in Flemingsburg, Ky., Jan. 4, 1822. He was ap
pointed to the U.S. Military academy from Indi
ana and was graduated from there and brevetted
2d lieutenant, 4th artillery, July 1, 1843. He took
part in the military occupation of Texas, 1845-46,
and was commissioned 2d lieutenant, 3d artillery,
May 11, 1846. He was assistant professor of
geography, history and ethics at the U.S. Military
academy, 1846-47 ; of natural and experimental
philosophy, 1847-49, and principal assistant pro
fessor of the same, 1849-55. He was promoted
1st lieutenant, 3d artillery, March 3, 1847 ; served
on frontier duty at Fort Washita, Indian Ty.,
1855-56, and resigned from the army, Feb. 28,
1857. He was professor of mechanics and engi
neering in Washington university, St. Louis, Mo.,
1836-60, and a merchant at Lafayette, Ind., 1860-
61. On April 27, 1861, he was commissioned
colonel of the 7th Indiana volunteers, placed in
command of Camp Morton at Indianapolis, Ind..
was promoted brigadier-general of Indiana vol
unteers. May 10, 1861, and May 7 was commis
sioned brigadier-general of the U.S. volunteers.
He served in western Virginia under McClellan
and Rosecrans, and when in September, 1861,
Rosecrans marched against Wise, Reynolds was
left in command of the Cheat mountain district,
which lie defended in two lively combats, Sept.
12 and 14, preventing the diversion of Rosecrans
from his campaign, and on Oct. 3, 1861, he at
tacked the Confederates at Greenbrier river. He
resigned his commission, Jan. 23, 1862, and until
the following November spent his time enlisting
troops in Indiana. He was commissioned colonel
of the 75th Indiana volunteers, Aug. 21, 1862 :
and on Sept. 17, 1862, was promoted brigadier-
general, and attached to the Army of the Cum
berland. He was promoted major-general, Nov.
29. 1862, and in June, 1863, when Rosecrans dis
lodged Bragg at Tullahoma, Tenn., Reynolds
division supported Col. J. T. Wilder s mounted
infantry at Hoover s Gap and pushed Stewart
back to the main body. At Chickamauga, Ga. , lie
commanded the 4th division. 14th (Thomas s)
corps, and at the opening of battle was placed on
a crest with three other divisions, and when Long-
street broke through the Union line, these four
divisions were cut off from the rest of the line
and were the only part of Rosecrans s command
to hold its ground in the face of Longstreet s
desperate attack. Reynolds was made chief of
staff of the Army of the Cumberland, Oct. 10,
1863, and in this capacity took part in the battle
of Chattanooga. In January, 1864, lie was given
command of the defenses of New Orleans, La,,
and on July 7, 1864, was made commander of the
[453]
REYNOLDS
REYNOLDS
19th army corps. He commanded the Missis
sippi river from its mouth to Memphis, Term.,
October to November, 1864 ; the military division
of West Mississippi in November, 1864, the de
partment of Arkansas from November, 1864, to
April, 1866, and the 7th army corps from Novem
ber, 1864, to August, 1865. He was mustered out
of the volunteer service, Sept. 1. 1866, having
been reappointed to the U.S. army as colonel of
the 26th infantry, July 28, 1866. He commanded
the sub-district of the Rio Grande. Tex., the dis
trict of Texas and the 5th military district, 1867-
68 ; was brevetted brigadier-general of the U.S.
arm} . March 2, 1867, for Chickamauga and Mis
sion Ridge respectively, served as assistant com
missioner of the Freedmen s Bureau for Texas in
December, 1868, and January, 1869, and as a
member of the court of inquiry at Washington,
D.C., January to February. 1869. He commanded
the 5th military district. 1869-70 ; the department
of Texas, 1870-72. was transferred to the 25th
infantry. Jan. 8, 1870, and to the 3d cavalry, Dec.
