at Maximum Density.
Avoirdupois Weight.
1,000,000
100.000
10,000
1,000
100
10
1
1-10
1-100
1-1000
1 cubic metre
2204, 6 pounds,
220. 46 pounds.
22.046 pounds.
2. 2046 pounds.
8 .'i274 nnnpe.s
1 hectolitre
10 litres
1 litre
FTpf*t APTftTIl ..... ...
1 decilitre -
"nplciiprnm
10 cubic centimetres
3627 ounce
rirnm
1 cubic centimetre
15.482 grains.
1. 5432 grains.
154t^ errain
Decigram
r^pnti*yram
1-10 ui a cubic centimetre ^-
10 cubic millimetres
Milligram
1 cubic millimetre
0.0154 grain.
TABLES FOR THE CONVERSION OF METRIC WEIGHTS AND MEASURES INTO
CUSTOMARY UNITED STATES EQUIVALENTS AND THE REVERSE,
From the legal equivalents are deduced the following tables for converting United States weights
and measures:
METRIC TO CUSTOMARY^
CUSTOMARY TO lilETRIC,
Linear Measure.
Me-
tres=Ins.
1= 39.37
2= 78.74
3=118.11
4=157.48
5=196. 85
6=236. 22
7=275. 59
8=314.96
9.^354.33
Metres=Feet.
1= 3.28083
2= 6.56167
3= 9.84250
4=13.12333
5=16. 40417
6=19. 68500
7=22. 96583
8=26. 24667
9=29. 52750
Me-
tres= Yards.
1=1. 093611
2=2. 187222
3=3. 28083;i
4=4. 374444
5=5. 468056
6=6.561667
7=7. 655278
8=8. 748889
9=9.842500
Kilome-
tres— 3files.
1=0.62137
2=1. 24274
3=1.86411
4=2. 48548
5=3. 10685
6=3. 72822
7=4.34959
8=4.97096
9=5. 59233
Ins. =Ven-
timetrea
1= 2.54
2= 5.08
3= 7.62
4=10. 16
5=12.70
6=15. 24
7=17.78
8=20. 32
9=22. 86
Feet= Metres.
1=0.304801
2=0. 609601
3=0. 914402
4=1. 2192U2
6=1.524003
6=1. 828804
7=2. 133604
8=2. 438405
9=2. 743205
Yards = Me-
tres.
1=0.914402
2=1. 828804
3=2. 743205
4=3. 657607
5=4. 572009
6=5. 486411
7=6. 400813
8=7. 315215
9=8. 229616
Miles=Kilo-
metres.
1. 60935
3.21869
4. 82804
6. 43739
8. 04674
9.66608
7=11.26543
8=12.87478
9=14.48412
Square Measure.
Cot*;
1^0. 155
2=0. 3 lO
3=0. 465
4=0. 620
5=0. 775
6=0. 930
7=1. 085
8=1. 240
9=1. 395
1=10. 764
2=21. 528
3=32. 292
4=43. 055
5=53. 819
6=64. 583
7=75. 347
8=86. Ill
9=96. 874
Sii
^-8
Co
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
7=
8=
1.196
2.392
3.588
4,784
5.980
7.176
8.372
9.568
Cubic Measure.
Square Measure.
is-"
c?"
II
9=10. 764
1= 35.314
2= 70.629
3=105. 943
4=141. 258
5=176.572
6=211. 887
7=247. 201
8=282, 516
9=317. 830
1=0. 02832
2=0. 05663
3=0. 08495
4=0.11327
5=0.14158
6=0. 16990
7=0. 19822
8=0. 22654
9=0. 25485
1= 6.452
2=12. 903
3=19. 355
4=25.807
5=32. 258
6=38. 710
7=45. 161
8=51. 613
9=58. 066
1-
2-
3=
4-
5^
6=
7=
8=
9=
-0. 09290
.0. 18581
=0.2:871
=0. 37161
=0. 46462
=0. 55742
=0. 65032
=0. 74:323
=0. 83613
CQ>^
1=0. 836
2=1.672
3=2. 508
4=3. 344
5=4. 181
6=5.017
7=5.853
8=6. 689
9=7. 525
Liquid Measure.
s
^c^
1=0. 338
2=0. 676
3=1. 014
4=L 352
.5=1. 691
6=2. 029
7=^2. 368
8=2. 706
9=3. 043
Q?
