Gen. F. K. Zollicoffer, of the Confederate army,
was killed in the battle of Fishing Creek. Ky.,
Jan. 19, 1862. Peytonsville, Tenn., was named
in honor of Balie Peyton, Sr., who died at
Gallatin. Tenn., Aug. 19, 1878.
PEYTON, Ephraim Geoffrey, jurist, was born
in Elizabetlitown, Ky., Oct. 29, 1802 : son of
Ephraim and (Jennings) Peyton, and grand
son of Robert and Ann (Guffey) Peyton, and of
Jonathan Jennings. He was a cousin of Balie
Peyton of Tennessee, their fathers being brothers.
He was educated in Gallatin college, Tenn., and
in 1818 removed to Mississippi, where he taught
school and learned the printer s trade. He was
admitted to the bar in 1824, and settled in prac
tice first in Copiah county, and then in Gallatin,
Miss. He was married, March 31, 1831, to Artemisia
G., daughter of Francis Patton, a planter of Clai-
borne county, Va. He was a representative in the
Mississippi legislature in 1835, was district
attorney of the fourth judicial district for
several years from 1839, and in 1861 refused
to favor seccession. He was a member
of the Mississippi constitutional convention
of 1865, and a Republican representative to
the 39th congress in the same year, but was
denied his seat because Mississippi was not a
reconstructed state. He was judge of the su
preme court of Mississippi, 1868-70, and chief
justice, 1870-75. He lost his fortune, estimated
at about $100.000, by the failure of the banks, and
was left deeply in debt, which debt he fully paid.
He died in Jackson, Miss., Sept. 5. 1876.
PEYTON, John Howe, lawyer, was born in
Stafford county, Va.. April 29, 1778; son of John
Rowze and Ann (Howe) Peyton; grandson of
John and Elizabeth (Rowze) Peyton, and of How-
son and Mary (Dade) Howe, and a descendant of
Henry (of London) and Ellen (Partington) Pey
ton who settled in Westmoreland county, Va.
He was graduated from the College of New
Jersey, A.B., 1797. A.M., 1800 ; was a law student
in the office of Bushrod Washington, and was
admitted to practice in 1799. He married Ann
Montgomery, daughter of Maj. John and Mary
(Preston) Le\vis. He represented Stafford county
in the Virginia assembly, 1806-10; was prosecut
ing attorney for the Augusta district, 1809-10 :
major on the staff of General Porteriield in tin-
war of 1812; mayor of Staunton, 1815; deputy
U.S. attorney for the western district of Virgina,
1815-36 ; refused a nomination for representative
to the 17th congress in 1820, and a U.S. judgeship
in 1824; served as state senator, 1836-44; as
trustee of Washington college, 1832-46 ; as visitor
to the U.S. Military academy, 18-10, writing the
report of the board, and as president of the
board of directors of the Western Virginia
Lunatic asylum, 18-j7-47. He is the author of:
Resolutions upon tJie attitude of Pennsylvania
witli reference to an Amendment to tJie Constitu
tion of the United States, providing a tribunal for
settling disputes between the State and Federal
judiciary, pronounced by Daniel Webster as
conclusive and admitting of no further discussion.
He died in Staunton, Va., April 27, 1847.
PEYTON, John Lewis, author, was bom in
Staunton, Va.. Sept. 15, 1824 ; son of John Howe
(q.v.) and Ann Montgomery (Lewis) Peyton.
He was graduated at the University of Virginia,
LL.B. in 1845 ; was in Europe on official business
connected with the state department of Secretary
Webster, 1852-53: resided in Chicago, 111., 1853-
55, and there served as major of the 1st Chicago
regiment, and as lieutenant-colonel of the 18th
battalion of the National Guards. He declined
the office of U.S. district attorne}- of Utah,
offered by President Pierce in 1855, returned to
Virginia that year, and was made magistrate,
bank director, and member of the board of
visitors of the Deaf, Dumb and Blind institution
at Staunton. He was married, Dec. 17, 1S55, to
Henrietta E. Clark, daughter of Col. John C.
and Mary (Bond) Washington of Lenoir county,
N.C. He recruited and drilled troops for the
Confederate army in 1861 : was appointed agent
of the state of North Carolina in Europe, and
remained abroad, 1862-76. He was made a fellow
of the Royal Geographical Society of London ;
of the Society of Americanists of Luxembourg,
Prussia : an honorary member of the Reform
club, London, and a corresponding member of
the Virginia and Wisconsin Historical societies.
