articulis s. Roman» Ecclesia» et lidei catholicae contrariis revocare, et ad vers —
fidei Observationen!, ac obedientiam, conformitatem, et unionem, ac ritum cultum-
que s. Romanae Ecclesias reducere et restiluere volo. Theie is nothing in the
German translation answering to the words ac ritum, which are perhaps therefore
an interpolation.
VOL. III. 47
370 Third Period. Dio. V. A. D. 1409 — 1517.
Catholics looked on the Calixtines as heretics, whom the king was by
his oath bound to exterminate. 'J'he Calixtines, on the other hand,
would not abandon the hope of driving their opponents entirely out of
Bohemia.^ Pius II., at first held back by other considerations,^ at
length declared the compact null in A. D. 1402. i^ George strove in
vain by the most scrupulous observance of its terms to keep the
Catholics on his side.^^ Finally, Paul II. proceeded to exconimuni-
" The most obstinate resistance to the new king was made by the city of
Breshiu. The transactions are recounted at length in a history of Breslau, written
by the then clerk of the city, P e t e r E s c h e n 1 o e r, Gesch. der Stadt Breslau
V. 1440-1479 herausgeg. vonKunisch. 2 Bde. Breslau, 1827 and 28. 8vo.
9 Pius wanted George's assistance in the war against the Turks, and invited him
to join the assemblage at Mantua, Cochlceus, lib. XII. p. 416.
10 See Relatiohist. Anonymi synchroni complectens res aliquas Hungaricas, po-
tissimum vero Bohemicas ab anno 1458 ad ann. 1469, in Steph. Kaprinai Hungaria
diploinatica temporibus Matthiae Regis. P. II. (Vindob. 1771. 4to.) p. 577 seq. In
1462 George sent ambassadors to Rome to take the oath of obedience to the Pope,
and at the same time receive the confirmation of the compact. Pius, however,
answered (1. c. p. 580 seq.) : Quae vos Compactata vocatis, Oratores insignes,
Apostolica Sedes neque novit unquam neque accepit. — Non consuevit haec sancta
Sedes — in his, qua? articulos fidei concernunt, pacta facere ; sed catholicam fidem
— omnibus libere pra;dicare. — De his, qua; vos Compjctata vocatis, nulls Basi-
leenses (esto, quod Basiled aliquando, et tunc prfesertim, generale Concilium
fuisset) littera; unquam apparuerunt, sed nee hodie apparent: soli Compactatorum
amatores copiam quandam, seu-ut ipsi dicunt transsumtum quoddam cujusdani, qui
se Constantiensem Episcopum nominat, ostendere possunt, quod quantam in tam
gravi re fidem facial, quantum illi credendum sit, etiaiii nobis tacentibus quilibet
intelligit. But even if the compact was admitted, the Bohemians themselves had
not kept it. Animadvertite, communionem sub utraque specie his Bohemis demum
concedi, qui in aliis omnibus sese Romana^ Ecclesice conformaverint. — At — nofum
est, Bohemos hactenus in nullo Sedem Apostolicam recognovisse, quinimo ab illius
obedientia semper declinasse, illius mandata sprevisse, novos ritus, novas hsreses
introduxisse. — Sed et illud notorium est, neque vos negabitis, imo in hoc sacro
Consistorio publice asseruistis, in Bohemia ab omnibus, qui Compactata colunt, hoc
palam prsedicari, communionem sub utraque specie de necessitate salutis esse, qua
de re vos ea tanquam talia a nobis et Apostolica Sede confii-mari petistis : cum
tamen in Compactatis dicatur, articulum de necessitate salutis in Concilio discutien-
dum esse : qui et ibidem discussus est, decretum quoque est, de necessitate salutis
non esse sub duplici specie communicari (see § 150, note 33). The Bohemian
priests do not teach according to the compact, sub qualibet specie totum Christum
contineri, but on the contrary, communionem utriusque speciei de necessitate
salutis esse. Another article in the compact was, Concilium concessurum commu-
nionem utriusque speciei, si Bohemi in desiderio sic communicandi perseveraverint,
et hoc eorum ambasiatores indicaverint Concilio : Ruunt itaque ex omni parte
Compactata vestra, quae neque vos servastis untjuam, neque, etiamsi servata
fuissent, communicandi sub utraque specie Bohemis Ucentiam pra;stant, pra:sertim
his, pro quibus nunc illud petilis, qui tunc, tempore Compactatorum, aut nati non
fuerunt, aut saltern talem usum communicandi minime habere potuerunt. cf. Pii
II. conmientarii a Jo. Gobelino compositi, lib. VII. p. 188. The German transla-
tion of this answer of the Pope differs very much in the form, though essentially
the same, see Eschenloer, Bd. 1. S. 181. George immediately called together the
States, and complained of the course pursued by the Pope (Cochlceus, lib. XII. p.
