In 1785 lie became sole owner and editor, changed
the name of the paper to the Columbian Centinel,
and continued to edit and publish it for forty-
four years. During the crisis that followed the
treaty of Versailles, and through the trying times
of Shays s rebellion, when other papers were
stirring up sedition. Russell stood for nationalism,
and gave the administration of Washington his
unlimited support. He made a specialty of local
news, which he gathered on street-corners and
in public meetings, and to procure foreign news
he visited every vessel that came to Boston.
During the exile of Louis Philippe and other
noblemen to this country, Mr. Russell made life
long friendships. He received an atlas from
Louis Philippe, which later proved a great aid
when he was editing the war news from Europe.
In 1795 he started the Boston Gazette. He retired
from the Centinel in 1828 and from the Gazette in
1830. The Centinel is considered the best type
of the early political newspaper of the United
States. The most eminent Federalist statesmen
and writers contributed to its columns and
it wielded no little influence in the early his
tory of New England. It was united with the
New England Paladium in 1830 and with the
Boston Gazette in 1836. In 1840 it became
merged in the Daily Advertiser. Mr. Russell was
a member of the state senate, of the governor s
council, and of the constitutional convention of
1820. He published all the laws and official
documents of the first congress, 1789-91, intend
ing that the work should be gratuitous, but a few
years later, when the treasury could afford to
pay, he was presented with $7,000. He died in
Boston, Mass., Jan. 4, 1845.
RUSSELL, Charles Addison, representative,
was born in Worcester, Mass., March 2, 1852 ; son
of Isaiah Dunster and Nancy (Went worth) Rus
sell ; grandson of Moses and Betsy (Dunster)
Russell, and of Jason and Mary (Meriam) Russell,
and a descendant of Henry Dunster (q.v.), first
president of Harvard college. He was graduated
from Yale college, 1873, and was city editor of the
Worcester Press until 1879, when he became con
nected with the Spy. He was married in May,
1879, to Ella Frances, daughter of Sabin L. and
Deborah (Mitchell) Sayles of Killingly, Conn.
He engaged in business as a wool merchant ; was
aide-de-camp with the rank of colonel on Gover
nor Bigelow s staff. 1881-82 : a representative in
the state legislature in 1883 ; secretary of state of
Connecticut, 1885-86, and a Republican repre
sentative from the third district of Connecticut
in the 50th-56th congresses, 1887-1901. He died
in Killingly, Conn.. Oct. 23. 1902.
RUSSELL, Daniel Lindsay, governor of North
Carolina, was born in Brunswick county. N.C.,
Aug. 7, 1845 ; son of Daniel Lindsay and Caroline
Elizabeth (Sanders) Russell, and grandson of
Thomas and Abiah (Ward) Russell, and of David
Ward and Alice
(Mitchell) Sanders.
and a descendant of
the Rev. David Lind
say, who came from
Glasgow, Scotland,
about 1658, and set
tled on the Rappahan-
iiock river in Vir
ginia, and of Gen.
William Russell, who
came to Virginia in
1710 with Gover
nor Spots wood. His
father was a Whig
representative in the
state legislature for
several terms, and his grandfather, the Hon. David
Ward Sanders of Onslow county, was a member
of the state constitutional convention of 1835. and
a member of Guv. William A. Graham s council.
1845-49. He was a student at the Bingham
school ; attended the University of North Caro
lina, 1860-61 ; was captain in the Confederate
army ; was a representative in the state legisla
ture, 1864-66, thus being twice elected before he
was twenty-one, and was admitted to the bar in
1866. He was married, Aug. 16. 1869. to Sarah
Amanda, daughter of Isaac Newton ar.d Sarah
Caroline (Burns) Sanders of Onslow county. N.C.
He was judge of the superior court for the 4th
judicial circuit, 1868-74 ; a representative from
Brunswick county in the state legislature. 1876-
77, and a National Greenback representative in
the 46th congress, 1879-81. He resumed the
practice of law at Wilmington in 1881, and in
1896 was elected governor of North Carolina by
the Republicans by a plurality of nearly 9000,
serving, 1897-1901. His administration was mark
ed by a conservative but independent course,
and at its close he resumed the practice of law.
