vey of Georgia, 1856 ; cruised in the Macedonian,
Mediterranean station, 1858-59, and again until
July 14, 1860, when he became assistant inspector
of ordnance at the New York navy yard, serving
until July 14, 1861, when he was assigned as
executive offi
cer to the Pen-
sacola, the
second vessel
in the first di
vision under
Capt. Theodo-
rus Bailey ;
and on Aug.
24, 1862, led
the starboard
column of the fleet past Forts Jackson and St.
Philip. For his conduct on this occasion he was
especially commended by Com. Henry Morris,
and recommended for promotion. He was pro
moted lieutenant-commander, and assigned to
the gunboat Katahdin, Aug. 5, 1862, and the
same day was present at the battle of Baton
Rouge, commanding as senior officer three of
Farragnt s gunboats, the shots from which were
directed by signals from the tower of the Loui
siana state capitol. Lieutenant-Commander Roe
was ordered north on account of ill health in
February, 1863, and on Sept. 4, 1863, was assigned
to the command of the " double ender " Sassacus,
North Atlantic blockading squadron, destroying
two English blockade runners during the Wil
mington blockade, and was engaged in the
defeat of the rebel ram Albemarle and her con
sort Bombshell in the North Carolina sounds,
May 5, 1864, receiving the thanks of the secre
tary of the navy and an advancement of " five
numbers in his grade for gallant and meritorious
conduct before the enemy." He was detached
from the Sassacus, July 20, 1864, on account of
illness ; took command of the steamer Michigan
on the lakes, Nov. 11, 1864, suppressing an insur
rection of miners at Marquette and at Houghton,
and causing the privateer Georgian to be cap
tured by English authorities at Collingwood,
Canada. He was promoted commander, July
25, 1866 ; and commanded the Madawaska ; and
subsequently the Tacony, us commander of the
[527]
ROEBLING
ROEBLING
Gulf division of Rear-Admiral Palmer s squad
ron at Vera Cruz, at the time of the execution
of Maximilian. He took General Santa Anna
from an American steamer and sent him out
of Mexico, and as negotiator between General
Juarez s forces and the imperial governor of
Vera Cruz, received the surrender of that city
from General Gomez in 186T, preserved order,
and established a provisional government. After
Mexican affairs were settled he was ordered to
Washington, D.C., where he received the thanks
and congratulations of President Johnson and
his cabinet. He was fleet-captain of the frigate
Delaware, Asiatic fleet, Admiral Rowan, 1867-71:
was promoted captain, April 1, 1872 ; was captain
of the Boston navy-yard, 1872-73 ; cruised in the
Lancaster, Brazil station, as chief of staff, 1873-
73, and was on duty at the naval station, New
London, 1875-76. He was a member of the
board of examiners at the U.S. Naval academy,
1879, and was promoted commodore, Nov. 7,
1879. He served as president of various boards,
18SO-83, and as governor of the U.S. Naval asy
lum, Philadelphia, 1883-84 ; was promoted rear-
admiral, Nov. 3, 1844, and having reached the
age limit was placed on the retired list, Oct. 4,
1885. He is the author of : X;t>: I Duties and Dis
cipline (1864), and Modern Culture, 1 essays
published in the Naval Magazine. He died in
Washington, D.C., Dec. 28, 1901.
ROEBLING, John Augustus, civil engineer,
was born in Miilhausen, Prussia, June 12, 1806 ;
son of Polycarp and Amelia Roeblhig. He was
graduated from the Royal Polytechnic school,
Berlin, C.E., 1826, and was in the government
employ, 1826-29, as assistant on the construction
of military roads in Westphalia. He emigrated
to the United States in 1829, and settled near
Pittsburg, Pa., where he engaged in agriculture.
