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GRANDMA'S HELPER.
MAIDENHOOD AND MOTHERHOOD;
OR
TEN PHASES OF WOMAN'S LIFE.
HOW TO PROTECT THE HEALTH, CONTRIBUTE TO THE PHYSICAL
AND MENTAL DEVELOPMENT, AND INCREASE
THE HAPPINESS OF WOMANKIND.
JOHN D. WEST, M. D.
LAW, KING & LAW PUBLISHING HOUSE,
CHICAGO;
SAN FRANCISCO, CAI..; PORTLAND, ORE. AUSTIN, TEX.;
LITTLE ROCK, ARK.; DENVER, COL.
CHICAGO, ILL.:
WESTERN PUBLISHING HOUSE,
1887.
COPYRIGHTED 1886
BY
JOHN D. WEST, M. D.
PREFACE.
THERE is no higher study for womankind than
woman. There is no way in which the women of
to-day can so well or surely help themselves and
those about them and confer lasting benefits upon
their children and their race as by learning to
understand their own delicate organizations and
how best to cherish and protect them. Mothers
mold the characters of their sons and daughters,
by their early training or by want of it, either for
good or for evil. Even the best mothers, either
through mistaken delicacy or want of information,
often neglect to instruct their daughters in those
matters about which they most need to know. The
little girl realizes that she is not a boy; she does
not know why. She changes to maidenhood with-
out realizing the great purpose which Nature is
working out, and often comes to womanhood
without more than suspecting the grave responsi-
bility of living and giving life. Her children die in
infancy and she is tempted to blame Providence
for afflictions which it might have been within her
power to avert. If they grow to mature years it
may be with a weak constitution or imperfect
health, which had their cause and beginning in her
own lack of information before they were born.
3
4 PREFACE.
It may be that they are afflicted with blemishes or
deformities that might have been prevented, but
which are now beyond the reach of simple and
effective cure. If it so be that they grow up to
perfect manhood and womanhood, she passes on
to the evening of life secure in their protection and
grateful to that Divine power which has thus
blessed her among women.
In a busy practice of more than thirty years as
a family physician, I have been frequently, almost
constantly, impressed with the fact that much of the
pain and many of the disappointments and failures
of life might be avoided if mothers were better
informed both as to themselves, their own needs,
and those of their children. So impressed, and
believing that I can render no better service to my
Creator or my fellow-creatures, I have endeavored
to set down in the following pages the results of
my own study and observation, in the hope of
securing better health and greater happiness to
women and their children, by instructing them fully
as to the nature of those peculiarly feminine func-
tions ; the requirements of their organizations
during the various stages of development ; by teach-
ing them in language chaste and delicate, but plain
and unmistakable, how to fulfill the duties and
avoid the dangers of maidenhood and mother-
hood.
THE AUTHOR.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
THE INFANT,
What It Is and What It May Become, Its Helplessness, the Embryo
Man or Woman, the Copy of Its Parents, Inherits Physical Qualities from
Both Parents, It May Be Improved by Training, Correction of Deformities,
Removal of Constitutional Defects, Intellectual Keenness and Moral
Rectitude Developed Hygiene of Infancy, Importance of Knowing the
Laws of Health, Necessity for Rigid Enforcement, Relation Between the
Mind and the Body, Care of Infant Should Begin at Birth, Why the New-born
Child Cries, Temperature of the Room, Cleansing the New-born Infant,
