carcerem et tormento necabantur ; levioii de causa ignominia inurebatur familiae
perpetua ; non pauci bonis publicatis asternis tenebris vinculisque mandati. Rubra
crux obliquis radiis ac decussatim in croceaveste, quam S. Benedict! (San-Benito)
vocant, plerisque data insignis, a casterisque discreta, ut essent documento, et
magnitudine supplicii terrerent alios. Quod Usu salutare extitit, grave initio pro-
vincialibus visum est. Ilia maxime : parentum scelera fihorum poenis lui ; occulto
accusatore reos fieri ; neque cum indice compositos damnari ; contra quam olim
factum erat, peccata in religionem vindicari morte. Illud gravissimum, adimi per
inquisitiones loquendi libere, audiendique commercium, dispersis per urbes et
oppida et agros observatoribus, quod extremum in Servitute credebant. Ita discre-
pantibus judiciis, nonnulli mortis poenam removebant, casterum suppliciorum acer-
bitates omnes complectebantur : in hoc numero Fernandus Pulgarius arguto atque
eleganti ingenio, cujus extat de Ferdinandi Regis rebus gestis historia : alii, quo-
rum melior sententia fuit, qui foedare religionem, et sanctissimas caeremonias mutare
conati essent, eos frui vita et communi spiritu non putabant oportere, bonis et igno-
minia multandos videri, nulla filiorum cura. Praeclare id legibus comparatum, ut
Caritas liberorum cautiores parentes reddat. Occulto judicio tergiversationes vitari:
neque nisi de convictis aperte, aut confessis poenas sumi. In multis saepe antiques
Ecclesiae mores, prout res et tempora exigunt, mutari : et majorem licentiam majori
severitate coercendam videri. Successus opinionem superavit. — Ab hoc initio res
in banc auctoritatem crevit atque potestatem, qua nulla pravis hominibus toto orbe
christiano formidabilior est, reipublicae universae majori commodo ; praesens reme-
Chap. IV. Internal History. § 147. Inquisition. 337
In Germany the Inquisition was revived in a different manner,
though with the same characteristics of cruelty and bloodshed. The
heretics in that country had long been suspected of secret connexion
with the evil one ; and this suspicion made them more the objects of
hatred than even their heresy, since no one was supposed to be safe
from their arts.^"^ Innocent VIII. took advantage of this to proclaim
to the Germans, 1484, that they were in constant danger from sor-
cerers and witches, !â– * and commissioned the two Inquisitors, Heinrich
dium adversus impendentia mala, quibus alise provinciae exagitantur, caslo datum :
nam humano consilio adversus tanta pericula satis caveri non potuit.
" Compare E. D. Hau bar's bibliotheca, acta et scripta magica, gründliche
Nachi'ichten und Ui'theile von solchen Büchern und Handlungen, welche die
Macht des Teufels in leibl. Dingen betretl[en. 36. Stück. Lemgo 1739- 174.5. 8vo.
G. C. Horst 's Dämonoiiiagie, od. Geschichte des Glaubens an Zauberei u.
dämonische Wunder, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Herenpi'ocesses seit
den Zeiten Tnnocentius VJH. 2. Th. Frankf. a. M. 1S18. Ibid. Zauberbibliothek.
