dition. He was a member of the artillery board
at Fort Monroe, Va., 1856-57 ; served on frontier
duty in Kansas and on the Utah expedition,
1857-59, and resigned from the service, Nov. 2,
1859. Until the beginning of the civil war he
resided in Brattleboro, Vt.. where he wrote force
ful articles pointing out the danger of the con
stantly increasing political influence of the slave
states. He enlisted for the volunteer service and
was appointed colonel of the 1st Vermont volun
teers, May 2, 1861 ; took possession of and held
Newport News for the defense of Hampton Roads,
Va., May to November, 1861, and was engaged in
several skirmishes. He was promoted brigadier-
general of volunteers, Ma} 17, 1861; served on the
expedition to the Gulf of Mexico, late in 1861,
when he took military possession of Ship Island,
Miss., and with Commodore Farragut s fleet forced
the opening of the lower Mississippi in April and
May, 1862. While in garrison at Camp Parapet,
La., in 1862, lie organized the first Negro troops.
He was, however, ordered by the government
commander to cease such organization, and for
that reason resigned, Aug. 21, 1862, but not before
being declared an outlaw by the Confederate
government. He declined the commission of
major-general when the negroes were armed,
and retired to Brattleboro, Vt., where he resided
until 1883, when he was married to Mrs. Anna
B. Davis, and removed to Guilford. He devoted
himself to literary work ; was the candidate for
the American party for president of the United
States in 1880 : was vice-president of the Vermont
Historical society. 1863-85, and of the Vermont
Teacher s association, 1865-85. He contributed
to current literature ; translated Lucien de la
Hodde s "Cradle of Rebellions" (1864) from the
French, and is the author of : Good Behavior,
[238]
PHELPS
PHELPS
text books for schools, adopted in the west (1880);
History of Madagascar 1884) , and The Fables of
Florian (1888). See Memoir " by C.II. C. Howard
(1887). He died in Guilford, Vt., Feb. 2, 1885.
PHELPS, Philip, clergyman and educator,
was born in Albany, N.Y., July 12, 1826 ; son of
Philip and Hannah (Mascraft) Phelps ; grandson
of John and Catherine (Conine) Phelps and of
John and Jane (Wilson) Mascraft, and a descend
ant of William Phelps, who emigrated from
Tewkesbury. England, and settled in Dorchester,
Mass. His father was for fifty years deputy comp
troller of the state of Xe\v York. Philip Phelps,
Jr., attended the Boys Academy of Albany,
X.Y., and was graduated with honor from Union
college, Schenectady, N.Y., A.B., 1844, and from
tlie New Brunswick, N.J., Theological seminary
in 1849. He was the organizer of the Reformed
church of Hastings-on-the-Hudson, and its
pastor, 1850-59; principal of Holland academy,
Mich., 1859-66; organizer and first president of
Hope college, Holland. Mich., 1866-78 ; founder of
Hope church, and lector in the Theological sem
inary at Holland. He engaged in literary work,
1879-86, and was pastor of the Reformed churches
of North Blenheim and Breakabeen, Classis of
Schoharie, N.Y.. 1886-96. He was married in
1853 to Margaret Anna Jordan, and of his four
children, Frances Few Chrystie married Dr. J. A.
Otte, missionary to Amoy, China, and the Rev.
Philip T. Phelps became pastor of the first Re
formed Church of Ghent, N.Y. Philip Phelps,
Sr., received the honorary degree of D.D. from
New York university in 1864, and that of LL.D.
from Hope college, Mich., in 1894. He was
elected to the presidency of the general synod of
the Reformed Church of America in 1864, and to
that of the particular synod of 1893. He died in
Albany, N.Y.. Sept. 4, 1896.
PHELPS, Samuel Shethar, jurist, was born
in Litchaeld, Conn., May 13, 1793; son of Capt.
