war against the Turks ( Trithemii Chron. Hirsaug. II. p. 535) : misit in universam
Germaniam plenarias indulgentias Jubila;i non solum pro vivis, sed etiam pro de-
functis, quffi sicuti eatenus fuerunt rara;, ita etiam plurimorum disputationi expo-
sita;. Summa disputationis hac erat, quod Papa de plenitudine potestatis non
solum viventibus contritis et confessis pa;nam possit remitiere peccatis alioquin
debitam, sed etiam omnium in Purgatorio existentium animarum ita remitiere
poenas, ut ipsum Purgatorium si velit penitus evacuare possit. Habuit ha-c asser-
tio nova impugnantes, habuit et assertores, qui varia in utramque partem ut move-
bantur synthemata scripserunt : cautius tamen quam liberius ne forte proscribc-
rentur et ipsi. The Popes retained the formula per modum suffragii, but at the
same time speak as if this suffragium must be of course effectual. Thus in
Alexandri P. VI. declaratio Jubila;i ann. 1500, inAmort I. p. 96, and in .luiius II.
bull of indulgence for the church of St. Peter, A. D. 1510, 1. c. ]). 209 : Et ut
animarum sahis co potius procurctur, quo inagis aliorum egent sufiiagiis, et quo
minus sibi ipsis proficerc valciit, auctoritatc Apostolica de tlicsauro s. Matris Eccle-
326 Third Period. Div. V. A. D. 1409 — 1517.
siae animabus in purgatorio existentibus, quae per charitatem ab hac luce Christo
unitae decesserunt, et qus dum viverent, sibi ut hujusmodi indulgentia suffiagare-
tur, meruerunt, paterno affectu, quantum cum Deo possumus, succurrere cupientes,
de divina miseiicoidia ac potestatis Apostolica; plenitudine volumus et concedimus,
utsi qui parentes, amici, ac cffiteri Clu'istitideles pietate commoti pro ipsis animabus
purgatorio igni pro expiatione poenarum eisdcm secundum divinam justitiam debi-
tarum expositis dicto anno Jubilaii durante pro reparatione dictJe Basilicae s. Petri
aliquam eleemosynam juxta dictorum pcenitentiariorum — ordinationem, dictas
Basilicas et Ecclesias modo prasmisso devote visitando, in capsa in eadem Ecclesia
sen Basilica s. Petri deputata posuerint, ipsa plenissima indulgentia per modum
suffragii ipsis animabus in purgatorio existentibus, pro quibus dictam eleemosynam
pie erogaverint, pro plenaria pcEnarum relaxatione suffragetur. How rapidly the
privileged altars were multiplied may be seen from the testimony of the papal
legate, Raymundus, A. D. 1500, which Joh. de Paltz, Provost of the cloister of
Neuen Werke near Halle, had from him, and relates in his Ccelifodina (ed. 1510)
Append, qu. 9 ad 3. According to this account (see Amort II. p. 283), five
churches in Rome were endowed with such indulgences. Namely, 1. A chapel
in the church s. Potentiance, in which there was an inscription : h£EC est ilia
sacratissima Capella, in qua Princeps Apostolorum, seil. s. Petrus, suam primam
celebravit, habetque eadem Capella gratiam banc, ut quicunque celebraverit, vel
celebrari feceiit unam Missam in ilia Capella, liberal unam animam a poena pur-
gatorii, ut patet in Bulla. 2. JSccl. s. Praxedis, in qua quicunque celebraverit
vel celebrari fecerit quinque Missas, liberat unam de Purgatorio. 3. Eccl. s.
Laurentii extra muros, quam Ecclesiam si quis visitaverit in omnibus diebus
Mercurii per totum annum, habet a Deo et Sanctis Laurentio et Stephano istam
gratiam extrahendi unam animam de purgatorio. 4. Ecclesia s. Sebastiani etiam
extra muros, in qua est scriptum apud Altare, sub quo est reconditum corpus s.