427) : Miramur quod Papa facit. Fortassis iterum hoc regnum, quod vix per
Compactata uiiitum est, et ad tranquillum statum pervenit, disjungere vult. In
answer to the charge, that he had not ])cen true to his oath, he read in their
presence : juravimus ha=relicam pra\'itatcm velle abjicere, et omnes ha;reses de
Regno nostro delere. — Sed quod Papa velit communionem et nostra Compactata
haeresim facere, nunquam fuit de intentionc nostra.
Chap. V. Reformers. § 151. Hussites from \m(S — \B\1 . 371
cate and depose him in Dec. 1465, i~ summoning all good Catholics
to a crusade against him.^-^ But George's preparations for war ^*
made more impression than the Pope's censures; even the German
universities condemned the proposed crusade, '-^ and it was therefore
very feebly prosecuted. In the mean time king Matthias of Hungary
accepted from the Pope the gift of Bohemia, and established liiniself
in Silesia, Moravia, and Lusatia. In Bohemia proper, George still
maintained himself, and after his death (1471) the Polish prince
Wladislaus, was chosen to succeed him ; whom both Matthias and
the Pope strove in vain to drive out,'^ till in 1490 he succeeded
Matthias in Hungary. Though Wladislaus was himself Catholic, and
at first allowed himself to be influenced by the Catholics, the Calix-
tines were so powerful, that the compact was still strictly observed.^'
Wladislaus died 1516.
During Sigismund's reign the Taborites, though much weakened,
were left undisturbed. ^^ After this Rokyczana made some ineffectual
" Even Cochlceus, \ih. XII. p. 411, testifies of him : quod stirpi deerat, industria
supplevit, qua sibi Rex tantain comparavit auctoiitatem et gratiam, ut, si una
defuisset labes Hussiticae sectae, — inter optiinos Reges baud immerito coinmeniorari
posset. Quis enim fuit eo vel in consiliis circumspectior, vel in arinis expeditior,
vel in judiciis aequior, vel in regia potestate nioderatior ? Quamvis enim Hussita-
rum sectai adhasreret, Catbolicos tanien Imperio suo subjectos a sacris et ritibus
Ecclesiae non arcuit, neque in sectam suam coegit. Compare p. 438 seq.
'â– 2 The bull dd. 1465. VI. Idus Dec. which is wanting even in Raynald, is
given in Eschenloer, Bd. 1. S. 296. The first act of excommunication was in
Dec. 1465, not 1466, see Mansi ad Rayn. 1466, no. 27. See also Eschenloer, Bd.
1. S. 321. — These decrees are repeated in the Bulls of 23 Dec. 1466, see Eschen-
loer, Bd. 1. S. 350, dd. VII. Kal. Apr. 1467, Raynald, ad h. a. no. 1.
1^ Raynald, ann. 1467, no. 8. 1468, no. 4. Theobald, Th. 3. Cap. 16. S. 94.