1=1.
2_2.
3=3.
4_4.
6=,5.
6»C.
7-7.
8.8.
0567
1134
1700
2267
2834
3401
3968 I
4634
6101 I
-0. 26417
.0. 52834
.0. 79251
;i. 05668
=1. 32085
.1. 58502
.1.84919
,2. II006
,2.87763
Dry Measure.
•5
1= 2.8375
2= 5.6760
3= 8.5126
4_11. 3500
6-.14. 1875
6-.17. 0250
7— 9. 8626
8-22.7000
9«.26. 5375
»q
Liquid Measure.
1=0.36242 I
Vi=0. 70486
3=1.06727
4=1. 40969
6„1. 76211
6»2. 11454
7=2. 46696
8=2. 81938
9«.3. 17181
Sg=S
"^6 I
1= 2.957
2= 5.916
3_ 8.872
4_11.830
6_14. 787
6„17. 744
7-20. 702
8-23. 669
9-26.616
1=0.94636
2„1. 89272
3-2. 8;:{908
4-3. 78544
5-4. 73180
6-5. 67816
7-6.62462
8-7.67088
SU8. 61724
5— *>
§
1= 3.78544
2= 7.67088
3-11. 36632
4»16. 14176
6-18.92720
6-22. 71264
7-26. 49806
8=30. 28362
9»S4.OeS90
I
Minimum Weights of Produce.
99
METRIC SYSTEM— Ow^iJmerf.
Weight (Avoiedupois).
1_0. 1543
2=0. 3086
3=0. 4630
4=0.6173
5=0. 7716
6=0. 9259
7=1. 0803
8=1.2346
9=1.3889
{?
ui as
g=8
^a
= s'
1= 35. 274 1
2= 70.548
3=105.822
4=141.096
5=176.370
6=211.644
7=246. 918
8=282. 192
9=317. 466
1= 2.20462
2= 4.40924
3= 6.61386
4= 8.81849
5=11.02311
6=13. 22773
7=15. 43235
8=17. 63697
9=19.84169
1=0. 9842
2=1.9684
3=2.9526
4=3.9368
5=4.9210
6=5. 9052
7=6.8894
8=7,8736
9=8. 8578
•AS
»0
g
^ - I?
05 ^S-
^^
•e— -s
' 2
o s
g S *• 2*
1= 6.
2=12.
3=19.
4=25.
5=32.
6=38.
7=45.
8=51.
9=58.
4799
9598
4397
9196
3995
8793
3592
8391
3190
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
7=
8-
9=
= 28. 3495 I
= 56.6991
= 85.0486
=113. 3981
=141. 7476
=170. 0972
=198. 4467
=226. 7962
=255. 1457
1=0. 45359
2=0. 90719
3=1.36078
4=1.81437
5=2. 26796
6=2. 72156
7=3.17515
8=3. 62874
9=4. 08233
1=1.
2=2.
3=3.
4=4.
5=5.
6 .=6.
;=7.
8=8.
9=9.
0161
0321
0482
0642
0803
0963
1124
1284
1445
THE METRIC SYSTEM SIMPLIFIED.
The following tables of the metric system of weights and measures have been simplified as much
as possible for The World Almanac by Mr. John Wilkes, of Nashville, Tenn. , by omitting such
denominations as are not in practical, evervdav use In the countries where the svstem is used
exclusively.
TABLES OF THE SYSTEM.
Ijength.— The denominations in practical use are millimetres (mm. ), centimetres (cm. ). metres
(m.;, and kilometres (km. ).
10 mm. = 1 cm. ; 100 cm. = 1 m. ; 1, 000 m. = 1 km. Note. —A decimetre is 10 cm.
Weiffht.— The denominations in use are grams (g. ), kilos* (kg. ), and tons (metric tons).
1, OOOg. = 1 kg. ; 1, 000 kg. = 1 metric ton.
Capacity.— The denominations in use are cubic centimetres (c. c. )'and litres (1).
1, 000 c. c. = 1 1. Note. —A hectolitre is 100 1. (seldom used).
Belation of capacity and weight to length : A cubic decimetre is a litre, and a litre of water weighs
a kilo.
APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENTS.