He became interested in the development of the
Western frontier, giving his attention to the
canal improvements and to slack water naviga
tion and railroad enterprises, and surveyed the
lines of the Pennsylvania railroad from Harris-
burg to Pittsburg. He was married in 1836 to
Johanna, daughter of Ernest and Adelheid Hert-
ing of Saxonburg, Butler county, Pa. He then
became a manufacturer of iron and steel wire,
and had charge of the construction of the wood
en aqueduct across the Allegheny river at Pitts
burg, 1844-45 ; constructed the suspension bridge
over the Monongahela river at Pittsburg in 1846,
and four suspension bridges over the Delaware
and Hudson canal in 1848. He removed his wire
manufactory to Trenton, N. J., and in 1851 secured
the appointment as engineer to build a bridge
across the Niagara river to connect the New York
Central railroad with the Canadian railway sys
tem. This suspension bridge, the first capable of
bearing the weight of railroad trains, was finish
ed in 1855. The span was 825 feet, and it was
supported by four 10-inch wire cables. In 1855
lie built a wire cable bridge over the Allegheny
river at Pittsburg, and in 1856 contracted for
the bridge between Cincinnati and Covington,
finishing the work in 1867. On May 23. 1867. lie
was appointed chief engineer of the construction
of the East River bridge between Brooklyn and
^ - " " - rjf - 1 r **.," -"- r ^: - -. - ^V^j N. f ^m
BROOKLYN BKIPOE. .
New York ; prepared th<^ plans for the structure,
and began the work of construction in 1869.
While engaged in fixing the location of the
Brooklyn tower, a ferry boat entering the slip
dislodged the timbers on which he stood, causing
them to catch and crush his foot. The injury
resulted in lockjaw and caused his death. He is
the author of : Long and Short Span Railway
Bridges (1869). He died in Brooklyn, N.Y., July
22, 1869.
ROEBLING, Washington Augustus, civil en
gineer, was born inSaxenburg, Pa., May 26, 1837 ;
son of John Augustus and Johanna (llerting)
Roebling. He was graduated from the Rens-
selaer Polytechnic institute, Troy, N.Y.. C.E.,
1857, and engaged in professional work under
his father (q.v.). In 1861 he joined the Federal
army as a private in the 6th N.Y. artillery. In
1862 he was transferred to Gen. Irvin McDowell s
staff as an engineer, and was engaged in the con
struction of a suspension bridge across the Rap-
pahannock river ; was transferred to Gen. John
Pope s staff, and built the suspension bridge
across the Shenandoah river at Harper s Ferry.
He served on balloon duty and on engineering
duty, 1863-64 : was promoted major on the staff
of General Warren commanding the 5th corps,
April 20, 1854, and was bre vetted colonel. March
13, 1865. He was married, Jan. 18. ]SC5. to
Emily, daughter of Sylvanus and Phoebe Warren
of Cold Spring, N.Y., and she died in Trenton,
N.J., March 1, 1903. He resigned his commis
sion in January, 1865, and assisted his father in
the construction of the Cincinnati and Covington
bridge across the Ohio river. In 1868 he studied
pneumatic foundations abroad, and in 1869, upon
the death of his father, he was called to the sup
erintendence of the Brooklyn Bridge construction,
and to that end settled in Brooklyn. N.Y., and
[528J
ROGERS
ROGERS
personally supervised the sinking of the caissons.
During the fire in the Brooklyn caissons in Dec
ember, 1871, he was stricken with caisson fever,
but continued to carry on his work from the sick
room, in which he was greatly assisted by his
wife. In 1873 he was obliged to go abroad for his
health, but on his return after several months re
sumed his position as chief engineer and carried
the work to its completion in 1883. The struc
ture when completed cost about 13.000.000 in
stead of the original estimate of $7, 000. 000 made
by his father, the increase being due to improve
ments in the construction and cost of real estate.
The total length of the bridge and approaches is
5.989 feet, and the middle span is 1,595 feet. Mr.
Roebling was vice-president of the John A. Roeb-
ling and Sons company, manufacturers of iron
and steel wire and wire rope, at Trenton, N.J.
He is the author of Military Suspension Bridge
(1863).