6 Theile. Mainz, 1821 - 1826. Svo.
^^ In the bull Suminis desiderantes affcctibus, dd. Non. Dec. 1484, incomplete
in the Lib. septimus Decretall. Lib. V. Tit. 12. c. 4, complete in Hauber's
bibl. mag. St. 1. S. 1 ff Horst's Dämonomagie. Th. 2. S. 17 ff.: Nuper ad
nostrum — pervenit auditum, quod in nonnullis partibus Alemannice superioris,
necnon in Moguntinensi, Coloniensi Trevirensi, Salzburgensi et Bi-emensi provin-
ciis — compluies, utriusque sexus persona-, propria; salutis innnemores, et a fide
catholica deviantes, cum daemonibus, incubis et succubis, abuti, ac suis incanta-
tionibus, carminibus et conjurationibus — mulierum partus, animalium foetus, terrae
fruges, vinearum uvas, et arborum fructus, necnon homines, mulieres, pecora,
pecudes, et alia diversorum generum animalia, vineas quoque, pomaria, prata,
pascua, blada, frumenta, et alia terra? legumina perire, sufibcari et extingui facere
et procurare, ipsosque homines, — et animalia diris tam intrinsecis quam extrinsecis
doloribus et tormentis atücere et excruciare, ac eosdem homines, ne gignere, et
mulieres, ne concipere, virosque, ne uxoribus, et mulieres, ne viris actus conju-
gales reddere valeant, impedire : fidem prajterea ipsam, quam in sacri susceptione
baptismi susceperunt, ore sacrilego abnegare, aliaque quam plurima nefanda, —
instigante humani generis inimico, committere et perpetrare non verentur. —
Quodque licet dilecti filii, Henricus Institoris in prsedictis partibus Alemannise
superioris, — necnon Jacobus Sprenger per certas partes linefe Rheni, Ordinis
Praedicatorum, et theologiae professores, haereticag pravitatis inquisitores per literas
Apostolicas deputati fuerunt: tarnen nonnulli Clerici et laici illarum partium,
quaerentes plura sapere quam oporteat, pro eo quod in literis deputationis hujusmodi
provincias, — ac excessus hujusmodi nominatim et specifice expressa non fuerunt,
— prasfatis inquisitoribus in provinciis — prsedictis hujusmodi inquisitionis officium
exequi non licere, — pertinaciter asserere non erubescunt. — Nos igitur, — ne
contingat, provincias — et loca praidicta — debito inquisitionis officio carere, eisdem
inq^iisitoribus in illis officium inquisitionis hujusmodi exequi liceie — tenore prae-
sentium statuimus. Proque potiori cautela literas et deputationem praedictas ad
provincias — et crimina hujusmodi extendentes, praefatis inquisitoribus, quod ipsi —
in provinciis — praedictis contra quascunque pei'sonas — hujusmodi inquisitionis
officium exequi, ipsasque personas, quas in praemissis culpabiles repererint, juxta
earum demerita corrigere, incarcerare, punire, et mulctare ; necnon in singulis
provinciarum hujusmodi parochialibus Ecclesiis verbum Dei fideli populo, quoties
expedierit ac eis visum fuerit, proponere et prasdicare, omniaque alia et singula in
prasmissis et circa ea necessaria et opportuna facere, et similiter exequi libere et
licite valeant, plenam ac liberam eadem auctoritate de novo concedimus facultatem.
Et nihilominus ven. fratri nostro Episcopo Argentinensi per Apostolica scripta
mandamus, quatenus — non permittat, eos quoscuuque super hoc — niolestari, seu
alias quomodolibet impediri ; molestatores et impedientes et contradictores quoslibet,
et rebelles, cujuscunque dignitatis, status, gradus, prseminentia;, nobilitatis, et
excellentia? aut conditionis fuerint, et quocunque exemtionis privilegio sint muniti,
VOL. III. 43
338 Tliird Period. Diu. V. A. D. 1409 — 1517.
Kramer and Jacob Sprenger to purge the land of them. To convince
the incredulous, and bring their new business into reguhir train, these
men published the Ilexenhammer (Malleus maleficarum. Colon.
1480. 4to.).i^ A few only of the more clear-sighted ventured to
declare against this delusion, but their opposition was both dangerous
to themselves and ineffectual. i*^ Many who were entirely innocent
per excommunicationis, suspensionis et interdict!, ac alias etiam formidabiliores, de
quibus sibi videbitur, sententias, censuras et pcenas, omni appellatione postposita,
coinpescendo : et etiam legitimis super his per eum servandis processibus senten-
tias ipsas, quoties opus fuerit, aggravare et reaggravare auctoritate nostra proeuret,
invocato ad hoc, si opus fuerit, auxilio brachii saicularis.