A metre is about a yard ; a kilo is about 2 pounds; a litre is about a quart; a centimetre is about
}^ inch ; a metric ton is about same as a ton ; a kilometre is about ]>i mile ; a cubic centimetre is about a
thimbleful ; a nickel weighs about 5 grams.
PRECISE EQUI\''ALENTS,
1 acre = .40
1 bushel = 35
1 centimetre = .39
1 cubic centimetre = .061
1 cubic foot = .038
1 cubic inch = 16
1 cubic metre =» 35
1 cubic metre = 1 .3
1 cubic yard = .76
Ifoot = 30
1 gallon = 3.8
1 grain = .065
Igram = 15
1 nectar ^ 2.5
1 inch „ = 25
IkUo = 2.2
1 kilometre = .62
1 litre = .91
llitre = 1.1
1 metre = 3.3
hectar 4047|1
litres 35.24 11
inch 3937 1
cubic inch... .0610 1
cubic metre. . 0283 1
cubic cent. 1 16.39 |1
cubic feet 35.31 1
cubic yards... 1.308 1
cubic metre... 7645 1
centimetres 30. 48
litres 3.785
gram 0648
grains „15. 43
acres 2.471
millimetres. 25. 40
pounds 2.205 11
mile 6214ll
quart (dry)... .9081
quarts (liq'd) 1.057
feet a 281
mile •
millimetre, =
ounce (av'd)... =
ounce (Troy)...=
peck =
pint
pound =
quart (.dry) =
quart (liquid).. =
sq. centimetre. â– â–
sq. foot =
sq. inch '
sq. metre
sq. metre =
sq. yard •
ton (2. 000 lbs. )^
ton (2, 240 lbs. )^
ton (metric) â– â–
toii (metric)
yard ........:
: 1.6
.039
= 28
31
â– â– 8.8
.4T
.45
1.1
.95
.15
.093
= 6.5
1.2
II
= .84
.91
= 1
= 1.1
.98
.91
kilometres 1.609
inch 0394
grams 28. 35
grams 31.10
litres 8.809
litre.
kilo
litres
litre
sq. inch.
sq. metre 0929
sq. c'tlmetr's. 6.452
sq. yards 1.196
sqfeet 10.76
sq. metre 8361
metric ton 9072
metric ton. 1.017
ton (2, 000 lbs.) 1.102
ton (2, 240 lbs.) .9842
metre 9144
.4732
.4536
1.101
.9464
.1550
* ContracUon for kilogram, t Centimetres.
S^tnimum Witii^tn ni J3rotruce*
The following are minimum
United States :
Per Bushel.
Wheat 60 lbs.
Corn, in the ear 70
Corn, sheUed 56
Rye „ 56
Buckwheat 48
Barley 48
Oats 82
Peas 60
White Beans 60
Castor Beans 46
weights of certain articles of produce according to the laws of the
Per Bushel.
"UTiite Potatoes ....60 lbs.
Sweet Potatoes 55 "
Onions 57 "
Turnips 55 "
Dried Peaches 33 "
Dried Apples 26 "
Clover Seed 60 ' '
Flax Seed 56 "
Millet Seed 60 •*
Hungarian Grass Seed 50 "
Per BusheL
Timothy Seed 45 lbs.
Blue Grass Seed 44
Hemp Seed 44
Salt, fine 167
Salt, coarse 151
Com Meal 48
Ground Peas- 24
Malt 88
Bran... 20
100
Compound Interest Table.
^t^UMXtn antr WLtii^iu ot (^xtat iirttain.
The measures of length and the weights are nearly, practically, the same as those in use in the
United States. The EngTish ton is 2,'.i40 lbs. avoirdupois, the same as the long ton, or shipping ton
of the United States. The English hundredweight is 112 lbs. avoirdupois, the same as the long
hundredweight of the United States. The metre has been legalized at 39. 37079 inches, but the length
Oi 39. 370432 inches, as adopted b}- France, Germany, Belgium, and Russia, is frequently used.
The Imperial gallon, the basis of the system of capacity, involves an error Of about 1 part in 1,836:
10 lbs. of water = 277. 123 cubic inches.
Measures oe Capacity.
Names.
Pounds of
"Water.
4 gills
2 pints
2 quarts
2 pottles
2 gallons
4 pecks
4 bushels
2 coombs
.1
pmt
quart
pottle
gallon
peck
busiiel
coomb 320
quarter 640
1.35
2.5
5
10
20
80
Cubic Inches.