15, 1870, and commanded Fort McPherson, Neb.,
from March, 1872, to May, 1873, and from August,
1873, to February, 1874. He was a member of
the board of visitors to the U.S. Naval academy
in July, 1873, and of the court of inquiry at
Washington, D.C., February to May, 1874 ; in
command of Fort D. A. Russell. Wyo., and of the
district of South Platte, 1874-76. and of the Big
Horn expedition, February to April, 1876, and
was retired from active service for disability con
tracted in the line of duty, June 25, 1877. He
received the honorary degree A.M. from Wabash
college in 1853, and declined the nomination of
U.S. senator from Texas in 1871. He died in
Washington, D.C., Feb. 25, 1899.
REYNOLDS, Robert John, governor of Dela
ware, was born in Smyrna. Del., March 17, 1838 ;
son of Robert W. Reynolds, who was defeated by
four votes for governor of Delaware in 1862. He
was educated in the public schools of Fairfield,
N.Y., and engaged in farming in Petersburg,
Del., in 1861, making a specialty of the cultiva
tion of peaches. He was married in 1861 to
Lavinia L., daughter of William E. Riggs of
Newcastle county, Del. He was elected a mem
ber of the general assembly of Delaware, 1879-83,
served as state treasurer, 1879-83, and as chair
man of the Democratic state committee, 1883-87.
He was elected governor of Delaware by the
Democratic party, serving 1891-95. He was a
delegate to the Democratic national convention
of 1892, and resumed farming in 1895.
REYNOLDS, Thomas, governor of Missouri,
was born in Bracken county, Ky., March 12, 1796.
He was admitted to the bar in 1817 ; removed to
Illinois, where he engaged in the practice of law
and was elected clerk of the state house of rep
resentatives. He was a representative in and
speaker of that body ; attorney -general of the
state, and chief-justice of the state supreme
court. He removed to Fay-
ette. Howard county, Mo.,
in 1829 : represented How
ard county in the state leg
islature, and was elected
speaker in 1832. He was a
circuit judge for several
years, and in 1840 was
elected governor of Missouri by the Democratic-
party serving. 1S41-44. He died by his own
hand at Jefferson City. Mo.. Feb. 9. 1844.
REYNOLDS, William, naval officer, was born
in Lancaster. Pa.. Dec. 18, 1815; son of John
and Lydia (Moore) Reynolds. He was appointed
acting midshipman in the U.S. navy, Nov. 17,
1831 ; was stationed at the Naval school. Norfolk,
Va., 1836-67; promoted past midshipman. June
15, 1837 ; served on Capt. Charles Wilkes s explor
ing expedition. 1838-42, and was commissioned
lieutenant, Sept. 8, 1841. He was attached to
the Cumberland and Plymouth of the Mediter
ranean squadron, 1843-45; to the steamer AUc-
gliany, on the Mississippi river, in the Gulf of
Mexico, at Brazil and in the Mediterranean,
1846-49; was on sick leave, 1850-57: naval store
keeper at Honolulu, in the Sandwich Islands.
1857-61 ; was returned to the active list, April
25, 1861 ; promoted commander. June 9. 1862,
and commanded the Vermont at Port Royal. S.C.,
in November. 1862, and the New Hampshire, and
the naval depot at Port Royal. 1863-65. He was
promoted captain, July 25, 1866, commanded the
Lackawanna of. the North Pacific squadron. 1866-
69 ; served as senior officer of the ordnance board,
1869-70, and was promoted commodore, June 10,
1870. He was chief of the bureau of equipment,
1870-75 : acting secretary of the navy, during
the temporary absence of Secretary Robeson,
1873-74: was promoted rear-admiral, Dec. 12,
1873. and commanded the Asiatic station on the
flagship Tennessee, 1875-77. In 1877 ill health
forced him to return to the United States, and
he was placed on the retired list, Dec. 10, 1877,
and died in Washington, D.C., Nov. 5, 1879.