•5 Concerning the various editions of this work see Hauber, St. 1. S. 39 seq. ; II.
S. 90 seq.; V. S. 311 seq. It consists of three parts. P. I. treats super tria, quae
ad maleticialem effectum concurrunt, ut sunt Da;mon, maleficus et divina per-
missio; P. II. super remedia prsservativa and super remedia malelicia amoventia;
P. III. super reuiedia ultima contra personas maleficarura.
"' In Evreux as early as 1453, Wilhelniinus Edelinus, Doctor of Theology, and
Prior of St. Germain en Laye, was condemned to perpetual imprisonment for
secret dealings with the evil one, see Chroniques d'Enguerran de Monstrclet (a
Paris, 1572), vol. III. fol. 63. The particular charge against him may be seen from
the work of a contemporary, the V)oi\\m\cün JVicholai Jaquerii ("f in Ghent, 1471),
flagellum haereticorum fascinariorum (ed. Francof. 1581. 8vo.), cap. 5. The
schedula, in which the unhappy man had written out the offences put upon him,
continebat inter caetera, quod, quando ipse fuit inlioductus ad dictam sectam,
Diabolus asserebat, quod ipse Magister Guilhelmus bene posset, si vellet, augraen-
tare ejusdem üsmonis dominium, pracipiendo eidem Magistro Guilhelmo pradi-
care, quod hujusinodi secta non erat nisi illusio, et quod hoc prsdicaret ad conten-
tandum populum patriae, ubi tunc morabatur ipse Magister Guilhelmus. Compare
Hauber, St. 15. S. 152 if. — .Malleus malefic. P. I. Qu. 1. answers the question:
utrum asserere maleficos esse sit a Deo catholicum, quod ejus oppositum perti-
naciter defendere omnino sit h^reticum. It seems that there were many, who
publice predicant, maleficas non esse, aut quod nuUo modo valeant honiinibus
nocere. Hence P. I. Qu. 18. modus pradicandi contra quinquc argumenta
Laicoriim, quihus probare videntur sparsim, quod Deus non pennittat taniam
potestatem Diabolo et inaleficis circa hujusmodi maleficia inferenda. These
arguments were : Primum sumitur ex parte Dei : Deus punire potest hominem
pi-opter peccata et punit gladio, fame et mortalitate, item diversis aliis infirmitatibus
varus et innumeris, quibus huinana conditio subjacet : unde quia opus ei non est
adjungere alias punitiones, ideo non permittit. II. ex parte Diaholi : Si vera
essent quae pra;dicantur, quod videlicet (üamones) vim generativam impedire
possunt, ut videlicet mulier non concipiat ; vel, si concipiat, quod aborsum faciat ;
' vel si non aborsum, quod etiam post partum natos interficiunt: utique sic perimere
possent totum mundum. Et iterum posset dici, quod opera Diaboli essent fortiora
operibus Dei, scilicet sacramento matrimonii, quod est opus Dei. III. ex parte
hominis : Videmus, si maleficium debet esse aliquid in mundo, tunc aliqui homines
plus aliis uialeficiantur. De quo si quasritur, utique dicitur hoc esse propter puni-
tionem peccatoruni : sed hoc est falsum ; ergo et illud, quod maleficia sint in
mundo. Falsitas autem probatur ex eo, quia tunc majores peccatores amplius
punirentur: hoc autem est falsum, cum minus puniantur, quam alii interdum
Justi. Quod etiam cernitur in pueris innocentibus, qui asseruntur maleficiari.
