was president and professor of mental and moral
science at Jefferson college, 1862-65 ; professor of
mental and moral science, 1865-68 : pastor at the
college church, Canorisburg. Pa.. 1863-68. and
pastor at Martinsburg, YV. Va., 1868-79. He was
married in 1828 to Elizabeth, daughter of the
Rev. Matthew and Mary (Elaine) Brown of Can-
onsburg. Pa. The honorary degree of D.D. was
conferred on him by Marshall college. Penn
sylvania, in 1843. and that of LL.D. by Rutgers
college, New Jersey, in 1863. He died in Martins-
burg. West Va.. July 16, 1888.

RIDDLE, George, elocutionist, was born in
Charlestown, Mass., Sept. 22,1851 ; son of Edward
and Charlotte (Cutter) Riddle ; grandson of
James and Mary (Gray) Riddle and of Edward
and Elizabeth (Nutting) Cutter. He was pre
pared for college at the Chauncy Hall school in
Boston, and was graduated at Harvard in 1874.
He made his first appearance as a reader in Bos
ton in 1874, and his debut as an actor at Norwich,
Conn., in December, 1874, as Romeo, which role
he played the following year in Boston, Mass.,
supported by Mrs. Thomas Barry and a stock
company. He afterward played Titus to the
Brutus of Edwin Booth ; was subsequently en
gaged as a member of the Boston Museum stock
company, which was followed by an engagement
as leading juvenile of a Montreal stock company,
and by a season at the Chestnut Street theatre,
Philadelphia. Pa. He was an instructor in elocu
tion at Harvard, 1878-81. and appeared in the
title role of " CEdipus Tyraiinus " of Sophocles at
Harvard in May, 1881, which was the first pro
duction in the United States of a Greek play in the
original. He gave Shakespearean and other read
ings in the principal cities in the United States
after 1881, the most successful of which were
"Midsummer-Night s Dream" with Mendels
sohn s music, and "Hamlet "and Macbeth".
He contributed to the newspaper press and the
Youth s Companion and edited : "George Riddle s
Readings" (1889), and "A Modern Reader and
Speaker" (1899).
1476]



RIDDLE



RIDDLEBERGER



RIDDLE, George Read, senator, was born in
Newcastle, Del., in 1817 ; a descendant of George
Read, the signer. He was educated at Delaware
college, studied engineering, and was engaged in
locating and constructing railroads and canals in
Delaware, Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia,
1840-48. He was admitted to the Delaware bar
in 1848 ; settled in practice in Newcastle ; served
as deputy attorney-general of Newcastle county,
1848-50 ; was a commissioner to retrace Mason
and Dixon s line in 1849 ; a Democratic represent
ative from Delaware in the32d and 33d congresses,
1851-55, and was defeated for the 34th congress
in 18.14. He was chairman of the committee oil
engraving and of the special committee on the
Peruvian Guano question in the 32d and 33d.
congresses. He was a delegate to the Demo
cratic national conventions of 1844, 1848 and
1856. and was elected to the U. S. senate in 1864,
to rill the vacancy caused by the resignation of
James A. Bayard, serving from Feb. 2, 1864, until
his death in Washington. D.C., March 29, 1867.

RIDDLE, Matthew Brown, educator, was
bom in Pittsburg, Pa., Oct. 17, 1836; son of
David Hunter (q.v.) and Elizabeth Blaine
(Brown) Riddle ; grandson of the Rev. Matthew
(q.v.) and Mary (Blaine) Brown : great-grandson
of Matthew Brown, a Revolutionary soldier, and
great 2 -grandson of John Brown, whose father,
John Brown of Priesthill, Scotland, the martyr
covenanter, known as the " Christian Carrier,"
was shot in 1685 by Graham of Claverhouse, at
Priesthill, in the presence of his wife and little
son, John. Mr. Riddle was graduated from
Jefferson college, A.B., 1852, A.M., 1855, and
from the New Brunswick Theological seminary
in 1859. He was adjunct professor of Greek at
Jefferson college, 1857-58 ; was licensed to
preach, May 26, 1859, and served during the civil
war as chaplain of the 2d regiment of New Jer
sey militia. He was married, Aug. 21, 1862, to
Anna M. Walther of Heidelberg, Germany. He
was pastor at Hoboken, N.J. , 1862-65; Newark,
N.J., 1865-68: professor of New Testament ex
egesis at Hartford Theological seminary, 1871-87,
and professor of New Testament exegesis at
Western Theological seminary, Allegheny, Pa.,
from 1887. He was an original member of the
American Company for New Testament Revision
in 1871 and of the assembly s committee for re
vising the proof texts of Westminster Standards,
and also of the Committee for Revising the Con
fession of Faith (1890). The honorary degree of
D.D. was conferred on him by Franklin and
Marshall college in 1870, and by the College of
New Jersey at the Sesqui-centennial celebration
in 1896, and that of LL.D. by the Western Uni
versity of Pennsylvania in 1894. He translated
and edited the epistles to the Romans, Galatians,



