Xurses.
W idows,
etc.
6,571
11,594
7,840
9,031
6,756
4,442
4,246
4,563
7,660
6,562
4.676
4,582
6,674
4,556
3,402
860
3,189
3,028
Invalids.
Widows,
etc.
353
â– 359
566
681
442
â– 30
Invalids.
Widows,
etc.
Invalids.
Widows,
etc.
June 30,
1894.
Topeka
Columbus . .
ChioAgo
Indiana' olis
Philadelp'ia
Knoxville . .
Des Moines.
"Washington
Boston
New York . .
Milwaukee .
Pittsburgh .
Buffalo
Detroit
Louisville . .
San Fran . . .
Concord
Augusta
32,620
40,839
30,007
40,oeo
15,202
10,039
25,376
16,267
16,339
13,634
23,032
14,601
19,656
20,411
8,825
5,256
10,056
10,233
52
47
39
21
35
28
42
49
43
28
17
5
14
14
11
45
4
5
1,043
â– 718
870
1,268
698
173
52,433
41.508
23,221
17,245
23,596
23,649
22,484
22,328
15,793
17,018
19,332
21,872
15,245
16,654
12,188
10,765
4,947
4.840
9,851
8,939
5,990
4,578
8,951
6,237
3,668
4,966
8,588
10,214
3,328
5,051
4,199
3,277
3,316
1,808
1,423
1,312
95,696
3,068
1,762
2; 618
2,687
2,319
613
705
873
• • • •
791
1,249
1,354
132
5,104
104,568
104,034
74,155
72,100
58,923
57,402
56,665
54,949
54,832
53,155
50,899
46,461
46,304
46,308
28,940
22,313
19,811
19, 716
104,917
103,611
74,118
71,439
57,749
57,042
56,989
56,963
55,046
53,482
51,431
45,774
46,896
45,010
29,414
21,058
20,083
19,523
Total
352,463
499
100,232
2,849
4,770
2,431
365,118
12.997
970,524
969,544
Inc. during
year
85
21
27
2,050
6,178
981
362
980
Dec. during
year
5,072
....
....
....
Pensioners of the "War of 1812— survivors, 21; widows, 3,826. Pensioners of the war with Mexico
-survivors, 12,586; widows, 7,868. Indian wars— survivors, 3,012; widows, 3,911.
NUMBER OF PENSION CLAIMS, PENSIONERS, AND DISBURSEMENTS, 1861-95.
Fiscal Ykas End-
ing JUNB 30.
1861...
1862...
1863...
1864...
1865...
1866...
1867...
1868...
1869...
1870. . .
1871...
1872...
1873...
1874...
1876. . .
1876. . .
1877...
1878...
1879. . .
1880....
1881....
1882. . . ,
1883....
1884....
1885....
1886...
1887....
1888....
1889....
1890....
1891....
1892...,
1893....
1894. . . .
1895....
Army and Navy.
Claims Allowed.
Invalids. ^^'^^^'
413
4,121
17,041
16,212
22,883
16,589
9,460
7,292
5,721
7,934
6,468
6,551
6,937
5,760
6,360
7,282
7.414
7,242
10.176
21,394
22,946
32.014
27,414
27,580
31,937
35,283
36,843
36, 830 ;
50,395'
41.381
17.876
10,232
6,129
5,415
49
3,763
22,446
24,959
27,294
19,893
19.461
15,904
12,600
8,399
7,244
4,073
3,152
4,736
4,376
3,861
3,550
3,379
4,455
3,920
3,999
5,303
6,366
7,743
8,610
11,217
10,816
11,924
14,612
11,914
7,287
7,296
4,225
3,627
Total
Number of
Applica-
tions Filed.
Total 1671,526,312,398 2,111,820 1,436,191
2,487
49,332
63,599
72,684
66,256
36,763
20,768
26,066
24,851
43,969
26,391
18,303
16,734
18,704
23,523
22,715
44,687
57,118
141,466
31,116
40,939
48,776
41,785
40,918
49,896
72,465
75,726
81,220
105,044
363,799
198,345
119,361
40,148
37,060
Total
Number of
Claims
Allowed.
