ROOT, Joseph Moseley, representative, was
born at Brutus, Cayuga county, N.Y., Oct. 7,
1807; son of Edward and Sally (Cole) Root,
grandson of Joseph and Typhena (Moseley) Root,
and a descendant of John Roote, who emigrated
from Bad by, Northamptonshire, England, in 1640,
and was one of the first settlers of Farmington.
He studied law at Auburn, N.Y., in 1829 was ad
mitted to the bar, and removed to Norwalk, Ohio.



On June 22. 1835, he married Mary Smyser,
daughter of John and Sarah (Ebert) Buckingham
of Norwalk. He became prosecuting attorney of
Huron county, and in 1840-42 was state senator.
He was a Whig representative from Ohio in the
29th, 30th, and 31st congresses, 1845-51, serving
as chairman of the committees on the post-office
and on expenditures in the treasury department.
His course as a member of the 29th congress was
signalized by uniform and unrelenting opposition
to the Mexican war. He was one of the number
known as " the immortal fourteen who voted
against the declaratory act of the 13th and against
supplies to carry on the war. In the struggle for
the organization of the territories in congress, in
the winter of 1848 Mr. Root bure a prominent
part. He offered the resolution of Dec. 13,1848,
excluding slavery from the proposed states of
New Mexico and California, which was passed by
a vote of 108 to 80. Because of the pro-slavery
tendencies of the Whig party, he left that party
and became a Free Soiler, and was one of the
leading advocates of the principles of the party
in Ohio. Subsequently he became a Republican
and was a presidential elector on the Lincoln
and Hamlin ticket in 1861, and a delegate to the
Philadelphia Loyalists convention in 1866. Mr.
Root removed to Sandusky, Ohio, in 1840 and
died there April 7, 1879.

ROOT, Oren, educator, was born in Syracuse,
N.Y.. May 18, 1838 ; son of Oren and Nancy
Whitney (Buttrick) Root ; grandson of Elihu
and Achsa (Pomeroy) Root, and of Horatio Gates
and Mary (Barnard) Buttrick, and a descendant
of Capt. James Root of Great Barrington. Mass.,
and of Major John Buttrick of Concord. Mass.
Oren Root, Sr. (1803-1885), graduate of Hamil
ton, 1833 (LL.D., University of Rochester, 1865),
was professor of mathematics, astronomy, min
eralogy and geology, 1849-81. Oren Root. Jr.,
was graduated from Hamilton in 1856; was ad
mitted to the bar in 1858, and practised in Mil
waukee, Wis., 1858-59. He was married, first,
Dec. 2, 1862, to Anna Julia, daughter of John
Higgins of Waterford, N.Y. ; she died in Sep
tember, 1865 ; secondly in May, 1867, to Ida Cecile,
daughter of John B. Gordon ; she died in Sep
tember, 1896; and thirdly, December 16, 1901. to
Anna, daughter of Chief-Justice R. D. Kay of
Carrollton, Mo. He was professor of English in
the State University of Missouri, 1866-71 ; pre
sident of Pritchett college, Glasgow, Mo., 1873-
76; entered the ministry of the Presbyterian
church, 1874 ; changed to that of the Dutch Re
formed church in 1890; became professor of
mathematics at Hamilton college in 1880, and
was pastor at Utica, N.Y., 1890-94. He received
the honorary degree of D.D. from Rutgers col
lege in 1891, and that of LL.D. from Union col-

[546]



ROPES



ROSE



lege in ISO.!. He was co-editor of The Columbian
Speaker (1874); TheFranWn Speaker (1875), and
The Hamilton Declamation Quarterly (1895); and
is the author of : Brief Elementary Trigonometry
(1899).