Ephesians and Colossians in the American edition
of Lange s Commentary (1869, new edit., 1886) ;
edited the gospels of Mark and Luke for the
American edition of Meyer s commentary ( 1884) ;
revised and edited Edward Robinson s " Greek
Harmony of the Gospels" (1885), and Robinson s
"English Harmony" (1886). He contributed to
Schaff s Popular Illustrated Commentary on the
New Testament" (1878-83) ; and to Coxe s edi
tion of the " Ante-Nicene Fathers" (2 vols.), to
Schaff s " Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers " (2
vols.), and with the Rev. John E. Todd. prepared
the notes on the International Sunday -School
Lessons for the Congregational Publishing society
of Boston, 1877-81 ; and from 1894 wrote on the
Lessons from the New Testament in the Sunday
School Times, Philadelphia. In 1903 he was one
of the two surviving members of the American
company who prepared the "Standard Edition
of the Revised NewTestament " (1901) ; the other
being Ex-President Timothy Dwight of Yale.

RIDDLEBERGER, Harrison Holt, senator,
was born in Edinburg, Va., Oct. 4, 1844 ; son of
Madison and Susan (Shryock) Riddleberger and
grandson of Jacob and Amelia (Heiskel) Shryock.
He studied under a private tutor, and in March,
1862, raised a company for the Confederate army
and entered the service as 2d lieutenant of in
fantry. He took part in the Richmond, Mary
land and Pennsylvania campaigns ; was promoted
captain, and transferred to the cavalry ; was cap
tured, and held as a prisoner of war from July,
1864. He returned to Edinburg in April, 1865,
where he became editor of The Tenth Legion
Banner. He married Nov. 29, 1866, Emma V. ,
daughter of Peter and Elizabeth (Samuels) Belew
of Edinburg. He represented Shenaiidoah county
in the Virginia legislature, 1871-75. He was ad
mitted to the bar in 1875, and settled in practice
in Woodstock. He served as commonwealth s
attorney for Shenaiidoah county, 1876-80 ; was a
presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in
1876, and on the Readjuster ticket in 1880 ; a
member of the Virginia senate, 1876-81, where he
served as chairman of the committee on Federal
relations, and as a member of that 011 courts of
justice. He became editor of the Virginian, a
Republican newspaper, published in Woodstock
in 1881, having previously edited the Shenandoah
Democrat. He was elected to the United States
senate in 1881, and served in that body, 1883-89,
all of the time as chairman of the committee on
manufactures, and as a member of the committee
on naval affairs, on the District of Columbia and
on education and labor. He labored actively for
the rejection of the proposed extradition treaty
with Great Britain, for which he received resolu
tions of thanks from Irish societies of the United
States. He died in Woodstock, Va., Jan. 24, 1890.



[477]



