schaft, fortgessetzt von J. J. Hettinger. Bd. 6. Zürich, 1825. S. 254 ff. In
France, see Joannes Raulinus (Doctor of Theol. in Paris, then a Cluniacensian
monk, "f 1514) Oratio de reformatione Cleri ad Capitulum generale, ed Basil. 1498
(see the extracts in the Auctarium catal. test, veritatis, p. 113). Guido Juvenalis
(a Benedictine, afterwards Abbot of St. Sulpice in Bourges) reformationis monasti-
cae vindicis seu defensio. Paris. 1503. In Germany, see Geiler v. Kaiser-
berg's Leben. Lehren u. Predigten, dargestellt von F. W. Ph. v. Amnion. Er-
langen, 1826. S, 92. IVolfgangus Aytinger, a priest in Augsburg, in the work :
Methodii, Euboici prassulis, suspiria pro i-eformatione, et querela; de corruptione
Ecclesiae. Basil. 1504. The reformations were often only temporai-y. See Vale-
rius Anshelm's (Stadtarzt in Bern) Berner Chronik herausgeg. v. Stierlin
u. Wyss. Bd. 1. (Bern 1825). See the ineffectual attempt of the Landgrave,
William III., to bring about the reformation of the convents in Hesse, in Rom-
mel's Gesch. V. Hessen. Th. 3. Abth. 1. (Cassel. 1827) S. 130 ff.
'^ Thus amongst the Benedictines the Congr. S. Justinee, founded by Lewis
Barho in the convent of St. Justina in Padua, and confirmed by Martin V. 1417.
It extended widely in Italy, and from the year 1504, having been joined by the
convent of Monte Cassino, was called by that name. Hisfoire des ordres monasti-
ques. (par Hippol. Helyot) ä Paris 1714. 4to. T. VI. p. 230 seq. ; the Congreg.
of Valladolid, which originated in the convent of St. Benedict, in Valladolid, I. c.
p. 236 seq. ; the Congreg. of Sicily, formed in 1483, but in 1506 united with that
of Monte Cassino, T. V. p. 56 seq. Amongst the Cisterciensians the Congr,
ObservanticB in Spain, founded by Martin de Vargas, 1425, T. V. p. 382 seq. ; the
Congregation of St. Bernhard in Tuscany and Lombardy, 1497, 1. c. p. 388.
" See note 5. In 1506, 75 convents belonged to it, the names of which are
given in Trithtniius Chron. Spanheimense ad ann. 1429 (0pp. hist. ed. Freheri,
P. II. p. 351) : about 1630, however, the number of monks' convents only was
J42, see the Pesignatio in Leibnitii Scriptt. Brunsv. II. p. 972 seq.
Chap. III. Monachism § 140. Attempts to reform. 293
In the Mendicant orders also, the discipline had become so relaxed,
that a reformation was as much needed as in other ordets. Amongst
the Franciscans the fratres regularis observantise, hitherto objects of
so much suspicion, now took a new stand, being formally approved
by the Council of Constance, and by degrees distinguished by pecu-
liar privileges.^*^ In the convents of the other Mendicant orders, the
same difficulties were found in carrying through a reform as else-
where.i9
18 See § 110, note 15. In the Bull of Confirmation of Sept. 2.3, 1416 (v. d.
Hardt IV. p. 515 seq.), it was provided that they should be under the superinten-
dence of a Vicaiius ministri generalis, to be chosen from their number, and in
each province should have a Vicariuiu ministri provincialis. Afterwards their cause
was much advanced by the zeal of Bernardinus Senensis, from 14.38 Vicarius
generalis for Italy, "f 1444, and John Capistranus his successor, "f 1456, both elo-
quent orators and honored as saints. Finally, in 1517, Leo X. committed to them
exclusively the choice of the General of the order.