ROGERS, Fairman, civil engineer, was born
in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 15, 1833 ; son of Evans
and Clara Augusta (Fairman) Rogers. He was
graduated from the University of Pennsylvania,
A.B., 1853, A.M., 1856 ; was lecturer on mechanics
at Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, 1853-64 ; pro
fessor of civil engineering at the University of
Pennsylvania, 1856-71, and a trustee of the Uni
versity, 1871-86. He was a member of the 1st
troop of Philadelphia cavalry in 1861, and served
as a volunteer officer of U.S. engineers, during
the Antietam and Gettysburg campaigns. In
1863 he made a survey of the Potomac river north
ward from Blakiston Island, for the U.S. coast and
geodetic survey. He was a member and treasurer
of the National Academy of Sciences : a member
of the American Philosophical society ; the
American Society of Civil Engineers, and of the
Pennsylvania Historical society. He was mar
ried in 1856 to Rebecca H.. daughter of John F.
Gilpin of Philadelphia. Among his important
scientific papers are : Combinations of Mechanism
representing Mental Processes (1874); Xotcs on
Grant s Difference Engine (1874); Terrestrial
Magnetism and the Magnetism of Iron SJiii^s
(1883), and A Manual of Coaching (1899). He
died in Vienna, Austria. Aug. 24, 1900.
ROGERS, Henry Darwin, geologist, was born
in Philadelphia. Pa.. Aug. 1. 1808 ; son of Patrick
Kerr and Hannah (Blythe) Rogers. He received
his education in Baltimore, Md., and Williams-
burg, Va. ; was professor of chemistry and nat
ural philosophy at Dickinson college, Pa., 1830-
31, and studied science in London, England, in
1831. He lectured on geology at the Franklin
Institute. 1833-34, and was professor of geology
and mineralogy at the University of Pennsyl
vania, 1835-46. He made a geological and miner-
alogical survey of New Jersey, 1835-36 ; was in
charge of the geological survey of the state of
Pennsylvania, 1836-41 ; was employed as an ex
pert by several coal companies, 1841-51, and con
tinued his work on the survey of Pennsylvania,
1851-54. He removed to Edinburgh, Scotland,
and engaged in the
preparation of a final
report of the survey,
and in 1858 was ap
pointed professor of
natural history at the
University of Glas
gow, where he re
mained until his
death. The honorary
degree of A.M. was
conferred on him by
the University of
Pennsylvania in 1834,
and that of LL.D. by
tlie University of
Dublin in 1857. He
was a member of the American Philosophical
society, the Philadelphia Academy^ of Natural
Sciences, the Geological society of London, a fel
low of the Royal society of Edinburgh, and presi
dent of the Philosophical society of Glasgow. He
edited The Messenger of Useful Knowledge (1830-
31); was one of the managers of tine Edinburgh
New PJiilosophical Journal, and is the author of :
Description of the Geology of the State of Neiv
Jersey (1840); The Geology of Pennsylvania, a
Government Survey (2 vols., 1858); A Guide to a
Course of Lectures on Geology ; A Geological Map
of the United States and a Chart of the Arctic
Regions in the Phtjsical Atlas, and A Geograph
ical Map of the United States, with William and
xUexander N. Johnson (1857). He died near
Glasgow, Scotland, May 29, 1866.
ROGERS, Henry Wade, jurist, was born in
Holland Patent, N.Y., Oct. 10, 1853. He was
graduated from the University of Michigan, A.B.,
1874. A.M., 1877. He was married in 1876 to
Emma, daughter of John Ogden and Sarah Jane
Winner of Pennington, N.J. He was admitted to
tiie bar in 1877 ; was Tappan professor of law at
the University of Michigan. 1882-85 ; professor of
law and professor of Roman law, 1885-90, and
dean of the law school, 1885-90. He was presi
dent of Northwestern university, 1890-1901, re
signing to become professor of law at Yale
university in September, 1901. He was chairman
of the section of legal education of the American
Bar association, 1893-94 ; chairman of the World s
Congress on Jurisprudence and Law Reform at
the World s Columbian exposition, Chicago, in
1893. and general chairman of the Saratoga Con
ference on the Foreign Policy of the United
States in 1898. The honorary degree of LL.D.
[5i>9]
ROGERS
ROGERS
was conferred on him by Wesleyan university, soon returned to Baltimore, and engaged in
Conn., in 1890. He is the author of : Expert Tes
timony (1883), and many articles in law and other
publications.