RIDEIXG



RIDGELY



RIDEING, William Henry, editor, was born
in Liverpool, Eng., Feb. 17. 1853 ; son of William
and Emma Rideing. Losing both parents early
in boyhood, he joined relatives in Chicago, where
he remained until 1870. In 1870 he procured
temporary employment as secretary to Samuel
Bowles, editor of the Springfield (Mass.) Repub
lican, and held for long periods editorial posi
tions on the Newark (N.J.) Journal and the Boston
Journal. He was an assistant editor of the New
York Tribune from 1871-74. and for two years
(1875-77) was special correspondent of the New
York Times with the Wheeler exploring expedi
tion. In that capacity he traveled about 4.00C
miles in the saddle through the then unsettled
regions of Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and
Nevada. He became associate editor of the
Youth s Companion in 1881, a position which he
still retained in 1903, and in 1888 was made mana
ging editor of the North American Review without
interrupting his relations with the Companion.
He was married in March, 1887, to Margaret
Elinor, daughter of C. E. and Ellen Backus of
Worcester, Mass. He is the author of : American
Authors (1875); A Saddle in the Wild West (1879) ;
Tlie Alpenstock (1879) ; Boys Coastwise (1884);
Young Folk s History of London (1884) ; A Little
Upstart, a novel (1885) ; Thackeray s London
(1885); Boyhood of Living Authors (1887); In the
Land of Lorna Doone (1895); The Captured Cru
sader (1896); Boyhood of Famous Authors (1897) ;
Boys in tJie Mountains and on the Plains ; At
Haivarden with Mr. Gladstone, and many con
tributions to periodicals.

RIDGAWAY, Henry Bascom, clergyman and
educator, was born in Talbot county, Md., Sept.
7, 1830 ; son of James and Mary (Jump) Ridga-
way, and grandson of Thomas Ridgaway and of
Alumleis Jump. He was graduated from Dick
inson college, Carlisle, Pa., A.B., 1849: admitted
to the Baltimore conference of the Methodist
Episcopal church, 1850, and was married, Feb. 22,
1855, to Rosamond, daughter of Merritt and Rosa
mond (Cushman) Caldwell of Carlisle, Pa. He
labored in Maryland ; was pastor of High Street
church, Baltimore, 1855-57 ; Portland, Maine,
1858-60 ; St. Paul s church, New York city and
vicinity, and in Cincinnati, 1860-80. He was
professor of historical theology in Garrett Bibli
cal institute, Evanston, 111., 1882-84, and held
the presidency and professorship of practical
theology there from 1884 until his death. He
received from Dickinson the degree of D.D. in
1868 and that of LL.D. in 1889. His travels in
cluded a trip to the Holy Land, 1873-74, and one
around the world in which he was accompanied
by his wife, 1892-93. The first is partly described
in Tlie Lord s Land: A Narrative of Travels in
Sinai and Palestine (1876). His other publica



tions include the biographies of : Alfred Coolcman
(1871); Bishop Edward S. Janes (1882); Bishop
Beverly Waugh (1883): Bishop Matthew Simpson
(1885). He died in Evanston, 111., March 30. 1895.

RIDGELEY, Charles Goodwin, naval officer,
was born in Baltimore, Md., in 1784. He was
warranted midshipman, U.S.N., Oct. 19. 1799 ;
served in the Tripolitan war under Preble, 1804-
05, and was the recipient of a sword and a vote
of thanks for gallantry. He was commissioned
lieutenant, Feb. 2, 1807 ; master commandant,
July 24, 1813, and captain, Feb. 28. 1815. He
commanded the brig Jefferson on Lake Ontario,
in 1814, and the Erie and Independence in the
Mediterranean squadron, 1815-17, and served as
flag officer of the W T est Indian squadron, 1827-30,
engaged in protecting the commerce of the Uni
ted States and in suppressing piracy. He com
manded the navy yard at Brooklyn, N.Y., 1832-
39, and was flag officer, Brazil squadron, 1840-42.
He died in Baltimore, Md.. Feb. 8, 1848.

RIDGELY, Charles, governor of Maryland,
was born in Baltimore, Md., Dec. 6, 1760; son of
John and Achsah (Ridgely) Holliday Carman ;
grandson of Charles Carman of Reading, Eng
land, and of Col. Charles Ridgely. He was
baptized Charles Ridgely Carman, but was
adopted by his uncle. Capt. Charles Ridgely,
whose fortune he inherited in 1790, on condi
tion that he should assume his name. He was
married, Oct. 17, 1782, to Priscilla, daughter of
Caleb and Priscilla (Still) Dorsey of Howard
county, Md. He was a member of the Maryland
senate, brigadier-general of the llth Maryland
brigade in 1794, and governor of Maryland. 1815,
1816 and 1817. He was the owner of 400 slaves,
all of whom became free by the terms of his
will. He died at Hampton, Baltimore county,
Md., July 17, 1829.