1* Jo. JViderus (see above, note 7) de visionibus ac revelationibus I. c. 7.
p. 100 : Scio prKterea Ordinem inter mendicantium Ordines (meaning probably his
own order, the Dominicans), cui Deus jam ante decennium providit de duobus
bonis et benevolentissimis capitibus, quorum unus genei-alis Magister est totius sui
Ordinis, alius vero provinciam grandem regit. Uterque zelator est reformationis
tam validus, ut se pro ea et pro suo grege plus simplici vice, ad resistendum saecu-
laribus, moitis periculo subjacent. Et tarnen uterque modicum profecit in subditis.
Paucos enini conventus reformare potuerunt, quibus velle adjacebat de omnibus,
sed propter inobedientem materiam perficere nequiverunt. A prevailing excess
amongst the Mendicants, was the unlawful intercourse between the monks and
nuns in convents (Cone. Mogunt. ann. 1455, in Hartzheim V. p. 439, it was found
necessary to condemn the principle, quia sanctimonialis professa, si carnis tentatione
et humana fragilitate victa, castitatem servare nollet, minoris culps et facilioris
veniae esset, si cum Religiose quam cum ssculari delinqueret), and their resist-
ance to a i-eform was obstinate in proportion to their privileges. See the account
of the Reform of the Franciscans, male and female, in Heilbronn, which was
carried through by force in 1465, in C. Jager's Mittheilungen zur schwabischen
u. fränk. Reformationsgesch. Stuttgart, 1828. Bd. 1. S. 11 ff. Further of the
Franciscan convent in Ulm and the Nunnery connected with it, which after having
been for fifty years attempted, was at length carried through by force in A. D. 1484,
see Schmidand Pfister Denkwürdigkeiten der Würtemberg. u. schwäbischen
Reformationsgeschichte Heft 2. Tübingen, 1817. S. 12 ff. Of the inefiectual
attempts to introduce a reform in Hesse, see the letter of Landgrave William III.
to Pope Alexander VI. dd. 16, Febr. 1493 (Beurkundete Nachricht von dem
Closter-Hauss Schiffenberg. 2ter Theil. Giessen, 1755. Fol. Beilagen, no. 193.) :
Consideranti mihi jam dudum, multa proeclara monasteria in temporal! dominio
meo — fundata et dotata jam proh dolor diebus istis tam miserabiliter a regular! vita
defecisse, quod ne vestigium ullum pristinae honestafis et sanctitatis remanserit, imo
declinasse ad tam abominabilem et bestialem vitam, quod justius scurrilitatuni recep-
tacula quam monasteria et domus orationum nuncuparentur: ha2C inquam mihi cum
gemitu consideranti, et correctionem talium a Praslatis eorum requirent! Magister
provincialis fratrnm minorum tandem aliquo modo satisfacere temptavit, monaste-
rium b. Francisci in oppido residentia; meae Marpurg in tribus annis quater refor-
mans. Semper eo recedente novissima pejora prioribus : tandem meliores quique
locum deserentes ad Observantes se transtulerunt solis pessimis remanentibus.
Quapropter videns me delusum, S. V. prasdecessori pro opportuno remedio humili-
ter supplicare disposui : tum subito exoritur desiderabilis rumor, advenisse scilicet
Dom. Raymundum quendam cum plena potestate reformandi etiam quaecunque
monasteria. Aditur, rogatur, consentit et mandat ceteris Prslatis de reforrnatione
quorundam monasteriorum, seil. b. Francisci in Marpurg et de Gronenberg, necnon
s. Dominici etiam in Marpurg et in Treysa, ac s. Augustini in Alsfeldia, et in
Heyne Cisterciensis Ordinis, Maguntinensis diocesis : dicens, se ad hoc sufficiente
potestate per apostolica scripta munitum. Quid plura .' credulus ego et laetabundus
294 Third Period. Div. V. A. D. 1409 — 1517.
<§. 140.
INFLUENCE OF THE MENDICANTS.