John and Sally (Shethar) Phelps ; grandson of
Edward and Hannah (Marsh) Phelps, and a
descendant of William Phelps, the immigrant,
Windsor, Conn., 1635. He was graduated at
Yale, A.B., 1811, A.M., 1814, and served in the
war of 1812, in the ranks ;it Burlington and
Plattsburg. and afterward as a paymaster : was
admitted to the bar in 1815, and settled in prac
tice in Middlebury, Vt. He was a member of
the Vermont legislature, 1821-32 ; of the council
of censors in 1827, and of the governors council
in 1831. He was judge of the supreme court of
Vermont, 1832-38, a member of the state senate,
1838-51, and was appointed to the U.S. senate in
1853, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of
William Upham. He served until March 4, 1854,
but was refused admission at the next session on
account of his intemperate habits. He was a
member of the committees on claims and Indian
affairs, made several notable speeches in condem
nation of slavery and was a member of the select
committee of thirteen. When the gun exploded
on the frigate Princeton in 1844, Mr. Phelps was
a visitor on board, and narrowly escaped death.
In 1854 he retired to private life, although he
still continued to practise law. He published an
Address on tlte Council of Censors (1827) ; Speech
on the Tariff Bill (1844) ; Speech on the Oregon
Question (1848). He died in Middlebury, Vt.,
March 25, 1855.
PHELPS, Stephen, pastor and educator, was
born in Lewistown, 111., Feb. 6, 1839; son of
Myron and Adaline (Rice) Phelps, and grandson
of Stephen and Lois Phelps and of Asaph and
Abigail Rice. He was graduated from Jefferson
college. Pa., in 1859 and from the Western Theo
logical seminary, Allegheny, Pa., in 1862. He
was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Ohio
in 1861 ; ordained by the Presbytery of Missouri
River in 1863 ; was in Iowa as pastor at Sioux
City, 1862-64 ; Waterloo, 1864-69 ; Janesville,
1869-70 ; Cedar Valley, 1870-71 ; Vinton, 1871-81 ;
president of Coe college, Cedar Rapids, 1881-87,
and pastor at Council Bluffs, 1887-96. He was
also professor of horniletics, pastoral theology
and church government at the Presbyterian
Theological seminary, Omaha, Neb., 1891-1902,
and on June 1, 1902, became pastor of the Pres
byterian chui ch, Essex, Iowa. He was married
first, June 20, 1862, to Amelia, daughter of Wil
liam McComb of Lewistown, 111., and secondly,
Dec. 25, 1882, to Sarah Frances, daughter of
William Thompson Miller of Vinton, Iowa. He
received the degree D.D. from Lenox college
and from Washington and Jefferson college in
1882.
PHELPS, Thomas Stowell, naval officer, was
born in Buckfield, Maine. Nov. 2, 1822 ; son of
Stephen and Elizabeth Nixon (Stowell) Phelps;
grandson of Henry and Lucy (Putnam) Phelps,
and a descendant of George, who came to
America with his brother, William Phelps, in
1630, and settled in Windsor, Conn., in 1635.
Thomas S. Phelps was graduated from the U.S.
Naval academy, passed midshipman, July 11,
1846, and was wrecked in the sloop Boston on
the Island of Eleuthera, West Indies, Nov. 16,
1846. He was attached to the Polk in Mexico
waters, February to April, 1847 ; was mar
ried, Jan. 25, 1848, to Margaret R., daughter of
Capt. John B. Lev}- of Virginia ; served on the
U.S. coast survey, and in the Mediterranean
squadron and on the Pacific coast, 1855-56, parti
cipating in the battle of Seattle, Oregon, Jan. 26,
1856. He was promoted master. March 1. 1855;
lieutenant, Sept. 14, 1855 ; served on the Brazil
squadron and took part in the Paraguay expedi-
[239]
PHELPS
tion, 1858-59 ; commanded the steamer Vixen on
the coast survey, 1859-61, and was attached to the
fleet sent for the relief of Fort Sumter in 1861.
