conduct the expedition in person, being given the
rank of major-general. In a battle fought on a
creek branching from the W T abash river, Nov. 4,

1791, he was surprised, and the army of untrained
soldiers fled in disorder to Fort Jefferson. The
matter was thoroughly investigated by congress,
and St. Clair was exonerated of all blame. He
resigned his commission in the army, and was
succeeded Ity Gen. Anthony Wayne. In 1796,
after unsuccessful attempts to induce a com
petent lawyer to accept the office of attorney-
general of the Territory, the governor prevailed

[592]



SAINT GAUDEXS



SAINT GAUDEXS



upon his son. Arthur St. Clair, Jr., a promising
young attorney at Pittsburgh, to remove to
Cincinnati and take the office. This step, although
a great personal sacrifice on the part of the son,
later subjected the governor to unjust criticism.
Early in 1802 charges were preferred against him,
and on Nov. 22, he was removed from office by
President Jefferson. His removal is generally
acknowledged to have been a political partisan
movement. Returning to Pennsylvania he gather
ed his family about him at Ligonier. Although
at the beginning of the Revolution lie had owned
seven hundred acres of good land, which promised
to become very valuable, his losses in the war
were such that he was forced to give up his estate,
which passed to James Galbraith, from him to
James Ramsey and thence to his son. John Ram
sey, who founded upon it the town of Ligonier. Pa.
After the sale of his home he removed to a small
log house on the summit of Chestnut Ridge,
where he passed his remaining years in great
privation, his eldest daughter, Mrs. Louisa Robb,
sharing his fortunes. The Pennsylvania legisla
ture granted him $400 a year in 1813, and in 1817
congress settled $2,000 and a pension of 60 a
month upon him. He was a member of the
American Philosophical society ; an original mem
ber of the Society of the Cincinnati, and president
of the State Society for Pennsylvania, 1783-89 ;
and is the author of : A Narrative of tJie Manner
in which tJie Campaign Against the Indians in
the Year 1701 mis Conducted (1812). While
driving to Youngstown for provisions, he was
thrown from his wagon and fatally injured. The
Masonic society erected a monument to his
memory in the cemetery of Greensburg, Pa.,
bearing these words: " The Earthly Remains of
Major-General Arthur St. Clair are deposited
beneath this humble monument, which is erected
to supply the place of a nobler one due from his
country." See "The St. Clair Papers" by Wil
liam Henry Smith (2 vols.. 1882). He died at
Chestnut Ridge. Pa.. Aug. 31. 1818.

SAINT GAUDENS, Augustus, sculptor, was
born in Dublin. Ireland, March 1, 1848; son of
Bernard Paul Ernest and Mary (McGuinness)
Saint Gaudens. His father, a native of Saint
Gaudens, Haut Garonne in the Pyrenees, settled
in Dublin early in the nineteenth century, and
came to the United States with his wife and son
in 1848, locating in New York. Augustus attended
the public schools, studied drawing in the eve
ning classes of the Cooper Institute. 1861-65, and
at the National Academy of Design, 1865-66, and
meanwhile learned the trade of a cameo cutter.
He studied sculpture under Jouffroy at the Ecole
des Beaux Arts, Paris. 1867-70, and continued his
studies in Rome, 1870-72. where he produced his
first figure, Hiawatha, in 1871. In 1872 he opened



a studio in New York city, and made a second
visit to Paris and Rome, 1878-80, removing his
studio to Paris in 1898. He was married in 1877
to Augusta F., daughter of Thomas J. Homer of
Boston, Mass. He was made a National Acade
mician in 1889 ; a fellow of the American Academy
of Arts and Sciences ; a corresponding member
of the Institute of France ; an officer of the
Legion of Honor ; president of the Society of
American Artists, which he was instrumental in
founding ; one of the founders of the American
Academy in Rome ; a member of the National
Sculpture society, the Architectural league, the
Century association, and of various social clubs
of New York. He was also a supporter of the
Metropolitan Museum of Art and the National
Academy of Design. He was awarded a medal
of honor at the Paris exhibition, 1900 ; a special
medal of honor at the Pan-American exposition,
Buffalo. 1901 ; and received the degrees LL.D.
from Harvard and L.H.D. from Princeton in
1897. His more important works include the bas-
relief, Adoration of the Cross by Angels, in St.
Thomas s church, New York : statue of Admiral
Farragut, New York city (1880): of Abraham
Lincoln, Chicago. III. (1887); The Puritan, a
statue of Samuel Chapin, Springfield, Mass.
(1887); statues of John A. Logan, Chicago (1897),
Peter Cooper, New York (1897); Shaw Memorial,