Sebastiani sic : Sub hoc Altari reconditum est corpus s. Sebastiani Martyris, et in
omni Missa, quee celebratur super eodem, liberatur una anima de purgatorio.
5. Capella, vocata Scala cceli, ubi decollatus fuit s. Paulus Apostolus, in qua
Capella sic est scriptum : Haec est secunda Capella, quse fuitfundata in toto mundo
ad honorem b. Marias V. et vocatur Scala cceli, super quam meruit s. Bernardus
videre scalam erectam usque ad ccelum. In qua quicunque celebrant vel cele-
brari faciunt pro animabus existentibus in purgatorio, meritis ejusdem b. M. V.
dictae anima; cito liberantur. Haec ex publico instrumento a R. D. Raymundo
mihi in indulgentia praedicanti misso in Missiva. Pontitices concedunt etiam Laicis
quartis feriis per integrum annum devote visitantibus Ecclesiam s. Laurentii, quod
possint etiam unam animam indulgentialiter liberare. Insuper idem R. D. Ray-
mundus in declaratione BuIIeb quondam publicatae in prima sui legatione dicit,
quod Calixtus P. dederit indulgentias pro animabus redimendis de purgatorio ad
Hispaniam Ecclesiaj Tyrasonensi. Similiter easdem indulgentias concessit P.
Sixtus IV. Ecclesise Sanctonensi in Francia sub commissione ejusdem R. D. Ray-
mundi. Sub quo et Innocentius VIII. easdem misit indulgentias per Germaniam,
quod et modernus P. Alexander VI. per eundem fecit anno sequenti immediate
post Jubilasum Roma? celebratum anno 1500, mittendo ipsum cum amplissimo Jubi-
la;o tam pro vivis quam pro defunctis nedum per totam Germaniam, sed et per totum
regnum Dacia\ The papal preachers spoke of the power of the Pope over purga-
tory as beyond all doubt ; thus Jo. Jlngelus Arcimboldus, Commissarius apostoli-
cus, in his instructions to his delegates, A. D. 1514 (in Kapp en's Nachlese
einiger zur Erläuterung der Reformationsgesch. nützlicher Urkunden. Tb. 3. S.
180) : Advertant praedicatores, ut bene informent populum super validitate et
efficacia prsesentium indulgentiarum, ut eo facilius ad eas promerendas invitentur,
cum per verbum praedicatoris intelligant, darum esse et omni scrupulo et dubletate
carere, Sanctissimo Domino nostro Papce omnimodam et plenissimani competere
facultatem, indulgentias istas plenarias pro vivis et defunctis, et omnium peccato-
rum et poenarum, quas quis in purgatorio deberet pati, remissionem — concedcndi.
— Et qui de hac potestate dubitaret, de fide Christiana dubitarct, nee christianus
esset. Accordingly the limitation of this power to the modus suffragii came soon
to be considered inadmissible (see Morung's fate, below, note 19), and the
formula per modum suffragii frequently omitted, c. g. in the letters of indulgence
granted by the Pope's commissary, Christian Baumhaucr, 1510 (see Riederer's
Chap. IV. Internal History. § 146. Ecclesiast. Indulgences. 327
the keys of heaven, and dispensers of eternal happiness. ^^ Those
who ventured to call in question these claims were persecuted, ^'-^ and
only the Sorbonne imposed any check on their pretensions.^^ With
Nachrichte zur Kirchen-, Gelehrten- u. Büchergeschichte. Bd. 3. S. 41.3, and
ICist en Royaards Archif voor kerkelyke Geschiedenis Deel 1. p. 215) : Notum
facimus, quod D. N. Papa cunctis Christifidelibus, — ultra plenissimas peccatorum
indulgentias sacratissimi Jubilaei — ac alias plures gratias et facultates, quas ad hoc
dispositi pro se ac certis defunctorum animabus respective consequuntur, de pleni-
tudine ac liberalitate potestatis apostolic^ misericorditer concessit, et voluit, ut tarn
ipsi quam omnes et singuli eorum parentes ac benefactores cum charitate defuncti
in omnibus precibus, suffragiis, — et ceteris omnibus spiritualibus bonis, quas fiunt
et fieri poterunt in tota universali sacrosancta Ecclesia militante, — participes in
perpetuum tiant.