'^ George's letter of complaints addressed to all kings and princes on the 28 July,
1466, see in Eschenloer, Bd. 1. S. 316. His appeal to the General Council, drawn up
by Gregory of Heimburg (see § 132, note 29), dated Apr. 14, 1467, in Eschenloer,
Bd. 2. S. 12 seq. There also appeared in print a Christian complaint of the
Pope's unchristian conduct in Bohemian, German, and Latin, Theoliald, Th. 3.
Cap. 16. S. 93.
'^ Eschenloer, Bd. 2. S. 16.
'^ Sixtus IV. declared all oaths taken to Wladislaus to be null and void, and
Matthias to be the lawful king of Bohemia, Raynald, 1472. In 1478 a treaty was
concluded (which see in Eschenloei-, Bd. 2. S. 388), according to which Bohemia
was secured to Wladislaus ; Moravia, Silesia, and Lusatia given to Matthias.
>7 Treaties with the Utraquists from 1480, in Theobald, Th. 3. Cap. 25. S. 137.
By that of Kuttenbei'g, 1485, the compact was renewed, Theobald, Th. 3. Cap. 27.
S. 149.
'* Cochlaus, lib. VIII. p. 280: Quamvis exciso eorum exercitu — in armis non
ita confiderent, ut prius, Taboritae : aliis tamen rationibus pertinaciam suam tueri
quaerebant. Habebant sane oppidum Tabor in excelsa rupe munitissimum, habe-
bant multas Communitates sibi adhsrentes, habebant sacerdotes argutos et in sacris
literis exercitatos, etc. .Mnece Sylv. hist. Bohem. c. 52 : Taborita;, qui superiori-
bus cladibus superfuerant in oppido conservati, ea lege in gratiam recepti, ut
quinquennio toto suis moribus viverent, religionis cultum mutare non cogerentur,
jura civitatis haberent. Afterwards Sigismund said, quinquennium baud expecta-
turuin se correpturum propediem sceleratEC civitatis insaniam : but in this he was
prevented by death.
372 Third Period. Div. V. A. D. 1409 — 1517.
attempts to unite them with the Calixtines.^'* In A. D. 1451, JEneas
Sylvius found them still distinguished by their old peculiarities.'^'^
*^ A conference was held in Kutfenberg on 4th July, 1443, between Rok3'czana,
on the part of the Calixtines, and Nich. Hiskupecz.on the part of the Taborites,
see Theobald, Th. 2. Cap. 14. S. 123. The Taborites gave a statement of their
creed in 15 articles, in which they dwelt, first of all, on the paramount importance
of the Scriptures, and the reading of thcni in the mother tongue; the most
important doctrine they maintained to be that of jiistiiication by faith, which they
made the indispensable condition of admittance to the church; they acknowledged
two sacraments, baptism and the communioii, and rejected pictures and the doctrine
of purgatory. Art. XII: They rejected mass and the adoration of the elements,
which they supposed to be simple bread and wine. In the conference the chief
subjects of dispute were, transubstantiation and the communion of children, both
of which the Taborites rejected. A second conference in Prague, 1444 (Theobald,
Th. 2. Cap. 15. S. 131), was as little successful as the fii-st. Compare Nie. Bisku-
pecz Schi-eiben an einen Aeltesten der taboritischen Gemeinde zu Muglitz in
Mähren Theobald, 1. c. See Jo. RokyczancB tract, de VII. Sacramentis
appended to Cochlixi hist. Hussitarum, p. 442 seq., and the Tabo.nte, Jo. Lukawitz
confessio Taboritarum conti-a Rokenzanam et Papistas Pragenses in Balth. Lydii
Waldensia Roterod. 1616. 8vo. p. 1 seq.