[5931



ROBERT COULD SHAW

Boston Common, facing the State House, unveiled
Memorial Day, 1897 ; figure over the grave of Mrs.
Henry Adams, Rock Creek cemetery, Washing
ton ; monument to General Sherman for New
York (unveiled, 1903); portrait busts of William
M. Evarts (1872-73). Theodore D. Woolsey (1876),
and Gen. William T. Sherman (1888). and medal
lions of Bastien Le Page (1879). Robert Louis
Stevenson (1887). Rev. Henry W. Bellows. D.I).,
W. Dean Howells. Dr. James McCosh of Prince
ton, Mr. Justice Horace Gray (1901). Mr. and
Mrs. Wayne Me Veagh (1902). and many others.
He also modeled the caryatids in the Cornelius
Vanderbilt house, New York city ; the main facade



ST. JOHN



ST. PALAIS



of the Boston Public library ; assisted John La-
Farge in the decorations of Trinity church, Boston,
and in 1903 completed a portrait statue of Phillips
Brooks for the triangular space between the north
transept of the church and the chapel.

ST. JOHN, Charles Elliott, clergyman, was
born in Prairie du (Jhien, Wis., Dec. 19, 1856; son of
Thomas Elliott and Henrietta (Knox) St. John.
He attended the high school in Worcester, Mass. ;
was graduated from Harvard college, A.B. , 1879,
A.M., 1883, and from Harvard Divinity school,
B.D.,1883; ordained to the Unitarian ministry
in the latter year, and served as pastor of the
Second Congregational church, Northampton,
Mass., 1883-91. He was married, June 2G, 1888,
to Martha Elizabeth, daughter of George Draper
and Martha (Plummer) Everett of Dover, Mass.
He was pastor of the First Unitarian church,
Pittsburg, Pa., 1891-1900, and in July, 1900, was
appointed secretary of the American Unitarian
association of Boston, Mass.

ST. JOHN, Isaac Munroe, engineer, was born
in Augusta, Ga.. Nov. 19, 1827 ; son of Isaac R.
and Abby R. (Munroe) St. John. He was grad
uated at Yale, A. B., 184,1, A.M., 1848; studied
law in Ne\v York city, and in 1847 became as
sistant editor of the Patriot, at Ballimove, Md.
He subsequently engaged in civil engineering on
the Baltimore and Ohio railroad until 1855, and
superintended divisions in the construction of
the Blue Ridge railroad in Georgia, 1855-61. He
was a private in the Fort Hill Guards, South
Carolina state troops, in February, 18G1 ; was
transferred to engineer duty in April, 1861, and
became engineer-in-chief of the Confederate
forces on the Peninsula under Gen. John B.
Magruder. He was promoted major and chief of
the mining and nitre bureau corps in May, 1862,
and subsequently rose through the various grades
to the rank of brigadier-general, attaining the
position of commissary-general of the Confed
erate States army in 1865. He was married dur
ing the progress of the civil war to a daughter of
Col. J. L. Carrington of Richmond, Ya. He
was chief engineer of the Louisville, Cincinnati
and Lexington railroad, 1866-69 ; city engineer of
Louisville, Ky., making its first topographical map
and establishing the sewerage system, 1870-71, and
consulting engineer of the Chesapeake and Ohio
railroad, and chief engineer of the Lexington and
Big Sandy railroad, 1871-80. He died at the Green-
brier, White Sulphur Springs, W.Va., April 7, 1880.