1** See the promises in the bull of Pius II. A. D.-1463, above, § 132, note 38.
Still more confidently Julius II. 1505 {Raynald, ad h. a. no. 5) promised to all
who should take part in the expedition of Emanuel, king of Portugal, plenariam
omnium peccatorum suorum remissionem et indulgentiam, adding : ac eorundem
omnium, quos in hac sancta expeditione proficisci contigerit, animas in sanctorum
Angelorum consortio in coelestibus regnis et a»terna felicitate permansuras perpetuo
decernimus collocandas; ita ut, si forsan designato tempore, non excepto ipsorum
aliquo, postquam iter pro prosecutione tam sancti operis arripiunt, ex hac luce
migrare contingat, indulgentiam hujusmodi omnino consequantur.
^' Thus one of the heresies of Petrus of Osma (see § 135, note 24), which
Sixtus IV. (Raynald, 1479, no. 32) condemns as falsas, s. catholicae fidei contra-
rias, erroneas et scandalosas, etc., is: Romanum Pontificem purgatorii pcenam
remittere non posse. The Canon, Dietrich Morung, of Bamberg, was imprisoned
for maintaining the same thing ; see the contemporary, Joh. Linturius, in his
continuation of the Werner Rollewinck in Pistorii Scriptt. rer. Germ. T. II.:
Anno 1489 quidam Legatus a latere missus cum Jubilaso et maximis indulgentiis
a Papa Innocentio, dura Norimbergae moram duceret. Doctor Theodoricus Morung,
Canonicus Bambergensis — bullis contradixit papalibus in eo, quod Papa non
haberet animis in purgatorio annum jubilasum impertiri, nisi per modum suffragii
(i. e. just as had been declared by Sixtus IV., see note 16). Et idem Norimber-
gam veniens, in egressu ad Herbipolin, circa Norimbergam capitur per clientes
Marchionis Friderici, et vulneratus ducitur in Kadlspergk. Absolvit Legatus
clientes, et ad manus Sanctissimi eundem Doctorem captivum tenuit, committendo
ipsum dicto Principi. Tandem etiam ipsum inhabilitavit propter libellum famosum,
quem Passionem Sacerdotum sub Principe Marchione Alberto, patre dicti
Friderici, intitulaverat, editum tempore persecutionis sacerdotum sub Principe
illustri Marchione Alberto ex parte cujusdam Steurce (on account of a tax), quam
ah eis aliquatenus exegit idem Princeps in suo districtu, qui libellus per eundem
Doctorem confectus fuisse dicebatur : etiam propterea, quod Papalibus bullis, con-
tradixit, et quod sacrilegus incantator, et quod sub Laici vestitu nocturno tempore
armatus, ut cliens equestris, incessit. Et hie Doctor captus tenebatur anno 1494
circa festum Michaelis, incarceratus a Marchione Friderico in quodam castro
Rauhenculm.