34.66
69.32
138.64
277. 27
554.55
2218. 19
8872. 77
17745.54
Litres.
0.56793
1. 13586
2.27173
4.54346
9.08692
36. 34766
145.39062
290. 7813
United State Equivalents.
1. 20032 liquid pints.
1.20032 " quarts.
2. 40064 " "
1. 20032 ' ' gallons.
1. 03152 drv pecks.
1.03152 " bushels.
4.12606 "
8.2521 "
domestic Witi^\)tn anti pica.surcs.
3 scruples = 1 dram; 8 drams =1 ounce; 12
1 ounce; 16 ounces = 1
Apothecaries' Weight: 20 grains = 1 scruple;
ounces = 1 pound.
Avoirdupois Weight (short ton): 27 11-32 grains = 1 dram ; 16 drams
pound; 25 pounds = 1 guarter; 4 quarters =1 cwt. ; 20 cwt. =1 ton.
Avoirtfupois Weight (long ton): 2711-32 grains = 1 dram; 16 drams =1 ounce; 16 ounces = 1
pound ; 112 pounds = 1 cwt. ; 20 cwt. = 1 ton.
Troy Weight: 24 grains = lpennyweig lit; 20 pennyweights = 1 ounce; 12 ounces = 1 pound.
Circular Jleasure: 60 seconds = 1 minute; 60 minutes = 1 degree; 30 degrees = 1 sign; 12 signs
= 1 circle.
Cubic Pleasure : 1, 728 cubic inches = 1 cubic foot; 27 cubic feet = 1 cubic yard.
Dry lUeasiire : 2 pints= 1 quart; 8 quarts = 1 peck; 4 pecks= 1 busheL
Liquid Meassure : 4 gills = 1 pint ; 2 pints = 1 quart ; 4 quarts = 1 gallon ; 31>^ gallons =. 1 barrel ;
2 barrels = 1 hogshead.
Liong Measure: 12 inches = 1 foot; 3 feet =1 yard; 5J^ yards =â– 1 rod or pole ; 40 rods = 1 fur-
long- 8 furlongs = 1 statute mile ; 3 miles = 1 league.
Mariner's Measure: 6 feet=l fathonj; 1_0 fathoms = l cable length; 114 cable lengths = 1
mile; 5,280 feet= 1 statute mile; 6,085 feet= 1 nautical mile.
Square Measure : 144 square inches = 1 square foot ; 9 square feet = 1 square yard ; 30J^ square
yards = 1 .square rod or perch; 40 square rods = l rood; 4 roods = 1 acre; 640 acres = 1 square mile ;
36 square miles (6 miles square) = 1 township.
Time Pleasure: 60 seconds=l minute; 60 minutes = l hour; 24 hours^l day; 7 days = l
week ; 365 days = 1 year; 366 days 1 leap year.
FOBEIGN MONEYS.
English 3Ioney : 4 farthings = penny (d) ; 12 pence = 1 shilling (.s) ; 20 shillings ~ 1 pound (£).
French Money: 10 centimes = Idecime; 10 decime = 1 franc.
German Money: 100 pfennig =1 mark.
Russian l>Ioney: 100 copecks = 1 rouble.
Austro-Hungarian Money: 100 kreutzer==.l florin.
For United States equivalents, see tables of ' ' Value of Foreign Coins in U. S. Money. ' '
Note. —France, Belgium, Greece, Italy, and Switzerland constitute what is kncfvvn as the ' 'Latin' '
Union, and their coins are alike in weight and fineness, occasionally differing, however, in name.
Thesame system has been in part adopted by Spain, Servia, Bulgaria, Russia^ and Roumania, but they
have not joined the Union. Francs and centimes of France, Belgium and Switzerland are respectively
designated lire and centissimi in Italy; drachmai and lepta in Greece; dinars and paras in Servia;
peseta and centimes in Spain ; leys and banis in Roumania; leya and stotinkis In Bulgaria. Similarly
the Scandinavian countries, Norway and Sweden andDenmark, emploj' coins of thesame weight and
fineness, their names being also alike. Most of the South American States possess a standard coin,
equal in weight and fineness to the silver 5-f ranc piece generally termed a ' ' peso. ' ' — Whitdker.
^ompottntr ^xiUxtnt ^Tatilt.
COMPOUND INTEREST ON
ONE DOL
LAR FOR 100 YEARS.
