gin of San Francisco, and removed in 1888 to
New York city, where Mr. Wiggin died the fol
lowing year. In 1895 she was married to George
Christopher Riggs, but continued to write under
the name of Kate Douglas Wiggin. Her published
works include : The Birds Christinas Carol (1886) ;
Kindergarten Chimes (1888); _-l Summer in a
Canon (1889) ; The Story of Patsy ( 1889) ; Timothy s
Quest (1890); Polly Oliver s Problem (1893): A
Cathedral Courtship and Penelope s English Ex
periences (1893); The Village Wateh-Toirer (1895):
Mann Lisa (1896); Penelope s Progress (1898);
Penelope s Experiences in Ireland (1901); Tlie
Dtary of a Goose-Girl (1902). She also wrote in
collaboration with her sister, The Story Hour
(1890); Children s Rights (1892), and The Repub
lic of Childhood (3 vols., 1895-96); and edited
with her t\vo volumes of poetry for children and
voung people, Golden Numbers and the Posy
Ring (1902). She also set to music Nine Love
Songs and a Carol (1896).
RIGGS, Stephen Return, missionary, was born
in Steubenville, Ohio, March 23, 1812 ; son of
Stephen and Anna (Baird) Riggs ; grandson of
Joseph and Hannah (Cook) Riggs and of Moses
Baird, and a descendant of Edward Riggs, who
settled in Roxbury, Mass., in 1633. He was grad
uated at Jefferson college, Canonsburg, Pa.,
A.B., 1834; attended the Western Theological
seminary at Allegheny, Pa., 1835-36 ; was licensed
to preach by the presbytery of Steubenville in
September, 1836, and ordained by the presbytery
of Chillicothe in April, 1837. He was married,
Feb. 16, 1837, to Mary Ann, daughter of Thomas
and Martha Arms (Taylor) Longley of Hawley,
Mass. He was sent as a missionary among the
Sioux Indians by the A.B.C.F.M. in 1837, and
was stationed for a few months at the Lake Har
riet mission, near Fort Snelling. He associated
with the Rev. T. S. Williamson at Lac-qui-
Parle mission (1837-42), where he learned the
Dakota language, and started and conducted a
mission station at Traverse des Sioux (1843-46),
returning to Lac-qui-Parle in the latter year.
He was in charge of the Hazel wood mission near
the mouth of the Yellow Medicine river, 1854-62,
where he was aided by his son Alfred, a graduate
of Knox college. The Indian massacre under
Little Crow, Aug. 18, 1862, forced him to flee
with his family, and they reached St. Paul. Minn.
He received the degree D.D. from Beloit col
lege, and that of LL.D. from Washington and
Jefferson college in 1873. He published : The
Dakota First Reading Book (with Gideon H.
Pond, 1839); Wotcapi Mitawa (1842); Dakota
Tairoons2)e or Dakota Lessons (1850); Dakota
Vocabulary (1852); Tahkoo Wakan or the Gospel
among the Dakotas (1869); The Bible in Dakota,
with the Rev. T. S. Williamson (1879), and Mary
and I, or Forty \cars Among the Sioux (1880).
lie also edited : A Grammar and Dictionary of
the Dakota Language, collected by the Members of
the Dakota Mission (1852, which became Vol.
IV of the Smithsonian Contributions; rev. ed.,
1883); and Hymns in the Dakota Language (1842),
with the Rev. J. P. Williamson (1863, rev. ed.).
He died in Beloit, Wis., Aug. 24, 1883.
RIIS, Jacob August, author, was born at Ribe,
Denmark, May 3, 1849 : son of Niels Edward and
Caroline (Lundholm) Riis. He was a student at
the Latin school in
his native place ;
learned the trade of
carpenter, and was
married, March 5,
1876, to Elizabeth
Dorothea, daughter
of Niels Nielsen of
Herning, Denmark.
In 1870 he removed
to New York city,
where he was em
ployed as police re
porter on the Tribune
and the Sun, was in
strumental in estab
lishing small parks
and playgrounds and in improving the condition
of schools and tenement houses. He was secretary
of the New York Small Parks commission and
executive officer of the Good Government clubs.