He was entertained by Napoleon III. in the
Tuileries and had audience with Cardinal Anto-
nelli in the Palace of the Vatican. He edited
Dauenhower s Journal, while in Chicago, con-
[234]
PEYTON
PHELPS
tributed to the press and to the leading magazines,
and is the author of : Pacific Railwafa Communi
cations and the Trade of China (1854); A Statis
tical View of the State of Illinois (1854); The
American Crisis ; or. Images from the Note Book
of a State Agent during the Civil War in America
(186(3) ; Over the AUeghanies and across the
Prairies, Personal Recollections of the Far West.
One and Tirenty Years Ago (1867); Memoir of
William Madison Peyton (1870); TJte Adventures
of My Grandfather (1871); Memorials of Nature
and Art (1881); .1 History of Augusta County
(1882); Rambling Reminiscences of a Residence
Abroad (1886), and A History of Virginia from
the Retrocession of Alexandria to the Reconstruc
tion of the Union. He also edited and wrote an
introduction to " The Glasse of Time" by Thomas
Peyton of Lincoln s Inn (1887). and edited " Tom
S\vindel. or the Adventures of a Boomer" (1893).
See life in Brock s "Virginia and Virginians." He
died in Staunton. Va.. May 23, 1896.
PEYTON, Samuel Oldham, representative, was
born in Bullitt county, Ky.. in 1804 : son of Wil
liam and Mary (Ross) Peyton : grandson of
Craven and Ann Peyton, and of Lawrence and
(Oldham) Ross, and a descendant of
Henry and Ellen (Partington) Peyton. He was
graduated at Transylvania university, M.D., in
1827. He was married to Mary Kincheloe ; prac
tised medicine in Hartford. Ky. ; represented Bul
litt county in the state legislature in 1835 ; was a
Democratic representative from Kentucky in
the 30th, 35th and 36th congresses, 1847-49 and
1857-61, and was defeated for the 31st congress
in 1848. He was a member of the committee on
public buildings and grounds in the 36th congress.
He died in Hartford. Ky.. Jan. 4, 1870.
PHELAN, James, senator, was born in Hunts-
ville. Ala.. Oct. 11, 1821 ; son of John and Priscilla
Oakes (Ford) Morris Phelan. and grandson of
Dennis Phelan, who emigrated from Mary borough,
Queen s county. Ireland, to New York city, with
his wife. Mary (Lalor) Phelan, and children in
1793. and resided in New Jersey, Virginia and
Alabama. James served an apprenticeship in the
office of the Huntsville Democrat, 1835-42. be
came editor of The Flag of the Union at Tuska-
loosa in 1842, and state printer in 1843. He was
married, Sept. 22, 1846, to Eliza J., daughter of
Dr. Alfred and Eliza (Jones) Moore of Madison
county, N.J. He practised law in Huntsville,
1846-49. and in Aberdeen, Miss., 1849-65. He
was a state senator in 1860, and Confederate
States senator, 1862-64. He introduced in the
Confederate senate in 1863, a bill to impress all
the cotton in the South, pay for it in Confederate
bonds and use it as a basis for a foreign loan.
Tli is bill failed to pass, and Mr. Phelan was de
feated in the next senatorial election. He served
as judge advocate of Alabama, 1864-65, and then
resumed the practice of law in Memphis, Tenn.,
where he died, May 17, 1873.
PHELAN, James, representative, was born in
Aberdeen, Miss., Dec. 7, 1856 ; son of Judge James
and Eliza J. (Moore) Phelan. He removed to
Memphis, Tenn., with his parents, 1867, and was
educated in the Kentucky Military institute, the
literary department of the University of Nash
ville, and at University of Mississippi, where he
matriculated in 1872. He went to Europe in 1874,
and completed his education in the Gymnasium
of St. Thomas, and at the University of Leipzig,
where he received the degree Ph.D. in 1878. In
1881 he settled in the practice of law in Memphis,
and was married, Oct. 15 of that year, to Mary,
daughter of Dr. Robert Early of Lynchburg, Va.
