rank of lieutenant-colonel. At Beep Bottom,
Va., July 26, 1864, he was severely wounded and
taken prisoner and was not released till April
1865. He was bre vetted colonel, Aug. 16,1864,
and mustered out in August, 1865. He was prin
cipal of the grammar school in Manchester, N.H.,
1865-68 ; of the district schools in Bay ton. Ohio,
1868-71, and studied psychology, philosophy,
history and pedagogy at King William s univer
sity, Berlin, 1871-73. He was superintendent of
the schools at Quincy, Mass., 1873-80, where he
applied his methods begun in Dayton, Ohio,
founded on the theories of Comenius, Pestalozzi,
and Frobel, and his influence soon extended all
over the country. He was supervisor of schools
in Boston, Mass., 1880-83: principal of the Cook
county, 111., normal school, 1883-95, and of the
Chicago, 111., normal school, 1895-99, and in the
latter year became president of the Chicago In
stitute, founded by Mrs. Emmons McCormick
Elaine in 1899 and affiliated with the University
of Chicago, 1901. He was married Bee. 1, 1864. to
Phene H., daughter of Gilbert Perry Hall of
Bennington, N.H., who died in 1871 ; and second
ly, Nov. 23, 1882. to Mrs. Frank Stuart, daughter
of Calvin and Dorothy Stuart of Boston, Mass.
The twenty-fifth anniversary of the inauguration
by him of the " Quincy movement" was cele
brated at Quincy, Mass., April, 1900. He was one
of the founders and the first president of the
Illinois Society for Child Study, the first organi
zation of its kind in the United States : and
editor of : The Elementary School Teacher and
Course of Study, a publication begun at the Cook
County normal school and continued at the
Chicago Institute and the University of Chicago.
Dartmouth conferred upon him the honorary



[132]



PARKER



PARKER



degree of A M. in 1886, and Lawrence university
gave him that of LL.D. He is the author of :
Talks on Teaching (1883): The Practical Teacher
( 1884) : Course in Arithmetic ( 1884) ; How to Teach
Geography (1885); Outlines in Geography (1885);
7/o/t to Study Geography (1889); Talks on Peda
gogics (1894); Uncle Ribert s Geography (1898).
He died at Pass Christian, Miss., March 2, 1902.

PARKER, Helen Eliza Fitch, author, was
born in Auburn, N.Y., Dec. 20. 1827; daughter
of Abijah (1799-1883) and Lanali (Nelson) Fitch ;
granddaughter of Stephen Fitch of Otsego, N.Y.,
and of Colonel Neilson, from county Armagh,
Ireland, a member of the family whose history is
in Sunrise and Sunset, infra. She attended
the female seminary at Auburn and engaged in
literary work. She was married April 20. 1852, to
the Rev. Dr. II. Webster Parker (q.v.). She is the
author of: Sunrise and Sunset (1854); Morning
Stars of the New World (1854); Ramblers after
L iit 1 Shells (1803) : Missions and Martyrs of Mad
agascar (1864) : Frank s Search for Sea Shells
(1866); Constance of Aijlm< r(\$(W) ; Blind Florette
(1871); Arthur s Aquarium (1872). She died in
Amherst. Mass., Dec. 4. 18T4.

PARKER, Henry, president of Georgia, was
born at Savannah, Ga., in 1690. He was bailiff of
Savannah in 1734, and in 1741, upon the division
of the colony into Frederica and Savannah coun
ties, was chosen assistant president of Savannah
county. In 1750 he succeeded President Wil
liam Stephens, resigned, as colonial president
or governor, holding the office till the appoint
ment of John Reynolds in 1754. Governor Parker
organized the colonial militia and called the first
meeting of the colonial assembly, Jan. 15. 1751.
He settled a colony at Isle of Hope about eight
miles south of Savannah, to which place he retir
ed in 1754, and he died there subsequent to 1777.