His published works, which immediately at
tained large circulation, include : How the Other
[4811
RIKER
RILEY
Half Lives (1890); The Children of the Poor
(1892); Nibsy s Christmas (1893); Out of Mulberry
Street (1898); .4 Ten Years TT"rtr (1900); Tlie
Making of an American (1901) ; The Battle with
the Slum (1903). and numerous contributions to
periodicals.
RIKER, James, historian, was born in New
York city, May 11, 1822 ; son of James and Eliza
beth (Van Arsdale) Riker ; grandson of Daniel
and Deborah (Leverick) Riker and of John and
Mary (Crawford) Van Arsdale, and a descendant
of Abraham and Grietie (Harmensen) Rycken
(or de Rycke). In 1638 Abraham Rycken emi
grated from Holland to New York, where lie re
ceived an allotment of land from Governor Kiel t,
and about 1C42 he engaged in trade. James Riker
was educated in Cornelius institute ; was principal
of a public school in Harlem, N.Y. , 1850-58, and
was clerk in the office of the American Home
Missionary society, 1858-63. He was employed
in the U.S. revenue service, 1864-67, and from
1869 until his death resided in Waverly, N.Y.,
where in 1885 he established a library and became
its librarian. He was elected to membership in
several historical and other societies, and is the
author of : .4 Brief History of the Riker Family
(1851); Tlie Annals of Newtoivn (1852); Harlem:
its Origin and Early Annals (1881); The Indian
History of Tioga County in the Gazetteer of Tioga
County (1888); .4 Dictionary of the First Settlers
of New Netherlands Prior to Hie Year 1700, in
preparation (1889) , and many historical pam
phlets. He died in Waverly. N.Y., July 15, 1889.
RILEY, Benjamin Franklin, clergyman and
educator, was born in Pineville, Ala., July 16,
1849 ; son of Enoch arid Sophronia Irving (Autrey)
Riley, and grandson of Jeremiah and Jane Riley,
and of Alexander and Parthenia Autrey. He
was graduated from Erskine college, S.C., in
1871 ; attended the Southern Baptist Theological
seminary and Crozer seminary ; was ordained to
the Baptist ministry in 1872, and was pastor at
Carlowville, Ala., in 1876; Albany, Ga., 1877-79;
Opelika, Ala., 1879-84 ; editor of the Alabama
Baptist, 1885, and pastor at Livingston, Ala.,
1884-88. He was married, June 21, 1876, to
Emma, daughter of Dr. J. L. Shaw of Belleville,
Ala. He was president of Howard college, Ala.,
1888-93 ; professor of English literature at the
University of Georgia, 1893-1900, and pastor at
Houston, Texas, from 1900. He received the de
gree of D.D. from the University of Alabama in
1884, and from Erskine college in 1888 ; and was
made a fellow of the Society of Science, Letters
and Art, London, in recognition of his paper on
44 The Difficulty of Preserving Pure English in
the United States," read before that body, July
19, 1898. His published works include : History
of Conecuh County, Ala, (1884); Alabama as It
Is (1888); History of Baptists of Alabama (1893);
History of Baptists of the Southern States East
of the Mississippi (1897); and numerous pamphlets
and contributions to periodicals.
RILEY, Bennett, soldier, was born in Alex
andria, Va., Nov. 27, 1787. He was appointed an
ensign of rifles in the U.S. army, Jan. 19, 1813 ;
was promoted lieutenant. March 12, 1813; served
throughout the war of 1812: was promoted cap
tain, Aug. 6, 1818, major. Sept. 26. 1837; lieu
tenant-colonel, Dec. 1, 1839, and brevetted colonel
for his services at Chakotta, in the Florida war,
June 2, 1840. He commanded the 2d infantry
at Vera Cruz, the 2d brigade of Twiggs s division
in the Mexican valley, and was brevetted briga
dier-general, U.S.A., April 18, 1847, for gallantry
at Cerro Gordo, and major-general. Aug. 20, 1847,
for Contreras. General Scott credited a certain
victory for the American army to the bravery he
displayed in battle. He was placed in command
of the Pacific department, with headquarters at
Monterey, Cal., in 1848, and was military governor
of California from April to December, 1849, when
the state constitution was adopted and Peter H.
Burnett (q.v.) became governor. He was pro
moted colonel of the 1st U.S. infantry, Jan. 31,
1850, and died at Buffalo, N.Y.. June 9. 1853.