20 Thus the Sorbonne decreed in Nov, 1482 (see d'Argentri I. II. p. 307) :
Haec propositio : Omnis aniina existens in Purgatorio ex justitia divina adjudi-
cata ibidem stare pro quantocunque tempore, immediate evolat ad ccelum, sive
i7nmediate a pcena liberatur, si quis vivorum pro ea sex albos dederit per modum
suffragii, seu eleemosyncB in reparationem Ecclesice S. Petri Xantonensis :
non sequitur ex Bulla, nee ex contentis in ea, seu ex indulgentiis concessis prae-
dictae Ecclesias S. Petri Xantonensis; nee sequitur ex eadem Bulla de ahqua
determinata anima, puta patris, aut matris, vel uxoris, aut alicujus alterius, quod
tali modo liberetur, ut propositio dixit. Secundo, talis propositio non est simpliciter,
absolute, et catholice asserenda, nee ex tenore Bullae seu virtute indulgentiarum
praedictai Ecclesia» S. Petri Xantonensis concessarum, sane nee secure populo
quovis modo prcedicanda. The proposition here rejected shows how little effect the
formula per modum suffragii (see note 16) had in restraining the preteusions of
328 Third Period. Div. V. A. D. 1409 — 1517.
the papal absolution were connected other indulgences,"-' some of
which, as, for instance, those with regard to property unjustly ac-
quired," were plainly of an injurious moral tendency ; whilst others,
as, for instance, the permission to eat food prepared with milk, in
time of fast,-"^ tended at least to confuse the moral notions of the
the Popes. Soon after this, in Feb. 14S3, the Sorbonne condemned amongst other
propositions of the Franciscan Johannes Angeli (see § 135, note 23) the follow-
ino; (see d/Argentri I. II. p. 305) : Animce in purgatorio existentes sunt de
â– jurisdictione Papa;: et si vellet, posset totiun purgatoriinn evacuare, with the
remark, Haec propositio in se est dubia, et ad mentem asserentis per modum juris-
dictionis et ordinaris potestatis de falsitate suspecta et scandalosa, et nullatenus
populo publice pradicanda.
-' e. g. the allowing the confessors to give dispensation for irregularities, for
marriages within the forbidden degrees of relationship, also to change certain vows
into mere convenient acts of duty, etc. See Alexander's Jubilee-bull of A. D.
1500, in Amort I. p. 94. Julius' bull of A. D. 1510, 1. c. p. 206 seq.
- Paul II. empowered his legate, 1467, who was sent to preach a crusade
against George Podiebrad (see the bull, which is wanting in Raynald, ad h. a.
no. 8, translated in Eschenloer's Gesch. d. Stadt Breslau, herausgeg. v.
Kunisch. Bd. 2. S. 68), to give dispensation to those who should take the cross, or
contribute to the expense of the crussde — for the income and fruits of all ill-gotten
property, as long as such income should be used only to carry on the war against
heretics. In Alexander's Jubilee-bull of 1500, in Amort I. p. 94, the power is
granted, super male ablatis iacertis, et male qusesitis, de quibus cui restitutio fieri
debeat, notitia non habeatur, etiam secundum qualitatem personarum, et quantita-
tem male ablatorum et male quassitorum componendi, et residuum eis remittendi.
In the bull by which Alexander extends the jubilee to Whitsuntide, 1501, for all
Italy (1. c. p. 98), it is stated thus : super male ablatis incertis, vel per usurariam
pi-avitatem quaesitis, euam certis, quando foenerator ab alio foeneratore extoi-serit,
vel ipse usuras restituere paratus non esset, vel alicui privatae Ecclesia; deberentur,
in quibus tamen Romana Ecclesia succedere posset. So too in the Jubilee-bull of
Julius II. 1510 (1. c. p. 206 seq.). Arcimhaldus says, in his instructions to his
subdelegates (see note 17) in Kapppen's Nachlese III. S. 195: Istos omnes
casus debent praedicatores populo explicare, et super eis bene insistere, ut bene
intelligantur, prasertim in primo casu super male ablatis incertis, quia in hoc muM
sunt illaqueati, pra;cipue mercatores, qui aliquos incognitos aliquo modo decipiunt
plus vendendo quam merces valent, vel vendendo malum pro bono, vel accipiendo
aliquid plus in pretio ex eo, quia solutionem pretii per tempus exspectant, vel
aliquo alio modo, qui infiniti sunt. Such directions operated of coui-se to encourage
dishonesty.