PARKER, Henry Webster, author, was born
in Dauby, N.Y., Sept. 7, 1822; son of the Rev.
Samuel (1779-1866) (q.v.) and Jerusha (Lord)
Parker. He attended the schools of Ithaca, X.Y..
and was graduated from Amherst college A.B..
1843, A.M., 1847, and from the Auburn Theolo
gical seminary in 1846. He was ordained by
the presbytery of Cayuga in 1847 and was pastor
at Aurora, N.Y., 1847-50: at Dansville, N.Y.,
1850-52 ; at Badford and Central Congregational
churches (founding the latter), Brooklyn, N.Y.,
1852-56, and at North Congregational church, New
Bedford, Mass., 1856-63. After a course of study
in the Lawrence Scientific school, Harvard uni
versity. 1863-64, he was Dodge professor of
chemistry and natural science at Iowa col
lege, 1864-70 ; professor of mental and moral
science in the Massachusetts Agricultural college,
Amherst. Mass., 1870-79. and Stone professor of
natural history at Iowa college, 1879-89. He



[133]



removed to New York city in 1889, devoted him
self to cyclopedia work, was on the editorial
staff of the Standard Dictionary, vol. II, and
became editor of Popular Science News in 1896.
He was married, first, to Helen E. Fitch (q.v.), of
Auburn, N.Y., April 20, 1852, and secondly to
Susan M. Winkley of Amesbury, Mass., Nov. 6,
1876. The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred
on him by Iowa college in 1886. He is the author
of: Poems (1848); The Story of a Soul (1851);
a volume of verse (1862); The Spirit of Beauty
1888); and The Agnostic Gospel (1896).

PARKER, Horatio William, musician and
composer, was born in Auburndale, Mass., Sept.
15, 1863 ; son of Charles Edsvard and Isabella
Grahame (Jennings) Parker ; grandson of Elijah
and Salh (Hall) Parker, and of John and Susan
Cornelia (Keyes) Jennings, and a descendant of
Thomas Parker, who sailed from London in the
Susan & Ellen March 11. 1635. He was gradu
ated from the Royal Conservatory of Music,
Munich, in 1885, and was married in 1886 to Anna,
daughter of Franz and Rosa (Hiibrich) Ploessl,
of Munich. He was professor of music at the
Cathedral School of St. Paul, Garden City, Long
Island, N.Y., 1845-87 : organist of Holy Trinity,
N.Y., 1887-93; and organist of Trinity, Boston,
1893-1901. In 1894 he was appointed Battell pro
fessor of the theory of music at Yale, receiving
the honorary degree of A.M. from Yale in 1894,
and that of Mus. Doc. from Cambridge ( England)
University in 1902. He composed the oratorio
Hora Novissima which was performed at the Fes
tival of the Three Choirs, Worcester, England,
September, 1899 ; and at the Chester. England.
Festival in July, 1900 ; the oratorio St. Christopher;
the cantatas King Trojan and The Kobolds ;
and A Wanderer s Psalm, which last was given
under his direction at the Hereford festival, Eng
land, in 1900. He conducted St. Christopher at
the Three Choirs Festival, in Worcester, Sep
tember 1902, and in Bristol, Oct. 9, 1902.

PARKER, Hosea Washington, representative,
was born in Lempster, N.H., May 30, 1833; son of
Benjamin Parker, a farmer, and Olive (Nichols)
Parker ; and a descendant of Capt. Joseph
Parker. He prepare:! for college at the Green
Mountain Liberal institute at South Woodstock,
Vt., attended Tufts college, 1855-56 ; studied law
at Newport, N.H., 1856-59, and began practice in
Claremont, N.H., in 1860. He was married in
1861 to Caroline Lovisa, daughter of Mark and
Lovisa (Curtis) Southgate of Bridge water, Vt.
He represented Sullivan county in the state
legislature, 1859-60 ; was a member of the Demo
cratic state committee for many years ; a delegate
to the Democratic national conventions of 1868,
1880 and 1884 : a representative from the third
district of New Hampshire in the 42d and 43d



PARKER



PARKER



congresses, 1871-75. and held several local offices.
He was nominated by acclamation for U.S.
senator by the Democratic caucus of the state
legislature on Jan. 14, 1897. He received the
honorary degree of A.M. from Tufts college in
1883.