ST. JOHN, John Pierce, governor of Kansas,
was born in Brookville, Ind.. Feb. 25, 1833 ; son
of Samuel and Sophia (Snell) St. John : grand
son of Daniel and Mercy (Gardner) St. John.
The St. Johns are of Huguenot descent. He
worked on his father s farm and in a country
store ; attended the district school, and removed



and Oregon, engaged
to Charleston, 111., in




to California in 1853, where he shipped for a voy
age to South America, Mexico, Central America
and the Sandwich Islands. He also served in the
Indian wars in California
in mining, and removed
1859. He was mar
ried, March 28, 18GO,
to Susan J. Parker,
daughter of Col. Na
thaniel Park<-r of
Charleston, 111. lie
was admitted to the
Illinois bar in 1861,
practised in Charles
ton, and in 18G2 was
arrested and tried
under the Illinois
"Black Laws, 011
the criminal charge
of harboring a colored
person, and was ac
quitted. He aided in
organizing the 68th Illinois volunteers in 18G2. in
which he served as captain ; was detached and
assigned as acting assistant adjutant-general,
under Gen. John P. Slough ; commanded the
troops at Camp Mattoon, 111., in 1864; was appoint
ed lieutenant-colonel of the 143d Illinois infantry,
and served in the Mississippi valley until the
close of the war. He practised law in Independ
ence, Mo., 1865-69, and in Olathe, Kan., from
1869 ; was a member of the Kansas senate, 1873-
74 ; was Republican governor of the state for two
terms, 1879-83, and was nominated for President
of the United States on the Prohibition ticket in
1884, from which yesir he advocated prohibition,
woman suffrage, and the free coinage of both
gold and silver. He also opposed the war in the
Philippines, 1898-1901, and lectured extensively
on these subjects.

ST. PALAIS, James Maurice de Long d Aus =
sac de, R.C. bishop, was born at La S-lvatat.
diocese of Montpelier, France, Nov. 15, 1811. He
attended the College of St. Nicholas du Chardonet
at Paris, and the Seminary of St. Sulpice, 1830-
36. He was ordained, May 28, 1836. at Paris,
France, by Mgr. de Quelin, archbishop of Paris,
and was sent to America as a missionary. He
arrived at Vincennes, Ind., and established a
church about thirty-five miles east of that town.
After building several churches in Indiana, he
removed to Chicago in 1839, and began a labor
among the Indians. In the face of much opposi
tion, he built St. Mary s church, which became
the first cathedral of the diocese of Chicago. In
1844 he was removed to Logansport, in 1846 went
to Madison, and in 1847 was appointed vicar-
general and superior of the ecclesiastical semi-
narv at Yincennes. He became administrator of



[594]



SALISBURY



SALM SALM



the diocese of Vincennes on the death of Bishop
Bazin, April 23, 1848; was precanonized, Oct. 3,
1848, and was consecrated bishop of Vincennes,
Izul., Jan. 14, 1849, by Bishop Niles of Nashville,
assisted by Bishops Spalding of Louisville, and
Hypolite Dupontance of Madison, Ind. He erected
many churches and two orphan asylums ; per
suaded the Benedictines to send a colony to
Indiana in 1849, and twice visited Europe in the
interest of his diocese. He attended the Vatican
council in 1869 and established the Franciscan
Fathers at Oldenburg, and at Indianapolis.
Many female orders owe their admission into the
diocese to his administration. He died at St.
Mary s of the Woods, Vigo co.. Ind., June 28, 1877.
SALISBURY, Edward Elbridge, orientalist, was
born in Boston, Mass., April 6. 1814; son of Josiah
and Abby (Breese) Salisbury : grandson of Samuel
and Elizabeth (Sewall) Salisbury and of Samuel
and Elizabeth (Anderson) Breese, and a descend
ant of John Salisbury of Boston. Mass., about
1689, and his second wife, Bridget Williams ; also
of Sidney Breese, \vlio was in New York as early
as 1733-34, and his wife, Elizabeth Peukethman.
He was graduated from Yale, A.B.. 1832, A.M.,
183.") : attended Yale Divinity school, 1832-35,
and studied Oriental languages under Silvestre de
Sacy. Garcin de Tassy and Franz Bopp, 1836-39.
He \vas married, fii st, April 27, 1836, to Abigail
Salisbury, daughter of Edward and Mary (Salis
bury) Phillips of Boston, Mass. ; and secondly,
Nov. 23, 1872, to Evelyn, daughter of Judge
Charles Johnson and Sarah Ann (Lord) McCurdy
of Lyme. Conn. He was professor of Arabic and
Sanskrit languages and literature at Yale, 1841-
54, which chair had been created for him, and in
1854 he divided the chair with William D wight
Whitney, retaining the professorship of Arabic
language and literature. He was corresponding
secretary of the American Oriental society and
its president in 1863 ; was elected a member of
the Asiatic society of Paris in 1838 ; correspond
ing member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences
and Belles Lettres at Constantinople in 1855,
and of the German Oriental society in 1859. The
honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on him
by Yale in 1869, and by Harvard in 1886. He
presented Yale with his unequalled Sanskrit
library in 1870. He conducted the Journal of
the American Oriental society for several years,
and contributed many articles. He is the author
of: Account of the Diodati Family (printed
privately, 1875); Principles of Domestic Taste,
a lecture delivered before the Yale School of the
Fine Arts (1877); Family Memorials (1885); and
Family-Histories and Genealogies (1892), tlj.e lat
ter in collaboration with his wife, Evelyn Mac-
Curdy Salisbury. He died ia New Haven, Conn.,
Feb. 5, 1901.