Amount
Years.
Per
cent.
Acciunula-
tlon.
Amount
Years.
Per
cent.
Accumula-
tion.
Amount
Years.
Per
cent.
Accumulation.
SI
100
100
100
100
100
100
1
2
4
$2.75
7.25
11.75
19.25
31.25
50.50
$1
100
100
100
100
100
100
6
7
8
9
S81.25
131.50
340. 00
868 00
2,203.00
5,543.00
$1
1
1
1
1
100
100
100
100
100
11
12
15
18
24
$13,809.00
84,675.00
1,174,405.00
15,145,007.00
2,551,799,404.00
Kntere.st ILatos antf Statutes of Himitationu. loi
States and
Tekbitouies.
Interest Laws.
Legal
Rate.
Rate Allowed
by Contract.
Alabama
Arkansas
Arizona
Calilornia
Colorado
Connecticut ...
Delaware
D. of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky (a).-
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts.
Michigan ....
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Statutes
OF
LlSUTATIO
NS.
Judg-
ments,
Years.
Notes,
Years.
°aT
counts,
Years.
3
20
6*
10
5
3
5
5
3
5
4t
2
20
6
6
t
(e)
6
(c)
6
3
12
3
3
20
5
2
nt
6
4
6
5
4
20
10
,5
10**
10
6
20
10
5
5
5
3
15
15
5(a)
10
5
8
20
611
6
12
3ir
3**
20
611
6
Vg>
6
6
6
6
7
6
3
20
10
5
10
8
5
States and
Terkitoeiks.
Inteebst Laws.
Legal
Rate.
Statutes of
LiMrrATioNS.
Per ct,
Nebraska 6
Nevada 7
N. Hampshire 6
New Jersey ... 6
New Mexico.. 6
New York 6
North Carolina 6
North Dakota. 6
Ohio 6
Oklahoma 7
Orecron 8
Pennsj'lvania . 6
Rhode Island. 6
South Carolina 7
South Dakota. 7
Tennessee i 6
Texas 8
Utah 8
Vermont 1 6
Virginia 1 6
Washington
West Virginia.
Wisconsin
Wyoming
7
6
7
8
RateAUowed S,fe°'««.
Voo-u Years.
by Contract.
Per ct.
10
Any rate.
6
6
12
6tt
6
12
8
Anj' rate.
10
6
Any rate.
8
12
6
10
Any rate.
6
6
12
6
10
12
Years.
5
6
20
20
7
20
10
10(/)
5tt
1
10
5
20
10
10
10
10
5
8
10
6
10
20
21
5
6
6
6
6
6
3*
6
15
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
4
4
6sS'
5
6
10
6
5
Open
counts,
Years.
4
4
6
6
4
6
3
6
6
3
6
6
6
6
6
6 •
2
2
6
2
3
5
6
8
* Under seal, lO vears. t If made in State : if outside, 2 years, t No law and no decision regarding
1ud°-ments. §Not' to exceed 10 per cent. || Under seal, 20 years. IT Under seal, 12 years. ** Real
estate 20 years ttNew York has by a recent law legalized any rateof interest on call loans of $5,000
or upward on collateral security, tt Becomes dormant, but may be revived. §§ Under seal, 14 years.
(a) Building and Loan Associations may charge 12 per cent interest and premium together. Actions
on merchants' accounts must be commenced in two years, (c) Ten years in New Castle County,
twenty years in Kent and Sussex counties, Del. (e) Negotiable notes 6 years, non- negotiable 17
years (/) Ten years in new law, 20 years in old law. (£?) Not under seal.
YEARS IN WHICH A GIVEN AMOUNT WILL DOUBLE AT SEVERAL RATES OF INTEREST.
A t Simple
Interest.
At Compound Interest.
Ratk.
~6~"
GH
7
9]4
10
12
At Simple
Interest.
At CtiMPouND Interest.
4
Rate.
Compounded
Yearly.
Compounded
Semi- Annu-
ally.
Compounded
Quarterly.
Compounded
Yearly.
Compounded
Semi-Annu-
ally.
Compounded
Quarterly.
1
2
r
h
514
100 years.