PARKER, Isaac, jurist. \vas born in Boston,
Mass., June 17. 1763 ; sun of Daniel and Margaret
(Jarvis) Parker. His father, a Boston [merchant,
was a native of Charleston, S. C. Isaac Parker
prepared for college at the Boston Latin school,
was graduated from Harvard, A.B., 178G, A.M.,
1789: taught for a time at the Latin school, and
completed his law studies under Judge Tudor of
Boston, practising at Castine, Maine. He was
married to Rebecca Hall of Boston. He was a
Federal representative in the 5th congress, 1797-
99 ; and was appointed U.S. marshal for the
district of Maine by President John Adams in
1799, being removed on the accession of President
Jefferson in 1801. He was chief justice of the
supreme court of Massachusetts, 1814-30 ; Roy all
professor of la\v at Harvard, 181G-27, and an
overseer, 1810-30. He was a trustee of Bowdoin
college, 1799-1810, and president of the Massa
chusetts constitutional convention of 1820. The
honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by
Harvard in 1814. He is the author of: Oration
on Washington(lSQO), and Sketchofthe Character
of Chief Justice Parsons (1813). He died in
Boston, Mass.. May 26, 1830.

PARKER, Isaac Charles, jurist, was born in
Belmont county, Ohio, Oct., 15, 1838; son of Joseph
and Jane (Shannon) Parker. His father was a
native of Maryland, whose English ancestors
were among the early settlers in Massachusetts
Bay Colony, and his mother was a niece of Wilson
Shannon (q.v.). He worked on his father s farm,
attending the country school in winter, until
1855, when for four years he divided his time
between teaching and studying law at Barnes-
ville academy, Ohio. He was admitted to the
bar in 1853, settled in practice in St. Joseph,
Mo., was mayor and alderman, 1859-62, and city
attorney, 1862-61. In 1861 he raised a company
for the 1st Nebraska infantry, served with the
Missouri troops as corporal, and was also provost
marshal. He was a presidential elector on the
Lincoln and Johnson ticket in 1864 ; circuit
attorney of the 9th district of Missouri, 1864-66 ;
circuit, judge 1868-70, and Republican represen
tative from Missouri in the 42d and 43d congresses,
1871-75. He was appointed by President Grant
chief justice of Utah, and confirmed by the
senate, but at the President s request declined in
order to become judge of the U.S. court for
Western Arkansas in 1875, and held the office
until his death. His name became a terror to
outlaws and fugitives who ran over the Indian



Territory and adjoining states, for he enforced
the law to the letter, and imposed the death
penalty upon more criminals than any other
jurist in the United States. He also made a
record of attendance on court without missing a
day for twenty-one years, and in that time
sentenced 160 murderers to be hanged. He was
probably the only subordinate judge that ever
overruled a decision of the U.S. supreme court,
which he accomplished in November, 1894, with
out receiving judicial reproof from the higher
court. He died at Fort Smith, Ark., Nov. 17, 1896.
PARKER, James, representative, was born in
Bethlehem, Hunterdon county, N.J., March 3.
1776 ; son of James and Gertrude (Skinner)
Parker; grandson of Col. John (1693-1732) and
Janet (Johnstone) Parker, and of the Rev. Wil
liam Skinner, and great-grandson of Elisha and
Hannah (Rolph) Parker. Elisha Parker removed
from Staten Island, N.Y. , to Woodbridge, N. J.,
previous to 1675, and was high sheriff of the
county of Middlesex, and a member of the
Provincial Assembly. James Parker, Sr., served
in the French and Indian war, was one of the
proprietors of the colony and a member of the
council of Gov. William Franklin. James
Parker, Jr., was graduated at Columbia college
in 1793, entered a counting house in New York
city, where he remained until his father s death
in 1797, when he returned to the family estate at
Perth Am boy. N.J. He engaged in mercantile
pursuits there for a few years, was a representa
tive in the New Jersey legislature, 1806-10. 1812-
13, 1815-16, 1818 and 1827; a presidential elector
on the Jackson ticket in 1824, and collector of
customs at Perth Amboy, 1829-33. He presented
to the trustees of Queen s (afterward Rutgers) col
lege the site for the college buildings. He was one




[134]



of the commissioners appointed in 1807, 1827 and
1833 to obtain a settlement of the boundary
question between New York and New Jersey,
which was accomplished in 1833, and was pro
minent among the originators of the Delaware
and Raritan canal. He was married first, January
5, 1803, to Penelope, daughter of Anthony Butler



PARKER



PARKER



of Philadelphia, and secondly, Sept. 20, 1827,
to Catherine Morris, daughter of Samuel Ogden,
of Newark, N.J. He was a Democratic represen
tative in the 23d and 24th congresses, 1833-37,
and a member of the state constitutional conven
tion of 1844. While in the state legislature he
drew up and secured the passage of several laws,
including that prohibiting local slavery in 1819,
and that establishing the school fund. He
was a vice-president of the New Jersey Historical
society and its president, 1804-68. He died at
Perth Amboy, N.J.. April 1, 1868.

