. recusaret Concilium generale vel
nimis differret, — vel recusaret Poenitentiarium deputare, cum protestatione ex-
pressa nominibus Christianissimi Regis et Ecclesiffi Gallicanae contra prffifatuin
D. N. Papam et sues Cardinales ad omnia juris remedia.
8 See the Acta in Orthuivi Gratii fascic. rei-um expctendarum et fugiendarum
fol. 167 seq. ; and thence in Flacii catal. test, verit. no. 186 (ed. Francf. 1666. p.
467 seq.). Georgii imperatorum totiusque nationis germ, gravamina adv. sedem
Romanam. Francof. et Lips. 1725. 4to. ]). 279 seq. M (1 nch 's Concordate Th. 1.
S. 96 ff., and in various other collections. From their agi-eement with Jac. Wiin-
phelingii Jieplica contra jEnecB Sylvii tract, de Germania (see § 132, note
19) Tentsel (hist. Bericht vom Anfang u. ersten Fortgang der Reform.
Lutheri S. 64 Anm.) justly concludes that they wei-e drawn up by VVinipheling.
The Gravamina perhaps were written in the name of the States-general, but hardly
the following Acta : in the Avisamentis it is the most distinctly seen that they must
have been the work of an individual, and by him presented to the emperor. First
come X. Gravamina nationis Germanica; : I. Quod ad servandas bullas, pacta,
privilegia et literas, ab antecessoi-ibus absque omni derogatione concessas, succes-
sores Pontifices tencri se non arbitrantur: imo per crebras dispensationes, suspen-
siones, revocationes ad cujuscunque (etiam vilis) personae instantiam contraveniunt.
Chap. I. Papacy. § 134. Julius II. 247
by both princes at Pisa, A. D. 1511, had no power to move
II. Quod electiones Proelatorum quandoque rejiciuntui-. III. Quod electionibus
Pra'posituiariun, quas quarundam Ecclesiarum Capitula multo a,'re impetrarunt,
conlravenitur. — IV. Quod benellciaet dignitates majores Ciudinalibus ci iioiono-
tariis reservantiir. V. Quod expectativae gratife absque r.unieio conceduntur, et
multEe interduin ad unum collatorem. Unde surgunt quotidiana; Utes, et pecuniae
dilapidantur. — VI. Quod annatiE absque dilatione et sine misericordia, etiam Epis-
copis intra paucos annos niortuis, exiguntur. Inteidum plus, quam debeatur,
extorquetur propter nova officia et novos familiäres. — VII. Ecclesiarum regimina
minus dignis (Romae videlicet) conimittunlur, qui ad mulos raagis, quam homines
pascendos et regendos essent idonei. VIII. Indulgentiae nova; cum revocatione
aut suspensione veterum, laicis contra Clerum niurmurantibus, ad corradendas
pecunias conceduntur. IX. Decima; sub prajtextu expugnandorum Turcarum
exiguntur, nulla expeditione subsecuta. X. Causae, quas in Germania, in qua
etiam docti et justi judices sunt, terminari poterant, ad tribunalia Romana indistincte
trahuntur. Then follows Remedium contra gravamina nationis Germ., representa-
tions to be made to the Pope, drawn partly from the greatness of the evil and
its injustice, and partly from the situation of the country. For instance, it is to be
represented to him that the diocese of Mayence paid formerly only 10,000 florins,
and that this had by him been increased to 20,000, and then even 25,000, 27,000,
and 24,000 had been wrung from them. Non sine causa Jacobus Archiepiscopus
Moguntinus jam fere moriens dixit, se de morte sua non adeo dolere, quam ob id,
quod subditi sui pauperes iterum pro pallio gravem exactionem dare cogerentur.
Mitius ergo summus Pontifex, velut plus pater, iiliorum suorum amator, et fidelis
ac prudens pastor, cum filiis suis Germanicae nationis agat, ne propediem vel in
universos Cliristi sacerdotes persecutio suhoriatur, vel instar Bohemorwn ple-
rique ab Ecclesia deficiant Romana. In the Remedium pro civitatibus Imperii
et animarum salute follow their representations against a plurality of benefices in
one individual, and a petition that the lower places might be more worthily filled.