[574]
RUSSELL
RUSSELL
RUSSELL, David, representative, was born in
Masachusetts in 1800 ; a descendant of Richard Rus
sell (1612-74), who immigrated to the United States,
1640, and was treasurer of Massachusetts, 1044-74,
through James (1640-1709), judge and treasurer
of Massachusetts, 1680-86, and Chambers (1713-
67: Harvard, 1731), judge of the Massachusetts
superior court of admiralty. He attended the
common schools, and was admitted to the bar in
Salem, N.Y.. where lie began practice. He was
a member of the New York assembly from Wash
ington county, 1816 and 1830 ; U.S. district attor
ney for northern New York, and a Whig repre
sentative in the 24th, 25th and 26th congresses,
1833-41, serving as chairman of the committee
on claims. In the latter year lie returned to the
practice of law in Salem, N.Y., where lie died,
Nov. 24, 1S61.
RUSSELL, David Allen, soldier, was born in
Salem, N.Y., Dec. 10, 1820 ; son of David Russell
(q.v.). He was graduated from the U.S. Military
academy, and promoted brevet 2d lieutenant,
1st infantry, July 1, 1845 ; was promoted 2d
lieutenant, 4th infantry, Sept. 21. 184(5 ; was
brevetted 1st lieutenant, Aug. 15, 1847, " for gal
lant and meritorious conduct in the several affairs
with guerilleros, at Paso Ovejas, National Bridge
and Cerro Gordo, Mexico ; was promoted 1st
lieutenant, Jan 1, 1848 ; was on frontier, garrison
and recruiting service, 1848-54; was promoted
captain. June 22,1854; engaged in the combat
with the Indians on Tappinish river, Simcoe
valley, Ore., Oct. 6-8, 1855; in the hostilities in
Washington Territory, 1856; and remained on
duty in Oregon and California until Nov. 27, 1861,
when he was called to the defences of Washing
ton, March 10, 1862, and assigned to the com
mand of the 7th Massachusetts volunteers,
Jan. 31, 1862. He was ordered to the Peninsula,
March 10, 1862, and assigned to Devens s brigade,
Couch s division, Keyes s 4th corps, in the siege
of Yorktown, the battles of Williamsburg and
Fair Oaks and the seven days battles around Rich
mond, and was brevetted lieutenant-colonel, for
gallant and meritorious services, July 1, 1862, and
promoted major of the 8th U.S. infantry, Aug. 9,
1862, the regiment being attached to Couch s di
vision, Franklin s 4th corps, in the Antietam
campaign. He was promoted brigadier-general,
U.S. volunteers, Nov. 29, 1862, and in the Rappa-
hannock campaign commanded the 3d brigade,
Brooks s division, Smith s 6th corps, under Gen
eral Burnside, and was engaged in the battle of
Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. At the battle of
Snlem Heights, May 4, 1863, when Sedgwick.
commanding the corps, fell back, it devolved
upon General Russell to withdraw the picket
line, and he crossed the river in safety, although
troops and bridges were shelled by the enemy s
artillery. Early in June General Russell s bri
gade, with that of Ames, was detailed under
Pleasanton to obtain information as to the ene
my s position, and he crossed Kelly s Ford, pro
ceeded to Brand} Station and thence to Culpeper,
and participated in the combat at Beverly Ford,
June 9, 1863. The 6th corps arrived at Gettys
burg, July 2, 1863, after a long march from Man
chester, and with the 5th corps succeeded in
checking and finally repulsing the opposing Con
federate force about sunset. For his gallant and
meritorious conduct at Gettysburg. General Rus
sell was brevetted colonel, U.S.A. He engaged
in the pursuit of Lee to Warrenton, Va. , and with
his division alone brilliantly assaulted the Rappa-
hannock redoubts, Nov. 7, 1863, facing the con
tinuous and destructive fire of the enemy, and
broke over the parapet. Sergt. Otis O. Roberts,
company II, of the 6th Maine, captured the colors,
and Col. Emory Upton s brigade, advanced to the
head of the pontoon-bridges, cutting off the ene
my s retreat and capturing more than 1600 pris
oners, 8 colors, all the guns, and 2000 stands of
small-arms. General Russell, accompanied by one
company of each of the regiments engaged, was
ordered formallj to present the captured flags at
headquarters. He was then ordered by General
Meadeto present the flags to the war department
of Washington. Sergeant Otis to accompany him,
and was also offered a leave of absence on account
of the wound which he had received during the
assault. In three days he returned from Wash
ington, reporting that Secretary Stanton had been
too busy to receive him, and that consequently
he had sent the flags to the war departmen t. Gen
eral Russell was soon after compelled to go to the
hospital for treatment, which detained him more
than sixty days, and it required the combined in
fluence of Generals Meade, Sedgwick and Wright
to prevent his being mustered out of service.