He was a Democratic representative from the
tenth Tennessee district in the 50th and 51st con
gresses, 1887-91. He died in Nassau, Bahama Is
lands, seeking relief from phthisis, Jan. 30, 1891.
PHELAN, Richard, R. C. bishop, was born at
Tralee, county Limerick, Ireland, Jan. 1, 1828.
He was educated in St. Kieran s college, Kilkenny.
He immigrated to the United States with Bishop
Michael O Connor of Pittsburg, Pa., in 1850, on
the hitter s call for students to take up the work
of the church in his diocese, and prepared for the
priesthood in St. Michael s seminary, Pittsburg,
and in St. Mary s Theological seminary, Balti
more, Md. He was ordained priest at Pittsburg,
Pa. . by Bishop O Connor, May 4, 1854, was charged
with a small mission at Cameron s Bottoms, In
diana county, Pa., and was assistant rector at
St. Paul s cathedral, Pittsburg, Pa., 1855-58. He
was rector of the church at Free port, Pa., 1858-
68, and of St. Peter s church at Allegheny, Pa.,
1868-85, where he built a church at a cost of
$150,000, and completed the schools commenced
by the Rev. Tobias Mullen. In 1881 he was ap
pointed administrator of the diocese of Pittsburg
and Allegheny, during the absence of Bishop
Tuigg, and vicar-general in 1883, and was nomi
nated coadjutor of the two sees with the right of
succession in 1885. He was consecrated titular
bishop of Cibyra at Pittsburg, Pa., Aug. 2, 1885,
by Archbishop Ryan of Philadelphia, assisted by
Bishops Mullen and Shanahan, and succeeded to
the full bishopric on the death of Bishop Tuigg,
Dec. 7, 1889, taking up his residence at Pittsburg,
the see city, in 1891.
PHELPS, Almira (Hart) Lincoln, educator,
was born in Berlin. Conn., July 15. 1793 ; daugh
ter of Capt. Samuel and Lydia (Hinsdale) Hart ;
granddaughter of Lieut. Samuel and Mary
(Hooker) Hart and of Capt. John and Elizabeth
(Cole) Hinsdale. and a descendant of Thomas
Hooker and of Stephen Hart, who came from
Essex, England, to Massachusetts about 1632,
[233]
PHELPS
PIIELPS
settled first at Braintree and tlien in Newtown, Theological seminary, 1838-42 ; was licensed to
and was an original proprietor of Hartford, Conn.,
in 1635. She was instructed by her sister, Mrs.
Emma Hart Willard (q.v.), whom she assisted at
Middlebury, Vt., and completed her education
in the Female academy, Pittsfield, Mass. She
taught a private school at Middletown, Conn., was
again with her sister at Middlebury and was prin
cipal of the Sandy Hill, N.Y., Female academy,
1815-17. She was married, Oct. 15, 1817, to Simeon
Lincoln, Jr., and after his death .she became
head teacher in the department of natural science
in Mrs. Willard s seminary at Troy, N.Y. , and
vice-principal of the seminary in 1827, managing
it while her sister was in Europe. She was mar
ried secondly, in 1831, to Judge John Phelps of
Vermont, and retired from active educational
work until 1838, when she became principal of
the West Chester, Pa., Female seminary. She
was subsequently principal of a private school at
Rahway, N.J., and conducted, witli her husband,
the Patapsco institute, a diocesan female school
at Baltimore, Md., 1841-1849, where she remained
alone, 1849-56. She was the second woman to be
elected a member of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science, and read before
that body papers on the religious and scientific
character and writings of Edward Hitchcock
(1866), and the Infidel Tendencies of Modern
Science" (1878). She was also a member of the
Maryland Academy of Science, to which society
she gave her herbarium containing about 600
specimens. She is the author of: Familiar Lec
tures on Botany (1829) ; Dictionary of Chemistry
(1830) ; Botany for Beginners (1831) ; Geology
for Beginners (1832) ; Female Student or Fireside
Friend (1833) ; Chemistry for Beginners (1834) ;
Lectures on Natural Philosophy (1835) ; Lectures
on Chemistry (1837) ; Natural Philosophy for
Beginners (1837) ; Ida Norman (1850) ; Christian
Households (1860) ; Hours until My Pupils (1869) ;
Autumn Fruits (1873), and Preserved in the Win
ter of Life (1873). She also edited : Our Coun
try, in its Relation to the Past, Present and Future
(1868), and the proceeds from its sale were de
voted to the Christian and sanitary commis
sions. She diod in Baltimore, Md., July 15, 1884.