^ Such permission was granted by Arcimboldus to the nuns of Bethlehem in
Nimwegen (Archief voor kerkelyke Geschiedenis I. p. 227) in a letter of indul-
gence, A. D. 1517 : Praeterea ut liceat vobis, una cum hospitibus et famiUa vestra,
pro tempore existente, quamdiu vixeritis, quadragesimalibus usque ad Dominicum
Palmarum inclusive, et aliis diebus, quibus lacticiniorum usus est proliibitus (cum,
ut accepiinus, in partibus vestris oleum olivarum non crescat) butyro loco olei,
caseo, absque alicujus licentia; et cum consensu utriusque medici tempore infir-
mitatis lacticiniis hujusmodi, ac etiam tunc et quocunque tempore prohibito ovis et
caruibus vesci, pariter iudulgemus. When Innocent VIII. granted permission to
the subjects of the duke of Saxony, 1491, to use such food on all fast days, in con-
sideration of a tax imposed for the building of a church in Freiburg, the Dominicans
in Freiburg resisted, especially Georgius Frichenhusius and Johannes de Bam-
bergo, and maintained that the dispensation was forged. They were joined by
Joh. V. Breitenbach, professor of the canon law in Lcipsic, who maintained in liis
Consilium (see extracts in Seckendork Comm. de Lutheranisino, p. 13 seq.) con-
tribuentes sine conscientia; scrupulo butyro et lacticiniis libere vcsci non posse.
Alexander VI. 1496, commanded them to be silent, and renewed the indulgence
(see Andr. MolUri Ciu-on. Fribuig. P. I. p. 51 ; P. II. p. 139). The last was
done also by Julius II. 1512, the proceeds uf the lu.x being devoted partly to the
Chap. IV. Internal History. § 146. Ecdcsiast. Indulgences. 329
people. The influence of this system, which must evidently have
been bad enough at the best, was made still worse by the impostures
which were constantly practised with regard to indulgences. False
indulgences, which even surpassed the real ones in absurdity, were
palmed upon the people;-"* the venders of absolution went beyond
their powers, and did not hesitate at any means of getting rid of their
wares to advantaofe.-'^ Hence the sale of indulgences came to be
building of the bridge in Torgau, partly to the building of St. Peter's church, see
the bull (Butterbrief) in Kap pen's Nachlese III. S. 155 ff.
^ Thus Nicholas V. had to call to account several of the clergy in Spain,
amongst whom was even a Benedictine abbot (Haynald, 145-3, no. 19.), for oflering
for sale plenary indulgences on the authority of fictitious hulls, and amongst other
things loi- having pretended to have the power animas parentuin et amicorum pro
certo pietio i)ecuniarurn a pui-gatoiio et inferno extrahendi. In old prayer books
of the end of the 15th, and beginning of the 16lh centuiies, there is a form of prayer
to the Holy Virgin, accompanied with the assurance that Sixtus IV. had granted
indulgence for 11,000 years earn devote recitantibus (see Jlmort I. p. 52. Archief
voor kerkelyke Geschiedenis I. p. 243), which Amort, though only from internal
evidence, pronounces to be a fiction. In a Dutch prayer book of the beginning of
the 16th century, many similar prayers are accompanied by similar indulgences,
see Archief, I. p. 241 seq. One with an indulgence of more than 100,000 years.
Johannes Major (see § 135, note 3) in Sent. IV. Dist. 20. Qu. 2 : fatuse et super-
stitiosJB sunt qua;dam inscriptiones viginti milliorum aunorum, ubi quis dixerit
quinquies Pater noster ante talem imaginem, etc. Et deberent Praelati illas reji-
cere et prohibere, quia cedunt in derisum et contemptum indulgentiarum, nee
continent veritatem. How far this sometimes went is seen from the passage of
Bernardino Corio, who in his Historia di Milano, written about 1500, relates (ed.