ROPES, John Codman, author, was born in
St. Petersburg, Russia, April 28, 1836 ; son of
William and Mary Anne (Codinan) Ropes. His
father was a Boston merchant, temporarily living
in St. Petersburg, and afterward in London,
1837-43. He studied at Chauncy Hall, Boston :
was graduated from Harvard, A.B., 1857, and
LL.B/1861 ; and on Nov. 28, 1861, began practice
in Boston. He made five tours of Europe be
tween 1870 and 1884, collecting materials for his
life of Napoleon, and delivered a course of seven
lectures upon Bonaparte and his Empire " before
the Lowell Institute in 1885. He was elected a
member of the Union club of Boston in 1864,
serving successively as its director, treasurer and
vice-president ; was made a companion of the
third class of the Loyal Legion of the United
States ; was president of the Bristow club of
Boston in 1876 ; a member of the board of visitors
to the U.S. Military academy, 1878 ; was elected
a member of the Massachusetts Historical so
ciety, 1880, and a fellow of the Royal Historical
society of London in 1888. He was also the
founder of the Military Historical Society of
Massachusetts. He received the honorary degree
of LL.D. from Harvard in 1897, and was an over
seer, 1868-76. He edited, with JolmC. Gray, the
American Law Review, 1866-70, and is the author
of : Likenesses to Julius C&sar (1877); The Army
Under Pope, in " Campaigns of the Civil War"
(1881); Campaign of Waterloo (1893 ; 3d ed., 1894),
and .4 Story of the Civil War (Part I., 1894 ; Part
II., 1899). He bequeathed to the Military His
torical Society of Massachusetts his collection of
memorabilia of the Napoleonic regime. He died
in Boston, Mass., Oct. 28, 1899.

RORER, Sarah Tyson (Heston), educator and
author, was born in Richboro, Pa., Oct. 18, 1849;
daughter of Charles Tyson and Elizabeth (Sagers)
Heston ; granddaughter of William Penn Heston,
and a descendant of Col. Edward Heston of
Hestonville, Philadelphia. She was graduated
from East Aurora, N.Y., academy in 1869, and
in February, 1871, was married to William Albert
Rorer of Philadelphia, Pa. She made a special
study of domestic science and became well known
as a writer on cookery and kindred subjects.
She was principal of the Philadelphia School of
Domestic Science, 1881-92 ; editor and partial
owner of Table Talk, 1886-92 ; editor and half
owner of Household News, 1893-97, and director
of the State Fair Domestic Science school, Spring
field, 111.. 1899. In 1897 she accepted a position
on the staff of the Ladies Home Journal. Her



published books, which reached a wide circula
tion, include: Mrs, Rorer s Cook Book (1886);
Home Candy Making (1888); Canning and Pre
serving (1888); Hot Weather Dishes (1889); Sand
wiches (1896); Colonial Cookery (1896) ; How to
Use a Chafing Dish (1896); New Salads (1897);
Made Overs (1899) ; Bread and Bread Making
(1900) ; Good Cooking (1901); A Book on Diet
and Cookery (1902).

ROSATI, Joseph, R.C. bishop, was born at
Sora, Naples, Italy, Jan. 12, 1789 ; son of John and
Vienna (Soresi) Rosati. He joined the Lazarist
order ; attended the seminary at Monte Citorio,
Rome, and was ordained, Feb. 10, 1811, at Rome.
He studied English, and accepted a call from
Bishop Dubourg of New Orleans, to come to
the United States, sailing from Bordeaux, France,
June 13, 1816, and arriving at Baltimore, Md.,
July 26, 1816. He preached in Louisville, Ky.,
1816-17 ; St. Louis, Mo., 1817-18, and removed to
the Barrens, Perry county, Mo., in 1818, where
he erected a building and founded a Lazarist
college in 1819, being chosen its first superior
and professor of logic arid theology. The name
of the college was changed to St. Mary s. He
was superior of the Lazarists in the United
States, 1820-30, and was consecrated bishop co
adjutor of New Orleans, at Ascension parish,
by Bishop Dubourg, assisted by Bishops Sibourd
and Sedalla. He refused the bishopric of New-
Orleans, March 14, 1826, and accepted the ap
pointment of bishop of the newly erected see of
St. Louis, March 20, 1827. He was administrator
of Louisiana, 1826-29 ; co-operated with the
Jesuits in the establishment of St. Louis univer
sity, and built a cathedral at St. Louis, which
was consecrated in October, 1834. He was a
member of the first four provincial councils of
Baltimore ; went to Rome in 1840, and was ap
pointed apostolic delegate to Hayti to reorganize
the Haytian church. He died in Rome, Italy,
Sept. 25, 1843.