RILEY, Charles Valentine, entomologist, was
born in London, Eng. , Sept. 18, 1843. He attended
the College of St. Paul. Dieppe. France. 1S54-57,
and a private school at Bonn, Prussia. 1857-60.
He emigrated to America in 1860, and settled in
Kankakee county.
111., where he ob
tained employment
on a stock farm. In
1863 he removed to
Chicago, 111., and be
came a reporter on
the Evening Journal,
and later on the
Prairie Farmer. He
was editor of the en
tomological depart
ment of the latter
paper, and became
well known among
the agriculturists of
the west. He en
listed with the 134th Illinois volunteers in May,
1864, and served until November, 1864, when
he resumed his work with the Prairie Farmer.
He was appointed first state entomologist of Mis
souri in 1868. He was chief of the United States
entomological commission to study and solve the
problem of the extinction of the Rocky Mountain
grasshopper. After five years, having completed
the work, the commission was discontinued. He
was U.S. entomologist, 1878-79 and 1880-95. and
[482]
RILEY
RILEY
brought the division of entomology from an
obscure position to one of prominence in the de
partment of agriculture. He was married in
1878, to Emilie J. Gonzelmaii of St. Louis, Mo.
He was an honorary member of the London
Entomological society ; corresponding member
of the French, Berlin, Swiss and Belgian ento
mological societies ; president of the Academy of
Sciences of St. Louis, 1876-78 ; a fellow of the
American Philosophical society, the American
Pomological society, and the American Associa
tion for the Advancement of Science : a member
of the American Agricultural society ; the Asso
ciation of Scientific Agriculturists, and the Philo
sophical and Anthropological societies of Wash
ington : a founder and first president of the
Entomological society, Washington ; president
of the Association of Economic Entomologists,
and a member or officer of many other foreign
and domestic horticultural and agricultural
bodies. The French government awarded him
a gold medal in 1873. and the cross of the Legion
of Honor, July 14, 1889. He lectured before Cor
nell university : the Kansas State Agricultural
society ; the Missouri State university ; Wash
ington university, St. Louis, and the Lowell
Institute, Boston. He received the honorary
degrees A.M. from the Kansas State Agricultural
college, 1872, and Ph.D. from Missouri State
university, 1873, He presented his collection of
115.000 mounted specimens to the entomological
department of the U.S. National Museum, of
which institution he was honorary curator of
insects. He is the author of : Reports on the
Noxious, Beneficial and Other Insects of the State
of Missouri (9 annual volumes, 1869-77) ; Potato
Pests (1876) : The Locust Plague in the United
States (1877) ; and Annual Reports as entomolo
gist of the department of agriculture, besides
many articles, lectures and addresses in the lead
ing entomological and agricultural magazines.
He died in Washington. D.C.. Sept. 14, 1895.
RILEY, Franklin Lafayette, historian, was
born near Hebron, Lawrence county, Miss., Aug.
24. 1868 ; son of Franklin Lafayette and Balsorah
(Weathersby) Riley ; grandson of Edward Miles
and Mary (Shows) Riley and of Edward Duncan
and Elmira (McDaniel) Weathersby, and a de
scendant of Edward Riley, who was born in
Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, about 1747. He
was graduated from Mississippi college, A.B.,
1889, A.M., 1891 ; began teaching at the Hebron
high school, 1889 ; and was married at Clinton,
Miss., July 15, 1891, to Fanny Townes, daughter
of Charles Henry Leigh of Cleburne, Texas. He
was a fellow -at Johns Hopkins, 1895-96. receiving
his Ph.D. degree there in 1896 ; was president of
Hillman College for Young Women, 1896-97, and
became professor of history at the University of
Mississippi in 1897. He re-organized the Missis
sippi Historical society and organized the Univer
sity Historical society in 1898 ; became secretary
and treasurer of the former, and a member of
other similar organizations. His published works
include : Colonial Origin of Neic England Senates
(1896); School History of Mississippi (1900); Trans
ition from Spanish to American Control in Mis
sissippi (1900); Descriptive and Historical Sketch
of Mississippi (1901); Extinct Towns and Villages
of Mississippi (1902). He edited five volumes of
the publications of the Mississippi Historical so
ciety, and contributed numerous historical articles
to periodicals.