^ MnecR Ep. Senensis epist. ad Jo. de Carjaval Card. {JEnea Sylv. epist. 130) :
Ex illis aliqui nudi erant solis tecti camisiis, alii pelliceas tunicas induerant. Alii
sella carebant, alii freno, alii calcaribus. Alteri crus occreatum fuit, alteri nudum :
huic oculus defuit, illi manus. — Incedendi nullus ordo, loquendi nulla modestia,
harbaro et rusticano ritu nos exceperuut. Obtulerunt tamen xenia, pisces, vinum,
cerevisiam. Sic oppidum ingressi, locum vidimus. Quein nisi haereticorum arcem
aut asylum vocem, nescio quo appellem nomine. Nam qua;cunque deteguntur
inter Christianos impietatis ac blasphemiarum monstra, hue confugiunt, tutamcn-
tumque habent, ubi tot sunt hasreses quot capita, et libertas est qua; veils credere.
In the account of their doctrines which follows the statements here printed in
Italics may be considered as incorrect (compare note 19) : Romanam Ecclesiam
nolunt habere primatum, aut proprii Clerum habere quicquam. Imagines Christi
Sanctorumque delent. Ignem purgatorium inticiantur. Nihil Sanctorum prece.s
jam cum Christo rcgnantium prodesse mortalibus asseverant. Festum diem prater
Dominicara et Pascalem non agunt, jejunia spernunt, horas canonicas abjiciunt.
Eucharistiam sub specie panis et vini et parvidis et dementibus prcebent. Con-
ficientes nihil prajter orationem dominicam et verba consecrationis dicunt, neque
vestimenta mutant, neque ornatus assumunt aliquos : quidam vero eousque desi-
piunt, ut non verum Christi corpus in sacramento altaris, sed repraescntationem
quandam esse contendant, errantis Berengarii, non conversi, sequaces. Ex sacra-
mentis Ecclesia; baptismum, eucharistiam, matrimoniam, ordiiiemque recipiunt :
de ponnitentia parum sentiunt, de confirmatione et exti-ema unctione nihil. Mona-
chorum religionibus infestissimi sunt, inventionesque diabolicas asserunt esse.
Baptisma simplicis undo; volunt. Nullam aquam benedicunt. Cimiteria non
habent consecrata : cadavera niortuorum in campis, et ut digna sunt cum bestiis
sepeliuntur; vanuuiquc consent orare pro niortuis. Ecclesiai'um consecrationes
derident, et in omnibus locis passim conliciunt sacramcntum. Nulla major his
cura est quam sermonis audiendi. Si quis negligens est, domique torpet, aut
negotio ludove vacat, dum sermo est, virgis caulitur, ct intrare ut verbum Dei
audiat compellitur. Est illis doinus qux'dani lignea similis horreo ruris : hanc
templum appellant. Hie populo pradicant, hie legem per omnes dies exponunt,
hie altare unicum habent, neque consecratum, neque consecrandum, ex quo
sacramcntum piebibus exhibent. Saccrdotes nequn coronas ferunt, neque barbas
tondent: his Taborita; frumento, ccrevisia, lardo, leguminibus, liguis et omni
suppellectili nccessaria publice domum complent, et addunt in singula capita sin-
gulis mensibus sexagenam (60 Groschen),* ex qua ])isces, carnes recentcs, et si
velint vinum emant. — Fratres se inviceni appellabant, et quod uni defuit, alter
* [A copper coin, value at present somewhat le?"R than two cents. Tr.]
Chap. V. Reformers. § 151. Hussites from 1436 — 1517. 373
But after the reduction of Tabor by George Podiebrad, 1453,~i they
disappear entirely. In the mean time, however, their purer and more
spiritual doctrine had made some progress amongst the Calixtines
themselves, and hence sprung up a new party in Prague, A. D.
1450," at first favored by Rokyczaua,-^ adopting the religious notions
of the Taborites without their fimaticism and superstition. Their
numbers were soon much increased, especially by the accession of
subministravit : nunc sibi quisque vivit, et alius quidem esurit, alius autem ebrius
«St. — Reversi ad ingenium avaritiae jam oinnes student, et quia rapere ut olim
nequeunt, — luciis inhiant mercatura', soididosque sequuiitur quaestus. Sunt in
civitates ad quatuor niillia viroruni, qui possent educere g;ladium : sed artifices
facti lana ac tela ex magna parte victum quaerentes inutiles bello crediintur.