REYNOLDS, William Morton, clergyman,
was born in Fayette county, Pa., March 4, 1812 ;
son of Col. George (a Revolutionary soldier) and
Mary (Babe) Reynolds. He was graduated at the
Theological seminary at Gettysburg, Pa., in 1828,
and at Jefferson college, Canonsburg, Pa., in
1832 ; was principal of the preparatory depart
ment of Pennsylvania college, Gettysburg, Pa.,
1833-35 : financial agent of the college in 1835 ;
was licensed to preach by the Western Penn
sylvania Synod of the Lutheran church in 1835,
and ordained in 1836. He was pastor of the
[454]
REZE
RHEA
Lutheran congregation at Deerfield, N.J., 1835-
36, and professor of Latin in Pennsylvania col
lege, 1836-00. He was married in June, 1838,
to Anna Maria, daughter of John Swan. He was
the first president of Capitol university, Colum
bus, Ohio, 1850-53 ; principal of a female seminary,
Easton. Pa., and of a classical academy, Allen-
town, Pa., 1853-37; president of Illinois State
university, 1857-60 ; principal of a female semi
nary in Chicago, 111.. 1860-64 : was admitted to the
diaconate and ordained priest in the Protestant
Episcopal church by Bishop Whitehouse of Illi
nois in 1864, and was rector of various parishes
in the diocese of Illinois until his death. He
received the degree D.D. from Jefferson college
in 1850. He founded and became editor of the
Ecangelical Magazine in 1840 ; edited the Lin-
ncean Record and Journal in 1845. and established
and edited the Evangelical Eevietr, 1849-62. He
was also the chief editor of the hymn book of
the general synod in 1850, and an active member
of its liturgical committee for several years. He
published American Literature, an address (1845) ;
The (. aptii i of Plant us, with introduction and
notes (1846); Inaugural Address as President of
Capitol University (1850); Historical Address
before the Historical Society of the Lutheran
Church (1848); Inaugural Address as President
of Illinois State University (1858); and translated
with introduction and notes. History of Xew
Sweden, by Israel Acrelius (1874). He died in
Oak Park. 111., Sept. 5. 1876.
REZE, Frederic, R.C. bishop, was born near
Vienenberg, diocese of Hildeshiem, Germany,
Feb. 6, 1791; son of John Gotf ried and Caroline
(Alrutz) Reese and was baptized John Frederic
Conrad Rese (Reese). Being left an orphan he was
apprenticed to a tailor, and subsequently engaged
in that, trade until 1813, when he was drafted into
the military service of his country. He served
in the English Hanoverian campaigns, 1813-14,
being a dragoon under General Bliicher at Water
loo. He was prepared for the priesthood in the
College of the Propaganda at Rome, and ordained
at Rome by Cardinal Zurla. prefect of the Pro
paganda in 1822, his nam3 being thereafter
written Frederic Reze. He served on the African
mission. 1822-24, when ill-health forced him to
retire. He accompanied Bishop Edward D.
Fenwick to the United States in 1823. became
his secretary, and labored in the diocese of Cin
cinnati, devoting himself specially to the Ger
mans. He was sent to Europe by Bishop Fenwick
in 1827, to secure German priests and financial
aid. and returned in 1823 with several mission
aries, having been successful and instrumental
in founding the Leopoldine society in Vienna,
Austria, for helping poor missions in America.
He went on a mission to the Indians in Wiscon
sin and Michigan in 1830, having been appointed
vicar-general of these states ; became adminis
trator of the diocese of Cincinnati on the death
of Bishop Fenwick in 1832, and on Feb. 25, 1833,
was appointed the first bishop of the diocese of
Detroit, established, March 8, 1833. He was con
secrated at Cincinnati, Ohio, Oct. 6, 1833, by
Bishop Rosati, assisted by Bishop Flaget and
Coadjutor-Bishop David, and was the first bishop
of German birth in the United States. He at
tended the 2d provincial council of Baltimore in
1833, and during his bishopric founded St.
Philip s college in Detroit, established academies
there and at Green Bay, which he placed under
the order of the Poor Clares, and opened schools
for the Indians. He also introduced the Redemp-
torists into the United States. Although successful
in his work he met with innumerable difficulties
in his diocese, and becoming ill from a disease of
the brain he was called to Rome and given a
coadjutor in 1837. in the person of Peter Paul
Lefevre (q.v.). Bishop Reze continued to per
form some duties at Rome, 1837-49. and was
placed in the hospital of the Sisters of Charity,
at Lappenberg. Germany, in 1849. He died in
Hildesheim, Germany, Dec. 30, 1871.