RILEY, James Whitcomb, poet, was born in
Greenfield, Ind., in 1853: son of Reubin Alex
ander and Elizabeth (Marine) Riley. He was
educated in the public schools ; hopelessly studied
law in his father s office, then became a sign
painter. He joined
a traveling concert-
wagon as advertiser,
where lie became
proficient in impro
vising songs, and in
1873 returned to
Greenfield, where he
commenced work on
a county paper, and
contributed verses to
Indianapolis papers,
most of which con
tributions were in the
Hoosier dialect. He
then went to Ander
son, Ind., and was on
the editorial staff of the Democrat, and while there
wrote a poem entitled " Leonainie," in imitation
of Edgar A. Poe, to which he signed that poet s
initials. The poem was published in the Dispatch
of Kokomo, Ind., with editorial claim that it had
been discovered on the fly-leaf of an old Ains-
worth Dictionary. Reviewers at home and
abroad pronounced it genuine, and even when
the name of the real author was disclosed, main
critics maintained that it was Poe s. In conse
quence of this hoax, Mr. Riley lost his position
with the Anderson Democrat, but was soon
called to regular employment in the office of the
Indianapolis Journal. He became known as the
Hoosier poet"; subsequently engaged as a
public reader, and published his first book under
the pen-name of " Benj. F. Johnson of Boone."
He is the author of : The Old Swimmin -Holeand
Leven More Poems (now Neighborly Poems)
(1883) : The Boss Girl and Other Sketches (1886) ;
Afterwhiles (1887); Character Sketches and Poems
(1887) ; Old-Fashioned Roses in England (1888);
Pipes o Pan at Zekesbury (1889) ; Rhymes of
[483J
RIXEHART
RIOKDAN
Childhood (1890) ; The Flying Islands of the
Night (1891) ; Green Fields and Running Brooks
(1892) ; Poems Here at Home (1892) ; An Old
Sweetheart of Mine, republished (1892); Arma-
zindii (1894) ; .4 Child-World (1896); Rubalyatof
DocSifers(lS97); Home-Folks (1900) ; ami Tlie
Book of Joyous Children (1902). He was never
married.
RINEHART, William Henry, sculptor, was
born near Union Bridge, Carroll county, MJ.,
Sept. 13, 1823. He attended school, worked on
his father s farm, and later was employed as
assistant to a stonecutter in Carroll county. In
1844 he was apprenticed to a marble-cutter in
Baltimore, where his genius and application in
duced his employer to furnish him a studio on
his premises. In 1853 he went to Italy and on
his return in 1837, established a studio in Balti
more, but returned to Rome in 1858, from which
city he made occasional visits to America.
Among his best known figures are the bas-
reliefs in marble, Night and Morning ; a fountain
figure for the post office building at Washington,
D.C.; two figures, Indian and Backiroodsman, to
support the clock in the Hall of Representatives,
Washington, B.C.; Hero and Leander ; Indian
Girl; St. Cecilia ; Sleeping Babes ; Woman of Sa
maria ; Christ ; Angel of Resurrection ; Antigone ;
Nymph ; Clijtie ; Atalanta ; Latona and her
Children; Diana, and Apollo; Endymion, and
Rebecca. He also modelled the bronze statue,
Love Reconciled with Death, placed in Green-
mount cemetery, Baltimore, and completed the
bronze doors of the capitol at Washington left
unfinished by the death of Thomas Crawford.
His statue of Chief-Justice Roger B. Taney was
unveiled in Annapolis, Md., in 1872. He died in
Rome, Italy, Oct. 28, 1874.
RINQQOLD, Cadwalader, naval officer, was
born in Washington county, Md., Aug. 20, 1802 ;
son of the Hon. Samuel (q.v.) and Maria (Cad
walader) Ringgold. He was warranted midship
man in the U. S. navy, March 4, 1819 ; was at
tached to Commodore Porter s fleet in the West
Indies, 1823-24 ; was promoted lieutenant, May 17,
1828 ; commanded the brig Porpoise in Lieut.