ROGERS, Horatio, jurist, was born in Provi
dence. R.I., May 18. 1836; son of Horatio and
Susan (Curtis) Rogers ; grandson of David Curtis
of Worcester, Mass, and a descendant of James
Rogers, freeman, Newport, R.I., 1640. He was
graduated from Brown university in 1853 ; was
admitted to the bar in 1858, and practised in
Providence, R.I., 1858-73 and 1885-91. He was
justice of the police court in 1861, and served in
the civil war, rising from 1st lieutenant to major
of the 3d Rhode Island heavy artillery regiment,
serving as colonel of the llth and subsequently of
the 2d R.I. volunteers, and being brevetted brig
adier-general of U.S. volunteers, March 13, 1805.
He was attorney-general of Rhode Island, 1864-
67 and 1888-89 ; a member and president of the
Providence common council ; a representative in
the state legislature, 1868-69 and 1874-76 ; was
elected associate justice of the supreme court of
Rhode Island, May 27, 1891, and was attached to
the appellate division in 1899. He resigned from
the bench, Feb. 17, 1903. He engaged in the
manufacture of cotton at Providence, 1873-85.
He was twice married ; first, on Jan. 28, 1861, to
Lucia, daughter of Resolved Waterman of Provi
dence ; and secondly, Oct. 6, 1869, to Emily Pris-
cilla, daughter of Gov. James T. Smith of Provi
dence. He was president of the Rhode Island
Historical society, 1889-95 ; a member of the
American Antiquarian society, and of other
learned associations, and received the honorary
degree of LL.D. from Trinity college, Hartford,
Conn., in 1896. He edited, with copious notes,
the journal of Lieut, (afterward Major-General)
James H. Hadden of Burgoyne s army, as Had-
den s Journals and Orderly Books (1884), and is
the author of : Private Libraries of Providence
(1878); Mary Dyer of Rhode Island (1896), and
many contributions to periodicals.
ROGERS, James BIythe, chemist, was born in
Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 22, 1803 ; eldest son of Dr.
Patrick Kerr and Hannah (BIythe) Rogers, and
grandson of Robert and Sarah (Kerr) Rogers of
county Tyrone, Ireland. His father emigrated
from Ireland to Pennsylvania in 1798; was
graduated, M.D., from the University of Penn
sylvania in 1802 ; practised in Philadelphia
and Baltimore, and was professor of natural
philosophy and mathematics at William and
Mary college, 1819-28. James B. Rogers at
tended William and Mary college ; studied medi
cine under Dr. Thomas E. Bond, and was gradu
ated from the University of Maryland, M.D., 1822.
He taught school in Baltimore ; practised medi
cine in Little Britain, Pa., for a short time, but
business as superintendent of a chemical manu
factory. He was married in September, 1830, to
Rachel Smith of Baltimore. He was professor of
pure and applied chemistry at Washington Medi
cal college, Balti
more; at the medical
department of Cin
cinnati college, 1835-
39, and in 1840 re
moved to Philadel
phia, Pa., where lie
was assistant state
geologist under his
brother Henry, 1840-
44 ; lecturer on chem
istry at the Philadel
phia Medical institute
in 1841 ; professor of
general chemistry at
the Franklin Insti
tute, 1844-47, and pro
fessor of chemistry at the University of Pennsyl
vania, 1847-52. He lectured on pure and applied
chemistry at the Mechanics institute ; was a rep
resentative at the National Medical convention in
1847 ; a delegate to the National convention for
the revision of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia in 1850,
and with his brother Robert prepared the seventh
edition of Edward Turner s "Elements of
Chemistry " and William Gregory s " Outlines of
Organic Chemistry. published in one volume
(1846). He died in Philadelphia, June 15, 1852.
ROGERS, John, educator, was born in Assing-
ton, England, in January, 1631 ; son of the Rev.