^neas was again in Tabor in the same year, and held there a disputation with
several of the clergy, also with one Nicholas, whom they called Episcopus,
which was attended by many of the citizens who were versed in the Latin tongue.
Nam perlidum genus illud hominum hoc solum boni habet, quia litteras amat.
21 Theobald, Th. 2. Cap. 19. S. 180.
2* See Jo. Lasitii (a Polish nobleman who joined the brethren about A. D. 1.580)
de origine et rebus gestis fratrum Bohemoruin libb. VIII. Lib. VIII. is printed,
qui est de moribus et institutis eorum. Adduntur tarnen reliquorum VII. libiorum
argumenta et particularia qutedam excerpta. ed. Jo. Jlmos, Comenius, 1C49. 8vo.,
new edition, Amst. 1060. Svo. The work is still extant in Ms. ; one copy was in
Baumgarten's possession, see his Nachrichten von nierkw. Büchern Bd. 6. S. 139.
Joach. Camerarii historica nairatio de fratrum orthodoxorum Ecclesiisin Bohemia,
Moravia, et Polonia (written about 1570), nunc priinum ed. Ludovicus Camerarius,
Heidelberg. (1605). 8vo. Systema historico-chronologicum Ecclesiarum Slavoni-
carum per provincias varias — distinclarum libb. IV. "opera Adriani Kegenvolscii
(i. e. Andreae Wengerscii). Traj. ad Rhen. 1652 and 1679. 4to. Jo. Jlmos Comenii
(Bishop of the Brethren in Poland, »f 1671 in Amsterdam) hist, fratrum Bohemo-
rum, eorum ordo et disciplina ecclesiastica. Anistelod. 1660. 8vo. cum pra?f. Jo. F.
Buddei. Hala;, 1702. 4to. D. Job. Gottlob Carpzous, Supcrintendant
in Lübeck, Religionsuntersiichung der böhm. u. mahrichen Brüder, von Anbeginn
ihrer Gemeinen his auf gegenwartige Zeiten. Leipzig 1472. 8vo. G. W. K.
Lochner 's Entstehung und erste Schicksale der Brüdergemeinde in Böhmen
und Währen, und Leben des Georg Israel, ersten Aeltesten der Brüdergemeinde
in Grosspolen. Nürnberg, 1832. 8vo.
-3 They were in fact set on by him at the time of his quarrel with the Pope,
and his nephew Gregory was one of their first leaders {Comenius ed. Budd. p. 14),
see Prima epist. Fratium ad Jo. Rokyzanum in Camerarius, p. 61 : Gratissimae
nobis, valdeque jucundaj tua fuei-unt conciones. Prinuim enim sedulo nos horta-
baris ad vitandum et fugiendum horribilcs errores Antichristi, his jam postremis
temporibus retecti. — Prsterea testabaris, Diabolum omnium Sacramentorum abu-
sum introduxisse, miserum vulgus falsam salutis spem in iis reposuisse. Monstrabas
denique, quomodo pii et veri Christiani saciamenta — percipere debeant. — Et
breviter tristissimum esse dicebas et miserum religionis statum, prajsertim eo anno,
cum Rex adolescens rerum potiretur (Ladislaus, 14.53). Nos vero his auditis
magno afficiebamur dolore. — Insuper cum videremus multa et varia dogmata
spargi, — perturbati erant aninii nostri, — ita ut nesciremus, utrum his vel ilHs
assentiri deberemus. — Commendabas nobis Petrum Chelezitium, quicum nos tan-
dem coUocuti sumus, ipsiusque scripta legimus, ac plurima demum turn inter
populum, male et extra ordinem fieri, facile perspeximus; ita ut etiam de te spem
minime bonam conceperimus, cum viderenuis, te sequi ea, qua; tua ipsius con-
scientia vitanda et fugienda esse judicarat. Cumque de his tecum colloqueremur,
tu hasc ad nos, Scio, inquisti, vos vera sentire : sed si mihi suscipienda est causa
vestri, eadem perferam convitia, in idem incurram dedecus, parique ignominia
afficiar necesse est. — Coacti sumus edere confessionem fidei nostra : ubi exposui-
mus, quid sentiremus de sacramento cccns Domini (nam de hoc potissimum capite
sententiam nostram sciscitabaris). — Nihil erat, cujus nos argueres, prater quod
ritus quosdam seu ceremonias ecclesiasticas permutaverimus.