He made a survey and chart of the Potomac river
in 1861 ; was transferred to the Corn-in for ser
vice in North Carolina waters in September, 1861;
surveyed Hatteras Inlet, and had several skir
mishes with Confederate gunboats. He received
the thanks of the secretary of the navy for his
services ; was engaged in surveying Virginia
waters in March, 1862 ; had several engagements
with the Yorktown and Gloucester Point bat
teries, April, 1862 ; captured five and destroyed
two Confederate vessels, and prevented the de
struction of White House, Va., May 4, 1862. He
ascended the Matipony river during the battle of
West Point, Va., May 7, 1862 ; made reconnois-
sance charts of the Matipony and Pamunky rivers,
and was promoted lieutenant-commander, July
16, 1862. He made a complete survey of the
Potomac river from July, 1862 to March, 1863 ;
commanded steamer Corwiu in making surveys
in anticipation of naval and military movements,
March, 1863 to December, 1864 ; commanded the
Sangus, December. 1864 to January, 1865 ; the
Juniata at the capture of Fort Fisher, Jan. 15,
1865 ; the Lenapee, on the Atlantic coast squad
ron, March, 1865 to April, 1867, and was promoted
commander, Aug. 5, 1865. He was stationed at
the Mare Island navy yard, Cal., 1867-70; com
manded the receiving ship Independence, 1870-71 ;
the Saranac of the Northern Pacific station,
1871-73 ; was promoted captain, June 19. 1871,
and commanded the Mare Island navy yard, 1873-
77. He commanded the receiving ship Independ
ence, 1877-79 ; was promoted commodore, Jan. 13,
1879: commanded Mare Island navy yard, 1881-
83 : South Atlantic station, 1883-84; was promoted
rear-admiral, March 1,1884, and was placed on the
retired list. Nov. 2, 1884. He is the author of
Reminiscences of Washington Territory (1882).
He died in New York city, Jan. 10, 1901.
PHELPS, William Walter, diplomatist, was
born in New York city, Aug. 24, 1839 ; son of
John Jay and Rachel B. (Phinney) Phelps, and a
descendant of William Phelps. Windsor. Conn.,
1635. His father removed from Simsbury, Conn.,
to New York city and became prominent as an
importing merchant and as the organizer and
first president of the Delaware, Lackawanna and
Western railroad company. William was grad
uated at Yale, A. B.. 1860, A. M., 1863, and was
married, July 26, 1860. to Ellen, daughter of Joseph
E. Sheffield of New Haven, Conn. He was grad
uated at Columbia, LL.B., 1863 ; settled in prac
tice in New York city, and became counsel for
various banks, trust companies and railroad cor
porations. Upon the death of his father in 1869,
he devoted himself entirely to the management
of the family estates and other private trusts.
He declined the judgeship of the 6th judicial
district of New York in 1869, removed to Engle-
wood, N.J.. and was a Republican representative
from the fifth district in the 43d, 48ch, 49th, and
50th congresses, 1873-
75 and 1883-89. He
was a delegate to the
Republican national
conventions of 1880
and 1884; U.S. minis
ter to Austria, 1881-
82 ; U. S. minister to
Germany, 1889-93,
and lay judge of the
court of errors and
appeals of New Jer
sey. He served on
the committee on
foreign affairs for
three successive con
gresses, and repre
sented American interests at the International
conference on the Samoan question in Berlin
in 1889. He was a regent of the Smithsonian
Institution ; was influential in securing for the
graduates of Yale a share in the government
of the university ; was a fellow of Yale, 1872-92,
and received the honorary degree of LL.D. from
Rutgers in 1889, and from Yale in 1890. He made
gifts to Yale university aggregating $150.000.
He was a prominent member of the leading
clubs in New York city. His published speeches
include: Franking Privileges (1874); Sound
Currency (1874) ; Civil Rights Bill (1875) ; FUz-
John Porter s Case (1884) ; Laakar Resolutions
(1884) ; oration before General Grant and his
cabinet at a Grand Army reunion on The Dangers
of War at Paterson, N.J.; The Dangers of Peace.
Decoration Day, Mount Holly, N. J. (1886) ; Tariff,
address before the Agricultural Society of New
Jersey (1884), and one on Congress before the
New England society (1886). He died atTeaneck,
near Englewood, N.J.. June 17, 1894.