462
7,884
39,487
40,171
50,177
36,482
28,921
23,196
18,221
16,562
34,333
16,052
10,462
11,152
9,977
11,326
11,962
31,346
19,545
27,394
27,664
38,162
34, 192
35,767
40,857
55,194
60,262
51,921
66,637
166,486
224,047
121,630
39,086
39, 185
Number of Pensioners on the
Roll.
Disbursements.
Invalids.
4,337
4,341
7,821
23,479
35,880
56,652
69,565
75,967
82,859
87,521
93.394
113,964
119,600
121,628
122,989
124,239
128,723
131,649
138,615
145,410
164,110
182,633
206,042
225,470
247,146
270,346
306,298
343,701
373,699
415,654
536,821
703,242
769.706
764,382
750,961
Widows,
etc.
4,299
3,818
6,970
27,656
60,106
71.070
83,618
93,686
105,104
111,165
114,101
118,275
118,911
114,613
111,832
107,898
103,381
92,349
104,140
105,392
104,720
103,064
97,616
97,286
97,979
95,437
99,709
108,866
116,026
122,290
139,339
172,826
206,306
216,162
219,567
Total.
8,636
8,159
14,791
51,135
85,986
126,722
153,183
169,643
187,963
198,686
207,496
232,299
238,411
236,241
234,821
232,137
232,104
223,998
242,765
250,802
268,830
285,697
303,658
323,756
346,125
366,783
406,007
452,567
489,726
637,944
676,160
876,068
966,012
969,544
970,524
§1,072,461.65
790,384.76
1,025,139.91
4,504,616.92
8,525,153.11
13,459,996.43
18,619,956.46
24,010,981.99
28,422,884.08
* 27,780,811.81
33,077,383.63
30,169,341.00
29,185,289.62
30.593,749.66
29,683,116.63
28,351,599.69
28,580,157.04
26,844,415.18
33,780,526.19
67,240,640.14
60,626,538.51
54,296,280.54
60,431,972.85
57,273,636.74
65,693,706.72
64,584,270.46
74,815,486.85
79,646,146.37
89,131,968.44
106,493,890.19
118,548,959.71
141,086,948.84
158,155,342.51
140,772,163.78
140,959,361.00
j$l, 858, 235, 077. 20
J*ension Statistics.
83
UNITED STATES PENSION STATISTICS— Co?w!mtt€d.
Pension Agencies, Pension Agents, and Geographical Limits, June 30, 1895.
Agencies.
Augusta
BostX)n
Buffalo
Chicago
Columbus
Concord
Des Moines . .
Detroit
Indianapolis .
Knoxville
Louisville
Milwaukee. ..
New York. ..
Philadelphia .
Pittsburgh . . .
San Francisco
Topeka
Washington .
Total
Agents,
Richard W. Black
H. B. Lovering....
Sam'l E. Nichols
W. B. Anderson.
AmericusV. Rice
Thos. Cogswell. . .
C. H. Robinson. . .
H. H. Wheeler. . .
M.V. B. Spencer.
D. A. Carpenter.
Geo. M. Adams.
J. H. Woodnorth
Sam' 1 Truesdell. .
S. A. MulhoUand.
Geo. W. Skinner
Patrick F. Walsh
George W. Glick.
Sidney L. Wilson
Geographical Limits.
Maine
Connecticut, Mass. , Rhode Island .
Western New York
Illinois
Ohio
New Hampshire, Vermont ,
Iowa, Nebraska
Michigan
Indiana
Southern States*
Kentucky
Minnesota, Dakotas, Wisconsin...
East New York, East New Jersey.
East Pa. , West New Jersej^
West Pennsylvania
Pacific Coast
Colorado, Kansas, Mo. , N. Mexico.
Del. , Md. , Va. , W. Va. , D. C. , Foreign
Pay Places Naval
Pensioners.
Boston
Boston
New York City
Chicago
Chicago
Boston
Chicago
Chicago
Chicago
Washington . . .
Chicago
Chica^ro
New York City
Philadelphia ..
Philadelphia ..
San Francisco.
Chicago
Washington . . .
Disbursements.
$3,009,545.52
7,437,835.11
6,596,014.90
10,792,514.60
15,496,056.77
3,053,708.19
8,362,958.17
7,022,796.36
10,922,860.23
7,647,587.00
4,244,686.52
7,374,226.67
7,203,644.37
7,823,537.33
6,681,087.03
3,065,686.34
14,948,887.98
9,209,200.97
140,892,834.06
* Excepting the States in the Louisville and Washington districts. The exjjenses of pension agen-
cies in disbursing the pension fund during the fiscal year were $1,372,847. This is independent of the
expense of maintaining the pension bureau at Washington.