66.66
50.00
40.00
33.33
28.57
25.00
22.22
20.00
18.18
69. 666
46. 556
35.004
28.071
23. 450
20. 150
17.673
15. 748
14.207
12. 946
69. 487
46. 382
34.830
27. 899
23. 278
19. 977
17.502
15. 576
14.036
12. 775
69.400
46. 298
34. 743
27. 812
23. 191
19. 890
17.415
15. 490
13. 946
12. 686
16.67
15.38
14. 29
13.33
12.50
1L76
n.ii
10.52
10.00
8.34
11. 896
11.007
10. 245
9.585
9.006
8.497
8.043
7.638
7.273
6.110
11. 725
10. 936
10.075
9.914
8.837
8.346
7.874
7.468
7.121
11. 639
10. 750
9.989
9.328
8.751
8.241
7.788
7.383
7.026
SIMPLE INTEREST TABLE.
(Showingat Different Rates the Interest on $1 trom 1 Month to 1 year, and on $100 from 1 Day to 1 Year. )
4 Pkk Cent.
Tims.
One Dollar 1 month
»» 2 ''
" 3 "•
•' 6 "
12 "
One Hundred Dollars 1 day . . .
" " 2 . .
" " 3 "• '.'.
It It 4 " . .
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" " 6 " .
" "1 month
t ( t k 2 ^^
.« »i 3 It
k t 1 1 6 ^^
tt " 12 "
5 Per Cext.
o
S
a
1
2
!S
2!
3i
41
5
6
33
661
o
2
1
2
5
1
2
4
5
6
8
41
83
25
2: 50
5
6 Per Cent.
OS
i
^
1
1
3
6
1
3
5
6
8
10
50
60
7 Per Cent.
.2
a
O
1
I
3
7
1
3
5
7j
9
11
58
16
75
3 50
7' ..I
8 Pee Cent.
1
2
4
8
ct
1
2
4
8
2
4
6
8
11
13
66
38
a
6
3
2
4
7
9
1
3
7
3
102
Table of Memorable Dates.
^Taibk of ii^tmoraiJle liatts*
B.C.
1183
1082
878
776
753
588
536
509
480
55
4
A.D.
29
70
313
410
827
1066
1096
1172
1215
1265
1415
1431
1453
1455
1462
1471
1486
1492
1517
1519
1535
1539
1558
1565
1572
1588
1600
1603
1605
1607
1609
1616
1618
1620
1623
lt>34
1636
1640
1649
1653
1660
1664
1664
1666
1679
1682
1685
1688
1690
1690
1704
1713
1714
1715
1720
1745
1745
1756
1757
1759
1765
1773
Fall of Troy.
Era of the Great Pyramid.
Carthage founded.
Olympic Era began.
Foundation of Rome.
Jerusalem was taken by Nebuchadnezzar.
Restoration of the Jews imder Cyrus.
Expulsion of the Tarquins from Rome.
Xerxes defeated Greeks at Thermopylae.
Caesar conquered Britain.
Birth of Jesus Christ.
The Cnicifixion.
Jerusalem was destroyed by Titus.
Constantine converted to Christianity.
The Romans abandoned Britain.
Egbert, first king of all England.
Battle of Hastings. Norman Conquest.
The Crusades began.
Ireland Avas conquered by Henry II.
Kuig John granted the Magna Charta.
First Representative Parliament in Eng.
Battle of Agincourt.
Joan of Arc was burnt.
Constantinople was taken by the Turks.
The Wars of the Roses began.
The Bible was first printed at Mentz.
Caxt<?n set up his printing press.
The feuds of York and Lancaster ended.
Columbus discovered America.
The Reformation began in GeiTnany.
Cortez began the conquest of Mexico.
The first English Bible printed.
Monasteries were closed in England.
Accession of Queen Elizabeth.
Revolt of the Netherlands began.
Thg St. Bartholomew Massacre.
Tne Spanish Armada was defeated.
East India Company first chartered.
Union of England and Scotland.
The Gun]X)wder Plot in England.
Jamestown, Va. , was settled.
Hudson River tii-st explored.
Shakespeare died.
Thirty Years' War in Germany began.
Pilgrims by the Mayfiower landed.
lilanhattan Island settled.
Maryland settled by Roman Catholics.
Rhode Island settled by Roger Williams.
Cromwell' s Long Parliament assembled.
Charles I. was beheaded, January 30.
Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector.
Restoration of the Stuarts.
New York was conquered from the Dutch.
The great jjlague of London.