RHEA, John, representative, was born in Ire
land, about 1753. He came to the United States
with his father, a Scotch-Irish Presbyterian min
ister in 1769 ; settled in Pennsylvania, and re
moved to eastern Tennessee, then a part of the
state of North Carolina, in 1778. He was gradu
ated from the College of New Jersey, A.B., 1780,
A.M. 1783, was a member of the Patriot force
in the battle of King s Mountain in October, 1780,
and was clerk of the county court of Sullivan
county in the proposed state of Franklin, and
subsequently in North Carolina, 1785-90, serving
in the North Carolina house of commons and
in the state convention that ratified the consti
tution of the United States, 1789. He was a del
egate from Sullivan county to the constitutional
convention of Tennessee, 1796. serving on the
committee that drafted the constitution of the
new state. He was attorney-general of Greene
county, 1796 ; a representative from Washington
district in the lower house of the Tennessee leg
islature and doorkeeper of the house, 1796-97. and
a legislation elector to select presidential electors
in 1796. He was a Democratic representative
from Washington district in the 8th-12th con
gresses, 1803-13, and from the first Tennessee dis
trict in the 13th. 15th. 16th, and 17th congresses,
1813-15 and 1817-23, serving for many years as
chairman of the committee on postoffices and
postroads. He was appointed U.S. commissioner
to treat with the Choctaw Nation in 1816; was
an intermediary between General Jackson and
President Monroe in the memorable correspond-
[455|
EHEA
RHEES
ence preceding the war in Florida, 1818, and is
the author of the " Rhea Letter " written to James
Monroe in 1831 during President Jackson s ad
ministration. He was actively connected with
the progress of higher education in Tennessee,
being appointed a charter trustee of Greeneville
college, 1794 ; of Washington college, 1795, and
of East Tennessee college, 1807. He died in Suli-
van, Tenn., May 27, 1832.
RHEA, John S., representative, was born in
Russellville, Logan county, Ky., March 9, 1855.
He attended Bethel college, Russellville, and
Washington and Lee university -, Lexington, Va. ;
studied law ; was admitted to the bar in 1873,
and established himself in practice at Russell-
Tille. He was prosecuting attorney of Logan
count} , 1878-84 ; Democratic presidential elec
tor in 1884 and 1888, and a delegate t9 the
Democratic national conventions of 1892 and
1896, proposing at the latter the name of Senator
J. C. S. Blackburn for presidential nominee.
He was Democratic representative from the third
Kentucky district in the 55th, 56th and 57th
congresses, 1897-1903, and was re-elected to the
58th congress in November, 1902, for the term
expiring in 1905.
RHEA, William Francis, representative, was
born in Washington county, Va., April 20. 1859 ;
son of Joseph W. and Elizabeth Rhea. He at
tended the Oldfield school ; worked on a farm,
and was a student in King college, Bristol, Tenn.,
1875-78. He was married in November, 1878, to
Mary Chester, daughter of V. and Mary (Chester)
Keebler of Bristol, Va. He was admitted to the
bar in 1879 and began practice in Bristol ; was
judge of the county court of Washington county,
1881-85 ; state senator, 1885-89, and judge of the
city court of Bristol, 1890-95 when he resigned.
and resumed the practice of law in Bristol. He
was a Democratic representative from the ninth
district of Virginia in the 56th and 57th congresses,
1899-1903, and was a candidate for re-election to
the 58th congress, but was defeated by Campbell
Slemp. After the election Congressman Rhea
published the statement that if a certificate of
election should be issued by the Virginia state
board to himself based on the exclusion of the
votes of precincts Pattison and Mendota, he
he should decline to accept it, believing that the
votes belonged to his opponent.