ROSE, Chauncey, philanthropist, was born
in Wethersfield, Conn., Dec. 24, 1794. In 1817 he
settled in Terre Haute, Ind., which became his
permanent home, with the exception of the
years 1819-25, which he spent in Park county,
Ind., engaged in milling. By his successful mer
cantile interests in Terre Haute and by land in
vestments he became a man of wealth and influ
ence, organizing the Terre Haute and Indiana
polis railroad company. All of his New York
charities grew out of an act of justice, which
he considered due from him to his brother John,
a cotton broker of New York, who had left a
fortune of $900,000. This fortune, in danger of
being diverted, was rescued by Mr. Rose after
six years of litigation, the estate having then
increased to $1.600,000, and was distributed



[547]



ROSECRANS



ROSECRAXS




among eighty-two of the charitable organiza
tions of New York city, eacli of which received
an amount ranging from $300 to $220,000. He also
presented his native town of Wethersfield with
$12,000 for the endowment of an academy. Mr.
Rose was especially interested in the promotion
of education, and his personal charities include :
$8,000 to the Indiana State Normal school, for a
library ; $00,000 for the endowment of two pro
fessorships in Wabash university, and $450.000
to establish and endow an industrial school in
Terre Haute, which was
founded in 1874, and in 1875
named in his honor the Rose
Polytechnic institute, Mr.
Rose serving as president
of its board of managers
until his death. By the
terms of his will this insti
tution was named as his residuary legatee. He
died in Terre Haute. Ind., Aug. 13. 1877.

ROSECRANS, Sylvester Morton, R. C. bishop,
was born at Homer, Licking county, Ohio, Feb.
5, 1827 ; son of Crandall and Johanna Roseorans,
and brother of Gen. AVilliam Starke Rosecrans,
He matriculated at Kenyon college in the class
of 1847, but having embraced the Roman Catholic
faith he left the college in 1845 to enter St. John s
college, Fordham, where he was graduated in,
1846. He then went to Rome and was graduated
from the Propaganda with the degree of D. D.,
Sep. 4, 1851, and in the distribution of awards
on that day, he took premiums for sacred scrip
ture, dogmatic theology, ecclesiastical history
and Gregorian music. He was ordained. July 16,
1852, at Rome, by the Cardinal Vicar, and returned
to the United States. He was assistant pastor at
St. Peter s cathedral. Cincinnati, 1852-59, and pro
fessor at Mt. St. Mary s Seminary of the West and
at St. Gregory s preparatory seminary at Cedar
Point. 1859-62. He was elected titular bishop of
Pompeiopolis" and auxiliary bishop of Cin
cinnati, and was consecrated March 25, 1862, by
Archbishop Purcell, assisted by Bishops Spauld-
ing and Luers. He was translated to the see of
Columbus, on its establishment in 1868, becoming
its first bishop, March 3, 1868. He edited the
Catholic Telegraph for several years, and during
his bishoporic St. Mary s of the Spring academy,
connected with the Convent and Mother s House
of the Dominican sisters at Shepard, Franklin
county, Ohio, was founded ; St. Aloysius acad
emy, New Lexington, was erected. and St. Joseph s
cathedral was begun, being consecrated on the
day before he died. He died at Columbus, Ohio,
Oct. 21, 1878.

ROSECRANS, William Starke, soldier, was
born in Kingston. Ross county, Ohio, Sept. 6,
1819 ; son of Crandall and Johanna Rosecrans.




The family came from Amsterdam, Holland, and
settled in AVilkes Bar re, Pa., the name beingorig-
inally spelled Rosenkrantz. Crandall Rosecrans
settled in Licking county, Ohio, and was a Metho
dist. William was graduated from tlieU. 8. Mil
itary academy in 1842 and was assigned to the
engineer corps. He was converted to the Roman
Catholic faith while at West Point, and addressed
a letter to his brother Sylvester Horton Rose
crans (q. v.) then a student in Kenyon college,
which determined his change of faith. Lieuten
ant Rosecrans served as assistant engineer in
the construction of the fortifications at Hampton
Roads. Va., 1842-43 ; was promoted 2d lieutenant.
April 3, 1843, and
served as assistant
professor of engineer
ing at the U.S. Mil
itary academy, 1843-
44 and 1845-47 : as
principal assistant
professor, 1846-47. and
as assistant professor
of natural and exper
imental philosophy,
1844-45. He superin
tended the repairs of
Fort Adams, R.I.,
1847-53.made surveys
of the Taunton river
and New Bedford har