Notwithstanding the corruption of the Mendicant orders, they ex-
ercised still the most various and extensive influence/ which was all
misi continuo ad Vicarium fratruin minorum de Observantia cum commissione et
mandato pra-dicti Dom. Raymunili, petens, ut monasterium prafatuiii b. Francisci
in Marpiirg vellet quantociiis I'eformare. Vicaiius veio cum desiderium meum
intellexisset, viso mandato ait obsistere sibi adhuc, quod bulla; cuidam Pauli II.
prffdecessoi-is vestri, quaj Paulini seu bulla concoidiae dicitur, non videretur de
verbo ad verbum sutficienter derojiatum. Quod audiens vehementer dolui, per-
severans tarnen niisi anno nonagesimo lapso ad s. Apostolicam sedem, humiliter
petens indultum D. Kaymundi approbari, et suppleii defectus bulla data. Sed
totius boni inimicus Diabolus per se vcl sues affuisse cognoscitur, ut allegatus
defectus, qui erat ex parte Paulina; quoad I'ratres minores, tortuosi serpentis callidi-
tate retorquei-etur ad alia qusdam nionastcria Regularissarum : sic enim sonat
bulla, quod ilia pos^int reformari non obstante Paulina. — Iterum illusus iterum
Oratorem, seil, anno 92, ad Curiam misi, et i-elatum est mihi, quod obtinuerit
signaturam. Sed Beatitudinis Vestra; pra?decessore de hoc saeculo migrante,
similiter et Oratore meo finiente vitam in urbe, rursus pium negotium frustratura
est. Quapropter, beatissime pater, perpendat quaeso clementer B. V. quotiens et
quam diu fraudatus sum a desiderio meo, et quantum perversis et impiis ex hoc
factus sum in parabolam et derisum, quasi homo qui coepit ajdificare et non potuit
consummare: et dignetur tandem Vestra ApostolicaBenignitas mihi et Oratori meo
prassenti in tam pio negotio efficaciter assistere, ac per indulti Raymundi de prae-
dictis virorum monasteriis approbationem, et defectus, si qui sint, maxime deroga-
tionis Paulinae ac alias necessarias clausulas de opportune remedio providere : ne
suspicai'i cogar, quod ex industria hucnsqtie illusus sim, et aiiferatur mihi et
meis in antea credulitas et reverentia literarum et nunciorum Apostoliccs sedis,
compellarqtie exercere potestatem scpcularis gladii, si spiritualis, quam diu
qiUBsivi, negabitur, quia tam gravem Dei contumeliam, ettamimpiam fundatorum
defraudationem, qui talibus absque dubio sua bona dare nunquam intcnderunt, sed
et derisionem meam nequaquam diutius perferam. See Rom me Is Gesch. v.
Hessen. Th. 3. Abth. 1. G. 130 ff. Anmerkungen G. 71 flf. — In Wurtemberg
great pains were taken by Count Uliich from A. D. 1476, to persuade the General
of the Dominicans to undertake the reformation of the nunneries of the order ia
his territories. See Sattler Bd. 4. S. 146 ff. In Switzerland, on the other hand,
they still continued in the convents their free and undisciplined li(e, see M it 1 1 e r' s
Schweizergesch. fortges. von Hottinger. Bd. 6. S. 264. Amongst the Domini-
cans also, congregations were formed of the reformed convents ; thus the Congre-
gation of Aragon, and of Lombaidy, see Hehjot III. p. 225 seq. — In the Carmelite
order John Sorett, General of the order from A. D. 1451, was very active in the
cause of reformation, and was rewarded for his zeal by being poisoned, A. D.
1471, see Helyot I. p. 323 seq.