RIDGELY, Daniel Boone, naval officer, was
born near Lexington, Ky., Aug. 1, 1813. He was
warranted midshipman, U.S.N., April 1, 1828,
promoted passed midshipman, June 14. 1834, and
commissioned lieutenant, Sept. 10, 1840. He
served on the sloop Albany during the Mexican
war, and wit
nessed the bom
bardment and
capture of Vera
Cruz, and the
other Mexican
ports ; was at
tached to the -
United States "^
naval observa
tory, Washing- =
ton, D.C., 1850- U S S -

52 ; to the sloop Germantown in the West Indies in
1854 ; was promoted commander, Sept. 14, 1855 ;




[478]



RIDGELY



RIDPATH



commanded the Atalanta on the Paraguayan ex
pedition. 1857-58 ; the Santiago de Cuba in the
West Indies, 1801-63. where he was successful in
capturing several blockade runners : was pro
moted captain, July 16, 1862, and commanded the
Shenandoah in the bombardments of Fort Fisher,
December, 1864, and January, 1865. He com
manded the Powliatan of the Pacific squadron
from 1865, until transferred to the Lancaster in
1867. He was promoted commodore, July 25,
1866, and was a member of the board of naval
examiners at Philadelphia, Pa., 1867-68. He died
in Philadelphia. Pa.. May 5. 1868.

RIDGELY, Henry Moore, senator, was born
in Dover. Del., in 1778 ; son of Dr. Charles
Ridgely (1 738-85). He was admitted to the bar,
and engaged in practice in Dover. He was mar
ried to Sally Ann. daughter of Gov. Cornelius P.
and Ruhamah (Marim) Comegys of Kent county,
Del. He was a Federalist representative from
Delaware in the 12th and 13th congresses, Nov. 4,
1811. to March 2. 1815, and was elected to the
U.S. senate to fill the vacancy caused by the
death of Nicholas Van Dyke, serving from Jan.
23, 1827, to March 3, 1829. He died in Dover,
Del., Aug. 7, 1847.

RIDGELY, Nicholas, jurist, was born in
Dover. Del., Sept. 30, 1762; son of Dr. Charles
Ridgely (1738-1785), a native of Dover, who
practised medicine there, 1758-85 ; frequently sat
in the Delaware legislature after 1765 ; was pre
siding judge of the court of common pleas of
Kent county, and previous to the Revolutionary
war, of the quarter sessions, and was a delegate
to the convention that framed the state constitu
tion in 1776. Nicholas received a liberal educa
tion, and engaged in the practice of law in Dover,
1783-1801. He served as attorney-general of the
state, as a representative in the state legislature,
and as chancellor of the state of Delaware. 1801-
30. He died in Georgetown, Del.. April 1, 1830.

RIDGWAY, Robert, ornithologist, was born in
Mount Carmel. 111., July 2. 1850 : son of David
and Henrietta James (Reed) Ridgway, and grand
son of Richard and Sarah Ridgway and of Joseph
and Eliza (Bell) Reed. He was educated in
the public schools, and at an early age turned his
attention to natural history. He served as zoolo
gist to the U. S. geological exploration of the
40th parallel under Clarence King in California,
Nevada, southern Idaho, and Utah, 1867-69 ; was
occupied chiefly with government work, 1869-80,
and was curator of the ornithological division of
the U. S. National museum from July 1, 1880.
He was married, Oct. 12, 1875. to Julia Evelyn,
daughter of Horace and Elizabeth (Nichols) Per
kins of New York city. He was one of the
founders of the American Ornithologists union
n 1883 ; its vice-president, 1883-98, and its pres



ident, 1899-1900. He received the degree M.S.,
from the Indiana State university in 1884 ; was a
member of the permanent ornithological com
mittee of the first international congress at
Vienna in 1885, and an honorary member of the
second congress Ornithologique International at
Budapesth in 1891. He became a corresponding
member of the Zoological society of London, and
of the Academies of Science of New York, Dav
enport, la., and Chicago. 111.; a foreign member
of the British Ornithologists union ; an honorary
member of the Nuttall Ornithological club of
Cambridge, Mass., the Brookville, Ind., Society of
Natural History, the Ridgway Ornithological
club of Chicago. 111., and a member of the com
mittee of patronage of the International Con
gress of Zoology at London. He published more
than 200 descriptive papers of new species and
races of American birds, many of which ap
peared in the " Proceedings of the U. S. Na
tional Museum " ; several catalogues of North
American and other birds contained in the mu
seum, and is the joint author with Professor
Spencer F. Baird and Dr. Thomas M. Brewer of :
A History of Northern American Birds (3 vols.,
1874), and of The Water Birds of North America
(2 vols., 1884), in which he wrote a large portion of
the technical parts. He also published : Report
on Ornithology of the Fortieth Parallel (1877) ; A
Nomenclature of Colors for Naturalists (1886) ;
Manual of North American Birds (1887) ; The
Ornithology of Illinois (2 vols.. 1889-1895), and
The Birds of North and Middle America (8 vols.,
1901).