PENSIONERS IN EACH STATE AND TERRITORY.
Alabama...
Alaska T...
Arizona T.
Arkansas.
California.
Colorado...
Conn
Delaware. .
D. of Col
Florida
Georgia
4,031
18
569
10,364
14,844
6,332
11,859
2,730
8.354
3,217
3,708
Idaho
993
Illinois ...
68,678
Indiana..
69,850
Indian T.
2,478
Iowa
87,934
Kansas...
42,827
Kentuc'y
28,905
Louis' a...
4,453
Maine
20,468
Maryla'd
12,979
Mass
38,602
Michigan
Minn
Miss
Missouri..
Montana
Nebras' a
Nevada ..
N. Hamp
N. Jersey
N. Mex...
N. York..
46,258
16,206
3,715
53,959
1,232
17,261
254
9,272
20,133
1,243
88,719
N.Car'a..
4,425
N. Dak...
1,554
Ohio
105,160
Okla. T..
5,281
Oregon ...
4,573
Penn
90,493
R. Island
4,404
S.Car'a...
1,717
S. Dak
5,258
Tenn
18,017
Texas
7,902
Utah
Vermont...
Virginia....
Washing' n
WestVa....
Wisconsin
Wyoming .
Foreign „ . .
Total
746
9,910
8,043
5,144
13,557
27,738
676
3,481
970,624
The oldest pensioner on the rolls, June 30, 1895, was Hosea Brown, of Grant's Pass, Ore., aged
103 years.
WIDOWS OF REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS ON PENSION ROLLS JUNE 30, 1895.
Name of Widow.
Aldrich, Lovey
Cloud, Nancy
Damon, Esther S
Jones, Nancy
Mayo, Rebecca
Richardson, Patty
Snead, Mary
Weatherman, Nancy..
Age.
95
82
81
81
82
94
79
85
Name of Soldier.
Aldrich, Caleb
Cloud, William
Damon, Noah
Darling, James
Mayo, Stephen
Richardson, Godfrey.
Snead, Bowdoin
Glascock, Robert
Service of Soldier.
N. H. and R. I. troops .
Virginia troops
Massachusetts troops.
North Carolina troops .
Virginia troops,
New York troops
Virginia troops
Virginia troops
Widow's Residence.
Los Angeles, Cal.
Chum, va.
Plymouth Union, Vt.
Jonesboro, Tenn.
Newbern, Va.
East Bethel, Vt.
Parksley, Va.
Lineback, Tenn.
It will be seen that it is possible that the widow of a Revolutionary soldier may be drawing a pen-
sion in the year 1916. For a similar reason the widow of a veteran of the late Civil War naay be living
in 2002.
SURVIVORS OF THE WAR OF 1812 ON PENSION RO LLS JUNE 30, 1895.
Name.
Brown, Hosea
Coffman, Joseph
Cronk, Hiram
Curl, jarrot
Franklin, Andrew
Furgeson, Jared
Glenn, Elijah
Hooper, James
Jones, George W
Klock, Abraham
Lumberson, John
Lejeune, Laman
Markle, Frederick C
Morris.Henry
Moss, William C
Smith, Eleazor...,
Smart, Edward ,..
Sturtevant, Thomas M,,
Sexton, Isaiah B ,,,
Thomas, Jacob ,...
Yancey, William R.,,.!".
Age.
103
93
95
99
102
98
99
92
92
94
89
99
100
95
92
99
98
95
90
97
94
Service (troops).
New York
United States
New York
Tennessee
Ohio
United States
Maryland
U. S. (Navy)
United States
New York
United States
Louisiana
New York
New York
Connecticut
New Hampshire. .
Massachusetts. ..,
New York
New York ...,,.,,
United States
United States
Town.
Grant's Pass..
Milsaps
North Western
Pine Wood ,
Burlington
Decorah
Newark
Baltimore
Dubuque
Brier Hill
Baltimore
Thibodeaux
Hurley
Port Chester. .
Stonington ....
Alexandria
North Dixmont
Madison ,
Sparta
Millingtou
Daphne. . , ,
»••••••■••<
State.
Oregon.