* Erasmus Adagiorum Chil. 2. Cent. 8. Adag. 65. : Malorum Mendicantium
ubique maxima turba est. Hi sic sese per omne reipublica- corpus sparserunt, ut
nihil usquam agatur sine illis. Regnant in concionibus, quod peculiare munus
Episcoporum; tyrannidcm occuparunt in scholis, quod huic pi-oximum' munus;
per hos ministrantur ecclesiaslica Sacramenta, per hos sacerdotes sumus ; hi plus
quam censoria severitate pronunciant de fidei professione : hie Christianus est,
hie Semichristianiis, hie hareticus, hie sesquihareticus ; in horum sinus populus
effundit occultos vits actus, ct secretissimas animi coEcitationes. Nee his contenti
sunt; nulla peragnnlur Principum fccdrra, in quibus hi non agant partes. Sine
his nullum contrahitur matrimonium ; in thcatricis certaminibus, in publicis sorti-
bus agonothetas agunt : adeo nihil pudet. Denique nee mori licet absque istis.
Nulla est aula Principum, iu quam non irrepserunt. Si quod impudens facinus
destinarunt Principe-s, per hos exequuntur ; si quid moliuntur Romani Pontifices,
Chap. III. Monachism. §140. Influence of the Mendicants. ^Q6
directed to the support of the papal power, from which they had
received their unbounded privileges,- and the advancement of their
several orders. The chief resistance they met with was from the uni-
versity of Paris. Before they could be admitted to teach there, they
were obliged to submit themselves to its authority, ^ and every attempt
to make themselves independent was met with the same decision,'*
with which their exaggerated assertions in favor of the papal power
and the Mendicant orders were rebuked and punished.-^ In France
the secular clergy were thus in some measure protected from the en-
croachments of the Mendicant orders;*^ but in other countries they
quod paulo sit alienius ab apostolica ilia et prisca sanctimonia, horum potissimum
utuntur ininisteriis ; veluti si quod bellum, si quis tumultus, si qua exactio, si qua
condonatio paruiii prudens, in liisce fabulis isti priiiias agunt. Interim simplici
popello specie sanctitatis iiiiponitur. Sacerdotes ad bos coUati, sacerdotes non sunt.
Episcopi horum tiducia in utramvis aurem dormiunt. Plebs destituta pro unicis
pastoribus gemino luporum genere discerpitur, dum et Prssules exercent tyranni-
dem ; nee hi tarnen pastores sunt, sed alia ratione praedones.
^ To secure the privileges of the Dominicans and Franciscans, Sixtus IV. A. D.
1474, included them all in two Bulls, which were therefore called the Mare
magnum of the Franciscans and that of Dominicans. These he enlaiged and com-
pleted in the so-called Bulla aurea dd. 7. Kal. Aug. 1479.
' See the instrumentum submissionis, which the Franciscan Petrus de Cheriaco
had to sign in the assembly of the theological faculty, A. D. 1428, in d'Jlrgen-
tri I, II. 226. He was appointed by his order ad legendum Bibiiam: the Fac-
ulty consented to receive dictum fratrem Petrum ad legendum Bibiiam pro anno
prassenti, mediante quod submitteret se reparare certas propositiones et articulos
aliquos in suis sermonibus et alibi expositos et prsdicatos, et diets Facultati in uno
rotulo per ipsum tradito contentos, ubi indigerent reparatione, toties quoties, et in
quibuscumque locis placeret Facultati theologiae, nee non veniam petere super
aliquibus verbis per ipsum minus bene de Facultate artium prolalis in proxima
ipsius Facultatis congregatione. Qui quidem F. Petrus se submisit et juravit supra
dicta facere toties quoties requireretur ex parte ejusdem Facultatis, et omnia supra-
dicta adimplere.