SALLEY, Alexander Samuel, Jr., author, was
born in Orangeburg county, S.C., June 16, 1871 ;
son of Alexander McQueen and Sallie (McMichael)
Salley ; grandson of Alexander Samuel and Julia
Eliza (Murrowe) Salley and of Cephas Manly and
Rachel Elizabeth (Jennings) McMichael, and a
descendant of Capt. John Salley (1740-1794), of
the Revolution. He attended Sheridan s classical
school, Orangeburg, S.C., 1881-87 ; was graduated
from the South Carolina Military academy. 1892 ;
served on the engineer corps of the World s
Columbian exposition. August-September, 1892 ;
was private secretary to William Elliott, repre
sentative, 1896 ; employed on the Neics and
Courier, Charleston, S.C., 1896-99 ; admitted to
the bar in the latter year, and also elected sec
retary and treasurer and librarian of the South
Carolina Historical society. His publications
include : History of Orangeburg County, S.C.
(1898); Bibliography of William Gillmore Simms
(1897), and Henry Timrod (1899) for the South
ern History association of Washington, D.C., and
other bibliographies, reports and articles on
historical subjects. He also edited TJie South
Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine
(Vols. 1, 2, 3 and 4, 1900-1903).

SALLMON, William Henry, educator, was
born in London, Ontario, Canada, Sept. 6. 1866 ;
son of Christopher and Mary (McMurdoch) Sall-
mon. He was engaged in mercantile business in
London, Ontario, 1884-85 ; was secretary of the
Young Men s Christian association, Port Henry,
N.Y., 1886-87; Newburgh, N.Y., 1887-89, and
was graduated from Yale, A.B., 1894, A.M.. 1897.
He was traveling secretary of the Australasian
Student Christian union, 1897-1900; traveled in
Egypt, Palestine and Southeastern Europe, 1900 ;
was a member of the Australasian Association
for the Advancement of Science, 1897-1900 ; pas
tor of the South church. Bridgeport, Conn., 1902,
and in January, 1903, became president of Carle-
ton college, Northfield, Minn. He was married,
Feb. 17, 1903, to Alice Bussey, daughter of Fred
erick and Mary (Baldwin) Trubee of Bridgeport,
Conn. He is the author of several studies in the
life of Jesus and of other religious publications.

SALM SALM, Agnes, Princess, philanthro
pist, was born in S wanton, Vt., or Phillips-
burg, Quebec, Dee. 25,1840; daughter of William
L. and Julia (Willard) Joy. She was married,
Aug. 30, 1862, in Washington, B.C., to Prince
Felix Salm Salm, then colonel and chief of staff
to Gen. Louis Blenker, and became his insepa
rable companion throughout his varied and rom
antic career. During the civil war her unfailing
cheerfulness, warm sympathies and womanly
ministries endeared her to the men confined in
the Federal hospitals. Her husband reached the
rank of brigadier-general by brevet, April 13,



[595]