PHELPS, Austin, clergyman, was born in
West Brookfield, Mass., Jan. 7, 1820 ; son of
Eliakim and Sarah (Adams) Phelps ; grandson of
Eliakim and Abigail (Combes) Phelps. and a
descendant of William Phelps, who came from
Tewksbury, England, to America in the ship
Mary and John in 1630, settled first at Hull and
then in Dorchester, Mass., and Windsor, Conn.,
in 1635. He attended Hobart college, 1833-34;
Amherst college in 1835 ; was graduated at the
University of Pennsylvania, A.B., 1837, A.M.,
1840 ; was resident licentiate at the Andover
preach in 1840, and was pastor of the Pine St.
Congregational church, Boston, Mass., 1842-48.
He was professor of liomiletics and sacred rhetoric
in Andover Theological seminary, 1848-79, pro
fessor emeritus, 1879-90, and president of the
seminary, 1869-79. He served as chaplain of both
houses of the Massachusetts legislature and
preached the "election sermon" in 1861. He
was married in September, 1842, to Elizabeth,
daughter of the Rev. Moses Stuart of Andover ;
secondly in April, 1855, to Mary, her sister, and
thirdly in June, 1858, to Mary A., daughter of
Samuel Johnson of Boston, Mass. He received
the honorary degree of D.D. from Amherst in
1856. He edited Hymns and Choirs with Prof.
Edwards A. Park and Rev. David Fnrber (1859);
Sabbath Hymn-Book with Prof. Park and Dr.
Lowell Mason (1859), and is the author of : The
Still Hour (1858), which had a large circulation
in America and abroad; Tlie New Birth (1867);
The Solitude of Christ (1868) ; Sabbath Hours
(1870); Studies of the Old Testament (187S);
Theory and Practice of Preaching : Lectures on
Homiletics (1882) ; My Portfolio (1882) ; English
Sii/le in Public Discourse (1883) : My Studies and
other Essays (1888) ; My Note-Book ; Fragmentary
Studies in Theology and Subjects Adjacent Thereto
(1889) ; besides addresses and contributions to the
Congregational! at and other periodicals. See
11 Memoir " by Mrs. E. S. P. Ward (1891). He
died at Bar Harbor. Maine, Oct. 13, 1890.
PHELPS, Charles Edward, jurist, was born in
Guilford, Vt., May 1, 1833; son of John and
Almira (Hart) Lincoln (q.v.) Phelps; grandson
of Capt. Samuel Hart, a soldier in the Revolu
tion, and a colonial champion of religious liberty ;
great-grandson of
Charles Phelps, the
first lawyer who set
tled in Vermont, and
a descendant of Wil
liam Phelps, who
came from England
in 1630. and of the
Rev. Thomas Hooker
(q.v.). He removed
to Maryland in 1841 ;
was graduated from
the College of New
Jersey, A.B., 1852,
A.M., 1855; studied
law at Harvard ; be
came a practising law
yer in Baltimore in 1855, and was admitted to prac
tice in the U.S. supreme court in 1859. He was
elected on the Reform ticket a member of the
city council of Baltimore in 1860 ; was one of the
organizers and major of the Maryland Guard,
L23C]
PHELPS
P HELPS
1858-61, and lieutenant-colonel and colonel of the
7th Maryland Volunteers, 1862-64. At the battle
of the Wilderness his horse was killed and
his clothing riddled, and at Spottsylvania,
May 8, 1864, his horse was killed, and he was
wounded and taken prisoner while leading the
2d division, 5th army corps, in the charge on the
works. He \vas recaptured by Sheridan s cavalry,
brevetted brigadier-general for gallant conduct,
and awarded the congressional medal of honor.