Quarto potest addi et aliud argumentum ex parte Dei, hoc : Quod quis impedire
posset, et non impcdit, sed iieii permittit, utique judicatur ex sua voluntate pro-
cessisse. Sed Deus cum sit summe bonn«, non potest velle malum: ergo non
potest permitterc, ut fiat maluni, quod ipse impedire potest. Item ex parte morbi:
Dcfectus et intlrniitatcs, qui dicuntür nialeficiales, similes etiam sunt defectibus et
infirmitatibus naturalibus, i. e. qui ex defectu naturae procedunt. Quod enim
aliquis Claudicat, excoecatur vel ratloncm perdit, vel etiam moritur, ex defectu
natura; contlngere possunt : unde non possunt secure nialelicis adscribi. Ultimo
ex parte judicum et piradicatorum, qui, cum talia adversus maleficas prEedicant
Chap. IV. Infernal History. § 147. Inquisition. 339
were its victims, whilst it proved a ready mode of bringing suspected
heretics to justice to accuse them of sorcery, ^^ the civil authorities
vying with the Inquisitors in the persecution. ^^
et practicant, utique propter ingens odium a maleficis contra eos conceptum nun-
quam essent securi. They who opposed the behef in witches, founded their
arguments chiefly on the Decret. Gratiani Causa XXVI. Qu. 5. c. 12, ex Cone.
Anquirensi, where the nightly excursions of witches, and their power of changing
their shapes is condemned as a heathen superstition, and the priests called upon to
preach against it. Hence Malleus malef. P. II. cap. 3. attempts to show that such
opponents in cortice canonis laborarent, and that there are certainly such instances.
After mentioning several, he proceeds: Tantummodo haecsulficiant advei-sus illos,
qui hujusmodi corporales transvectiones aut omnino negant, aut quod solummodo
imaginarie et fantastice fiant, affirmare conantur. Qui utique in suo errore si
relinquerentur, parum esset, imo nee advertendum, dummodo in fidei contumeliam
ipsorum error non vergeret. Attento auteni quod illo errore non contenti etiam
alios inserere, et publicare in maleticarum augnientationeni et fidei detrimentum
non verentur, dum asserunt, quod omnia maleticia, qua; eis juste tanquam instru-
mentis Da;monum vere et realiter imputantur, eis tantummodo imaginarie et illu-
sorie, tanquam innoxiis, esse imputanda, sicuti et ipsa transvectio fantastica, unde
et pluries impune in magnam creatoris contumeliam et gravissimum jam ipsorum
augmentum remanserunt, etc. Compare P. II. cap. 8. There are two remarkable
dialogues in this period, in which the grounds for and against this belief in witches
are set forth. Ulricus Molitoris, Decretorum Doctor, a member of the episcopal
Council in Constance, wrote one : De lamiis et pythonicis mulieribus. Colon. 1498.
at the request of the archduke Sigismund of Austria. The grounds against the
belief are showed with gi-eat power, but at the same time very cautiously, and the
decision put into the mouth of the archduke, compare Hauber, St. 2. S. 103 seq.
In the dialogue of the Franciscan Thomas Murner : De pythonico contractu,
Freyburgii, 1499, it is difficult to see what was the real opinion of the author, see
Haubei-, St. 2. S. 116 seq. Both dialogues are appended to the edition of the
Maleficarum. Francof. 1580. 8vo.
'^ An instance of this occui-red in Arras, A. D. 1459, where a large number of
persons, who were supposed to be Waldenses, were accused of sorcery, and burned
alive, see Enguerrand de Monstrelet Chroniques. vol. III. fol. 84. The great
jurist. Franc. Balduinus, who was himself a native of Arras, says of this event,
Comm. in Institutt. lib. IV. Tit. 18. p. 774: Quo gravius et ab hominis ingenio
magis alienum est hoc malum (of sorcery), eo major adhibenda est cautio, ne quis
ejus praetextu ab adversariis temere obruatur. Facile enim hie quidvis confingere
potest ingeniosa simultas, ut et mulfitudinem statim comraoveat, et attonitos judices
irritet adversus eum, quem cum Da?monibus rem habere mentietur. Ante annos
sexaginta sensit infelix nostra patria magno suo malo hujusce generis calumnias.