SALOMON



SALPOINTE



1865, and was later military governor of Atlanta,
the popularity and influence of the Princess
aiding materially in the recognition and reward
of his talents as a soldier. In 1866 the Prince
joined the forces of Maximilian in Mexico, and
with him was captured at Queretaro, May 15. 1867,
and condemned to death, his life being spared
through the entreaties of the Princess, who rode
day and night between his prison and the Liberal
headquarters, negotiating terms, securing delay
of judicial proceedings and beseeching President
Juarez to release the emperor and her husband.
For her efforts in his behalf Maximilian decorated
her with the Grand Cordon of the Order of San
Carlos; his mother, Archduchess Sophie, gave her
his miniature set in an emerald bracelet, and the
Emperor of Austria granted her a pension. After
Maximilian s execution, Prince Salm Salm return
ed to Europe, published in 1868, " My Diary in
Mexico," and was appointed major of the Queen
Augusta regiment of the Prussian guards, his
wife obtaining permission from General von
Steinmetz in July, 1870, to accompany his staff
with the army of invasion in the Franco-Prussian
war. Prince Salm Salm was killed while heroic
ally leading his battalion at Gravelotte, Aug.
18, 1870. Both before and after the death of her
husband, Princess Salm Salm exerted herself to
the utmost, organizing hospitals and distributing
supplies among the sick and wounded. She was
recommended for the Order of the Iron Cross (an
honor reserved for men) and received the Prus
sian medal of honor made from captured cannon,
a bracelet from Empress Augusta, and letters of
thanks from the commanding generals of the
armies in which she ministered. She married sec
ondly, 1876, Charles Heneage, of the British em
bassy at Berlin. In 1899 she revisited the United
States, to restore to the survivors, flags of the 8th
and 68th New York regiments which her husband
had commanded, and she was made an honorary
member of the Blenker Veteran association. In
the same year she was also made an honorary
member of the New York Chapter, Daughters of
the American Revolution. She returned to
America again in 1900 for the purpose of raising
funds to equip an ambulance corps for the relief
of the wounded in the South African war. She
is the author of : Ten Years of My Life (1875).

SALOMON, Edward, governor of Wisconsin,
was born at Stroebeck, near Halberstadt. Prussia,
Aug. 11, 1828 ; son of Christoph and Dorothea
(Klussmann) Salomon. He was a student at the
College at Halberstadt and the University of
Berlin, and in 1849 came to the United States with
his brother, Frederick, and settled at Manitowoc,
Wis., where he was successively school teacher,
county surveyor and deputy clerk of the circuit
court. In 1855 he was admitted to the bar in



iieu-




Milwaukee, Wis., and practised law there until
1869. He was married, May 14, 1858, to Elise
Nebel of Liege, Belgium. He
tenant-governor of Wiscon
sin on the Republican ticket
with Louis P. Harvey, Re
publican and Independent,
for governor in 1861, and on
April 19, 1862, on the death
of Governor Harvey, suc
ceeded to the office, and filled
it until Jan. 4, 1864. He engaged in the practice
of law in New York city in 1869, where he be
came consul for the German empire. In May.
1894, he retired from business and settled at
Frankfort-on-Main, Germany.

SALOMON, Frederick, soldier, was born near
Halberstadt, Prussia. April 7, 1826 ; son of Chris
toph and Dorothea Salomon. Christoph Salomon
was an officer in the army, and later in the civil
service of Prussia. Frederick Salomon was edu
cated in the gymnasium at Halberstadt, became
a government surveyor, and subsequently a lieu
tenant of artillery. He attended the Berlin
school of architecture in 1848, and in 1849 immi
grated to the United States with his brother
Edward, and engaged in surveying at Manitowoc,
Wis. He was county register of deeds four years;
chief engineer of the Manitowoc and Wisconsin
railroad, 1857-59, and in 1861 entered the 5th Mis
souri volunteers as captain for three months, serv
ing at Carthage, Dug Springs and Wilson s Creek.
In January, 1862, he was appointed colonel. 9th
Wisconsin infantry, which he commanded at
Fort Scott, Kan. He was promoted brigadier-
general of volunteers, July 10. 1862, command
ing the 2d brigade in the Indian expedition and
the 1st brigade, Army of the Frontier, in the
battles of Newtonia, Mo., Cane Hill, Ark., and
Prairie Grove, Mo. He was assigned to the com
mand of the 2d brigade in Gen. A. P. Hovey s
division in January. 1863 ; on May 15, 1863, to
the command of the 13th division, Army of the
Tennessee, and on June 2, 1863, of all the United
States forces around Helena, Ark., where he
defeated the enemy under General Holmes. July
4, 1863. He was placed in command of the 3d
division, 7th army corps, Sept. 27, 1863. served
in the Red River expedition, 1864, and in Arkan
sas, 1864-65. In March. 1865, lie was brevetted
major-general of volunteers, and was mustered
out, Aug. 25, 1865. He subsequently settled in
Utah Territory, where he served as surveyor-
general for several years. He died at Salt Lake,
Utah, March 9. 1897.