PHILIP or POMETACOM, Indian chief, was
born in New England ; son of Massasoit, chief of
the Wampanoags, whose treaty with the colonists
in 1621 was maintained for fifty years. Philip
became chief sachem in 1662, two years after his
father s death, and was apparently friendly with
the English for many years, although he always
opposed Christianity, especially the work of John
Eliot, and his example largely influenced his
warriors. Many of his tribe became impatient
at the frequent demands of the colonists for the
purchase of lands, and the consequnt frequent
quarrels made King Philip apprehensive for his
own safety. In 1671 he was summoned with his
warriors to answer to the charge of secret plot-
[240]
PHILIP
ting against the colonists, ami in the interview
lie alleged that his preparations were designed as
a defense against the Narragansetts and not
against the white settlers. He then signed an
agreement to keep peace, but refused to surren
der his arms, whereupon he was summoned to
Boston, and signed articles of submission and
deposited 100 as a bond of indemnity. After
three years of peace the discovery of the murder
of Sassamon, an Indian spy and convert, was the
signal for war. In the meantime a defensive al
liance of all the New England tribes against the
English had been planned, and the result was the
banding of a force of nearly 10,000 warriors.
King Philip s principal village was at Mt. Hope.
R.I.. and there in 1675 he began his preparations
for war, first sending the women and children of
his people to the Narragansetts for protection.
The first attack by the Indians was made at Swan
sea, June 24, 167"), while the colonists were keep
ing a day of fasting. Volunteers hurried to the
town from all parts of Massachusetts and 011
June 29, Philip and his men took refuge with the
Nipmucks. In July the whites secured a treaty
of peace with Canochet, chief of the Narragan
setts, but in the meantime, King Philip with
about 1500 braves visited the various tribes and
incited them to a general war. He then marched
against the settlers in the valley of the Connecti
cut, spreading destruction from Springfield,
Mass., north to the Vermont line. Brooktield and
Deerfield were burned and Hadley surprised, but
there the Indians were checked and repelled by
the villagers. It was soon learned by the colon
ists that the Narragansetts sheltered the
Wampanoags, and in December, 1675, an attack
was made on their stronghold, the site of the
future city of Kingston. Canochet, who escaped,
was recaptured and killed ; 600 warriors and 1000
women and children were put to death, and their
wigwams and provisions burned. The Indians
retaliated in the spring of 1676 by laying waste
"\Veymouth, Groton, Medfield, Lancaster and
Maiiborough, Mass., and Warwick and Pro
vidence, R.I. Philip s cause, however, soon
waned, and several tribes stopped fighting, while
those who were neutral joined the side of the
colonists. The government set a price of thirty
shillings per head on every Indian killed in battle,
and many captured Indian women and children,
including Philip s wife and son, were sold as
slaves. In 1676 Capt. Benjamin Church organ
ized an expedition to destroy Philip and his
warriors. After being pursued from one place
to another, overtures of peace were made which
King Philip declined, and soon after Alderman,
a former member of his band, led a large
company of whites into his camp near Mount
Hope at midnight on Aug. 12, 1676, and Philip
was shot dead while trying to escape. His head
was cut off by Church and was exposed in Ply
mouth on a gibbet for twenty years. In con
formity witli the law of the colonies in dealing
with traitors his body was drawn and quartered on
a day set aside for public thanksgiving. See Ben
jamin Church s "Entertaining History of King
Philip s War " (1716), with additions by Samuel
Drake (1858); "Philip of Pokanoket " in Irv-
ing s " Sketch Book," and "Mount Hope" by
Gideon H. Hollister (1851). He died near Mount
Hope. R.I. . Aug. 13. 1676.
PHILIP, John Woodward, naval officer, was
born in New York city, Aug. 26, 1840. He was
graduated at the U.S. Naval academy, Jan. 1,
1861, served in the Constitution and the Santee,
and was promoted acting master, June 1, 1861,
and ordered to the
Marion of the Gulf
blockading squadron.