On May 10, 1864. with General Upton, he com
manded a selected column of the 6th corps, and
carried the works near Spottsylvania, one of the
few Federal victories in the Wilderness campaign.
In the battle of Cold Harbor, June 1, 1864, he
commanded the 1st division of the 6th corps, and
held the left of the line of battle. His division
met with severe losses and he was wounded, but
refused to leave the field during the day. He
commanded the 1st division in the Army of the
Shenandoah, and at the battle of Winchester,
when the Federal center, weakened by Emory s
19th corps, was being driven back by Rodes. lie
led his division into the breach, striking the flank
of the Confederates w r ho were pursuing Gi over,
and thus restored the lines and checked the ene
my s advance, but received a mortal wound, and
was brevetted major-general, U.S.A., on the
field. He died at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864.
RUSSELL
RUSSELL
RUSSELL, Henry Benajah, journalist and au
thor, was born at Russell, Mass., March 9, 1859 ;
son of Edwin Armstrong and Sarah Louise
(Tinker) Russell ; grandson of Abel and Emeliue
(Loomis), and of David Parks and Mary Elizabeth
(Hamilton) Tinker ; greats-grandson of William
Russell, who came from England to New Haven,
Conn., before 1700 ; and a descendant of Joseph
Loomis, Windsor, Conn., 1639; Thomas Tinker,
Mayfloioer passenger, 1620, and John Hamilton,
Sudbury, Mass., an original settler of Bradford.
He was graduated from the Connecticut Literary
institute, Suffield, Conn., 1877; from Amherst,
1881; was a reporter on the Springfield, Mass.,
Republican, 1881-82, and editor of the Meriden,
Conn., Press-Recorder, 1882-84. He was married,
Sept. 25, 1885, to Louisa Annette, daughter of
Silas W. Clark of Suffield, Conn. He was a special
writer on the New York Sun, 1884-88 ; editorial
writer on the Providence Journal, 1888-90,
and associate editor of the Hartford Post, 1890-
97. He is the author of : Life of William Mc-
Kinley (1896); International Monetary Confer
ences (1898); Illustrated History of Our War
with Spain (1899), and of contributions to various
periodicals.
RUSSELL, Isaac Franklin, jurist, was born in
Hamden, Conn., Aug. 25, 1857 ; son of the Rev.
William Henry and Susan Voorhies (Hiller) Rus
sell. His father was for fifty years a Methodist
preacher in the New York East conference. He
prepared for college at Southold academy, L.I. ,
N.Y.; was graduated from New York university
with highest honors. A.B., 1875, LL.B., 1877, and
A.M., 1878; and from Yale, LL.M., 1879, and
D.C.L., 1880. He was admitted to the bar in 1878 ;
was lecturer on Roman law at New York univer
sity, 1880-81, and in 1881 became professor of law
and political science there, being also engaged in
the active practice of law. He was married in
Brooklyn, N.Y., July 8, 1886, to Ruth, daughter
of Walter M. Ferriss of Bay Ridge, Long Island,
N.Y. He was lecturer to the women s law class
in the university, 1892-1902 ; a member of the
Brooklyn institute, the Long Island Historical
society, the American Geographical society, and
an occasional preacher in Methodist, Congre
gational and Reformed churches in New York
and Brooklyn. Dickinson college conferred upon
him. the honorary degree of LL.D. in 1893. His
works include : Lectures on Law for Women
(1892); Outline Study of Law (3 vols., 1894, 1895,
1900), and contributions to the Methodist Re
view (1896-97); Yale Law Review (1897); The
American Lawyer (1898); Albany Law Journal
(1899); Law A T ofe*(1900).