* The Theological Faculty insisted that the Mendicant monks, who should be
appointed as theological lecturers by their superiors, should first have gone
through a certain academical course. On the other hand, the four Mendicant
orders obtained from Eugenius IV. the Bull Ad jiigem dd. .3. Kal. Apr. 1442 (in
BulcBi hist. Univ. Paris V. p. 524) which provided that the monks who should
be appointed by their orders ad legendum Bibiiam or ad legendum Sententias, ac
per Deputatos Facultatis theological ad hoc sufficientes et idonei reperti fuerint,
should be admitted to do so solutis juribus ejusdem Facultatis. On this the Univer-
sity at once resolved (1. c. p. 522), quod privarentur omnes tarn graduati quam non
graduati dictorum IV. Ordinum a consortio Universitatis, et — ab omnibus actibus
scholasticis, donee et quousque dicti Mendicantes impetrassent aliam Bullam
novam contrariain de verbo ad verbum isti Bullae per eos impetratje a summo Pon-
titice. The Mendicants had to yield, and take an oath, 10 Dec. 1442, nunquam
uti Bulla prsdicta, and within a given time to procure its recal. At the same time it
was determined by the faculty, quod studentes IV. Ordinum, qui mittentur ad
legendum Sententias, stent Parisius ante dictam lecturam per III. annos, videlicet
per annum ante lecturam Biblis, et per annum, in quo legent Bibiiam, et per ter-
tium, in quo se disponent ad lecturam Sententiarum, ut sententia ipsorum et mores
comprobentur.
* Thus of the papal power, see § 135, note 23. Of their own privileges at the
cost of the secular clergy, see § 137, note 2.
' Compare the new controversy of the Unive-i-sity with the Mendicants, which
began 1456, see Buleeus V. p. 601 seq. The Mendicants, namely, came forward in
1456 with a Bull of Nicholas V., who had then been dead a year, similar to that
29G Third Period. Div. V. A. D. 1409 — 1517.
could offer no resistance to their usurpations ; and it was evident that
the Mendicants, whilst it was easy for them to prove the corruption
of their rivals/ aimed at nothing less than to destroy their influence
entirely.^ The undecided interference of the popes was wholly in-
of Alexander V. (see § 109, note 3). The University pronounced this Bull
scandalosa, turbativa pacis et concordis, subversiva Ordinis hierarchici Ecclesis
ac subrcptitia, and determined to appeal against it : the Mendicants were to be
summoned to appear, visuri suas privationes, si diets impetrationi renunciare no-
luerint, et impetrarc revocatoriam ip.«iu3 : — requirantur Praelati, quod non admit-
tant Fratre-i Mendicantes ad pra;dicanduni in suis dioecesibus, donee renunciaverint,
et obtinuerint hujusmodi revocatoriam. The Mendicants having refused to give
up the Bull, and procure its repeal, it was decreed, Idcirco ipsa Universitas ex
tunc omnes juratos de dictis Mendicantium Ordinibus reputavit et declaravit per-
juros et privatos a gremio et consoi'tio ipsius, non juratos autem resecavit a suscep-
tione graduum quorumcunque et acquisitione temporis Parisius in quacunque
Facultate. The Parliament attempted to reconcile the difficulty, but in vain, till
in Feb. 1457 (more gall. 1456), the copy of a Bull came to Paris, in which CalixtusIIl.
was said to have repealed the Bull of his predecessor (see Bulaiis V. p. 612). The
Mendicants now submitted (p. 613), and were again admitted as members of the
university on the ISth Feb., after they had sworn to the conditions (p. 616), quod
amplius non utantur Bulla existente in manibus Rev. D. Episcopi Parisiensis,
neque similibus, et maneat dicta Bulla in manibus prafati Episcopi sicut est ; et
quod unus pro omnibus juratus de Ordine Älendicantium pro sua redintegratione
habeat supplicare, et habeant Mendicantes antedicti obedire Bullae revocatoriam et
ratificari \_facere\ per suos Generales infra annum. Item jurabunt, quod nun-
quam impetrabunt similes Bullas, alioquin ex tunc, prout ex nunc, reincident in
similes privationes et poenas. Soon afterwards it was found indeed that the sup-
posed Bull had never been issued, for Calixtus III. called on the king in a letter of
March 18 (p. 617), to protect the Mendicants, declai-ed his predecessor's Bull
genuine, and confirmed it : the Dominicans were forced by command of their
General to go back from their promise, and were again excluded from the univer-
sity : in Dec. 1457, however, they applied again for admittance, and submitted to
the conditions (p. 620).