He served on the
Sonoma of the James
river fleet in 1862 ;
was promoted lieu
tenant, July 16, 1862,
and was executive
officer of the Cliip-
2)eica, the Pan-nee,
and monitor Mon-
t((iik of the South
Atlantic blockading
squadron during the
siege of Charles
ton, S.C., and was
wounded in the leg at Stone s River. He served
as executive officer of the Waclmsett of the
Asiatic squadron, 1865-67; was promoted lieuten
ant-commander, July 25, 1866 ; was executive of
the flagship Hartford of the Asiatic squadron,
1867-68 and 1872-73 ; of the Richmond, European
squadron, 1868-71, and commanded theMonocacy,
1873-74. He was promoted commander, Dec. 18,
1874 ; commanded one of the Pacific mail steam
ships, on leave of absence, 1874-76 ; the Adams,
1876-77 ; commanded Woodruff s scientific expe
dition around the world, April to December,
1877 ; commanded the Tuscarora, 1877-80, and
the Ranger, 1880-83. He engaged in the survey
of the west coast of Mexico and Central America,
and as lighthouse inspector of the twelfth dis
trict, 1884-87 ; commanded the U.S. receiving
ship Independence at Mare Island Navy yard, Cal.,
1887-90,and was promoted captain, March 31, 1889.
He commanded the Atlanta, 1890-91, served as
general inspector of the construction of the Keiv
York in 1892, and commanded her when ready
for service until 1894. He commanded the U.S.
Navy yard at Boston. Mass., 1894-97. the Texas
of the North Atlantic squadron, 1897-98, and
[241]
PHILIPS
PHILIPSE
under Commodore Schley in Cuban waters during
the Spanish American war, being conspicuous in
the naval battle of Santiago, July 3, 1898. He
was promoted commodore. Aug. 10, 1898 ; com
manded the North Atlantic squadron on the flag
ship New York, September, 1898. to January, 1899,
and the Brooklyn navy yard from 1899 until his
death. He was promoted rear admiral, March 3,
1899. On Feb. 4, 1899, he was presented by
Governor Roosevelt, in behalf of several New
York friends, with a handsome sword in com
memoration of his services in the destruction of
Cervera s fleet off Santiago. He was conspicuous
for his interest in religious matters and in the
work of the Y.M.C.A., and his request to his
crew not to cheer, when the Spanish sailors were
dying all around them, indicates his character. He
died in Brooklyn, N. Y., June 30, 1900.
PHILIPS, George Morris, educator, was born
in Atglen, Pa., Oct. 28, 1831 ; son of John Morris
and Saiah (Jones) Philips ; grandson of George
and Elizabeth (Morris) Philips and of Thomas and
Eliza (Todd) Jones, and a descendant of Joseph
Philips and of Griffith John Jones of Pembroke
shire, Wales, who emigrated to Chester Co., Pa.,
in 1735 and 1712 respectively. He was graduated
from Bucknell university, A.B., 1871, A.M., 1874 ;
was professor of mathematics at Monongahela
college, 1871-73; professor of higher mathematics
at the Pennsylvania State Normal school, West
Chester, 1873-78; professor of mathematics and
astronomy at Bucknell university, 1878-81, and
principal of the Pennsylvania State Normal
school from 1881. He was elected president of
the Chester County Historical society ; member
of the Sons of the Revolution ; president of the
Pennsylvania State Teachers association, 1891 ;
vice-president of the National Educational asso
ciation, 1894, and trustee of Bucknell university,
of which he was elected president in 1888, and
was also appointed state superintendent of public
instruction of Pennsylvania, but declined both
offices. He was made a member of the college
and university council of Pennsylvania and
director and vice-president of the local bauks.
He received the degree of Ph. D. from Bucknell
in 1884. His published works include : Astronomy
(with Isaac Sharpless, 1882); Natural Philosophy
(1883); Key to Philosophy (with C. C. Balderson,
1884); Civil Government of Pennsylvania (1893);
Geography of Pennsylvania (1893).
PHILIPS, John Fines, jurist, was born in
Thrall s Prairie, Boone county, Mo., Dec. 31, 1834 ;
son of John G. and Mary (Copeland) Philips ;
grandson of John and Mary Philips and of John
and Sarah Copeland, and of Scotch-Irish descent.
He attended the University of Missouri, 1851-33 ;
was graduated at Centre college, Ky., 1833 ;
studied law at Fayette, Mo.; was married, May 14.