RUSSELL, Israel Cook, geologist, was born
in Garrattsville, N.Y., Dec. 10, 1852; son of
Barnabas and Louisa Sherman (Cook) Russell;
grandson of Joseph and Rachel (Leggett) Russell
and of Israel and Edith (Sherman) Cook, and a des
cendant of Ralph Russell, who emigrated to Massa
chusetts from Monmouthshire, England, 1C50,
and established the first iron works in America
at Taunton, Mass.. in 1652; and of Joseph Rns-
sell, the founder of New Bedford, Mass. He was
graduated from the University of the City of New
York, B.S. and C.E., 1872; M.S., 1875: received
later the degree LL.D., and attended the Columbia
School of Mines, 1872-74. He was photographer
of the United States expedition to Queenstown,
New Zealand, to observe the transit of Venus.
1874-75 ; assistant in geology, School of Mines,
Columbia college, 1875-77 ; assistant geologist
with Professor J. J. Stevenson, 1878 ; assistant
geologist, 1879, and geologist of the U.S. geolo
gical survey, 1880-92; in 1889 ascended the
Yukon river, and in 1890 led an exploring expe
dition to Mount St. Elias, Alaska, renewing the
attempt to climb the mountain the next summer.
In 1892 he became professor of geology at the
University of Michigan. He was married, Nov.
27, 1886, to Julia Augusta, daughter of John
Dvviglit and Susan (Hathorne) Olmsted. He was
sent to Martinique and St. Vincent in May, 1902,
by the National Geographic society to make a
study of the volcanic eruptions of that month.
He was elected a member or fellow of numerous
scientific societies, and is the author of many
geological treatises and other scientific articles
published in periodicals, and of Lake LaJiontan
(1885) ; The Newark System (1892); Lakes of
North America (1895); Glaciers of North America
(1897); Volcanoes of North America (1897); Rivers
of North America (1898); .4 View of the World in
1 JOU (1900); North America (1903).
RUSSELL, James Earl, pedagogist, was born
at Hamden, Delaware county, N.Y., July 1, 1864;
son of Charles and Sarah (McFarlane) Russell,
and grandson of James Russell, a native of Scot
land. He was graduated from Cornell in 1887 ;
taught in Hill school, Pottstown, Pa., 1887-89 ;
and on June 19, 1889, was married to Agnes,
daughter of William Fletcher of Delhi. He was
principal of Cascadilla school, Ithaca. N.Y.,
1890-93, and was European commissioner of tli3
regents of the University of the State of New
York, and also European agent of the Bureau of
Education,- Washington, D.C. , 1893-95. At the
same time he studied at the Universities of Jena,
Leipzig and Berlin, and received the degree of
Ph.D. from Leipzig in 1895. He was professor
of philosophy and pedagogy, University of Colo
rado, 1895-97 ; and in 1897 became professor of
the history of education in Teachers college,
Columbia university, being appointed also dean
of Teachers college in January, 1898. His pub
lished writings include ; The Extension of Uni-
L57C]
RUSSELL
RUSSELL
versify Teaching in England and America (1895 ;
translated into German, 1895) ; German Higher
ScJiools ; The History. Organization and Methods
of Secondary Education in Germany (1899), and
many contributions to educational periodicals.
RUSSELL, John Edwards, politician, was
born in Greenfield, Mass., Jan. 20. 1884 ; son of
John and Juliana (Witmer) Russell : grandson of
John and Electa (Edwards) Russell, and of
Abram and Barbara (Everly) Witmer. and a des
cendant of John Russell, who immigrated to
Boston in 16:)4, and later settled in Hadley,
Mass., and of his son, Philip, whose brother, the
Rev. John Russell, concealed the regicide judges
for some years in his house at Hadley. Mr.