Texas.
New York.
Tennessee.
Kansas.
Iowa.
New Jersey.
Maryland.
Iowa.
New York.
Maryland.
Louisiana.
New York.
New York.
Connecticut.
New Hampshire.
Maine.
New Jersey,
Michigan.
Michigan.
Alabama,'
»5T7^
84
Political Records of 1895.
JIalitical mccortr tsi 1895.
April 1. Michigan State election for a Justice
of the Supreme Court and two University Re-
gents was carried by the Republicans with small
opposition.
April 2. Wisconsin State election for a Justice
of the Supreme Court resulted in the election of a
Democrat.
April 3. Rhode Island election for State officers
and Legislature was carried by the Republicans
by large majorities.
May 22. Convention of ' ' Sound Money ' ' men
of the South and West at Memphis. Six hundred
delegates attended, and Secretary Carlisle made
an elaborate address which gave the tone to the
anti-free silver movement in the South.
May 28. Ohio Republican State Convention at
Zanesville nominated Gen. Asa Bushnell for Gov-
ernor and a State ticket. Ballots for Governor-
First ballot: Hoyt. 176^; Nash, 168; Voe^AG^;
Barger, 80; Nevms, 60; Bushnell, 58; Harris,
66. Sixth and last ballot: Bushnell, 509 ; Nash.
201; Hoyt, 111; Keifer, 5. Gov. McKinley was
indorsed for President.
June 5. Illinois Democratic Convention at
Springfield, called to take action on the silver
question, was partially attended and passed reso-
lutions favoring free coinage at 16 to 1, and re-
questing the Democratic National Committee to
caU a national convention on the subject.
June 7. Kentucky Republican State Conven-
tion at Louisville nominated a State ticket, with
W. O. Bradley for Governor.
June ' 12. Ohio Prohibitionist Convention at
Springfield declared in favor of free coinage, 16
to 1, and nominated a State ticket.
June 12. Southern and Western States Silver
Convention at Memphis, Tenn., was presided
over by Senator Harris, and speeches were made
by Senator Stewart, of Nevada ; Joseph C. Sib-
ley, ex-Gov. Prince, of New Mexico; Senators
Jones and Berry, of Arkansas; Senators Tillman,
George, Turpie, Butler, of North Carolina, and
others. Strong free coinage resolutions were
adopted.
June 26. Kentucky Democratic State Conven-
tion, at Louisville, adopted an anti-free silver
platform and nominated P. Wat Hardin, free
silverite, for Governor Ballot for Governor:
Hardin. 466; Cassius M. Clay, jr., 338; W. J.
Stone, 63; S. B. Buckner, 3; Henry Watterson.3,
July 10. Iowa Republican State Convention,
atDes Moines, nominated a State ticket, with
Gen. Francis M. Drake for Governor, who was
nominated on the sixth ballot, as follows: Drake,
864; Parrott, 231; Harlan, 139. Senator Alli-
son was indorsed for President.
July 31. Maryland Democratic State Conven-
tion, at Baltimore, nominated candidates for
State officers, with John E, Hurst for Governor.
Ballot: Hurst, 86; Jones, 5;Fisher,3; Hayes, 2.
July 3L Mississippi Populist State Convention,
at Jackson, nominated Frank Burkett for Gover-
nor.
Aug. 2. Ohio Populist State Convention, at
Columbus, nominated "General " Jacob S. Coxey
for Governor.
Aug. 7. Mississippi Democratic State Conven-
tion, at Jackson, nominated a State ticket, with
A. J. McLaurin for Governor by acclamation.
Aug. 7. Iowa Democratic State Convention, at
Marshalltown, nominated a State ticket on an
anti-free silver coinage platform (vote 652 to
420), with W. F. Babb for Governor.
Aug. 14. Conference of free silver Democrats,
at Washington, presided over by Senator Jones,
of Arkansas, issued an addre.ss,and appointed an
Executive Committee, which was authorized to
appoint a national committee to take charge of
free silver interests during the Presidential cam-
paign and influence the National Convention.
Senators Harris, Jones and Turpie, Gov, Stone,
of Missouri, and W. H. Hinrichsen, of Illinois,
were appointed the Executive Committee. '
Aug. 15. Maryland Republican State Conven-
tion, at Cambridge, nominated Lloyd LowTides for
Governor and other candidates.