PARKER, James Cutler Dunn, musician, was
born in Boston, Mass., June 2, 1828 ; son of Sam
uel Hale and Sarah (Parker) Parker, and grand
son of the Rt. Rev. Samuel and Annie (Cutler)
Parker. He was graduated at Harvard, A.B.,

1848., A.M., 1836; read
law in the office of
Samuel Dunn Parker,
attorney of Suffolk
county, 1848-51 , aban
doning it for mu
sic and studying in
Leipsic, 1851-54. He
made a six months
tour of Europe in
1854, and on his re
turn to Boston be
came professor of pi
anoforte in the Bos
ton University Col
lege of Music, accept
ing a similar position

in the New England Conservatory of Music in
1871. He was organist of the Handel and Haydn
society, 1857-59, and of Trinity church, Boston,
1864-91. He was made the examiner of the New
England Conservatory of Music in 1891. He re
ceived the degree of A.M. from Harvard in 1856
and Mus. Doc. from Alfred university in 1887. He
wns married, Sept. 6, 1859, to Maria, daughter of
John and Rebecca (Punchard) Derby of Boston.
He translated Ernst F. E. Richter s Manual of
Harmony, and is the author of Manual of Har
mony (1855). His compositions include: Re
demption Hymn (1877); Blind King (1883); St.
John (1890); Life of Man, oratorio (1895), and
solos, choruses, orchestra pieces and several
church services.

PARKER, Jane Marsh, writer, was born in
Milan, N.Y., June 16, 1836; daughter of the Rev.
Joseph and Sarah (Adams) Marsh ; granddaugh
ter of Lemuel Marsh of Vergennes, V.t., and of
Jonathan Adams of Sennett, Cayuga county,
N.Y., and a descendant of Captain James Marsh
of Kent, England, a royalist who was slain at
Marsden Moor, 1644. Joseph Marsh was a Camp-
bellite minister, who became a disciple of Will-




1135]



iam Miller, and was a leader in the Second Ad
vent movement, 1843-50. His daughter was
educated in Rochester, N.Y., and in 1856 married
George T. Parker, a lawyer of Rochester. She
became a regular writer for many leading New
York daily and weekly newspapers, both relig
ious and secular. She is the author of : Toil
ing and Hoping, novel (1856); The Boy Mission
ary (1859); The Morgan Boys (1859); Losing the
TT T ?/(1860); Under His Banner (1862); Roches
ter, a Story Historical (1884); The Midnight Cry,
a novel founded on the Millerite movement
(1886); LifeofS. F. B.Morse (1887); Papers Re
lating to the Genesee Country (1888), and histor
ical articles for leading magazines.