He was elected on the National Union ticket as a
representative from the third district of Maryland
in the 39th congress, 1865-67, where he opposed
the radical measures and policy of reconstruction,
and was re-elected on the Conservative ticket to
the 40th congress, 1867-69. He declined an exe
cutive appointment as judge of the court of
appeals in 1867 ; was married, Dec. 29, 1868, to
Martha Woodward of Baltimore, Md., and resumed
his practice in Baltimore. He was president of
the Baltimore school board, 1876 ; commander of
the 8th Maryland regiment during the strike
riots in 1877 ; president of the Maryland Associa
tion of Union Veterans, and a member of various
scientific, historical, military and social organiza
tions. In 1882 he was elected on the Independent
ticket judge of the supreme bench of Baltimore,
and in 1897 was nominated by all parties and re-
elected without opposition, the legislature, in
1902, upon the application of the Baltimore Bar
association, unanimously extending his term be
yond the constitutional age limit. In 1884 he
was chosen a law professor in the University of
Maryland. He is the author of : Juridical Equity
(1894), and Falstaff and Equity (1901).
PHELPS, Edward John, diplomatist, was born
in Middlebury, Vt., July 11, 1822 ; son of the Hon.
Samuel Shethar Phelps (q. v. ) . He was. graduated
at Middlebury. college, A.B., 1840, A.M., 1843 ;
practised law in Middlebury, 1843-45, and removed
to Burlington in 1845, where he was married in
August, 1846, to Mary, daughter of the Hon.
Stephen Haight. He was second comptroller of
the U.S. treasury, 1851-53. He was a delegate to
the state constitutional convention in 1870; pre
sided over the centennial ceremonies commem
orating the battle of Bennington in 1877 ; lectured
on medical jurisprudence in the University of
Vermont in 1880, and the same year was made
president of the A.merican Bar association. He
was defeated as the Democratic candidate for
governor of Vermont in 1880 : was Kent professor
of law at Yale, 1881-1900, and lectured on consti
tutional law at Boston university in 1882. He
was U.S. minister to Great Britain, 1885-89 ; was
the defeated Democratic candidate for U.S. sen
ator in 1890 ; was a member of the council of the
U.S. government before the court of arbitration
on the Bering Sea controversy in 1893, and
[237]
in 1896 supported William McKinley for the
presidency, although, being an anti-expansionist,
he strongly disapproved of his policy in regard to
Cuba and the Philippines. He received the de
gree of LL.D. from Middlebury in 1870. He
published an address on Chief Justice Marshall
and the Constitutional Laiv of his Time (1879).
and articles on The Constitution of the United
States in the Nineteenth Century in 1888. He
died at New Haven, Conn., March 9, 1900.
PHELPS, Elisha, representative, was born in
Simsbury, Conn., Nov. 7, 1779; son of Noah and
Lydia (Griswold) Phelps: grandson of David and
Abigail (Petibone) Phelps and of Edward and
Abigail (Gay lord) Griswold, and a descendant of
William Phelps, who settled in Windsor, Conn.,
in 1635. His father (born in Simsbury, Jan. 22,
1740), a large landholder and captain of militia,
planned aud took part with Gen. Samuel H. Par
sons in the expedition to Fort Ticonderoga in April,
1775, entering the fort the day before as a spy and
reporting its condition to Ethan Allen, which
enabled them to capture it ; served as captain in
Wards Connecticut regiment, 1776-77, and sub
sequently as lieutenant-colonel and colonel, and
in 1780 transferred cannon from Salisbury,
Conn., to Boston, for the ship Defense ; was judge
of probate twenty-two years, a representative in
the state legislature twenty seasons, and a major-
general of state militia, and died in Simsbury,
Conn., March 4, 1809. Elisha was graduated at
Yale in 1800 ; practised law at Simsbury, 1803-05,
and at Hartford, Conn., 1805-47, and was a mem
ber of each house of the state legislature for
several years, serving as speaker in 1821 and 1829.
He was a Democratic representative from Con
necticut in the 16th, 19th and 20th congresses,
1819-21 and 1825-29 ; state comptroller, 1830-34 ;
a commissioner to revise and codify the state
laws in 1835, and judge of the county court for
years. He died in Simsbury. Conn., April 18, 1847.