These are succeeded by Jlvisamenta ad Ctssaream Majestatem : in which a Prag-
matic Sanction, similar to that of France, which indeed had formerly been proposed,
though in vain (see § 132, note 19) is suggested. Sicut regnum Franciae pragmaticam
habet sanctionem, cui in conferendis beneficiis innititur, sic Imperium Romanura
habet concordata Principum,utque eaillssa conserventur, interest Caesarea; Majesta-
tis. — Posset etiam Cssarea Majestas per literas aut oratores facile in regno Francis
experiri, quoniodo illic beneficia conferantur, et quam auctoritatem in conferendis
beneficiis habeat summus Pontifex. Secundum hoc posset moderamen fieri in
Imperio Romano, et frenum inexplebili avaritiae Curtisanorum adhiberi. Si pras-
clarse universitates, praecipue facultas theologica Parisiensis approbaverit niodum
ilium, qui de disponendis et conferendis beneficiis in Francia servatur: nemo dubi-
tet, Caesaream Majestatem et Principes Gei'manos, si se isto modo confoi-maverint,
apud Deum tutos fore et excusatos. Praesumendum enim est, quod tanti Pralati,
tanti doctores, tarn probafi viri, qui in regno Francis ac in Studio Parisiensi vivunt,
nihil approbent, quod contra Deum aut justitiam comniitteretur. Provideat tarnen
Caesarea Majestas, ne Archiepiscopi Electores in hoc sancto institute a se dissenti-
ant — propter censuras Apostolicas quas timebunt : et populus inteidictum diu non
sustinebit. Provideat etiam Caesarea Majestas, ne fratres mendicantes contra
ipsam praedicent, qui sedi Apostolicje libenter deferunt, timentes perdere privilegia
sua. — Timeat Caesarea Majestas, ne Papa mandet Electoribus, ut ad electionem
novi Regis Rom. procedant, sicut contra Fridericum secundum Lantgravius Thu-
ringiae et Guilelmus Hollandias comes jubente Papa fuerunt electi. Timeat Caes.
Majestas omnes Pralatos Ecclesiarum, praecipue Pra?positos (who were appointed
by the Pope, see § 132, note 4), qui ex juramento tenentur avisare Papam, etc.
The Conclusio et pia exhortatio ad C'as. Majestatem closes the whole. Its
effects are seen in the imperial edict annexed, dd. ffiniponte 1510, against a plu-
rality of benefices, and the obtaining them by Simony, which is forbidden sub
poena criminis lassae Majestatis et gravissimce nostras offensa^. The emperor then
commissioned Jacob Wimpheling, according to the counsel given in the Avisa-
mentis, to arrange the Sanctio Pragmatica of the French for Germany. Maximi-
lian's letter to Wimpheling, with his answer, and a sketch of the Sanction so
altered, see in Flacii Catal. ed. Francof. 1666. p. 474. Georgii, p. 315 seq.
248 Third Period. Div. V. A. D. 1409 — 1517.
him. 9 On the contrary, he summoned an ecumenical council at the Lat-
reanonllie lÖthofJuly, löII,to April, \~AZ (Cone. Lateranense V.),i'>
* Immediately after the Council in Toui-s, Matthew Lang, bishop of Gurk,
appeared in Prance as ambassador of the emperor to renew the league of Canibray
(Lettres du Koy Louis XII. T. II. p. 67 seq.), and then repaired to Italy to
arrange afTliirs with the Pope. But the Pope not being able to coirupt the bishop
(1. c. p. 107), nor the bishop to overcome the obstinacy of the Pope (p. 168, pour
mettre le Pape hors de la obstinoe et dyaboliquc pertinaxite oil il est), (see the
letter of the bishop of Gurk to the bishop of Palis, p. 160 seq.), this last returned
at the end of April, 1511, wilhout having etfected his purpose (p. 205). Paris
de Grassis in Raynald, 1511, no. 57. Comp. Leo's Gesch v. Italien. Th. 5.