Russell attended no college, but studied with
private instructors under his father s supervision.
He was married, March 18. 1850, to Caroline,
adopted daughter of John and Zibiah (Bigelow)
Nelson of Leicester, Mass., and in 1858, with his
wife he traveled in South and Central America.
For four years he lived in Nicaragua, studying
the early history of Central America. He returned
to the United States in 1864, and became inter
ested with Benjamin Holladay in mail transporta
tion west of the Mississippi, and in steamship
lines from .San Francisco to the north, but in
1867 retired from business life and settled on a
small estate in Leicester, Mass., belonging to his
wife. He interested himself in travel, study and
agriculture, and from 1880 to 1886 was secretary
of the state board of agriculture, lecturing to
farmers gatherings in all parts of the state. He
was a Democratic representative from the tenth
Massachusetts district in the 50th congress, 1887-
89, served on the committees on foreign affairs
and on pensions, and identified himself with the
incipient free-trade movement. He refused a
re-nomination to congress, but took an active
part in the presidential campaign of 1888. In
1889-90 he traveled in Egypt, Asia Minor and
Greece, refused the Democratic nomination for
governor of Massachusetts, but presided at the
state convention and was active in the campaign.
He was a delegate-at-large to the Democratic
national convention at Chicago in 1892 that nom
inated Cleveland and Stevenson ; participated
in the following campaign, and later declined the
navy portfolio and the embassy to Italy. He
visited Spain in 1893, and that fall was Demo
cratic candidate for governor. He was appointed
by President Cleveland in 1895 one of the three
persons authorized by an act of congress to con
fer with a similar commission appointed by the
Dominion of Canada, to make inquiry and report
on the feasibility of a canal for ocean commerce
between the Atlantic and the Great Lakes. Mr.
Russell was elected secretary of the commission,
and made their report which was the basis of
congressional action. The commission served
without compensation.
RUSSELL, John Henry, naval officer, was
born in Frederick city, Md., July 4, 1827. He
was warranted midshipman, Sept. 10, 1841 ; was
attached to the sloop Cyane of the Pacific squad
ron, 1841-4-) : and served on the St. Mary s in
the Gulf of Mexico, 1844-47, taking part in the
capture of Corpus Christi, and in the blockade
and capture of Vera Cruz. He was promoted
passed midshipman. Aug. 10, 1847, and was
graduated from the U.S. Naval academy in 1848.
He was assigned to the North Pacific exploring
expedition, 1853-56, as acting lieutenant and
navigator, where he secured an official audience
for the American and British envoys with the
Chinese authorities. He was promoted master,
Sept. 14, and lieutenant, Sept. 15, 1855, and was
on ordnance duty in the Washington navy yard
1860-61. He was sent to the Norfolk navy yard,
April 28, 1861, to prevent the Confederates from
capturing the vessels stationed there ; was attach
ed to the frigate Colorado off Pensacola, Fla.,the
same year, and on Sept. 14, commanded a night
expedition composed of 100 men in four boats,
which cut out and destroyed the Confederate
armed schooner Judah, moored to a wharf at the
Pensacola navy yard under protection of a battery
of columbiads. For this service Lieutenant Rus
sell received thanks from President Lincoln,
from the state of Maryland, and from the navy
department. He commanded the steamer Ken-
nebec, in Admiral Farragut s squadron ; took part
in the bombardment of the forts below New
Orleans, and was commissioned lieutenant-com
mander, July 16, 1862. He was on ordnance duty
at Washington, D.C. , in 1864; commanded the
sloop Cyane of the Pacific squadron, 1864-65;
was promoted commander, Jan. 28. 1867; com
manded the
steamer Ossipee,
1869-71, and res
cued the passen
gers and crew
of the Pacific
mail steamer
Continental dur
ing a gale in
September, 1869.
u - ss
He was promoted captain, Feb.