bor, Mass., 1852-53 ; superintended the improve
ment of Providence Harbor. R.I., and the repairs
of Goat Island light-house, Newport. R.I., 1852-53,
and of Washington navy yard, D.C., 1853-54. He
was promoted 1st lieutenant, March 3,1853, and re
signed his commission, April 1, 1854. He entered
civil life as a civil engineer and architect at Cin
cinnati, Ohio, in 1854 ; was superintendent of the
Cannel Coal company, Coal River, Va., 1855-57 ;
president of the Coal River Navigation com pan} ,
Va., 1856-57, and engaged in the manufacture of
kerosene oil at Cincinnati, Ohio, 1857-61. He
organized and drilled the home guard depart
ment of the Ohio as volunteer aide-de-camp to
Major-General McClellan, April-June, 1861 ; was
promoted colonel of staff and chief engineer,
June 9, 1861, and laid out Camp Dennison, near
Cincinnati. He was appointed colonel of the 23d
Ohio volunteers, June 10, 1861, and was in com
mand of Camp Chase, June 10-20, 1861. He was
appointed brigadier-general, U.S.V., May 16, 1861,
and on June 23, 1861. entered western Virginia
in command of one of the three brigades under
McClellan. He captured General Pegram s camp
at Rich Mountain, July 11. 1861, and on July 22.
1861, succeeded McClellan as ranking officer in
the Western Virginia campaign and in November.
1871, the Department of Western Virginia was



/^ S /?
// ^^/^-



[548]



ROSECRANS



ROSENTHAL



formed and he was regularly assigned to the
command. He marched from Clarksburg against
Floyd in September, 1861, and this inarch led to
the combat of Carnifex Ferry, Sept. 10, 1801. and
the driving of Floyd from the district after mak
ing a slight resistance at Gauley Bridge, Nov. 1,
18IJI. He was promoted major-general. U.S.V.,
March 21, 1862, and on June 11, 1862. succeeded
General Pope to the command of the Army of the
Mississippi. He \vas in command of the Union
forces in the battle of luka, MUs.. Sept. 19, 1862,
and after the battle he was put in command of
ths district of West Tennessee, with headquarters
at Corinth. Sept. 26. 1662. General Grant remov
ing his headquarters to Jackson. Tenn. He for
tified and successfully defended Corinth from
the assault by General Van Dorn. Sept. 3-4, 1862,
driving the Confederates back to Ripley, the
cavalry pursuing the retreating army for 60 miles,
when he was ordered back to Corinth by General
Grant in spite of his protests and assurances that
he could press the enemy, then thoroughly de
moralized, and capture Vicksburg. The Confed
erate loss was 1423 officers and men killed and
left for the Federal officers to bury : probably
5000 wounded. 2268 prisoners captured : 3300
stands of small arms : 1 4 stands of colors : 2 pieces
of artillery and a large quantity of equipments.
Rosecrans s loss was 355 killed, 1841 wounded and
324 captured or missing. He succeeded General
Buell in command of the department of the
Cumberland, Oct. 20 1862. and after securing a
thorough reorganization of the Army of the Cum
berland (Fourteenth Army Corps), on Dec. 26,
1862. he began his march toward Nashville, where
he expected to give battle to Gen. Braxton Bragg,
then at Murfreesboro on Stone s River. The battle
of Stone s River, Dec. 31, 1862-Jan. 3. 1863. fol
lowed, in which the Confederate loss in killed
and wounded was 9000 while Rosecranslost about
an equal number : but the field was held by the
Federals, Bragg falling back to Tullalioma. In
January. 1863, after the disaster of the Army of
the Potomac under Burnside, General Halleck
and Secretary Stanton favored the appointment
of Rosecrans to the command of that army, but
the President thought it injudicious to put an
other western man in command, and Hooker was
appointed. Rosecrans claimed that by holding
Bragg s army entrenched at its camp before Mur
freesboro he strengthened Grant at Vicksburg,
and it was not till June 24, 1863. when news from
Vicksburg indicated the speedy fall of that place,
that Rosecrans moved on Bragg s entrenched
army, and on July 4. he had possession of the
camps, and on July 7. Bragg was in full retreat
over the Cumberland mountains to Chattanooga.
Rosecrans skilfully maneuvered the Confederate
army south of the Tennessee river and through