PARKER, Joel, jurist, was born in Jaffrey,
N.H., Jan. 25, 1795 ; son of Abel and Edith (Jew-
ett) Parker ; grandson of Samuel and Mary Rob-
bins (Proctor) Parker, and sixth in descent from
Samuel Parker, who emigrated from England pri
or to 1643, first settled in Woburn, Mass., in 1644,
and was one of the first settlers at Chelmsford.
Abel Parker was a native of Westford, and served
in the Revolutionary war as 2d lieutenant of the
Middlesex and Worcester brigade under Gens.
Gates and Heath. Joel Parker attended Groton
academy, and was graduated from Dartmouth
college, A.B., 1811, A.M., 1814. He studied law
with his brother Edmund of Amherst, N.H., was
admitted to the bar in Cheshire county in 1817 ;
practised at Keene, 1817-21, and at Columbus,
Ohio, after 1821. He was a representative in the
state legislature, 1824-26 ; associate justice of the
superior court of New Hampshire, 1833-38, and
chief justice, 1838-48. While associate justice lie
originated the bill abolishing the court of com
mon pleas and providing that trial terms should
be held by a single judge, empowered to try all
causes except murder and treason, and giving
the court full chancery powers. He was chair
man of the committee appointed to revise the
laws of the state in 1840; professor of medical
jurisprudence at Dartmouth college, 1847-57. and
professor of law, 1869-75. He removed to Cam
bridge, Mass., in 1847, and practised law in Bos
ton with his brother-in-law, Horatio G. Parker.
He was married, Jan. 20, 1848, to Mary Morse,
daughter of Elijah Parker of Keene, N.H. He
was Royall professor at Dane Law School, Har
vard university, 1847-75. He was a representa
tive from Cambridge in the constitutional con
vention of 1853 and a member of the commission
for the revision of Massachusetts statutes in 1855.
In his will he made provisions for founding the
professorship of law at Dartmouth college, of
which he was a trustee, 1843-60. He was president
of the New Hampshire Medical society and of the
Northern Society of Arts and Sciences. The hon
orary degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by



PARKER



Dartmouth in 1837 and by Harvard in 1848. He is
the author of : Progress (1840J ; Daniel Webster as
a Jurist (1853); A Charge to the Grand Jury on the
Uncertainty of Lain (1854); The Non-Extension of
Slavery ( 1856); Personal Liberty Laws and Slavery
in the Territories (1861); TJte Right of Secession
(1861): Constitutional Law (1862); Habeas Corpus
and Martial Law (1862); The War Powers of Con
gress and the President (1863); Revolution and
Construction (1866); The Three Powers of Gov
ernment (1869), and Conflict of Decisions (1875).
He died in Cambridge, Mass., Aug. 17, 1875.

PARKER, Joel, clergyman and educator, was
born in Bethel, Vt., Aug. 27, 1799. He was grad
uated at Hamilton college in 1824, and attended
Auburn Theological seminary, 1824-26. He was
married, May 9, 1826, to Harriet Phelpsof Lenox,
N.Y. He was pastor of the Third Presbyterian
church in Rochester, X.Y., 1826-30, being or
dained in February, 1827. He organized and was
pastor of the Dey Street Presbyterian church,
New York city, 1830-33 : was pastor of the First
Presbyterian church, New Orleans, La., 1833-38,
and of the Broadway Tabernacle, New York
city, 1838-40. He was the second president of
Union Theological seminary, New York city, and
its first professor of sacred rhetoric, 1840-42 ; pas
tor of the Clinton Street Presbyterian church,
Philadelphia, Pa., 1842-52 ; of the Bleecker Street
church, New York city, 1852-62, and of the Park
church, Newark, N.J., 1862-68. He retired from
the ministry in 1868 on account of age. He re
ceived the degree of D.D. from the College of New
Jersey in 1839. He was a frequent contributor
to the religious press, served at one time as asso
ciate editor of the Presbyterian Quarterly Review
and edited Sermons of the Rev. John W. Adams,
With a Memoir (1851). He is the author of :
Lectures on Unitarianism (1829); Morals for a
Young Student (1832); Invitation to True Happi
ness (1843); Reasonings of a Pastor (1849); Notes
on Twelve Psalms (1849); Sermons (1852), and
Pastor s Initiatory Catechism (1855). He died in
New York city, May 2, 1873.

PARKER, Joel, governor of New Jersey, was
born near Freehold, N.J.. Nov. 24, 1816; son of
Charles and Sarah (Coward) Parker ; grandson of
Thomas and Sarah (Stout) Parker, and of Capt.
Joseph Coward of the Continental army, and a
descendant of Joseph Parker, who was settled in
Monmouth, N.J., about 1668. Charles Parker
was sheriff of Monmouth county ; a member
of the New Jersey assembly ; state treasurer
for thirteen years, and also state librarian.
His parents removed to Trenton in 1821. Joel
Parker was prepared for college at Trenton acad
emy and the Lawrenceville high school, and was
graduated at the College of New Jersey. A.B.,
1839, A.M., 1842. He studied law under Henry