■? See for instance the passage of the Augustine eremite Johannes Schiphowerus
de Meppis in his Chron. Oldenburgensium Archicomitum (written 1505) in H.
J^eibomii Rerum german. Scriptt. T. II. p. 171 ad ann. 1440, where he is praising
Count Dieterich as a patron of his order : Suis temporibus quidam ex pastoribus et
capellanis conspirationem fecerunt conti-a Mendicantes, liraitatores ibidem existen-
tes, impugnantes privilegia apostolica, et prssertiui de confessionibus audiendis,
ignari et juris canonici imperiti, vix primis literis imbuti, qui vix sine confusions,
ut ait Pastor in tractatu de Curatorum miseriis, requiem cantare sciunt, et tarnen
singulis doctis viris tamquam cornutEe bestia; rebellizant, et in sua asineitate per-
severantes super omnes se extollunt. Quomodo autem pi'sdicabunt, qui literis
operam non dederunt .' aut quam in pra.'dicando indoctus sacerdos utilitatem audi-
toribus suis afferre poierit, qui scripturas nescit ? verum temporibus nostris, in
quibus est sicut populus, ita et sacerdos, Studium scripturarum miserrimi sacerdotes
abjiciunt, pro libris scripturarum calices exhauriunt, et cotidie se inebriant. Yide-
rint Episcopi, qui tales idiotas et inscios ad sacerdotii dignitatem promovent, qui
imperitis curam ovium Christi commendant! Sedent in insidiis cum potatoribus in
tabernis, ludis et comcssationibus vacant, non est timer Dei ante oculos eorum.
Nomine sacerdotes sunt, conversatione asini, niliil penitus de scriptui-is intelligunt,
discere contemnunt, ct latina lingua loqui vel scribere nesciunt, vix in vulgari
exponere Evangelia didicerunt. Quantos errores, fabulas et haereses in Ecclesiis
pra-dicando populis enuncient, quis nisi experfus credere posset .' Pro libris liberos
gibi comparant, pro studio concubinas amant. Tales, quamvis inscii, quamvis
indocti, quamvis ignari, adhuc contra privilegia apostohca contra viros doctos latrare
non eiubescunt.
« Jacobus Carthusianus (see § 135, note 31) de arte curandi vitia (ex Ms. in v.
d. Hardt Autographa Lutheri praef. p. 49) : Licet multi Fratres Mendicantes praedi-
Chap. III. Monacliism. § 140. Influence of the Blendicants. 297
adequate to quiet such a dispute. ^ The Mendicants were, it is true,
more active i[i the affairs of the church than any others of the clergy;
but their activity was only, too often, devoted to increase the prevail-
ing superstition,^** and magnify the saint and the privileges of their
cent, et miilti mulia dicant ; cum tamen ab observantia declinaverint, aliud opere
et aliud verbis ostendunt. Et hi ut plurimuni nimiuni audaces et idiota-. Inde
eorum prasdicalio contemtibilis redditui-, et vertitur maxinie profanam in divina-
tionem. Nam eorum primarii, ut manifeste cernitur, non aliud videntur quaerere,
nisi favorem populi, liberlatem vita;, qua^stum bonoi'um exterioruiii. Queb debits
considerantes, omnia eorum facta videntur hypocritica delinimenta. Nimirum
parochise destruuntur, Pia;lati couieninuntur, nulla disciplina contradicente. Sed
cur non exercetur ipsa, nisi quia quilibct illorum quasi sihi conscius non audet
illorum mala facta punire.' Tne complaints of the secular clergy against the
Mendicants were, see Reformatorii Constant, decretales Tit. X. c. 12. in v. d. Hardt
Cone. Const. J, XII. p. 715: quod superiores dictorum Fratrum non eo modo, sicut
deberent, sed in scriptis, iino interdum nomine non expresso, Ordinariis locorum
suos terminarios, ut plurimum idiotas, et interdum minus quam presbyteri curati
scientes prsesentant ; pi-a5sentati soli, absque socio, per apachias velut vagi trans-
currunt, absolutiones suas, ultra Curatorum efficaciores, tanquam apostolica aucto-
ritate concessas, prsedicant sajpius : quod in casibus eis non commissis absolvunt,
pecuniai'ia eliam pactione pracedente aut interveniente ; decedentibus et testari
volenfibus secretins ingerunt, sibi et non Curafis legari, et apud suos Conventus
sepeliri. Quibus omnibus secretins ingestis et practicatis canonicam ipsis Curatis
non exhibent poitionem (namely the quai-ta prescribed by Boniface VIII.,) in
dictorum Curatorum multiplex prajjudicium et giavamen.