Aug. 21. Ohio Democratic State Convention,
at Springfield, nominated a State ticket, with
James E. CampbeU. for Governor by acclamation.
Free silver resolutions were voted down 535 1-14
to 270 13-14.
Aug. 22. Nebraska Democratic State Conven-
tion, atOmaha, nominated candidates and adopted
a free silver platform.
Aug. 28. Utah Republican State Convention, at
Salt Lake City, nominated Heber M. Wells for
Governor and other candidates for State officers.
Aug. 28. Pennsylvania Republican State Con-
vention, at Harrisburg, nominated candidates for
State officers and judiciary. Senator Quay domi-
nating the proceedings.
Sept. 5. Utah Democratic State Convention, at
Ogden, nominated a State ticket and adopted reso-
lutions favoring free silver coinage and absolute
separation of church and State.
Sept. 5. Nebraska Anti-Free Silver Democratic
State Convention, at Lincoln, nominated a State
ticket,
Sept. 11. Pennsylvania Democratic State Con-
vention, at Williamsport. nominated aState ticket
and adopted strong anti-free coinage of silver reso-
lutions.
Sept. 17. New York Republican State Conven-
tion, at Saratoga, nominated a State ticket headed
by John Palmer for Secretary of State, indorsed
Governor Morton for President and adopted a
resolution favoring "the maintenance of the Sun-
day laws in the interests of labor and morality. ' '
Sept 19. New Jersey Republican State Con-
vention, at Trenton, nominated John W. Griggs
for Governor.
Sept 25. New York Democratic State Conven-
tion, at Syracuse, nominated a State ticket with
Gen. Horatio C. King for Secretary of State.
Sept 26 New Jersey Democratic State Con-
vention, at Trenton, nominated Alexander T. Mc-
Gill for Governor unanimously.
Sept. 26. Rhode Island voted on proposed
amendments to the Constitution; one providing
for biennial State elections. All were defeated.
Oct. 2. Massachusetts Democratic State Con-
vention, at Worcester, nominated a State ticket
with George Fred Williams for Governor by accla-
mation.
Oct 4. Massachusetts Republican State Con-
vention renominated Governor Greenhalge and
other candidates for State officers.
Nov. 5. State elections in Iowa, Kentucky,
Maryland, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New York,
New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Utah were
carried by the Republicans generally by large
majorities. In the State election in Mississippi
the Democrats defeated the Populists.
Dec. 10. Republican National Committee, at
Washington, called the National Convention to
meet June 16, 1896, and selected St. Louis as the
place of meeting, the five ballots for a choice
being as follows :
1
St Louis 13
San Francisco 20
Chicago 8
Pittsburgh 9
New York 1
Dec. 11. Prohibition Party National Commit-
tee, at Chicago, appointed May 27, 1896, for the
meeting of the National Convention and selected
Pittsburgh as the place of meeting by the follow-
ing vote: Pittsburgh 22, Denver 13, Baltimore 2.
Dec. 14. Democratic National Executive Com-
mittee issued a call for the National Committee to
meet at Washington, D. C , January 16, 1896, to
select a time and place of meeting of the National
Convention.
Dec. 14. A call was issued by the Chairman of
the Executive Committee of the People's Party
for the National Committee to meet at St. Louis
Jan. 17, 1896, to fix a time and place for the meet-
ing of the National Convention.
2
3
4
5
14
18
22
28
19
19
19
16
8
9
9
7
9
5
1
Party Platforms on National Issues in 1895. â– 85
33at:tg platforms on National issues in 1895»
The following is a reprint of platforms adopted by Democratic and Republican conventions in the
principal States which held elections in 1895. Purely local issues considered by them are omitted.
For dates when conventions were held, see ' ' Political Record of 1893.' '
IOWA DEMOCRATIC PLATFORM.
Democratic Prosperity.— The Democratic party of Iowa, in convention assembled, reaflBrms
the national platform of the party adopted in Chicago in 1892, and points with satisfaction to the evi-
dences of the wisdom of that convention in the results accomplished according to its promises, to the
evidences of returning prosperity, the restoration of wages and the re-establishment of industry upon
a prosperous basis— conditions which have extorted congratulations from even the Republicans of Iowa.