W. Green at Trenton, was admitted to the bar in
1842, and practised in Freehold, N.J., 1842-80. lie
was married in 1843 to Maria M., daughter of
Samuel R. Gummere of Trenton. N. J. He can
vassed the state for Van Buren and Johnson
in 1840 and for Polk and Dallas in 1844; was a
Democratic member of the state assembly in
1847 ; prosecuting attorney of Monmouth county,
1852-57 ; a presidential elector on the Douglas and
Johnson ticket in I860, and was commissioned
brigadier-general of the state militia in 1857 and
major-general in 1861. He supported the war
measures of the administration of President Lin
coln on constitutional grounds ; was Democratic
governor of New Jersey, 1863-
66, and was active in the
organization of volunteers.
On the invasion of Pennsyl-l
vania by Lee s army in 1863
Governor Parker supplied
Governor Curtin with several
organized regiments of New Jersey volunteers.
He kept the quota of New Jersey for the army
up to its full number, and so successfully man
aged the finances of the state during the civil
war that not a bond of New Jersey was sold be
low par, and in 1865 there was a surplus of 8200,-
000 in the treasury. At the Democratic national
conventions of 1868, 1876 and 1884 he received
the unanimous vote of the New Jersey delega
tion for President. He was the candidate of the
National Labor Reform convention of 1872 for
Vice-President on the ticket with David Davis
for President, but he declined to accept. He was
again governor of New Jersey, 1872-74 ; was at
torney-general of the state January to April,
1875; a presidential elector on the Tilden and
Hendricks ticket in 1876 ; a justice of the supreme
court for the second district of the state, 1880-88,
and declined a fourth nomination for governor in
1883. He was influential in the erection of the
monument commemorating the battle of Mon
mouth, which was unveiled Nov. 13, 1884. He
received the degree LL.D. from Rutgers college
in 1872, and was an honorary member of the
New Jersey state branch, Society of the Cincin
nati. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 2, 1888.
PARKER, John, delegate, was born in Charles
ton, S.C., Jan. 24, 1749 ; son of John Parker. He
was educated in England ; graduated in law at
the Middle Temple, London, in 1775; practiced
law in Charleston, S.C., and cultivated a rice
plantation near that city. He was elected a
delegate to the Continental congress, serving
1786-88. He was married Dec. 24, 1776, to Susan
nah, daughter of Henry and Mary (Williams)
Middleton, of South Carolina, and sister of
Arthur Middleton, the signer. He died on his
plantation, near Charleston, S.C.. April 20, 1822.



[13C]



PARKER



PARKER



PARKER, John Adams, landscape painter,
was born in New York city, Nov. 27, 1827. He
was educated in the University of the City of New
York, and in 1850 engaged in mercantile pursuits,
which he abandoned in 1857 to study art. He
first exhibited at the National Academy of
Design in 1858, from which time he was a regular
contributor. He was elected an associate of the
National Academy in 1864. He settled in Brook
lyn, N.Y., in 1856, and was a founder of the
Brooklyn Art association and of the Brooklyn
Art club. His best paintings are those of moun
tain scenery in the White Mountains, Catskills
and Adirondacks, his summer studio being in
Keene Valley, in the Adirondacks. His works
include: Twilight in Hie Adirondacks (1876);
Winter (1879); Winter Ticilinht (1880); Land
scape in the Adirondacks Twilight (1882); Win
ter Evening (1884); The Gothics Adirondacks
(1885), and Close of a November Dai/, An sable
Pond, Adirondacks (1886). He died in Brooklyn,
N.Y., in March, 1900.

PARKER, John Mason, jurist, was born in
Granville. N.Y., June 14, 1805 ; son of John Clark
Parker and Susan (Mason) Parker ; grandson of
Peter and Esther (Clark) Parker ; and a descend
ant of Ed \vard Parker, who settled in New
Haven in 1644. He was prepared for college at
Granville academy ; graduated at Middlebury
college, Vt., in 1828, and studied law under John
P. Cushman, at Troy, N.Y. He was admitted to
the bar in 1833, settled in practice in Owego,
N.Y., and was a Whig representative from the
twenty-seventh New York district in the 34th and
35th congresses, 1855-59. He was a justice of
the supreme court of New York, 1859-73, and a
justice of the general term of the third depart
ment, 1867-73. He also sat as a member of the
court of appeals for a part of the time. He was
married first, in September, 1835, to Catherine