374 Third Period. Div. V. A. D. 1409 — 1517,
many of the Taborites,-^ and having made much progress also in
Moravia,-^ they at length separated themselves entirely from the
church (1457) under the name of " ßrct/ircn of t/ic law of Chriat,
Brethren, United Brethren."-^ After George Podiebrad's accession
to the throne, when he, in conjunction with Rokyczana as Arch-
bishop, was using every effort to obtain from the Pope the recognition
of his claims, they thought it necessary to show their orthodoxy, by
persecuting the Brethren. At first RoUyczana prevailed on the king
to give them for their residence the remote district of Lilicz near
Leutomischl, in the Giant mountains (1461) ; but the new sect con-
tinuing to spread, instead of falling into obscurity, a severe persecu-
tion was commenced, which compelled them to conceal themselves in
deserts and caves through the remainder of the reign.-''' In the midst
of these persecutions, however, they completed their forms of govern-
ment, choosing their first elders at a solemn assembly in Lhota, A. D.
1467.-^ Under Wladislaus' administration they enjoyed more quiet,
^^ Esrom Rüdiger, Jo. Camerarius' son-in-law, Professor in Wittenberg, who
afterwards joined the brethren, and became a teacher in the Gymnasium at Evanzig
in Moravia, says in his Narratiuncula de fratrum orthodoxorum in Bohemia et
Moravia EcclesioUs, written 1579; see Camerarius, p. 159: Hoc tantum monebi-
mus, Taboritarum sen Taborensium nequaquani pudere nostras debere ((juod ali-
quibus tarnen accidisse jam olim, et nunc etiam accidere videtur), quosin majoribus
sui habeant atque recenseant. — Horum stirps sunt nostra; Ecclesiae, quicqiiid
dicant aut comniiniscantur ahqui. — Et qui postea Fi-atres, et tum Taborita; nomi-
nati sunt, — in iis sine dubio Taboritarum superstituin fuit aliquid, et multum
quidem : qui tamen Fi-atres non doctrinae, sed studii certi professione a Taboritis se
discriiuinare voluerunt. Territi enim clade et pene internecione Taborilai-um, et
nomen hoc aversati sunt, et armis pro se et suis propugnare amplius noUierunt
(quod tamen etiam tum non potuisse videntur), neque cum advcrsariis Pontiliciis
et Calixtinis disputando aut scribendo conflictari ipsis libuit, sed tantum veritatera
ad suos docere et sectari, et expectare atque ferre extrema etiam omnia.