RHEES, Benjamin Rush, educator, was born
in Chicago, 111., Feb. 8, 1860 : son of John Evans
and Annie (McCutchen) Rhees ; grandson of
Morgan John and Grace (Evans) Rhees, and of
William Moore and Eliza (St. John) McCutchen,
and a descendant of Morgan John Rhees, who
came to Philadelphia from Glamorganshire,
Wales, in 1794. He was graduated from Am-
herst college in 1883, and from Hartford Theo
logical seminary in 1888. He was Walker in
structor in mathematics at Amherst, 1883-85 ;
pastor of the Middle Street Baptist church, Ports
mouth, N.H., 1889-92; associate professor of New
Testament interpretation at the Newton Theolo
gical Institution, Newton Centre, Mass., 1892-94;
full professor, 1894-1900, and in 1900 became
president of the University of Rochester, suc
ceeding David Jayne Hill (q.v.). He was mar
ried, July 6, 1899, to Harriet Chapin, daughter of
President L. Clark Seelye of Smith college. The
degree of A.M. was conferred on him in 1897 by
Amherst for special work and thesis ; the honor
ary degree of LL.D. by Amherst in 1900, and
that of D.D. by Colgate in 1901. He is the
author of : TJie Life of Jesus of Nazaretli. a
Study (1900): and many articles on biblical sub
jects in the leading journals and periodicals.
RHEES, William Jones, bibliographer, was
born in Philadelphia. Pa., March 13, 1830 ; son
of Dr. Benjamin Rush and Margaret Grace
(Evans) Rhees, and grandson of the Rev. Morgan
John and Ann (Loxley) Rhees or Rhys, and of
Evan Rice and Grace
(Wallis) Evans. The
Rev. Morgan John
Rhys, a native of Gla
morganshire, Wales,
immigrated to the
United Slates in 1794,
and after residing
in Philadelphia. Pa.,
purchased, in connec
tion with Dr. Benja
min Rush, a large
tract of land in
Pennsylvania, which
he called Cambria,
and formed Cambria
county. He founded
Beulah as the capital of this tract, with a
number of Welsh colonists in 1798, but subse
quently settled in Somerset county. Pa., where
he served as judge, appointed by Governor
Mifflin. William Jones Rhees was graduated at
the Central High school, Philadelphia. Pa.. A.B.,
1847, A.M., 1852 ; became a clerk and draughts
man in the office of the Holland Land company
at Meadville, Pa., in 1847, and a clerk in the cen
sus office in Washington, D.C., in 1S50, where he
had charge of the division of social statistics and
miscellaneous printing until 1853. lie served as
secretary of the executive committee of the United
States for the Industrial Exhibition in London,
1851 ; was private secretary to Professor Joseph
Henry of the Smithsonian Institution, 1853-88 ;
chief clerk of the Institution from 1853, and
at various times (1884-87) acting secretary of
the Institution. He was married, Nov. 13, 1856,
[450]
RHETT
RHIND
to Laura O., daughter of Isaac and Mary A.
(Everett) Clarke of Washington, D.C. ; and
secondly, Sept. 20, 1866, to Romenia F. Ellis of
Boston, Mass. He was one of the three original
founders of the Young Men s Christian associa
tion, serving in all its offices from librarian to
president, and was a delegate to and secretary
of many national conventions. He was also one
of the founders of the Sons of the American
Revolution ; organized a lecture bureau in 1856
for the Y.M.C.A., securing the service of emi
nent speakers, and conducted Professor John
Tyndall s lecture tour of the United States in
1872. He was a trustee of the public schools of
Washington, 1862-68, 1873-74 and 1878-79, and
invented and patented the Rhees ruler and pencil-
case slate in 1868. He had charge of the publica
tions of the Smithsonian Institution ; edited The
Scientific Writings of James Smithson (1879),
and is the author of : Manual of Public Libraries,
Institution* and Societies in the United States
and British Provinces of North America (1859) ;
Guide to the Smithsonian Institution and Na
tional Museum (1859, and many later editions) ;
Manual of Public Schools of Washington (1863-
66) ; The Smithsonian Institution : Documents
Relative to its Origin and History (1879 and 1901);
James Smitlison and his Bequest (1880) ; and
various Catalogues of Publications of the Smith
sonian Institution (1862-1903).