Charles Wilkes s exploring expedition, 1838-42, in
the discovery of the Antarctic continent and in
the survey of the Pacific coast line of North
America and of the South Sea Islands ; was pro
moted commander, July 16, 1849 ; served in Cali
fornia, 1849-51, and in the bureau of construction
in the navy department, Washington, D.C., in
1832. He was given command of the North Pa
cific exploring expedition, but was forced to
return, owing to ill health, and was placed on the
reserve list, Sept. 13, 1835. He was promoted
captain, April 2, 1856; was returned to the active
list ; served in Washington, D.C., 1839-60, and
commanded the frigate Sabine in 1861. He
rescued a marine battalion and the crew of the
Governor off Hatteras, while accompanying Du-
Pont s expedition to Port Royal, October, 1861 ;
returned to the Brooklyn Navy yard for repairs,
and furnished from his frigate men for Lieutenant
Worden s crew for the iron-chid monitor, then
fitting out for Hampdeii Roads, Ya. He was
promoted commodore, July 16, 1802 ; was placed
on the retired list. Aug. 20, 1804 ; was retired with
the rank of rear-admiral, July 23, 1806, and died
in New York city, April 29, 1867.
RINQQOLD, Samuel, representative, was born
in Chestertown, Md., Jan. 15, 1770 ; son of
Thomas and Mary (Galloway) Ringgold ; grand
son of Thomas and Anna Maria (Earle) Ringgold.
and of Samuel Galloway of Anne Arundel
county, Md., and a descendant of Thomas Ring-
gold who settled in Kent county. Md., with his
sons John and James in 1650. He was educated
under private tutors; was married, May 3. 1792. to
Maria, daughter of Gen. John Cadwalader of
Kent county. In 1792 he removed to his estate,
Fountain Rock," in Washington county, Md.,
where he built one of the finest mansions in the
state, which became a part of the College of St.
James, and finally a preparatory school. He was
a state senator for several years, and a Demo
cratic representative from Maryland in the lltli
congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resig
nation of Roger Nelson (q.v.), being re-elected to
the 12th, 13th, 15th and 16th congresses, serving,
1810-15 and 1817-21. He married secondly, at
the White House, Washington, Marie Antoinette
Hay. He died in Frederick city, Md., Oct. 18, 1829.
RIORDAN, Patrick William, R.C. archbishop,
was born in Chatham, New Brunswick, Aug.
27, 1841 ; son of Matthew and Mary Riordan.
He removed to Chicago, 111., with his parents in
1848, and was educated at the University of St.
Mary s of the Lake in that city and at the Uni
versity of Notre Dame, Ind. He was sent to the
American college at Rome, Italy, to fit for the
priesthood, but being attacked by the malaria,
studied afterwards in Paris and Lou vain, Belgium,
from the University of which city he graduated
in 1865. He was ordained priest at Mechlin,
Belgium, June 10, 1865, by Cardinal Engelbert
Stercks ; returned to Chicago, 111., and was pro
fessor of ecclesiastical history and canon law and
of dogmatic theology in St. Mary s of the Lake
Theological seminary, 1865-68. He engaged in
missionary work as rector of the church at Wood
stock, 111., in 1868, and of St. Mary s church in
Joliet, 111., 1868-71 ; was rector of St. James s
church, Chicago, 111., 1871-83, where he extended
the parochial schools under the charge of the
Sisters of Merc} , and received notice of his ap
pointment as titular bishop of "Cabasa" and
[484J
RIPLEY
RIPLEY
coadjutor with the right of succession to Arch
bishop Joseph S. Alemany of San Francisco. He
was consecrated bishop in St. James s church, Chi
cago, 111.. Sept. 16, 1883, by Archbishop Feehan,
assisted by Bishops McCloskey of Louisville, Ky.,
and Chatard of Vincennes, Ind. ; participated in
the third plenary council of Baltimore ; succeeded
to the archbishopric, Dec. 28, 1884, and to the
Pallium, Sept. 20. 1885.
RIPLEY, Christopher Gore, jurist, was born
in Waltham, Mass.. Sept. 6. 1822 ; son of the Rev.