Magna erat Valdensium mentio, quos advei'sarii jactabant nescio quid commercii
habere cum immundis spiritibus. Hujus criminis prcetextu optimi quique statim
opprimebantur. Sed tandem Senatus Parisiensis causa cognita vidit meras esse
sycophantias, infelices reos liberavit, improbos sycophantas cum iniquis judicibus
damnavit. Extatque adhuc ejus memorabile hac de re Arestum, cditum XX. die
mensis Maji, anno 1491. Compare Hauber, St. 2. S. 64 ff. The Malleus malefi-
carum tries to show that sorcery is the worst heresy (P. I. Qu. 14.).
I'* The Malleus maleficarum shows, P. III. in the introduction, that, since crimen
maleficarum non est mere ecclesiasticum, imo potius civile propter damna, qua;
inferuntur temporalia, therefore judex sa^cularis cognoscei-e et judicare potest usque
ad sententiam diffinitivam ad pccnitentiam, quam ab Oidinariis recipiet : secus super
sanguinem, quam per se ferre potest. Hence also P. III. is intended for the in-
struction of the civil courts on the subject.
340 Third Period. Div. V. A. D. 1409 — 1517.
CHAPTER FIFTH.
OPPONENTS OF THE CHURCH OF ROME.
<§» 148.
OLDER FAN.\TICAL SECTS.
The BIaniclia:ans still maintained themselves in Bosnia, where
they were the prevailing sect till the king of that country, Stephen
Thomas, went over to the Roman church in 1442,^ and began to
persecute them. By this measure, however, he only hastened the
fall of his kingdom, which was conquered by the Turks in 1463."2
The Flagellants also, still existed in secret in Thuringia and Anhalt.^
* See Epist. Benedicti Ovetarii Vicentini ad Petrum Donatum Episc. Patavi-
num, dd. Rom. Kal. Oct. 1442, in Martene ampl. coll. I. p. 1592.
^ See the praises bestowed on the king for this persecution in the Pope's letter,
Raynald, 1445, no. 23. Two Wywodes, Stephen, the king's father-in-law, and
John, went back to the heretics after a pretended conversion to the Roman church,
and protected the Manichaeans. Instructions concerning them in Nicholas V.
letter to his legate, Raynald, 1449, note 9. The Manichaeans went so far as even
to call in the Turks to aid them against their king, Raynald, 1450, no 13. Stephen
Thomas' son and successor, Stephen Thomassowitsch, pacified the Turks, by
agreeing to pay them tribute, and then began anew to persecute the Manichaeans
and confiscate their estates, Raynald, 1460, no. 91. cf. Pii II. commentarii
rerum memorab. a Jo. Gobelino compositi, lib. V. p. 125: Rex Bossina: — ut
piaculum traditas Turcis Synderonise purgaret, ac sueb religionis fidem faceret, sive,
quod niulti crediderunt, avaritiaj obtentu Manichaeos, qui erant in regno suo quam
plurinii, nisi baptismum Christi acciperent, e regno migrare coegit substantia
relicta: duo circiter millia baplizati sunt, quadraginta aut paulo plures pertinaciter
errantes ad Stephanum Bosnae ducem (Stephen Cosaccia, Duke of Herzegowina)
perfidia? socium confugere. Tres principes haereseos in aula Regis potentes Epis-
copus Nonensis vinctos ad Pontificem duxit, quos Pius per monasteiia relegatos
edoceri Christianum dogma curavit. Joannes Cardinalis sancti Sixti ad se vocatos
instruxit, persuasitque tandem abjuratiserroribus Ecclesias Romans, qu£e nee talle-
ret, nee falleretur, documenta suscipere : reconciliatos ad Regem remisit (cf. Ray-
nald, 1461, no. 136) : duo in fide permansere, tertius more canis ad vomitum
rediens ex itinere dilapsus ad Stephanum confugit. In A. D. 1463, Stephen was
taken prisoner and put to death by the Turks, and Bosnia subdued ( Gobellinus,
lib. XI. p. 311).