SALPOINTE, Jean Baptist, R.C. archbishop,
was born at St. Maurice, France, Feb. 21. 1825.
He was prepared for college in Ajain, and attended
successively the College of Clermont and the



SALTER



SALTONSTALL



Seminary of Clermont. Ferraud, where he was
ordained priest, Dec. 20, 1831. He was profes
sor in the preparatory Seminary of Clermont,
1851-59 ; and came to the United States in 1859,
engaging in missionary work as parish priest at
Mora, New Mexico, 1859-06, and as vicar-general
of Arizona, 1866-08. He was elected bishop of
"Doryla" in partibus and vicar-apostolic of
Arizona, Sept. 25, 1868, and was consecrated at
Clermont, Ferraud, France. June 20, 1809. His
diocese included Arizona, New Mexico and part
of Texas, in which he organized many new con
gregations, schools and hospitals. He was trans
ferred to Santa Fe, New Mexico, as coadjutor to
Archbishop Lainy, April 22, 1884 ; was promoted
titular archbishop of " Anazarba," Oct. 3. 1884,
and succeeded to the see of Santa Fe, July 18,
1885. He resigned the archbishopric, Jan. 7,
1894: received the title " Archbishop of Tomi" in
2)(trtibus, Jan. 21. 1894, and retired to Bussieres,
Prims, Paraigueperse, Puy de Dome. France. He
died in Tucson, Arizona, July 16. 1898.

SALTER, Moses Buckingham, A.M.E. bishop,
was born in Charleston, S.C., Feb. 13, 1841 ; son
of Moses Buckingham and Mary M. Salter. He
joined the Methodist church. 1856 ; was a class
leader, 1860 ; one of the founders of the A.M.E.
church in Charleston, S.C., 1865 ; ordained deacon,
1867 ; elder, 1868 ; was presiding-elder of Aikeu
district, 1868-70, and a student in "VVilberforce
university, 1870-74. He was married, Sept. 2,
1874, to Priscilla Smith of Aiken ; was pastor of
Emanuel church, Charleston, 1875, and served
various other pastorates until his consecration as
bishop in 1892. In 1903 his residence was in
Charleston. S.C.

SALTER, William Dayton, naval officer, was
born in New York city, Aug. 23, 1794 ; son of
Thomas and Charlotte (Dayton) Salter ; grand
son of Manassah and Catharine (Wright) Salter,
and of Jonathan Dayton, and a descendant of
Richard Salter, who came from England to Mon-
mouth county, N.J., 1665, and Sarah Bowne,

his wife.

,, T . , , .

v\ i Hi am

Day ton Sal
ter was
appointed
midship
man in the
U.S. navy,
Nov. 15,
1809; serv
ed on the

frigate Constitution, during the fight with the
Guerriere, Aug. 19, 1812, and was the last survivor
of the crew of the Constitution in 1868. He was
promoted lieutenant, Dec. 9, 1814 : commander,
March 3, 1831, and captain, March 3, 1839. He




was married to Margaret Armstrong. He was
placed on the reserved list. Jan. 4, 1856 ; com
manded the navy yard at Brooklyn, N.Y., 1856-
59, and was promoted commodore on the reserved
list, April 4, 1867. He died at Elizabeth, N.J.,
Jan. 3. 1869.

SALTONSTALL, Dudley, naval officer, was
born in New London. Conn., Sept. 8, 1738 ; son
of Gurdon (q.v.) and Rebecca (Winthrop) Salton-
stall. He received a liberal education, and be
came a sea captain in the merchant service. He
was married in 1765 to Frances, daughter of Dr.
Joshua Babcock of Westerly, R.I. He command
ed the Alfred, flagship of Commander-in-Chief