Nathaniel (1598-1656) and Margaret (Crane)
Rogers ; grandson of the Rev. John Rogers of
Dedham, England, and of Robert Crane, and a
descendant of John Rogers, the martyr. His
father brought his family to New England,
through the influence of Thomas Hooker, in 16;>6,
and preached at Ipswich, with the Rev. John
Norton as colleague, 1638-56. John Rogers was
graduated at Harvard college, A.B., 1649, A.M.,
1652 ; studied both medicine and divinity, and
preached at Ipswich, Mass., 1656-82. He also
engaged in medical practice there, and was mar
ried to Elizabeth, daughter of General Denison.
He entered into office as president of Harvard
college, April 10, 1682, succeeding Urian Oakes,
who died, July 25, 1681, but he was not inangu
rated until Aug. 12, 1683, and served the col
lege until his death, Increase Mather becoming
his successor, June 11, 1685. The records of the
province of Massachusetts state that in December,
1705, the general court voted to have destroyed
two pamphlets sent them by John Rogers and
his son John. These are supposed to have related
to the opposition which the house was making to
[530]
ROGERS
ROGERS
her Majesty s instructions to the governor in re
gard to his salary and other topics. John Rogers
died in Cambridge, Mass., July 2, 1684.
ROGERS, John, sculptor, was born in Salem,
Mass., Oct. 30, 1829 ; son of John and Sarah Ellen
(Derby) Rogers ; grandson of Daniel Denison
and Elizabeth (Bromfield) Rogers, and of John
and Eleanor (Coffin) Derby, and a descendant of
Nathaniel Rogers,
born at Haverhill,
England, about 1598,
who came to Boston
in 1633, and was pas
tor of a church in
Ipswich, Mass. ; also
of Mary Chilton of
the Mayflower. lie
attended the public
schools of Boston ;
was employed in a
dry goods store, and
later in a machine
shop at Manchester,
N.H. He gave his
attention to model
ing in clay and executed several small groups.
In 1858 he visited Europe, and in 1859 he removed
to New York, where he established himself as a
sculptor. He was married, April 26, 1865, to
Harriet Moore, daughter of Charles Stephen and
Catherine (Jewett) Francis of New York. His
statuette groups, which made him famous, where
reproduced in a composition plaster of his own
invention and had a large sale. During the civil
war he executed a series of statuettes illustrating
incidents of the conflict. These included : TJie
Slave Auction (I860); Picket Guard (1861); Union
Refugees (1863); Wounded Scout (1864); One
More SJiot (1864); Taking the Oath and Draining
Rations (1865); and The Council of War (1868).
Among his other groups are : The Checker Play
ers (1859); The Charity Patient (1867); Coming
to the Parson (1870); a series of three groups
illustrating Irving s " Rip Van Winkle (1870);
Going for the Cows (1873); Checkers up at the
Farm (1877); Ha! I like not that, from Othello
(1880); Is it so nominated in the bond ? from the
Merchant of Venice (1880); Fetching the Doctor
(1881); Why Don t you Sjjeak for Yourself , John?
from Miles Standish (1885). He also executed
the equestrian statue of Gen. John F. Reynolds,
which stands before the city hall, Philadelphia;
a statue of Abraham Lincoln ; two large bronze
groups entitled : Ichabod Crane and the Headless
Horseman (1887), and The Landing of the Norse
men (1893), and many other small ones.
ROGERS, John Alman/a Rowley, educator,
was born in Cornwall, Conn., Nov. 12, 1828 ; son
of John C. and Elizabeth (Hamlin) Rogers ;
grandson of Deacon Noah and Lydia (Cornwell)
Rogers and of Benjamin and Deborah (Rowley)
Hamlin, and a direct lineal descendant of John
Rogers, burned at the stake in Smithfield, Lon
don, 1555. He prepared for college at Williams
academy in Stock-
bridge, Mass.; was
graduated from Ober-
lin college, A.B., 1851,
A.M., 1855; taught in
New York city, 1851-
53, and was graduated
from the Obeiiin
Theological seminary
in 1855, entering the
Congregational min
istry, and preached
in Roseville, 111.,
1855-58. He was mar
ried, Jan. 2-4, 1856, to
Elizabeth, daughter
of Norris and Eliza
Embree of Philadelphia, Pa. In 1868, under the
commission of the American Missionary society,
he went to Berea, Ky., where in a rude building
he opened a school with fifteen pupils, the num
ber increasing to ninety-six by the close of the
first term. His wife assisted him in his labors.