RHETT, Robert Barnwell, statesman, was
born in Beaufort, S.C., Dec. 14, 1800 ; son of
James and Marianna (Gough) Smith. He re
ceived an academic education : was admitted to
the bar in 1824 ; was a representative from the
Beaufort district in
the state legislature
in 1826 ; attorney-gen
eral of the state in
1832, and in 1837 sub
stituted the surname
Rhett from a colonial
ancestor for his pat
ronymic Smith. He
was a States Rights
representative from
the seventh district
of South Carolina in
the 25th-30th con
gresses, 1837-49, and
was elected to the
U.S. senate to fill the
vacancy caused by the death of John C. Cal-
houn, serving from Jan. 6, 1851, to Aug. 31,
1852, and resigning during the vacation of con
gress from Aug. 31, to Dec. 6, 1852, on account
of the death of his wife. While in the senate
he urged the withdrawal of South Carolina
from the Union, even if the state stood alone
in the movement. He took no active part in
public affairs after his resignation until Decem
ber, 1860, when lie was a member of the South
Carolina secession convention, and prepared the
declaration of her people in convention, giving
to the world her reasons for seceding. He was
chairman of the South Carolina delegation to
the congress of seceded states that met at Mont
gomery, Ala., Feb. 4, 1861, and was made chair
man of the committee appointed to frame a con
stitution for a permanent government. To this
instrument he proposed the amendments in rela
tion to the protective policy ; the presidential
term ; the modification of the removal from office
or civil service reform, and the mode provided
for future amendments. It was his casting vote
that elected Jefferson Davis provisional president
of the Confederate States, although he was per
sonally opposed to his candidacy, and he was
chairman of the committee to notify the presi
dent elect and to present him to the convention
for inauguration. He was chairman of the com
mittee on foreign affairs in the provisional con
gress, and favored the immediate demand from
foreign nations of recognition of the Confederate
States of America as an independent government,
in which he was opposed by the administration.
On the removal of the seat of government to
Richmond and the organization of the govern
ment under a permanent constitution, Feb. 22,
1862, he appears to have taken no part either in
the administrative or legislative departments. He
owned the Charleston Mercury, in which he advo
cated his extreme states rights views, and his son,
Robert B. Rhett, Jr., conducted the paper during
the civil war. Senator Rhett removed to St.
James parish, La., from whence he was sent as
a delegate to the Democratic national conven
tion of 1868, apparently his last public act. He
died in St. James Parish. La., Sept. 14, 1876.
RHIND, Alexander Golden, naval officer, was
born in New York city, Oct. 31, 1821 ; son of
Charles and (Golden) Rhind. He was war
ranted midshipman, U.S.N., Sept. 3, 1838; at
tended the naval school, Philadelphia, Pa., 1844-
45 ; was advanced to passed midshipman, July 2,
1845, and was attached to Commodore Conner s
squadron during the Mexican war, participating
in the capture of Alvarado and Tabasco. He was
commissioned master, April 20, 1853 ; lieutenant,
Feb. 17, 1854 ; commanded the E. B. Hall on the
South Atlantic blockading squadron, and on
April 29, 1862, captured and destroyed the bat
teries on the north and south Edisto ; engaged
in a shore fight at Seabrook s plantation, when
with his crew and a Pennsylvania company, lie
defeated a mounted force of Confederates, for
which he received the thanks of the navy depart
ment ; was promoted lieutenant-commander,
[457]
KHOADS
RHODES
July 16, 1862, and commanded the Seneca on the
South Atlantic blockading squadron late in 1862.
He was promoted commander, Jan. 2, 1862, and
in Du Pout s attack on Charleston, S.C., April 7,
1863, he commanded the Keoknk. which made the
nearest approach to Fort Sumter, and was struck
ninety times, nineteen shots piercing her armor
at or below the water line, and several passing
through her two turrets and disabling the forward
gun early in the action. Rhind with difficulty
kept the ironclad afloat till the next morning,
when she sank at the lower anchorage. In this
engagement Commander Rhind was wounded.
He succeeded Capt. Charles Steed man to the
command of the double-ender gunboat Paul