2* The beginning of this community in this country was in Cremza, or Cromer-
zig. They were compelled by persecution to flee into Bohemia, see Lochner,
S. 25.
^ Prima Epist. Fratrum ad Rokyzanam, in Camerarius, p. 64 : Ne existimes,
quod propter ceremonias aliquas, vel ritus ab hominibiis institutos sejunxerimus
nos a vobis, sed propter malain et corruptam doctrinam. Si enim potuissemus
veram illam fidem in J. Chr. dominum nostrum apud vos conservare, nunquara
profecto secessionem banc tecissemus. Sed cum videremus, turn vos ministros,
turn populum his flagitiis et sceleribus contaminari, neque puram a vobis et inte-
gram usurpari religionem ; coacti sumus salutis nostras causa a ccetu vestro dis-
cedere, ne vel tanta scelera et facinoi-a vobiscum perpetrantes, vel saltem in iis
conniventes, asternas tandem pcrnas una vobiscum sustineremus. — Nos sine inter-
missione his temporibus turpissitne a saci-ificulis infamamur, qui negant nos habere
veram fidem de sacramento coiporis Christi, et hac ratione magnum acerbumque
imperitae multitudinis odium in nos concitant. Sed scias tu, et universi, nos ita
credere, quemadmodum Christus dixit, Apostoli scripserunt, et primitiva Ecclesia
docuit. Quod vero contrariutn excogitatum, aut additum, aut ad alium usum,
quam Christus voJuit, accommodatum est, hoc ex aniiiio aversamur.
*' Historia persequutionum Ecclesiae bohemicK (the place and the author not
given, probably by Joh. Amos Comenius) 1648. 12mo.
^ Camerarius, p. 92. Hist, persequutionum, cap. 20. §2-6, and Comenius
ed. Budd. p. 18. The Hist, persequut. and Comenius relate further that Michael
von Szamberg was then sent to the Waldensian bishop, Stephen, who had been
driven from France, and had established himself in Austria, to be consecrated as
V
Chap. V. Reformers. § 153. John Wesel 375
although the Calixtines made several attempts to gain them over.^s
They were joined by several of the nobles, under whose protection
they erected iioiises of prayer. Their doctrines are stated in the
Confession of Faith presented to king Wladislaus in A. D. 1504.""
30
*§, 152.
INDIVIDUAL ATTEMPTS AT REFORM.
The Councils of Constance and Basil had done much to spread
abroad the knowledge of the corruptions of the church, though the
view taken of its stale differed widely with different individuals. The
most fertile subject of complaint was the incapacity and the moral
corruption of the clergy. The Popes were ready enough to remedy
this, so far as consisted in renewing the old rules of discipline, but
whenever any reform was proposed for the court of Rome itself, their
resistance was most obstinate and bitter. Revolted at the growing
evil, there appeared from time to time individuals of powerful minds,
who, like the prophets of old, boldly rebuked the vices of the time,
and, like them, only too often fell victims to their zeal. In Flanders
bishop. Concerning the pretended Apostolic decree of those bishops, see § 87.
It is very remarkable, however, that Camerarius should have taken r.o notice of
this circumstance, notwithstanding his mention of Stephen, p. 116.
29 Lochner, S. 38.
30 In three letters to the king, A. D. 1504, 1507, and 1508, in the Fasciculus
reruni expetend et fiigiendarijm ed. Edw. Brown, p. 162 seq., and in Balth.
Lydii WaKlensia (T. I. Roterod. 1616. II. Dordraci, 1617. 8vo.) T. II. p. 1 seq.
They dwell njoi-e on the points of agreement between them and the Catholic
church, than on those of ditference : of these last they speak most openly in the
third lettei-, Excusatio contra binas literas D. Augustini datas ad Regem. With
regard to the communion they lepeatedly explain their doctrine thus: quando
Presbyter rite ordinatus verba testimonii Christi expresserit, continuo panis est
corpus Christi verum, naturale, ex castissima virgine sumptum, similiter vinum
sanguis est naturalis corporis ejus. Nevertheless they deny (Excusatio in the
Fascic. p. 182 seq.) the doctrine of transubstantiation, and the worship of the
Eucharist. They maintain that the body of Christ est in Sacramento per aliara
existentiam quam in dextris Dei. p. 184. cum suo substantiali assumpto corpore,
quocum sedet nunc ad dexterarn Dei, non potest multiplicari : — et non potest
corporaliter sumi a fidelibus animabus, sed solum spii'ifualiter. — Quamvis Christus
non est hie cum corpore naturali : — est tamen spiritualiter, potenter, benedicte, in