Applying " the Bandage," Dressing the Child Baths in General, Importance
of Cleanliness, Dangers of too Frequent Bathing, the Use of Soap, Tempera-
ture of the Water, the Bath Tub, Proper Time for Bathing, Soothing Effects
of Evening Bath, Cold Water Bath, When Allowable, Dressing After the
Bath Clothing, Regard to Season and Climate, Should Be Soft and Warm,
Should not Compress the Internal Organs, Allow Free Exercise of the Limbs,
Comfort of the Child to Be Considered, the Long Dressing-robe, Proper
Material to Be Used, Body Should Be Equally Protected, Protecting the
Lower Limbs, Folly and Dangers of Maternal Vanity Sleeping, Necessity
for Great Amount of, a Separate Cot, Location of the Cot, Regularity of,
Importance and Necessity of, How Secured, Proper Time For, the Sleeping-
room, Exclusion of Light and Noise, Sleeping Potions, Baneful Effect of
Drugs, Causes of Wakefulness, Care of Sleeping-robes and Cot Rocking or
Exercise, Exercise Essential to Health, Why Infants are Soothed By, the
Effect of Habit, Danger of too Violent, Open-air Exercise, Effect of Sudden
Changes of Temperature Feeding or Nursing Infants, When to Begin,
the First Mother's Milk, Pernicious Effects of Artificial Purgatives, the
Natural Laxative, Proper Cases for Artificial Purging Food of Infants,
the Natural Provision, the Mother's Milk the Best, When This Should Not
Be Given, the Best Substitutes, Quantity and Mode of Giving, Frequency of
Nursing, Dangers of Over-feeding, Effects of Excessive Nursing, Regularity ol^
Nursing During the Night, Care of the Child Dmring the Night, Necessity of
5
6 TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Rest and Sleep for the Mother The Nursery, Importance of, Arrangement,
Situation and Management of, Importance of Light and Pure Air, Bright and
Cheerful Outlook Desirable, Southern Exposure Preferable, Beneficial Effects
of Sunlight, Deleterious Effect of Imperfect Sanitary Conditions, Dangers of
a Vitiated Atmosphere, Equable Temperature Desirable, Best Manner and
Means of Heating, Overheating Should Be Avoided Weaning, Proper
Time to Begin, Health of the Mother, Robustness and Development of the
Child, Indications of Teething, Dangers of Premature and of Delayed Wean-
ing, Gradual Process of, Nature, Quality and Quantity of First Artificial
Food, Dangers of too Frequent Feeding, Growth of Appetite to Be Regarded,
Rich and Highly-seasoned Diet to be Avoided Artificial Nursing, the
Wet-nurse, Care in Selection of, Should Be Strong and Healthy, Physical
Qualities Desirable in, Temper and Disposition Are Important, Dangers of
Feeding Children, Natural Method Should Be Imitated in Feeding by Hand,
Care of the Nursing-bottle, Regularity in Using the Bottle, Good Milk Should
Be Procured, Gradual Use of Other Food Teething, Symptoms of Approach
of, Indications of, First Stage, the Second Stage, the Natural Process, Why
Accompanied by Dangers, Care of Child During, Open-air Exercise, Frequent
Bathing, Dieting, the First Teeth, First Period of Teething, Second Dentition,
Importance of the Teeth, Use of in Mastication, Contribute Beauty and
Symmetry, Aid in Articulation, the Care of the Teeth, Regular Cleansing,
Dangers in Using Patent Nostrums, a Good Dentifrice Diseases of Infancy,
Causes of, Convulsions and Treatment of, Sore Mouth, Causes and Cure of
Costiveness, Worms and Treatment For, Diphtheria, Sore Eyes, Earache,
Chafing, Nose-bleed, Urinary Troubles, Colds, Croup, Whooping-cough and
Its Complications and Treatment, Vaccination Learning to Walk, Time to
Begin, Care and Patience in 17 to 1 18
THE CHILD.