Venet. 1565. 4to. p. 629) that Bonil'ace VIII. granted, on application of Galeazzo
Visconte the Jubilee-indulgence to JMilan, A. D. 1301, cioe, che ciascuno nel do-
minio del Visconte, se ancho non fosse contrite, ne confesso, fosse assoluto di ogni
peccato, in questa citta dimorando dieci di continui ; ma ogni giorno dovesse visi-
tare cinque Chiese, etc. The Congregatio Indicis, A. D. 1621, ordered this
passage to be omitted (Muratorii Scriptt. Rer. It. IV. p. 123).
^ cf Jo. Huss Quffistio disputafa ann. 412, in the Hist, et Monum. Jo. Hussi I.
p. 232, see below, § 149, note 14. As early as 1433, the clergy in Landshut,
entered a complaint at the Council of Basil, de abusu Qufestuarioium, see jlmort
II. p. 37. Afterwards the abuse grew still worse. Compare Johannes Major
(see § 135, note 3) in Sent. lib. IV. Dist. 20. Qu. 2 : Innumeri sunt indulgentiis
abusus, potissiraum per eos, qui eas falso comminiscuntur. Deinde magnae fiunt
impensae, ut habeantur, et habitse ab Episcopis divulgari permittantur. Mille
quoque modi a quajstuariis istis adinventi pro habenda pecunia a plebe. Laudo
factum optimi cujusdam viri et doctissimi Joannis Raulini (-f 1514), qui, cum in
theologia Licentiatus esset, et hi quaestuarii sibi offerrent pecuniara pro suo Docto-
ratu ea lege, ut cum eis proficisceretur de parochia in parochiam concionando ;
quamvis pauper esset, id tanquam se indignum recusavit. Quales confessores
admittantur in his locis publicis, Deus novit, et quam celeriter finem imponant, ut
lanam ab ovibus colligant ! Nam ubi solent esse casus conscientise intricatissimi,
quibus in promptu vix posset respondere consummatus theologus, asellus quispiam
aegre capiens significationera propositi casus omnia ocyssime expediet. A monk,
Thomas, who lived before Luther's time, gives the following description of this
traffic in indulgences (in Florimundi Rcemundi de oitu et progressu hsresium
lib. I. c. 8. ed. Colon. 1614. p. 63 seq.) : utque tanto melius ac facilius deglubere
eos (populos) possint, cum Parochis rem et consilia conferunt, dicentes : Domine
Paroche, apportamus indulgentias plenarias. Quod si vestro mandato populus
convenerit, et processiones factae fuerint, nos tertiam ejus, quod inde coUegerimus,
vobis dabimus, et de bonorum hominum fortunis una Iseti convivabimur. Ibi Paro-
chus concubinarius, indoctus, raercenarius et non pastor, quo ventrem suum replere
et scortum alere possit, cum istis Bullarum portatoribus transigit. Qui pecunia per
VOL. III. 42
330 IViird Period. Div. V. A. D. 1409 — 1517.
uniTersally considered as a mere matter of traffic,"*^ and it was con-
fas et nefas collecta convivantur, saltant, genioque indulgent, cf. Mich. Menot,
below, note 30. See also Joannis Episc. C'liemeiisis (see § 135, note 29) onus
Ecclesiaj c. 15. Franc. Belcarius (Beaiicaire) bishop of JVIetz (-f 1591) com-
mentnrii rerum Gallicarum lib. XVI. no. 15, of the indulgence traffic under Leo
X.: Tanta pontificioi-urii ministrorum iinpudentia erat, ut harum (indulgentiarum)
obeimdarum munus palaiu nundinarentur inter se, et nonnunquaiii parum sobrii,
praesei'tim in Germania, in diversoiiis aut alias, aut alio ludi gcnere ad alios trans-
ferrent. Of the noted Dominican, John Tetzel, who hawked about the papal
indulgences in Germany, first as commissioner of Arciniboldus, and then of the
Elector Albrechtof Mayence, the following account is given by Frederick Mecum
or Myconius, then a Franciscan in Annaberg, in his history of the reformation
(ed. by E. S. Cyprian, 2te Ausg. Leipzig, 1718. 8vo. S. 14) : " Incredible is it
how far this ignorant and shameless monk dared to go. He said that if a man had
slept with his own mother, he could buy of the Pope absolution therefor, and that
if the Pope forgave him, God also must forgive him. Also that if they made haste
to give in their money, and bought grace and absolution enough, all the mountains
about Annaberg would become clear silvei-. Also, that as soon as the ring of the
money was heard in his bason, the soul for which it was put in would ascend out
of purgatory. — Such was the reverence in which the indulgence was held, that
when Tetzel came into a city, the bull was carried before him on a velvet or a
golden cloth, and all the priests, monks, the Council, schoolmasters, scholars, the
men, women, and children went in a procession with flags and torches, to meet him.