and beyond Chattanooga. Here instead of en
trenching, he kept up the pursuit while Bragg
was being re-enforced from Mississippi, and by
Longstreet from the Army of Northern Virginia.
Rosecrans, in time, had to fall back, and a battle
was fought on Sept. 19-20. 1863. when he was
badly defeated, abandoning Lookout Mountain
and Missionary Ridge and falling back on Chat
tanooga Sept. 21, 1863. which place he began to
fortify. His loss in killed, wounded and missing
was 16.179 against 17,804, by the Confederate
armj". He was superseded by General Thomas
Oct. 23, 1863, and was awaiting orders Oct. 1863-
June, 1864. He was given command of the De
partment of the Missouri, Jan. 28. 1864, with
headquarters at St. Louis, Mo., and on Dec. 9,
1864, he was relieved of his command without
explanation, and was on leave of absence, 1865-67.
He was brevetted major-general, U.S. arm}-.
March 13, 186."), for gallant and distinguished
services at the battle of Stone s River, Tenn.. and
was mustered out of the volunteer service, Jan.
15. 1866. He resigned his commission March 28,
1867, and was appointed U.S. minister to Mexico
July 27, 1868. and from 1869 to 1881 he engaged
in railway and industrial enterprises in Mexico.
He was elected president of the San Jose Mining
company in 1871 ; president of the Safety Powder
company of San Francisco in 1878, and was a
Democratic representative in the 47th and 48th
congresses, 1881-85, serving as chairman of the
committee on military affairs. He was register of
the U.S. treasury, 1885-93. and in February, 1889,
was restored to the rank and pay of brigadier-
general, U.S.A. and placed on the retired list. He
is the author of Battle of Corinth in " Battles and
Leaders of the Civil war." (Vol. II. pp. 737-57).
He died at Rosecrans, twelve miles from Los
Angeles, Cal., March 11, 1898, and his body was
conveyed to the Arlington National Cemetery,
Washington. D.C.. for interment.

ROSENTHAL, Max, teacher and engraver, was
born in Turck, Russian Poland, Nov. 23. 1833.
He studied lithograph} , drawing and painting
under Thurwanger in Paris, France, 1847-49;
came to Philadelphia, Pa., in the latter year,
where he continued his studies, and subsequently
established himself as a lithographer and por
trait-painter, making the plates for " Wild Scenes
and Wild Horses," the first book illustrated en
tirely by chromo-lithography in the United
States. He was married, Nov. 2, 1858, to Caroline,
daughter of Abraham Rosenthal. During the
civil war he accompanied the Army of the Poto
mac as artist, reproducing nearly every encamp
ment, and was afterward engaged in book illus
trating until 1884. when he took up etching and
the production of mezzo-tints, principally of
the portraits of famous Americans, those of



[540]



ROSS



ROSS



Daniel Webster and Benjamin Franklin being
the largest and most important. Among his art
works are illustrations for several of Longfellow s
poems; Storm Approaches (1884), after a paint
ing by Henry Mosler ; a copy of La Rixe, after
an etching from Meissonier s painting ; the orig
inal etchings, Doris, the Sheplierd s Maiden (1885),
and Marguerite (1886), and etchings of the exte
rior and of the high altar of the Catholic cathe
dral, New York city (1887). He also added ten
engravings of unengraved portraits of Washing
ton to Washingtona, and in 1903 was completing
a large mezzo-tinto of Washington from the paint
ing by Trumbull in the city hall at Charleston,
S.C.