^ See their doctrines in ^ 120, note 8. Flagellants were discovered and punished
in Sangerhausen, A. D. 1414 and 1454, in Nordhausen 1446, in Anhalt 1481,
see F Ö r s t e m a n n die christl. Geisslergesellschaften. Halle, 1828. S. 163 ff.
Chap. V. Reformers. § 149. Huss. 341
<§> 149.
ATTEMPTS AT REFORM.
JOHN HUSS AND JEROME OF PRAGUE.
Authorities: Historia et monumenta Jo. Hus atque Hieronymi Pragensis.
Tomi II. JVorimhergcB, 1715. fol.
Against Huss : JEnem f^ylvii de Bohemorum origine ac gestis historia (Romce,
1475. fol. and often, e. g. Wolferbyti, 1620. 8vo.) cap. 35, 36. Jo. Cochlcei
hist. Hussitarum, hbb. XII. apud S. Victorem prope Mogunfiam. 1549. fol.
For Huss: Hussitenkrieg : darinnen begriffen das Leben, die Lehre, der Todt
M. Johannis Hussi, auch wie derselbe von den Böhmen — ist gerochen, &c.
alles aus glaubwürdigen Geschichtschreibern, alten Monumenten und Manu-
scripten mit Fleiss zusammengetragen durch M. Zachariam Theobaldum.
Nürnberg, 1621. 4to.
Works on the subject : Wilh. Seyfridi diss, de Jo. Hussi Martyris vita, fatis ac
scriptis. Jenae, 1729. cum annotationibus J. Chr. Mylii. Hilperhusce, 1743.
4to. Lebensbeschreibungen von Huss u. Hieron. v. Prag in W. Gilpin's
Lives of Reformers, 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1809. Hussens Leben von Aug.
Zitte, 2 Theile, Prag, 1789, 90. von J. F. W. Tis eher. Leipz. 1798.
Leben des Hieronymus v. Prag von T i s c h e r . Leipz. 1802. — Compare
the Works on the Council of Constance prefixed to § 130.
The successor of Conrad Stiekna, John Milicz, and Matthew
Janow, in the cause of good morals and true piety, was John Iliias of
Hussinecz, Master of Arts, and Teacher of Theology at Prague,
and from A. D. 1402, preacher at the chapel of Bethlehem, i and
confessor to the queen. Huss was converted to Realism, and made a
follower of Augustine, by the writings of Wicliffe, which in their
wide circulation had been brought also to Prague. ^ Without adopt-
* Founded by Johann von Mühlheim and the merchant Kreuz 1391 (P e I z e I ' s
Lebensgesch. des Königs Wenceslaus. Th. 1. Prag, 1788. S. 243) : their object is
thus stated in the foundation (Ibid. Urkundenbuch, S. 102 seq.) : Ego Johannes de
Milheni provida consideratione pensans, et anims meae salutem, multorumque
Christifidelium spiritualem refectionem desiderans, quomodo in civitate Pragensi,
licet multa sint loca ad divinos cultus ordinata, nihilominus tarnen eadem per
plurimos alios sacros actus occupantur pluries, sic quod nullus locus ad privilegia-
tum praedicationis verbi Dei othcium sit ibidem specialiter deputatus, sed prtedica-
tores ipsi, specialiter vulgaris Boemici eloquii, plerumque per domos et latebras
coguntur, quod non congruit, divagari, quemadmodum ssepius notabiliter est com-
pertum : hac igitur consideratione permotus, et ad dictte pradlcationis sanctse
incrementa procuranda attentius animatus — Capellam in honore ss. Innocentum in
area providi viri Crucis, civis majoris civitatis Pragensis, quam idem Crux — ad id
pie donavit, — quam Bethlehem, quod interpretatur domus panis, censui appellan-
dam hac consideratione, ut ibidem populus communis et Christifideles pane prasdi-
cationis sanctse refici debeant, — decrevi et disposui erigendam.