Then all the bells were rung, all the organs played, he was escorted into the
churches, a red cross erected in the midst, on which the Pope's banner was hung,
&c. — Ad 1517, when Tetzel offered indulgences for sale in the countries border-
ing on Saxony, for the building of St. Peter's, Myconius relates, p. 20 : His im-
pudence now passed all bounds. He gave letters of indulgence for sins, which
men intended to commit. He said that the Pope had more power than all the
apostles, all the angels and saints, and even than the Virgin Mother herself. For
these were all inferior to Christ, but the Pope equal to him. Nay, that since the
ascension Christ would exercise no more authority in the church till the day of
judgment, but had committed all power to the Pope as his vicar. Similar accounts
of Tetzel's proceeding by Luther, in his book against Hansworst, 1541, from which
Sleidanus, Vih. XIIL ed. am Ende, IL p. 208, gives extracts: the passage : Is
inter alia docebat, se tantam habere potestatem a Pontifice, ut etiam si quis virgi-
nem matrem vitiasset ac gravidam fecisset, condonare crimen ipse posset interventu
pecunia; : deinde non modo jam commissa, verum etiam futura peccata condonabat,
has led to much controversy whether it should not read virginem aut matrem.
The character of these hawkers is seen from what is said by the papal legate,
Cardinal Raymund, who wrote to the German princes, 1503 (see Bernardi Wittii,
a Benedictine in Liesborn, hist. Westphalia», written 1517, ed. Monast. 1778. 4to.
p. 610) : Quanto nos magis istis pecuniis pepercimus, tanto inhonestius quidam ex
nostris Commissariis eas disperserunt : in pluribus enim dioecesibus, ubi non fuimus
in propria, nihil penitus de tertia parte remansit propter eorum excessivas expensas
atque immoderatos usus. Sunt enim plures, quorum avaritiae nee hodie possit
satisfieri, etc.
'"' Thus Bernardus Witte, 1. c. p. 587 ad ann. 1490 : Eodem anno et sequenti
maximas, immo inauditas pra^terilis swculis indulgentiaj pro terras sanct» recupera-
tione per Raymundum, tunc Romanae Curiae Protonotarium et Apostolicum Lega-
tum, Universum pene nostrum perorbem perlata» sunt, inlinitaque pecunia collecta.
Verum in eum usum, ubi hactenus translatus fucrat, et hie thesaurus collocatus
est. O auri sacra fames, quantum te Domina mundi cruciat! p. 605, ad ann. 1503 :
Raymundns — Apostolicas sedis ad Germaniam Datiamque, etc. Legatus missus,
ut Christitideles ad recuperationem terrae sanctae ac in Turcos Christi inimicos in
pugnam animaret, promissa peccatorum indulgcntia cunctis, qui contra Turcum
militare vellent, paruni quidein profccit, aes autcm inopis ct simplicis vulgi Romana;
Ecclesiae gazis impendit. — Surdent profccto opulentum aures Evangelio, nee