Samuel (Harvard, 1804) and Sarah Aldeii (Brad
ford) Ripley ; grandson of the Rev. Dr. Ezra
(Harvard. 177(i) and Phebe (Emerson) Ripley;
great grandson of the Rev. William and Phebe
Emerson, and a direct descendant of William
Ripley. who came from England, 1638, and of
Governor Bradford of Plymouth colony. He was
graduated from Harvard, A.B.. 1841 ; studied
law at Harvard Law school, and in the office of
Franklin Dexter of Boston, and was admitted to
the bar. In 18.56 he settled at Chatfield, Minn.,
and engaged in the real estate business with Ed
ward Dexter, the firm being Dexter & Ripley,
1856-59. In 1859-62 he practised law in partner
ship with Henry R. Wells. He was elected chief
justice of the supreme court of Minnesota in No
vember, 1869, serving from Jan. 7, 1870 to April
7, 1874, when he resigned by reason of a stroke
of paralysis. Soon after this he returned to
Massachusetts and made his home in Concord,
Mass., until his death, which occurred at Con
cord, in November. 1^81.
RIPLEY, Eleazar Wheelock, soldier and rep
resentative, was born in Hanover, N.H., April
15. 1782; son of Sylvanus Ripley, and grand-
nephew of John Wh^elock (q.v.), founder of Dart
mouth college. His father (1750-1787) was
graduated in the first class from Dartmouth,
A.B.. 1771, A.M., 1773 ; was tutor there. 1772-82 ;
Phillips professor of theology, 1782-87, and a
trustee, 1775-87. He was graduated from Dart
mouth, A.B., 1800 ; was admitted to the bar, and
began practice in Waterville, Maine. He wa-s a
representative in the Massachusetts legislature,
1807-11, serving as speaker in 1811 ; removed to
Portland in 1812, and in the same year was
elected a senator in the Massachusetts legislature.
In the war of 1812 he joined the army as lieu
tenant of the 21st infantry ; was promoted col
onel. March 12, 1813, taking part in the attack on
York (Toronto), Canada, April 27, 1813, where he
was three times wounded ; was on frontier duty
until April 14, 1814, when he was promoted brig
adier-general, and in command of the 2d brigade,
Gen. Jacob Brown s army, fought at the battle
of Chippewa, July 5, 1814, and at Niagara, July
25. where he was again wounded. For his dis
tinguished services in these engagements he was
b revetted major-general. He was prominent in
the defence and sortie of Fort Erie, Aug. 15 and
Sept. 17, 1814, being shot through the neck in
the latter attack, and for his gallantry was pre
sented by congress with a gold medal, inscribed
" Niagara, Chippewa, Erie." After the war he
was retained in the service, and superintended
the erection of fortifications in the south-west
until 1820, when he resigned, and took up the
practice of law at Jackson, La. He was subse
quently a member of the Louisiana senate : a
Jackson Democratic representative from Louis
iana in the 24th and 25th congresses, serving
from 1835 until his death, which occurred the
day before his term expired. His son, who
served in the Texan army under Capt. James W.
Fannin (q.v.), was captured and put to death at
Goliad, Tex., March 27, 1836. General Ripley
published an oration, delivered, July 4, 1805. He
died in West Feliciana. La., March 2, 1839.
RIPLEY, George, literary critic, was born in
Greenfield, Mass., Oct. 3, 1802; son of Jerome
Ripley, a prominent merchant, a representative in
the state legislature and a justice of the court of
sessions. He was graduated from Harvard col
lege, A. B., 1823, A.M.,
1826, and from the
Harvard Divinity
school in 1826 ; was a
tutor at Harvard,
1825-26, and was or
dained pastor of a
new religious society
in Boston, Mass., No
vember 8. 1826. He
was married in 1826
to Sophia Willard,
daughter of Francis
Dana of Cambridge,
and in 1828 was ap
pointed pastor of the
Unitarian church in
Purchase street, Boston, Mass. In 1831 he went
to Europe to study philosophy, returning to
Boston in 1835. and in 1841 he resigned his charge
and abandoned the ministry, devoting himself to
the study of philosophy, and becoming deeply
versed in the literature, theology and philosophy
of German literature. Immediateh on leaving
the ministry, he began the Bi ook Farm experi
ment. The site chosen was a farm of 200 acres
near Roxburv. Mass., and the society was known
first as the " Brook Farm Institute of Education
and Agriculture. but was later incorporated
as the "Brook Farm Phalanx." The aim of
the society was to establish an agricultural,