12, 1874, and while in command of the sloop Ply
mouth in 1875, he saved the vessels of the North
Atlantic squadron from an epidemic of yellow
fever at Key West. He commanded the steamer
PoicJiatan. on special service, 1876-77 : was pro
moted commodore, Oct. 30, 1883 ; was in com
mand of the Mare Island navy yard. 1883-86 : was
promoted rear admiral, March 4, 1886, and was
retired at his own request, Aug. 27. 1886. He
died in Washington, D.C., April 1. 1897.
[577]
RUSSELL
RUSSELL
RUSSELL, Jonathan, diplomat, was born at
Providence, R.I., Feb. 21, 1771 ; son of Jonathan
and Abigail Russell. He was graduated at Rhode
Island college, A.B., 1791, A.M. ,1794; studied
law and entered business. He became greatly
interested in politics ; was charge d affaires in
Paris, 1810-11; in London, 1811-12. and on Jan.
8, 1814, was appointed to negotiate a treaty of
peace with Great Britain at Ghent. He was min
ister plenipotentiary to Sweden, 1814-18, and
upon his return to the United States he made his
home in Mendon, Mass.. and was a Democratic
representative from Massachusetts in the 17th
and 18th congresses, 1821-23. Mr. Russell was
twice married ; first, on April 3, 1794, to Sylvia
Amidon. who died, July 10, 1811, and secondly,
on April 2, 1817, to Lydia, daughter of Barney
Smith. Mr. Russell by both marriages had eight
children; oneof them, Jonathan Russell, was con
sul at Manila several years. He received from
Brown the honorary degree of LL.D. in 1817, and
is the author of several addresses and orations
that have been preserved. He died in Milton,
Mass., Feb. 17, 1832.
RUSSELL, William, representative, was born
in Ireland. He immigrated to the United States,
and settled at West Union, Adams county, Ohio.
He was a representative in the state legislature,
1809-10 and 1811-13; state senator, 1819-21; a
Jackson Democratic representative from the fifth
district of Ohio in the 20th, 21st and 22d con
gresses, 1827-33, and was defeated in 1832 as a
candidate for the 23d congress. He removed to
Portsmouth, and was a Whig representative from
the seventh Ohio district in the 27th congress,
1841-43. He died at Portsmouth, O., Oct. 2, 1845.
RUSSELL, William Augustus, representative,
was borii at Wells River, Vt., April 22, 1831 ; son of
William and Almira (Heath) Russell, and a de
scendant of English ancestry. He removed with
his parents at an early age to Franklin, N.H. , where
he attended the academy ; worked in Peabody &
Daniels paper mill during vacation until 1847 ;
attended a private school in Lowell, Mass., 1847-
48 ; worked in his father s paper mill at Franklin,
N.H., 1848-51, becoming a partner in 1850, and
removed the mills to Lawrence, Mass., assuming
entire control of the business, which he extended
by leasing two mills in Belfast, Me., in 1850 ;
purchasing another mill at Lawrence in 1861, and
establishing in 1869 a wood-pulp mill, the first of
its kind, in Franklin, N.H. He purchased the
Fisher and Aiken paper mills in Franklin in 1879,
and located large mills at Bellows Falls, Vt. , pur
chasing the entire water power and building a
darn. He extended his interests in paper mills to
other points in Maine and to St. Anthony s Falls,
Minn., and on the organization of the Interna
tional Paper company in 1897 became a director
and president of the company, resigning in No
vember, 1898, on account of failing health. He
was a Republican alderman of Lawrence, Mass.,
in 1867 ; a representative in the state legislature
in 18G8 ; a delegate to the Republican national
conventions of 1868 and 1876, and a Republican
representative from the seventh Massachusetts
district in the 46th and 47th congresses, 1879-813,
and from the eighth district in the 48th congress,
1883-85, declining re-election in 1884, and serving
in the 46th congress on the committee on com
merce and on a sub-committee to investigate the
decline of American commerce, his report result
ing in a change of the state laws in relation to
the taxation of property in ships, and on the com
mittee on ways and means in the 4Ttli and 48th
congresses as a protectionist. He was married,
first, Feb. 1, 1859, to Elizabeth Haven, daughter
of William A. Hall of Bradford. She died, Dec.
18, 1866, leaving three daughters ; and he was