General Causes of Disease Resulting from Errors in Diet, the Two
Great Offices of Food, Amount Required Variable, no Infallible Rule,
Different Kinds Required, the Digestive Operation, the Essential Elements
of Food, Preparation for Use, Proper Purpose of Food, Meat for Children,
When to Commence Using Meat, Solid and Liquid Food, Methods of
Cooking Meat, Bread, Different Kinds of Flour, the Process of Baking Wheat
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 7
Bread, Corn Bread, Puddings, Potatoes, Beneficial Quantities of Vegetables,
of Fruits, Functions of the Stomach as Affected by Food, Influence of the
Mind on the Digestive Process, Proper Food Regimen for School-girls,
General Causes of Disease from Diet, Normal Condition of the System, Study
of Physical Laws, Deleterious Effect of Luxurious Diet and Social Dissipation,
Comparative Health of Rich and Poor Children, Errors in Dress as Causes of
Disease, Effects of Improper Clothing Amusements, Important to Physical
Development, to Proper Intellectual Training, Mistakes of Parents with
Regard to, Various Kinds of, In-door and Out-door Recreations, Mental and
Physical Exercise Should be Considered Equally, Sound Mind Requires a
Sound Body, Exhilaration of Out-door Games Moral Training, Importance
of Good Moral Character, Inheritance of Moral Qualities, Dawn of Moral
Intelligence, Evidences of the Existence of Moral Perception, How the Moral
Emotions are Reached, Development of the Internal Emotions, Duty of
Parents to Cultivate, When to Commence Moral Education, Evil Effects of
Indulging Whims and Caprices, Dual Process of Moral Training, the Key
to Successful Government and Training, Commanding Influence of Parents,
Imitative Disposition of Children, Supreme Faith of Children in Parents,
Intuitive Perception of Truth and Falsehood, Necessity of Setting Good
Example Before Children, Pernicious Effects of Bad Example, Immoral
Practices Learned from Playmates and Nurses, Means of Correcting Evil
Influences, Conduct of Parents Should be Exemplary, Various Causes Which
Influence the Child-mind, Necessity of Constant Watchfulness of Parents
Dress, its Effect Upon the Mind and Disposition of the Child, Mistakes
of Parents with Regard to Dress of Their Children, Primary Object of
Clothing, Adapted to the Functional Operations of the Body, Injurious
Effects of Improperly Constructed Clothing, Sensitiveness of Children with
Regard to, the Influence of Fashion on, Its Effect Upon the Life and
Character of the Child Government of Childhood, Parenthood Involves
Obligations, Parents are Natural Teachers and Rulers, Necessity of Discipline,
Evil Results of Lack of Discipline, Abortive Discipline, When to Commence
Effects of Delay, How Long to Continue, Undue Severity and Unlimited
Indulgence, Authority Tempered with Kindness, Training Should Include
Physical, Mental and Moral Nature, the Religious Nature of the Child, When
to Commence Religious Training, Proper Methods of Conducting. .119 to 174.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PUBERTY.
Definition of Puberty, What It Is, Changes Wrought By, The Sign of
The Menses, Evidence of Approach, Duration of, Symptoms of First
Menstruation, Precautions to Be Taken, Age at Which Menstruation Begins,
Effect of Race and Climate on, Menstruation in Tropical Climates, Influence
of Temperament on, Habits of Life on, Effects of the Excitation of Certain
Emotions, Dangers to the General Health, Influence of Constitutional Tenden-
cies, Care of the Health During, Attention to Dieting, Effect of Stimulants,
Beneficial Influences of Exercise, Length of Interval Between Periods, Varia-
tions from the Rule, Length of Menses, Exceptional Cases, Office of the
Menses in Procreation, the Ovaries, Normal Condition of Menstruation-
Disorders in Menstruation, Two General Causes of Functional Disorder,
Temperament and Menstruation, Quantity and Quality of Food Used, How
Rich Living Effects Menstruation, Effects of Breathing Vitiated Air, of Insuffi-
cient Exercise, of Loss of Sleep Amenorrhea, What It Is, the Two Principal
Causes of, Symptoms of from Constitutional and Accidental Causes, Local
Symptoms, External Evidences of the Gravity of the Complaint When Neg-
lected or Improperly Treated, the Hygienic Treatment of, Medical Treatment
of Menorrhagia, What It Is, the Three Phases of, Variations in Menstrual
Discharge and Causes of, Different Kinds of Women Liable to, the General
Causes of, Hygienic Treatment of, Medical Treatment of Dysmenorrhea,
What It Is, Nature and Importance of the Complaint, the Symptoms of, the
Five Varieties of, Hygienic Treatment of, Class of Women Most Subject to
Diseases from Derangement of Menses, Chlorosis, Nature and Causes
of, Symptoms, Treatment of, Chorea, When First Known, Character and Symp-
toms of, Persons Most Subject to, the Common Evidences of, Treatment of,
Hysteria, General Ignorance of, Annoyance of, the General Causes of, Some
Immediate Causes of, Persons Most Liable to Attack, Cases Specified, Other
Diseases Aggravated by, Some Effects Produced by, Remarkable Peculiarities
of, Other Complaints Mistaken for, General Symptoms of, Liability of Decep-
tion in Symptoms, Peculiar Cases Enumerated, Treatment of, Dangers of
Neglecting, Reasons Why It Is Neglected, the Hygienic Treatment, General
Exhaustion, Symptoms of, Effects of Protracted, Treatment of, Hygienic-
Care 175 to 240
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 9
THE MAIDEN.