^ Sixtus IV. was induced by the complaints of the Gei-man bishops, and espec-
ially by the dispute between the secular clergy and the Mendicants in Esslingen,
to appoint Commissioners to reconcile the parties , and a compromise having been
been brought about, he sanctioned it by the Bull Vices illius (in the Exti-avag.
Commun. lib. I. Tit. IX. c. 2.) to this effect: quod ipsi parochiani sacerdotes de
csetero non dicant, a Mendicantibus ha;reses processisse : cum in veritate fides
nostra sit illuminata, et Ecclesia exaltata per eosdem, et praesertim per Ordines
Pradicatorum et Minorum, ut jura testantur. Quodque Fratres Mendicantes non
prsedicent, poj/ulos parochianos non teneri audire missam in eorum parochiis diebus
festivis et dominicis ; cum jure sit cautum, illis diebus parochianos teneri audire
missam in eorum parochiali Ecclesia, nisi forsan ex honesta causa ab ipsa Ecclesia
se absentarent. Quodque etiam nee Fratres, nee Curati inducant aliquo modo
laicos ad eligendum sepulturam apud eos, et bene caveant propter poenas, quas
imponunt canones, cum sit libera. Quod etiam ipsi Mendicantes desistant prcedi-
care, quod parochiani non sint obligati, saltern in Paschate proprio contiteri sacer-
doti. Per hoc tamen ipsi Fratres Mendicantes non censeantur exclusi, quo minus
secundum juris communis et privilegiorum eisdem concessorum dispositionem
confessiones audire, et pcenitentias injungere valeant. Quod etiam de ctetero inter
ipsos Fratres Älendicantes et Curatores, quoad effectum prsedicandi, horas cantandi,
et campanas pulsandi, servetur consuetudo antiqua, quae temporibus antiquis ser-
vata fuit in ipso oppido Eslingensi. Et casu, quo veniat aliqua occasio sive neces-
sitas, non fiat comrnutatio temporis vel hora; in ipsis prsdicationibus fiendis, nisi
de consensu partium. Quodque etiam ip?i Fratres in sermonibus eorum non
detrahant Praelatis et rectoribus parochialium Ecclesiarum, nee etiam populos a
suarum Ecclesiarum parochialium frequentia et accessu abstrahant, sive retrahant
quoquo modo. Et vice versa ipsi i-ectores et Pra^lati aliquo modo non detrahant
Mendicantibus, sed ilium favorem, quem possunt, eis impendant, et in omnibus et
per omnia pra?stent, ita ut vera unitas et perfecta caiitas inter eos ostendatur. It
is easy to see from this what were the causes of contioversy ; but, of course, by
such explanations and conditions, it could not be at once and for ever ended.
*" As for instance in the case of the so-called brethren of the Rosary, the first