RIDPATH, John Clark, educator, was born in
Putnam county, Ind., April 26, 1840; son of
Abraham and Sarah (Matthews) Ridpath of
Montgomery county, Va. ; grandson of John and
Mary (Cox) Ridpath and of Anderson and Naomi
(Heavin) Matthews, and a descendant of the
Ridpaths of Berwick-on-Tweed and of Samuel
Matthews, colonial governor of Virginia. He at
tended the common schools ; engaged in teaching
school and in tutoring, to assist in defraying the
expense of a college education, and was graduated
from Indiana Asbury (DePauw) university, A.B.,
1863, A.M., 1866. He was married, Dec. 21. 1862,
to Hannah Roxana, daughter of Ebenezer and
Elizabeth (Sill) Smythe of Greencastle, Ind. He
was instructor in languages at the academy at
Tliorntown, Ind., 1862-64: principal of the acad
emy, 1864-66 ; professor of languages in Baker
university, Baldwin city, Kan., in 1866. and prin
cipal of the public schools in Lawrenceburg, Ind.,
1867-69. He was professor of English literature
and normal instruction in Indiana Asbury uni
versity, 1869-71 : professor of belles-lettres and
history. 1871-79. and vice-president, 1879-81. He
secured the DePauw endowment from Washing-



[479]



RIGGS



ton C. DePauw for the university, which adopted
its patron s name in 1882 ; continued there as
vice-president and professor of history and poli
tical economy, 1882-85, and from the latter year
until his death, devoted himself to literary work.
He was defeated as a Democratic candidate for
representative in congress from Indiana in 1896.
He received the degree LL.D. from Syracuse
university in 1880 ; was associate editor of the
"People s Cyclopedia ", 1879-95 ; edited the Arena
at Boston, Mass., 1897-98; was literary director
of the Jones Brothers Publishing company, 1898-
1900, and compiled the Library of Universal
Literature (1898). He is the author of : ^4oci-
demic History of the United States (1874-75);
Grammar School History of the United St<(tes
(1876) ; Popular History of the United States
(1877); Inductive Grammar of the English. Lan
guage (1879) ; Monograph on Alexander Hamilton
(1880) ; Life and Work of Garfield (1881); Cijclo-
p&dia of Universal History (4 vols., 1880-85) ;
Monograph on the Trial of Guiteau (1882) ;
Monograph on the Epoch of Integration (1883) ;
History of Texas (1884) ; Monograph on History
and Historical Study (1885) ; Life and Work of
W. C. De Pautv (unpublished, 1888) ; Great Races
of Mankind (4 vols., 1888-94) ; Monograph on.
Beyond the Sierras (1888) ; Monograph on the True
Evolution (1889) ; Monograph on the Citizen Sol
dier (1890) ; Monograph on the Man in History
(1892) ; Monograph on the Suppression of the In
tellectual Life (1892) ; Christopher Columbus, the
Epoch, the Man, and the Work (unpublished, 1892);
Columbus and Columbia (1893) ; The Life and
Work of James G. Elaine (1893) ; Epic of Life, a
poem (1893) ; Famous Paintings of the World
(1894) ; Life and Memoirs of Bishop William
Taylor (1894-95) ; Napoleon Bonaparte (1895),
and The Life and Times of William E. Gladstone.
He died in New York city, July 31, 1900.