General Remarks, the Untrammeled Freedom of Childhood, the Mysteri-
ous Changes Wrought in Puberty, the Fading Away of Childhood, the Dawn
of Womanhood, the Birth of New Desires, Hopes and Experiences, the
Mystery of Sex Accomplishments, Mistaken Notion of, Naturalness of,
True and False, Importance and Necessity of, Utility Not the Sole End of
Education, Nature and Extent of True and Desirable, Errors in Obtaining,
the Eminent Desirableness of Engagements^When to Make, the Impor-
tance of in Courtship, Reasons Which Determine the Length of, Effect of on
Courtship, When to Be Broken, Physiological Reasons Against Long Love
at First Sight, the Rule of Love, Exceptions to the Rule, Importance of
Discriminating Between Love and Passion Love, What It Is, Its Origin and
Inspiration, as Defined by the Greeks, Passionate Impulse and True Love,
Physical and Moral, Involuntariness of Courtship, Definition of, Blissfulness
of, Essential Purpose of, A Study of Suitableness, Determines the Happiness
or Unhappiness of Marriage, False Views of, Unhappy Results of False, When
Proper to Begin, How Long to Continue How to Select a Husband,
Importance of the Question, Points to Be Considered, Consanguinity, Con-
stitution, Health, Race, Temperament, Education, Habits Qualifications
of a Husband, Filial Love, Kindness, Purity, Temperance, Industry and
Frugality, Business, Not Jealous, Moral and Religious Marriage, Proper
Time of the Year, the Time of the Month for The Wedding, What Is
Included in the Term, the Bride's Relations to, Proper Place for, Labor
Entailed on the Bride, Invitation of Guests, Trials of the Ceremony, the Wed-
ding Feast, the Bridal Tour, the Best Way to Spend the Honeymoon The
Marriage Contract, Importance of, the Divine Institution of Marriage,
Effect of Marriage on Longevity Divorce, When and Why Allowed, the
Growing Frequency of, When Proper Subsequent Marriage, the Sad Lot of
Widowhood, Reasons for a Second Marriage, the Affection of Second Mar-
riages Sacredness of Marriage, Viewed as a Divine Institution, Considered
as a Social Compact, Mutual Absorption in Marriage, Claims Which Each
Holds Upon the Other, Mutual Necessity of Faith and Faithfulness The
New Home, the Wedding Festivities Ended, Setting Up the New Home,
the Characteristics of a Happy Home, the Home Instinct, the Part of the
Wife in the Home, the Pleasures of Home-making, the Happy
Qneen 241 to 330
IO TABLE OF CONTENTS.
THE WIFE.