Congress.— "We declare the rescue of the finances of the country from the baleful effects of the
Sherman law, the repeal of the un-Amerfcan federal election law, and the uprooting of McKinleyism
to be works worthy oi the history and prestige of the great Democratic Party and of a courageous Demo-
cratic convention.
The Currency.— We hold to the use of both gold and silver as the standard money of the country,
and to the coinage of both gold and silver without discrijxiination against either metal or charge for
mintage, but the dollar unit of coinage of both metals must be of equal intrinsic and exchangeable
value or De adjusted by international agreement or by such safeguards of legislation as shall insure the
maintenance of the parity of the two metals and the equal power of every dollar at all times in the
market and in 'payment of debts; and we demand that all paper currency shall be kept at par with
and redeemable in such coin ; we insist upon this policy as especially necessary for the protection of
the farmers and laboring classes, the first and most defenseless victims of unstable money and a fluc^
tuating currency.
Prohibition.— We repeat our demand of the last five years for a local-option high- license law, and
on behalf of the commercial interests of our State we favor a law permitting the manufacture of
liquors, thus affording a market for the products of the farm and labor of the State, and saving to our
people the enormous sums now expended in other States.
United States Senators.— We favor the election of United States Senators by direct vote of the
people.
Pensions.— We favor just and liberal pensions to all deserving veterans.
Trusts and Monopolies,- We reiterate our unflinching opposition to all monopolies and trusts,
and call for enactments which will abolish combines of all kinds.
IOWA REPUBLICAN PLATFORM.
Republican Prosperity,- We congratulate the people of this country upon the fact of returning
prosperity, and rejoice in each instance of labor re-employed, wages restored and industries re-estab-
lished upon a prosperous basis. In regard to our industries under Republican policies, their paralysis
under Democratic power, and their revival with the repudiation of the Democratic party and the dis-
solution of the Democratic House of Representatives, succeeded by one elected on the platform of the
Republican party, the vindication of the policy of protection is complete.
Democratic Inconsistency.— The Democratic party is convicted of obtaining power in 1892
under false pretenses. In its platform it declared the principles of protection to be unconstitutional
and its campaign denounced the policy as robbery. But with complete power in its hands, its law-
makers failed to carry out the policy to which they were pledged. It is a farcical pretense for the
Democratic party to claim credit now for a measure from which nine months ago its President withheld
his approval and denounced as a humiliating abandonment of their cardinal principles. The Senate
bill, substituted for the Wilson bill, is not a measure which the Republican party would father;
it reduces the revenue unon luxuries, a method of levying more effective than any income tax; it
restores taxation to sugar, a necessity in every home; it reduces the wage rate in many industries in
which labor is the chief element of Icost; it maintains in many of its parts the principle which the
Democratic party declared to be unconstitutional. To claim credit under it is to claim credit for
abandoning its own policy and adopting the principle which it had denounced.
Reciprocity.— We deplore the fact that the Democratic party, while professing a special interest
in the enlargement of ourj export trade, has [destroyed the reciprocitj'^ arrangements established by
Republican administration. Its solicitude for foreign trade has been exhibited only in the admisson of
foreign goods to our market without obtaining any reciprocal favors from foreign nations. We believe
in the policy of reciprocity as the policy of practical aflairs, and the admission of foreign traders to the
rich markets of the United States should obtain lor our people equal privileges in foreign markets.
Xabor.-We believe that the compensation of our labor is the true gauge of civilization, and the
welfare of the laborer has been the constant care of the Republican party from its birth. We are
unalterably opposed to reducing the American workman to open competition in our own market with
thepoorly paid worker of the old world. We denounce the doctrine that duties on imports should be
levied with a view to revenue only, and reaffirm the doctrine which has wrought in America the most
marvellous industrial development ever known in the civilized world— namely, a doctrine of protection
to home industries.
The Currency.— We believe in maintaining not only the biggest wage rate for the laborer, but
the Integrity of the money in which he is paid. We reaffirm the declaration of the Republican na-
tional platform of 1892, adopted at Minneapolis, that the American people from tradition andinterest
86 Party Platforms on National Issues in 1895.
farorbimetallism, and the party demands the use of both gold and silver as standard money, with
such restrictions and under such provisions, to be determined by legislation, as will secure the main-
tenance of the parity of value of the two metals, so that the purchasing and debt- paying power of the
dollar,whetherofsilver, gold or paper, shall be at all times equal. The interest of the producers of