RIGGS, Elias, linguist and missionary, was
born in New Providence, N.J.. Nov. 19. 1810 ; son
of the Rev. Elias Riggs, College of New Jersey,
A.B., 1795, A.M., 1798, and pastor of the Presby
terian church at New Providence, N.J., 1807-25.
Elias, jr., was graduated at Amherst, A.B., 1829,
A.M., 1832, and at Andover Theological seminary
in 1832. He was ordained to the Congregational
ministry, Sept. 20, 1832 ; and was a foreign mis
sionary at Athens, Greece, 1832-34; Argos, Greece,
1834-38 ; Smyrna, Turkey, 1838-53, and Constan
tinople, Turkey, 1853-56. He visited the United
States in 1856 ; served as instructor in sacred
literature at Union Theological seminary, 1857-
58 ; declined a professorship there, and returned
to Constantinople, where he worked, 1858-1901.
He was an expert linguist, and a member of the
committees that translated the Scriptures into
the Turkish language, the translation being pub



lished in 1878, and their revised work in 1886.
He received the degree D.D. from Hanover col
lege, Ind., in 1853, and LL.D. from Amherst in
1871. He is the author of : A Manual of Chaldee
Language, etc. (1832, rev. ed., 1858): The Young
Forester, a Brief Memoir of the Early Life of the
Swedish Missionary Fjelstedt (1840) ; Translation
of the Scriptures into the Modern Armenian Lan
guage (1853); Grammatical Notes on the Bulgarian
Language (1844) ; Grammar of tJie Modern Ar
menian Language with a Vocabulary (1847. 2d.
ed., 1856) ; Grammar of Hie Turkish Language
as written in the Armenian Character (1871);
Translation of the Scriptures into the Bulgarian
Language (1871); Suggested Emendations of the
Authorized English Version of tlie Old Testament
(1873); A Harmony of the Gospels in Bulgarian
(1880) ; Suggested Modifications of the Revised
Version of the New Testament (1883); .1 Bible
Dictionary in Bulgarian (1884); and many minor
publications including, tracts, h\ r mns, and col
lections of hymns in the Greek, Armenian and
Bulgarian languages. He died in Constantinople,
Turkey. Jan. 17, 1901.

RIGGS, John Davis Seaton, educator, was
born in Washington, Pa., Jan. 29, 1851 ; son of
Edward and Charlotte Ann (Seaton) Riggs, and
grandson of John and Mary (Phillips) Riggs. and
of George Clark and Esther (Shotwell) Smith
Seaton. His early education was received in the
public schools of Rockford, 111. He was a student
at Shurtletf college from April, 1867, until De
cember, 1868 ; then attended the University of
Chicago, one term; engaged in business at Rock-
ford, 111., 186975; was graduated from the Uni-
versity of Chicago, A.B., 1878, A.M., 1881. and was
principal of the commercial department of Salt
Lake academy, Utah, 1878 - 79. He was married,
Sept. 2, 1879, to Mary Esther, daughter of Osborn.
and Amanda (Rice) Chaney of Rockford, 111. He
was principal of the preparatory department of
the University of Chicago. 1879-86 ; joint princi
pal of the University academy, Chicago, 1886-87 ;
organized and was principal of the Granville
(Doane) academy. Denison university, Ohio, 1887-
96. and in the latter year w;is elected president of
Ottawa university, Kansas. He was made a mem
ber of the state board of education of Kansas ;
president of the Kansas College Presidents as
sociation, and a corresponding member of the
Kansas State Historical society. The degree of
Ph.D. was conferred on him by the University of
South Dakota in 1890, upon the completion of a
course in general literature and the presentation
of a thesis on " Satire in Reform " , and the hon
orary degree of L.II.D. was conferred upon him
by Ewing college, Illinois, in 1901. He is the
author of: In Latinum (Caesar) (1890), and In
Latinum (Cicero) (1892).
[480]



RIGGS



RIIS




RIGGS, Kate Douglas Wiggin, author, was
born in Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 28, 1859 : daughter
of Robert Noah and Helen (Dyer) Smith ; grand
daughter of Jones and Lydia (Knight) Dyer, and
of Noali and Hannah (Wheaton) Smith, all of

Maine. She spent
her childhood in Hol-
lis, Maine; attended
Abbot academy, An-
dover, Mass., and in
1876 removed to Los
Angeles, Cal., where
she studied kinder
garten ing, and after
teaching in Santa
Barbara college for a
year, she organized
in San Francisco the
first free kindergar
tens for poor chil
dren on the Pacific
slope in 1878, and
in 1880, with her sister. Nora Archibald Smith,
started a training school in connection with them.
She was married in 1880 to Samuel Bradley Wig-