PHELPS, Elizabeth (Stuart), author, was
born at Andover, Mass., Aug. 13, 1815; daughter
of the Rev. Moses and Abigail (Clark) Stuart and
a descendant of Robert and Bertha (Rumball)
Stuart. Robert Stuart came to Massachusetts in
1650, resided in Boston and at Milford, Conn.,
and settled in Norwalk, Conn., in 1660. Elizabeth
Stuart Phelps was educated at Andover, Mass.,
and in September, 1842, married the Rev. Austin
Phelps. They resided in Boston, Mass., 1842-48,
and then removed to her native place, where she
spent the remainder of her life. She began to
write short stories of New England life at an early
age, many being published under the pen name
" H.Trusta." Her works include : the Kitty Brown
series(1850); Sunny side (1851); A Peep at Number
F/re (1851): Tlie Angel over the Right Shoulder
(1851); The Tell- Tale (1852), and The Last Leaf
PHELPS
PHELPS
from Sunny side, with a memoir by her husband
(1833). The last book was published posthu
mously, and Sunnyside, a story of life in a country
parsonage, readied a sale of 100,000 copies in a
year. She died in Boston, Mass.. Nov. 30, 1852.
PHELPS, Elizabeth Stuart. See Ward, Eliza
beth Stuart Phelps.
PHELPS, James, representative, was born in
Colebrook, Conn., Jan. 12, 1822 : son of Dr. Lan
celot and Elizabeth (Sage) Phelps : grandson of
Lancelot Phelps. a volunteer in the Revolutionary
war, and a descendant of William Phelps, Wind
sor, Conn., 1635. His father was a representative
from Connecticut in the 24th and 25th congresses,
1835-39. He was educated in the Episcopal aca
demy at Cheshire, Conn., and in Washington
college, and was admitted to the bar in 1844. He
settled in practice in Essex, Conn.: was married,
Sept. 30, 1845, to Lydia A., daughter of Samuel
and Lydia (Wilson) Ingham, and served as judge
of probate. He was a representative in the Con
necticut legislature, 1853-54, and in 1856 : a state
senator, 1858-59 ; judge of the state superior court
1863-73 ; judge of the supreme court of errors,
1873-75; a Democratic representative from the
second district in the 44th-47th congresses, 1875-
83, and judge of the state superior court, 1885-92.
He died in Essex, Conn.. Jan. 16, 1900.
PHELPS, John Smith, governor of Missouri,
was born in Simsbury, Conn., Dec. 22, 1814 ; son
of Elisha Phelps (q.v.). He was graduated from
Trinity college in 1832 ; studied law with his
father, and practised in Connecticut until 1837,
when lie moved to Spring
field, Mo. He was a member
of the Missouri legislature
in 1840 ; brigade-inspector of
militia in 1841, and Demo
cratic representative to the
29th-36th congresses, 1845-
1861. During the 35th and
36th congresses respectively, he was chairman of
the committee on ways and means and one of the
select committee of thirty -three on the rebellious
states. He declined election to the 37th congress ;
joined the Federal forces as colonel of U.S. volun
teers in 1861 ; was made brigadier-general in July,
1862 ; was military governor of Arkansas, 1862-
63 ; delegate to the National Union convention at
Philadelphia, 1866 ; commissioner to settle war
claims in Indiana, 1867 ; unsuccessful Democratic
candidate for governor of Missouri. 1868. and
governor, 1876-82. He died in St. Louis, Mo.,
Nov. 20, 1886.
PHELPS, John Wolcott, soldier, was born in
Guilford, Vt., Nov. 13.1813; son of Judge John
and Lucy (Lovell) Phelps ; grandson of Timothy
Phelps, sheriff of Cumberland county under the
jurisdiction of New York, and a descendant of
W T illiam Phelps. Windsor, Conn., 1635. He was
graduated at the U.S. Military academy and
brevetted 2d lieutenant in the 4th artillery, July
1, 1836; was promoted 2d lieutenant, July 28,
1836, and served in the Florida war, 1836-39, and
in the Cherokee nation while removing the In
dians to the West. He was promoted 1st lieu
tenant, July 7. 1838 ; served on the northern
frontier during the Canada border disturbances,
1839-40. and at various forts in Michigan, 1840-
41 ; at Fort Monroe. Va., and Carlisle barracks,
Pa., 1841-45. In the war with Mexico, 1S46-48,
he served in the engagements leading up to the
capture of the city of Mexico, and declined the
brevet rank of captain. Aug. 20, 1847. for gal
lantry at Contreras and Churubusco. He was a
member of the board that devised a complete
system of instruction for siege, garrison, seacoast
and mountain artillery, 1849-50 ; was promoted
captain, March 31. 1850, and served in Texas,
1851-56, where he broke up a filibustering expe