The New Epoch, Eager Anticipations, the Seriousness of the Step, Giv-
ing up the Old Life, the Unrevealed Future, New Associations and Experiences,
New Friends and Strange Scenes, Relations of Birth Superseded by Those of
Choice, the Blessedness of a Happy Choice The Marriage Chamber, Loca-
tion of In the Home, Furniture and Arrangements of, Ventilation and Sanitary
Appointments, First Occupation of The Marriage Bed, Nature's Sweet
Restorer, Constituents of a Good, Proper Care of, Sanitary Objection to Cer-
tain Kinds of Marital Relations and Privileges, Nature of the Relation
of Husband aud Wife, Naturalness and Necessity of Such Relation, Changes
Wrought in Maiden by, Embarrassment of New Wife, Unwarranted Test of
Purity, Congeniality and Exclusiveness, Connubial Faithfulness Proper and
Improper Sexual Indulgence, Rights and Duties of the Marital State, the
Order of Life-Production, Baneful Effects of Improper Indulgence, the Rule
Among the Lower Animals, Physiological Necessity of Indulgence, Various
Theories Concerning the Regulation of, Continence Beneficial, Creative Power
of Woman, Her Rights in the Conjugal Relation Physical and Moral
Effects of Excess, the Common Experience, the Ignorance of the New Wife,
Modesty and Prudery, False Notions of True Love, the True Conception, Vic-
tims of Legalized Lust Painful Congress, an Abnormal Condition, Causes
Which Produce, Remedies for Offspring, the Prime Purpose of Marriage,
Essential to a Happy Home, the Expectation of, the Blessings of, Depth of
Affection for Should Offspring Be Limited ? Importance of the Question,
Inferences from Nature, Subsidiary Questions, Facts to Be Considered Regard-
ing, the Proper Conclusion, Objections to, Difficulties Surrounding the Subject,
Misconceptions of Divine Teachings, Evil Results from Immoderate Child-
BearingExtent to Which Offspring Should Be Limited, No General
Rule, Physiological Considerations Involved, Law of Limitation in Certain
Cases, Constitutional Tendencies Considered In, Over-fecundity, Good and
Bad Results of Child-bearing Proper Methods of Limiting Offspring,
Delicacy of the Question, False Notions Regarding, Justification in Using,
Injustice and Injury in Neglecting, the Duty of Self-Restraint, Natural Pro-
visions for Improper Methods, Moral and Physiological Aspects of, Menace
to Conjugal Peace and Happiness, Fceticide, Abortion, Alarming Prevalence
of, Infamous Criminality of, Cases from Real Life Related, Common Methods
TABLE OF CONTENTS. II
*
of Abortion Used, Dangers of Barrenness, Deplorable Condition, Causes
Which Tend to Produce, Temporary and Permanent, Means for Removal
of 331 10408
MATERNITY.