In September, 1858, he was made chairman of a
committee to draw up a constitution for the pro
posed Berea college. The school met with great
favor in the community and grew rapidly. The
question arising in a school debate as to whether
colored persons should be admitted to the school,
Mr. Rogers expressed his opinion in the affirma
tive, and in consequence most of the sons of
slave-holding parents withdrew from the school.
At the time of John Brown s raid in 1859 it was
decided at a mass meeting of the citizens to " se
cure the removal from the state within ten days
of Rev. John G. Fee, Rev. J. A. R. Rogers and
such others as the committee think necessary for
public quiet and safety." Thereupon they left
the town and remained away until the close of
the war. In 1865 Professor Rogers returned and
the school was re-opened and colored students
were admitted, this being the first white institu
tion to take such action. Professor Rogers re
mained its principal until July, 1868, when E. H.
Fairchild (q.v.) was called to the presidency.
Professor Rogers remained at Berea college as
professor of Greek, 1868-78, and was a trustee
of the institution from its origin. On leaving
Kentucky, he went to Decatur, Ohio, where he
founded the Ohio Valley academy, and while re
siding there he was made examiner for Marietta
college and Lane Theological seminary. In 1878
he removed to Shawano, Wis., where he was
pastor of the Presbyterian church till 1884, mean-
[531]
ROGERS
ROGERS
while serving as examiner for the University of
Wisconsin and Lake Forest university. He then
took service in the Catholic Apostolic church and
acted as evangelist for six years, making his
home in Philadelphia, and in 1890 became pastor
of the same chui-ch in Hartford, Conn., resigning
in 1892 because of failing health. He received
the degree D.D. from Berea in 1901. He is the
author of : Birth of Berea College : A Story of
Providence, with an introduction by Hamilton
Wright Mabie (190:3).
ROGERS, John Henry, representative, was
born in Bertie county, N.C., Oct. 9, 1845; son of
Absalom and Harriet (Rice) Harrell Rogers, and
grandson of William and Peggy (Parker) Rogers
and of James and Celia (Yates) Rice. His grand
parents antedate the Revolution of 177G, and were
all North Carolinians. He served in the Con
federate army as a private, and later as 1st lieuten
ant in the 9th Mississippi infantry, 1862-63 ; was
graduated from the University of Mississippi in.
1868 ; taught school, studied law and was ad
mitted to the bar of Mississippi. He removed to
Fort Smith, Ark., in 1869 ; was married, Oct. 9,
1873, to Mary Gray, daughter of Dr. Theodore
and Elizabeth (Sidney) Dunlop of Danville, Ky.;
was circuit judge of the state, 1877-82, and a
Democratic representative in the 48th-51st con
gresses, 1883-1891. He was chairman of the
Arkansas delegation to the Democratic national
convention in 1892, and was appointed U.S. judge
for the western district of Arkansas in 1896. The
honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on him
by Centre college, Danville, Ky., in 1895.
ROGERS, John Rankin, governor of Washing
ton, was born in Brunswick, Maine, Sept. 4,
1838 ; son of John and Margaret (Green) Rogers ;
grandson of John Rogers ; great-grandson of
Capt. John Rogers, a privateersman of 1812, and
a descendant of William and Dinah (Rankin)
Rogers, who emigrated from Londonderry, Ire
land, just prior to the Revolutionary war. He
was a clerk in a drug store in Boston, Mass.,
1852-56 ; engaged in the drug business, in Jack
son, Miss., 1856; taught school in Cumberland
county, 111., 1858-60 ; and was married in 1861
to Sarah L.. daughter of Cyrus Greene of Neoga,
111. He was principally engaged in farming
from 1861-70. He was again in the drug busi
ness in Brunswick, Maine, 1870-75, removed to
Neoga, 111., and engaged in the same business for
one year. In 1876 he removed to Kansas and en
gaged in farming, and in 1878 became active in
organizing Farmers Alliances. He edited the
Kansas Commoner at Newton, 1887-90, and in
1890 removed to Puyallup, Wash., where he was