^ .XnecB Sylvii hist. Bohem. c. 35 : Rexerunt scholam Pragensem usque in ea
tempora Teutones. Id molestissimum Bohemis fuit, hominibus natura ferocibus
atque indomitis. Ex quibus vir quidam genere nobilis, ex domo quam Putridi
342 Third Period. Div. V. A. D. 1409 — 1517.
ing all Wicliffe's speculative opinions,-"^ he learned from him to take a
deeper view of the abuses of tlie church, and by the study of his
works was strengthened in his love of truth and goodness. He was
therefore zealous in recommending and circulating Wicliffe's writ-
ings,'* and connected himself intimately with their great advocate,
Jerome Faulfisch, commonly called Jerome of Prague; thus drawing
upon himself the enmity of the numerous German teachers in the
university of Prague, who were one and all Nominalists, and opposers
of Wicliffe. After having become famous as a popular preacher,
Huss began in the synods to attack the corruptions of the clergy.^
piscis vocant, apud Oxoniam Angliae civitatem literis studens, cum Johannis Wy-
clevi libros offendisset, quibus de realibus universalibus titulus inscribitur, magno-
pere illis oblectatus, exemplaria secum attulit (about 1402). Inter quae de civili,
de jure divino, de Ecclesia, de diversis qurestiouibus, contra Clerum pleraque
Volumina, veluti pretiosum thesaurum, patriaj sua; intulit. >mbutus jam ipse
Wiclevitarum veneno et ad nocendum paratus, tum quoii erat familifB sua; cogno-
men, putridum piscem i. e. foetidum virus in cives suos evomuit. Commodavit
autem scripta, quas attulerat, his potissime, qui Teutonicorum odio tenebantur.
Inter quos Johannes eminuit, obscuro loco natus, ex villa Hus, qui anserem signifi-
cat, cognomen mutuatus. Hie cum esset ingenio peracri, et lingua diserta, raul-
tumque dialecticis oblectaretur, et peregrinas opiniones amaret, avide admodum
Wyclevitarura doctrinam arripuit, eaque Teutonicos vexare magistros coepit, sperans
eo confusos Teutones scholas relicturos.
' Thus in his tract, de corpore et sanguine Domini, written in prison in Con-
stance (Hist, et monum. I. p. 47), his views of Transubstantiation are entirely
orthodox. Compare also his confession of faith, below, note 12. In his Responsio
ad scripta Mag. Stephani Paletz he says (Hist, et Monum. I. p. 330) : Ego enim
fateor, quod sententias veras, quas M. Joan. "Wicleff — posuit, teneo, non quia ipse
dicit, sed quia divina scriptura, vel ratio infallibilis dicit. Si autem aliquem erro-
rem posuerit, nee ipsum, nee quemcunque alium intendo in errore, quantumlibet
modice, imitari.
■• JEneas Sylvius, 1. c. relates of his preaching in the chapel : Qui cum se
libenter audiri animadverteret, multa de libris Johannis Wj'-clevi in medium attulit,
asserens in eis omnem veritatem contineri, adjiciensque crebro inter praedicandum,
se postquam ex hac luce migraret, in ea loca proficisci cupere, ad quae Wyclevi
anima pervenisset, quem virum bonuin, sanctum, caeloque dignum non dubitaret.
The errors of Wicliffe were opposed, 1408, by Stephanus, Cartusiaj Dolanensis
Prior, though without naming Huss, Medulla tritici s. Antiwikleffus in Pezii thes.
anecdotorura T. IV. P. II. p. 149 seq., compare p. 157: Audivi crebrius, et
quadam apostatica lectione cujusdam dialogi et trialogi (see § 123, note 14)
didici et obstupui, qualiter quidam insani Magistri et homines pestiferi WikJeffitici
ordinis et schismatis, canina rabie concitati, cursu praicipiti, profanis et sacrilegis
sententiis, et arte diabolica confectis articulis, s. niatris Ecclesia?, magisterio S.