Pregnancy, Process of Conception Explained, Necessary Conditions to,
Changes of the Uterus Which Follow, First Symptoms of, General Indications
Enumerated and Explained, the Indigestion of, Constipation and Diarrhea,
Changes in the Breasts During, Appearance of the Abdomen, Quick-
ening, Beating of the Fatal Heart, General Appearance Discom-
forts of Pregnancy, Heartburn, the Cause and Cure, Toothache,
Affections of the Mind, Nervous Affections Duration of Pregnancy, the
Common Period, Some Remarkable Exceptions Noted, Earlier and Later
Pregnancies The Unborn Child, What May Be Known of It, Determination
of Its Sex, Singular Cases Related, the Production of Sex at Will Twins, An
Unnatural Production, Persons Most Liable to Bear, Causes Which Lead to
the Bearing of Second Pregnancies, Explanation of Meaning, Difficulties
in Determining, Some Remarkable Cases Recited, the Moral Aspects of the
Question, Sex and Twins Before Birth Hygiene of Pregnancy, No Special
Change in Diet Required, Evil Effects of Unwise Gossips on the Mother and
Child, Imprudence of Anxiety, the Best Friends and Counselors, Pleasant
Surroundings, Proper and Improper Food, Quantity and Manner of Wearing
Clothing, Amount and Nature of Exercise, Ventilation of the Dwelling-rooms,
Care of the Nipples, the Sleeping-room, Company Desirable and Undesirable,
the Gratification of Fancies Inheritance, Different Kinds of Misfortunes
to the Child During Pregnancy, Influence of the Mother on the Unborn
Child, Necessity for Care and Economy of Vital Forces, Effect of Mental
Impressions, Unnatural Developments, Curious Cases Related, Birthmarks
Explained Miscarriage, When Most Likely to Occur, How Early a Fretus
May Live, Causes of Miscarriage, General Symptoms of, Preventive Treat-
ment Relation of Husband and Wife During Pregnancy, Various Opin-
ions Held Concerning, the Best and Safest Plan, Difficulties in Adhering
to .409 10476
12 TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CONFINEMENT.
Preparation For Confinement, Symptoms of Approach, The Bed-
Chamber, Location of, The Bed, Arrangement of, Temporary Dressing of the
Bed, Attendants-. Actual Labor, Symptoms of the Approach of, First Pains
of, " A Sick Labor," Pains of First Stage, Nature of, Character of Labor in
Second Stage, "A Dry Birth," the Third Stage of Labor, Expulsion of the
Placenta, Methods of Removing the Placenta Attention to Be Given
Mother and Child, Food and Stimulants During First Stage, Aids in
Delivery, Danger from Hemorrhages and Convulsions, Tying and Cutting the
Navel Cord, Wrappings for the New-born Infant, Application of the Binder
Hemorrhages, Accidental, In Placenta Pr^via, Before Delivery. Premonitions
of Hemorrhage After Delivery, Treatment of, Treatment of Placenta Pravia
Version, Conditions Making it Necessary, Difficult in Absence of Liquor
Amnii, Method of Performing 477 to 500
THE MOTHER.
Her Responsibility, Feelings of the New-made Mother, Care of the
Mother After Child-birth, Darkening the Room, Attendance, Flooding and
Convulsions Consequences of Child-birth Putting the Child to Breast,
First Effects of on the Child, Advantages of to the Mother, Device for Devel-
oping the Nipples, Care of the Breasts During Pregnancy Child-birth, How-
to Care for the Mother After, Cleanliness Essential, Avoid Erect Position,
Changing the Clothing of the Mother, Preparation to Leave the Bed, Proper
Time for, Laxative for Moving the Bowels, Abundant Supply of Fresh Air for
the Lying-in Chamber, the Evil Effects of Imperfect Ventilation, an Illustra-
tion of, Covering of theBed, Should Combine Lightness, Warmth and Porosity,
How to Change the Linen, Dressing the Mother's Hair, How and When it
Should Be Done, Food Directions for Nursing, Benefits of Mother Nur-
sing Her Own Child, Circumstances Rendering It Impossible or Unadvisable,
Regularity in Nursing, How to Prevent or Overcome Deformities, Influence
of Diet on the Mother's Milk, Influence of Menstruation, Influence of the
Mind The Wet-nurse, Qualifications of a Good Nurse, Wet-nursing, the
Necessity of, Selection of the Wet-nurse Excessive Lactation, How to Pre-
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 13
rent, ) Directions for Arresting the Secretion of Milk, Pain of the Breasts from
Over-distention, Remedy for Deficient Lactation, Causes of, How to Over-
come Suppression of Milk, by Suction, by Topical Applications, by Electricity
The Relation of Husband and Nursing Wife, Should Continence Be
Observed During Period of Lactation ? 501 to 534
MATURE WOMANHOOD.
The " Climacteric Period," Change of Life Defined, Cessation of a
Physical Function, Reproductive Period of Woman's Life, Length of, Early
Cessation of Menses, Incidents Attending Change of Life, Tendency to Certain
Changes and Diseases, Much Physical and Mental Disturbance, Preparation
for the Approaching Change, the Food, What It Should Consist of, Importance
of Rest, Close Observation of the Laws of Hygiene Necessary, Placidity of
Mind, Cessation of Menses Physiologically Considered, Result of Weil-
Defined Natural Laws, Suffering Caused by Disobeying Laws of Health
Death of the Husband, Influence of upon the Wife, Desolation of the
Widow, Health of Widows as Compared to Others, Beneficial Effects of
Marriage on Many Women 535 to 546
CELIBACY.
Advantages and Disadvantages, " It Is Not Good for Man to Be
Alone," Paul the First Celibate, Regarded by Him from Religious Standpoint,
the Law of Nature on the Subject, Marriage as a Factor in Human Life,
Health of Married Women Compared to Unmarried, Testimony of Physicians
and Social Statisticians, Certain Class of Ailments Cured by Marriage, Child-
Bearing the End of Woman's Being, Exception to these General Rules
Advantages of Single Life, Free from Domestic Cares, Time for Cultiva-
tion of the Mind, Free from Pains and Dangers Peculiar to Maternity, Many
Occupations Now Open to Women, Social Advantages of the Unmarried