S. 229 IT. In the mean time many French prelates assembled at Lyons in April,
to arrange preliminaries for a council (Lettres II. p. 145) : at the same time nego-
tiations were begun in Milan with three cardinals, who had deserted Julius, and
in their name and that of six other cardinals, letters wei-e issued on the 16th of
May, 1511, for a general council at Pisa on the 1st of September, according to the
Convocatio Concilii in Richerii hist. Concill. lib. IV. P. I. cap. .3, considerantes
quantiim reipublicas Christian« utilitatem Concilia generalia universalis Ecclesise
attulerint, quantumque detrimenti ex eorum intermissione Christiana respublica sit
passa ; cuinque impri^sentiarum conspiciant clare, magnara instare necessitatem
universalis Concilii congiegandi pro vera pace Christianorum fundanda, et suffici-
enti hello contra infideles stabiliendo : necnon potissime pro reformatione raorum
universalis Ecclesia» in capite et in membris plurimum collapsorum, ac emenda-
tione ciiminum gravissimorum notoriorum, continuorum ac incorrigibilium uni-
versalem Ecclesiain scandalizantium ; — quumque tempus decennii post ultimum
universale Concilium jamdudum sit effluxum, et saluberrima decretali Constanti-
ensi constitutione edita, qu;e incipit Frequens, singulis deceuniis universale Conci-
lium congregari debeat, et S. D. N. Dominus Julius' P. IL, cui prime cur» esse
deberet illud convocandi, tanto tempore hoc neglexerit, maxime cum voverit et
juraverit post biennium a creatione sua illud tenere, et nedum negligens in prfe-
cepto Ecclesias et Concilii, sed et voti et juramenti hujusmodi transgressor, illud
non tenuerit, tempusepie interpellet pro homine, cumque numquam sua auctoritate
aut voluntate futurum Concilium credatur celebrandum : et cum de gravibus
EcclesiK scandalis in capite agendum sit, quo casu — ad summum Pontiticem
congregatio Concilii non attinet, sed secundo loco ad Revv. DD. Cardinales. The
Pope is then called upon, abstinere a creatione novorum Cardinalium, et a publi-
catione creatorum, — et processu contra antiquos Cardinales, aliosque Praslatos et
personas ad Concilium ipsum accedere volentes, — necnon ab impediendo hujus-
modi convocationem Concilii directe vel indirecte, publice vel occulte quovis
quEBsito colore, et ab alienafione feudorum seu ten-arum S. R. E. In quibus omni-
bus causis cum omni humilitate protestainur de nullitate actus, etc. See two
letters of the cardinals to Charles, prince of Spain and archduke of Austria, and
to Margaret, archduchess of Austria, in the Lettres du Roy Louis XII. T. II.
p. 235 seq.
"^ See the bull announcing it in Raynohl, 1511, no. 9 seq. In this Julius answers
the allegations brought against him by the cardinals who had deserted his cause,
declares the convocationem schismatica? convcnticuls, synagogae Satana» et Ecclesiae
malignantiuni, per Datlian ct Abiron, auctores schismatum eorumque null ; forbids
it under penalty of every kind of ecclesiastical punishment, not excepting infamy ;
and passes a decree of interdict on the place where such council should assemble.
Et nihilominus bonam intentionem nostram exequi volentes, ut antiquae haereses,
qua; in diversis Chi-istianorum partibus nondum extincta; sunt, et pessimum novi-
ter pullulans schisma extinguantur, reformationique moruin tarn ecclesiasticorum,
quam sff'cularium pcrsonarum, qua^ de jure vol consuetudine rcformationi vel
determinationi Concilii suhjiciuntur, bellorumque immincntium seditioni consula-
tur, unicuique quod suum est reddatur, — Christique tideles — congregati ad faci-
endum expeditionem contra infideles, jam rcgnum Sicilia; infestanles, melioi'a ac
nobiliora loca Christianorum occupantes, pra-serlim Jerusalem matrem nostram
antiquam, et ex antiqua Christianorum negligentia deperditam, facilius et promtius
Intendant : in nomine sanctse ct individuae Trinitatis, P. et F. et S. S. — oecume-
nicum, universale ac generale Concilium in alma urbe nostra, communi omnium
I
Chap. I. Papanj. § 134. Julius II. 249
and joined himself in close alliance to France and Spain (Octo-
ber, 1511).'^^ The Synod of Pisa was destitute of authority, being
attended only by French prelates, and their measures against the
Pope a mere show of imitating the Fathers of Basil. ^'^ After the
French had been driven from Italy by the help of the Swiss, and