The great lire of London.
Habeas Corpus Act was passed in England.
Pennsylvania settled by William Penn.
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes.
James II. abdicated.
Battle of the Bojme.
First newspaper in America ; at Boston.
Gibraltar Avas taken by the English.
Peace of Utrecht.
Accession of the House of Hanover.
First Jacobite Rebellion in Great Britain.
South Sea Bubble.
Battle of Fontenoy,
Second Jacobite Rebellion in Gt. Britain.
The Black Hole SuRocation in Calcutta.
Clive won the Battle of Plassey in India.
Canada was taken from the French.
Stamp Act enacted.
Steam engine perfected by Watt
A.D.
1773 Tea destroyed in Boston Harbor.
1775 Battle of Lexington, April 19.
1775 Battle of Bunker Hill, June 17.
1776 Declaration of Independence, July 4.
1777 Burgoyne' s surrender, Oct. 17.
1779 Captain Cook was killed.
l781 Cornwallis' surrenderatYorkt'n, Oct. 19.
I 1788 First settlement in Australia.
1789 The French Revolution began.
1789 Washington fir.st inaugurated President.
1793 Ootton-gin invented by Whitney.
1793 Ix)uis XVI. of France was executed.
1796 Vaccination was discovered by Jenner.
1798 The Irish Rebellion.
1799 Battle of Seringapatara ; death of Tippoo.
1799 Bonaparte declared First Consul.
1801 Union of Great Britain and Ireland.
1803 Louisiana purchased from the Fi'ench.
1804 Bonaparte became Emperor of the French
1805 Battle of Trafalgar and death of Nelson.
1807 Fulton' s first steamboat voyage.
1812 Second war with Great Britain began.
1812 The French expedition to Moscov/.
1813 Perry' s victory on Lake Erie.
1814 The printing machine invented.
1814 Scott' s ' ' Waverley ' ' published.
1815 Battle of New Orleans, Jan. 8.
1815 Battle of Waterioo, June 18.
1819 First steamship crossed the Atlantic.
1820 Missouri Compromise adopted.
1823 Monroe Doctruie declared, Dec. 2.
1828 First passenger railroad in the U. S.
1830 Revolution in France, Orleani|teucces' n.
1832 South Carolina Nullification O^Bnance.
1835 Morse invented the telegraph.
1835 Seminole War in Florida began.
1837 Accession of Queen Victoria, June 20.
1845 Texas annexed.
1846 Sewing machine completed by Elias Howe
1846 The Irish Potato Famine.
1846 British Corn laws repealed.
1846 War with Mexico began
1848 French Revolution. Republic succeeded.
1848 Grold discovered in California.
1851 Gold discovered in Australia.
1851 Louis Napoleon became Emperor.
1851 First Intematicnal Exhibition, London.
1853 Ciimean War began.
1857 The Great Mutiny in India.
1857 The Dred Scott decision.
1859 John Brown' s raid into Virginia.
1860 South Carolina seceded, Dec. 20.
1861 Battle of Bull Run, July 21.
1861 Emancipation of the Russian serfs,
1863 Lincoln' s Emancipa' n Proclam' n Jan. I .
1863 Battle of Gettysburg.
1 865 Lee surrendered at Appomattox, April 9.
1865 President Lincoln assassinated, April 14.
1866 Battle of Sadowa. Prussia beat Austria,
1867 Emperor Maximilian of Mexico executed.
1867 The Dominion of Canada established.
1870 Franco- German War began,
1870 Capitulation of the French at Sedan.
1870 Rome became the capital of Italy.
1871 The German Empire was re-established.
1871 The Irish Church was disestablished.
1871 The great fire in Chicago.
1872 The great fire in Boston.
1876 Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia.
1881 President Garfield shot.
1882 British occupation of Egj'pt.
1889 Brazil became a Republic.
1893 World' s Columbian Exposit' n at Chicago.
1894 Chinese- Japanese war began.
J
OonstitKtion of the United States. 103
eonstittttton of tf)c 2Iuitetr cStatea,
Preambit. We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish
justice. Insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the gen-
eral welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do
ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
ARTICLE I.
Legislative SECTION' I. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the
powei-s. United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.
House of Repre- SECTION II. 1. The Houseof Representatives Shall be composed of members chosen i
sentatives. every second year by the people of the several States, and the electors in each State shall '