ROSS, Clinton, author, was born in Bingham-
ton, N.Y., July 31, 1861 ; son of Erastus and Cor
nelia (Corbett) Ross ; grandson of Alfred and
Elizabeth (Drake) Ross, and of Cooper and Cor
nelia (Bayless) Corbett, and a descendant of the
Corbetts of Warwickshire, England, and the
Rosses of Scotland. He prepared for college at
Phillips Andover academy, and was graduated
from Yale in 1884, after which he travelled ex
tensively. In 1892 and 1895 he passed some
months on the reportorial staff of the New York
Evening Sun, but later devoted himself exclu
sively to the study of literature and the drama.
He is the author of : The Silent Workman (1886) ;
Tlte Speculator (1888); The Adventures of Titree
Worthies (1891); Improbable Talcs (1892): Ttco
Soldiers and a Politician (1892); The Countess
Bettina (1895); The Scarlet Coat (1896); The Pup
pet (1896); Chalmette(\Wl}; The Meddling Hussy
(1896); ^l Trooper of the Empress (1898); ZnlelM
(1898); Heroes of Our War icith Spain (1898);
Battle Tales (1898); Men, Women and Comedies
(1903); The Tale of Many Gods (1903), and numer
ous magazine articles.

ROSS, Edmund Gibson, senator, was born in
Ashland, Ohio, Dec. 7, 1826 ; son of Sylvester F.
and Cynthia (Rice) Ross. He was apprenticed to
the trade of a printer at Huron, Ohio, in the
summer of 1838, and removed to Milwaukee,
Wis., in 1847, where he was employed as fore
man of the Milwaukee Sentinel job printing
rooms, 1852-56, He removed to Kansas in 1856 ;
was a soldier in the Free State army in the contro
versy that then opened, and was a member of the
state constitutional convention in 1859. He
edited the Kansas Tribune at Topeka, 1856-61, at
that time the only Free State organ in the
territory, all other Free State papers having been
destroyed. In 1862 he joined the Federal army
as a private, was made captain of a company, and
in 1863 was promoted major. He was appointed
U.S. senator from Kansas to fill the vacancy
caused by the death of James H. Lane, July 25,
1866, was elected at the succeeding winter



session of the state legislature, and served till
March 4. 1871. He voted for the acquittal of
President Johnson in the impeachment trial,
May 16, 1868, and this, as he fully foresaw at the
time, cost him political ostracism. lie was the
defeated Democratic candidate for governor of
Kansas in 1880, and in 1882 removed to Albu
querque. New Mexico, where he engaged in the
newspaper business. He was appointed by Pres
ident Cleveland governor of the territory, serv
ing. 1885-89, and in the latter year lie returned
to Albuquerque where lie was still residing in 1903.

ROSS, Edward Alsworth, political economist
and sociologist, was born in Virden, 111., Dec. 12,
1866 ; son of William Carpenter and Rachel (Als
worth) Ross ; grandson of Carpenter Ross. He
was graduated from Coe college, Cedar Rapids,
Iowa, in 1886 ; was a student at the University of
Berlin, 1888-89. and at Johns Hopkins university,
in the department of history, politics and econ
omics, 1890-91, and took the degree of Ph.D. at
Johns Hopkins in 1891. He was married, June
16, 1892, to Rosamond Comstock, daughter of
Francis Simons of Washington, D.C. He was
professor of economics and social science at In
diana university, 1891-92 ; associate professor of
political economy and finance at Cornell univer-
versity, 1892-93 ; professor of economic theory
and finance at Leland Stanford Junior university,
1893-97, and professor of sociology, 1897-1900.
In November. 1900. his public expressions on cer
tain sociological questions not meeting the ap
proval of Mrs. Stanford, he was requested to re
sign. He was appointed lecturer on sociology in
the University of Nebraska in January, 1901. and
professor of sociology in April. He was also ap
pointed lecturer on sociology in Harvard univer
sity for the year 1901-02. During 1892-93 he was
secretary of the American Economic association,
and in 1900 he was chosen associate of the Insti-
tut International de Sociologie. He was made an
advisory editor of the American Journal of Soci
ology. He is the author of a monograph, Sinking
Funds (1892): a brochure, Honest Dollars (1896);
a volume, Social Control (1901), and numerous
contributions to the Political Science Quarterly,
the Quarterly Journal of Economics, the Amials
of Hie American Academy, the American Journal
of Sociology, and other periodicals.

ROSS, George, signer, was born in New Castle,
Del., in 1730 ; son of the Rev. George and Cath
erine (Van Gezel) Ross, and grandson of David
Ross of Scotland. His father (1679-1754) was