1857, to Fleecie Batterton of Danville, and prac
tised law in Georgetown, 1857-61; Sedalia, 1805-82,
and Kansas City, Mo., 1882-83. He was a member
of the state constitutional convention of 1861 ;
served as colonel of the 7th Missouri cavalry in
the U.S. Volunteer army, 1861-65, and was
brevetted brigadier-general in the state militia.
He was a delegate to the Democratic national
convention of 1868, a representative from the
seventh Missouri district in the 44th and 46th
congresses, 1875-77 and 1880-81 ; commissioner
to the Pan Presbyterian convention, Edinburgh,
Scotland, 1877 ; commissioner of the supreme
court of Missouri, 1883-85 ; presiding judge of
the Kansas City court of appeals. 1885-8H, and
U.S district judge for the western district of
Missouri from June 25, 1888. He received the
honorary degree of LL.D. from Centre college,
Kentucky, in 1888, and from Central college,
Fayette, Mo., and the University of Missouri,
Columbia, Mo., in 1890.
PHILIPSE, Frederick, last lord of Philipse
Manor, was born in New York city in 1746 ; son
of Frederick Philipse (161)0-1751), and great-
grandson of Frederick Philipse (1626-1702), first
lord of the manor of Plrilipsborough, West-
chester count}*, N.Y., who built the first manor
house, Castle Philipse and Philipse church, Sleepy
Hollow, N.Y. , and married, first, the widow
of Peter Rudolphus De Yries, and the owner of
considerable property, and secondly in 1690, Cath
erine, daughter of Oloff I. Yan Cortland. Fred
erick, the last lord of the manor, was graduated
at King s (afterward Columbia) college in 1773,
in the class with Beverley Robinson (q.v. ), who
married his sister Susanna. He was captain of
dragoons in the British army ; a member of the
assembly of the colony of New York, and the last
lord of the manor of Philipseborough. He was
anxious to maintain his friendship for the mother
country without offending the patriots, among
whom he had many friends, but early in the Revo
lution his sympathies for the crown became more
marked and his property was confiscated, and
he was proscribed and banished by the Conti
nental congress. His sister Mary married Col.
Roger Morris of the British army, in 1758. and
before this marriage, while a guest at the home
of her brother-in-law, Beverly Robinson, in New
York city, met Col. George Washington, whose
suit she was said to have declined, although
Washington s private papers disprove the claim.
Colonel Morris built for his bride the mansion on
the heights north of New York city, which became
Washington s headquarters, and subsequently the
home of Madam Jumel, the second wife of Aaron
Burr. Colonel Philipse was a governor of King s
college subsequently to 1780. He died in Eng
land in 1785.
[212]
PHILLIPS
PHILLEO, Prudence Crandall, educator, was
born in Hopkinton, R.I., Sept. 3, 1803. She was
educated in the Friends school, Providence, R.I.,
engaged in teaching and in 1833 opened a select
boarding school for girls in Canterbury, Conn.,
which was patronized by the leading families of
the town. Through the admission of a colored
student, Sarah Harris, in 1833, her former patrons
withdrew their children. After consulting with
William Lloyd Garrison, she decided to conduct
her school entirely for the education of the
Negro, and it was so advertised in the Liberator
of March 2, 1833. Town meetings were held
denouncing Miss Crandall ; the grocer and the
provision dealer refused to sell food to the school,
and the pupils were assailed and insulted in the
streets. On May 24, 1833, a state law was passed
forbidding any person establishing a school for
the education of colored people without the
written permit of the selectmen. She was arrest
ed and imprisoned in June, and in August and
October was tried and convicted at the Windham
county court. The supreme court of errors
reversed the judgment on a technicality in Juh",
1834. The townspeople then sacked and burned
her house, and she reluctantly abandoned the
beginning of higher education for colored people
in New England, and shortly afterward married
the Rev. Calvin Pliilleo, a Baptist clergyman,
who died in 1876. She spent the remainder of
her life in New York, Illinois and Kansas. Her
portrait, painted by Francis Alexander for the