391
392
393
394
395
396
u
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
I
ft
<
425 456
426, 457
427 458
428 459
429
430
431
432
03
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
4941
495:
496]
497
498'
tf)
469 499
470
471
472
473
474
475
445 476
446, 477
4471 478
4481 479
449' 480
450
451
452
453
454
455
481
482
483
484
485
5co:
501
502!
503i
604|
505
5C6
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
55
558
559
560
^^^, 561
532 562
533
534
535
536
537
563
564
565
566
567
5381 568
539 569
540 570
541 571
542 572
543
544
545
546
573
574
575
576
577
578 6^9
579 610
580
581
582
583
611
612
613
614
o
O
639
640
641
64:
643
644
645
o
584! 615
585 6161 646
586 617 647
587 618 648
588 619 649
589 620! 650
5901 6211 651
591| 622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
63!
603
634
635
636
637
638
592
593
594
595
596
597
698
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
652
653
654
655
656
65'i
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698' 728
699| 729
I 730
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
For leap year, one day must be added to each
The above table applies to ordinary years onlv.
number of days after February 28.
^.^F^^^^^^-'Ti^'^.B-^^ ^J^^ nunaberof days between June 3, 1893, and Febi-uary 16, 1894- The &"â– -
ures opposite the third day m the first June column are 154; those opposite the sixteeiithdavln the
second February column are 412 Subtract the first from the second product-*, e. 154 f ronx412 and
the result is 258. the number of days between the two dates. iium.*x^, ana
^inxt BifCBVtntt.
BETWEEN THE CITY OF NEW YORK AND THE PRINCIPAL FOREIGN CITIES.
ir. M.
Antwerp 5 13.5
Berlin 5 49.5
Bremen 5 31.0
Brussels 5 13.4
Buenos Ayres 1 2 4
Calcutta 11 49.2
Constantinople... f> 51 9
-XATER TH.A.X XETT YORK-
H. 51. I
Dublin 4 30.5
Edinburgh 4 43. 2
Geneva 5 20.5
Hamburg 5 35.8
Liverpool 4 43.6
London 4 55.9
Madrid 4 41.1
It. M.
Paris 5 5.2
Rio de Janeiro... 2 3.2
Rome 5 45.8
St. Petersburg... 6 57.1
Valparaiso 9.3
Vienna 6 12
Halifax 41.5
earijIer thax new
YORK.
Havana 33.5
Hong Kong 11 27.4
Melbourne 9 24 2
Mexico, City of.. 1 40.5
Panama 22.2
Yokohama 9 45 5
iJtU Cime on .Sljtpiboartr,
Time, a. m,
1 Bell 12.30
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Bells.
1.00
1.30
2.00
2.30
aoo
3.30
Time, .
Bell
Bells...
4.0018
jr. 1
4.30
5.00
5.30
6.00
6.30
7.00
7.30
8.00
Time, a. m.
1 Bell 8.30
Bells.
9.00
9.30
" 10.00
" 10.30
" 11.00
" 11.30
Noon
Time,
Bell-
Bells.
p. M. I Time, p. yt.
... 12.301 Bell 4.30
1.00
1.30:
2.00 4
2.301
3.00 2
3.30 3
4.004
2 Bells.
Bell...
Bells..
On shipboard, for purpose of discipline and to divide the watch fairly, the cr
5.00
5.30
6.0U
6.30
7.00
7.30
S.OO
'J'inio, p. M.
Bell 8.30
Bells.... 9.00
" 9.30
" 10.00
" 10.30
" ILOO
" 11.30
" Midnight
^.m. tu^A.jvi. ,- morning vvatcn, 4 a. ir. to 8 a. ix. ; Forenoon Watch, 8
flfTfn'?>n rm^^rw\^I^l^^ euables the crew to keep them alternately, as the Watch which comes on duty
PiX hnnr« tif2i^^^f*^^rp^^-^*^?^92'^^^^'^ audthemeu who have only four hours' rest one nighthave
SXh^^Lli^A^^^' ^5^1^^ *^®- ^'^^^^^^ ^^^-r liavuig Dog Watches, which are made by dividing the
«^^.^ti^ir?^^ ^ ?• ^' ^°^ *^^- ^- ^^^ ^"^'"^ Watches. Time Ls kept by means of ' ' Bells, ' ' although
sometimes there is but one Bell on the ship. — Wnitaker. ^ -^ " "* '=*"'' »*'-"'^»su
36
Ast7'07io9nical Phenomena for the Tear 1896.
^stronomttal J^'^tntsmtn^ for tf)e ¥ear 1896.
ASTRONOMICAL SIGNS AND SYMBOLS.
o
9
e
The Sun.
The Moon.
]Merciiry.
Venus.
The Earth.
Conjunction.
Quadrature.
Opptosition,
Ascending Node.
Descending Node.
or
Two heavenly bodies are in
are on the same meridian, i. e. .
^ Mars.
1^ Jupiter.
Vl Saturn.
}^ Uranus,
yj Neptune.
' conjunction " ( (5 ) when they have the same JRight Ascension,
when one is due north or south of the other ; if the bodies are
near each other as seen from the earth, they will rise and set at the same time ; they are in
' ' opposition " ( § ) when in opposite quarters of the heavens, or when one rises just as the
other is setting. * ' Quadrature ' ' is half way between conjunction and opposition. By
' ' greatest elongation ' ' is meant the greatest apparent angular distance from the sun ; the
planet is then generally most favorably situated for observation. Mercury can only be seen
with the naked eye at this time. When a planet is in its "ascending" (Q) or "descending"
( y ) node it is crossing the plane of the earth' s orbit. The term ' ' Perihelion ' ' means nearest,
and ' 'Aphelion ' ' farthest, from the sun. An ' ' occultation " of a planet or star is an eclipse of
it by some other body, usually the moon. '
I. -ECLIPSES.
In the year 1896 there will be four Eclipses, two of the Sun and two of the Moon.
1. An Annular EcUpse of the Sun February 13, invisible in North America, visible in the South
Atlantic Ocean, Soutli Africa, Patagonia, tlie southeastern coast of South America, and the EalKland
Islands. The path of the A nnular Eclipse lies wholly in the Antarctic and South Atlantic Oceans.
'2. A partial Eclipse of the Moon February 28, invisible in North America.
3. A total Eclipse of the Sua August 8-9, invisible in North America, except in Alaska and the
northwestern corner of the Dominion of Canada, visible in eastern Europe and northern and central
Asia. The path of the central Eclipse passes through the northern parts of Norway, Sweden, Lapland,
Novaya Zemlia, northern Siberia, and the northern part of Japan, and terminates at sunset in the
Pacific Ocean in Lat. 'iOo N. and Long. ISOO.
4. A partial Eclipse of the Moon August 23, visible in the United States as follows:
Cities.
Moon Enters
Shadow.
Middle of the
Eclipse.
Moon Leaves
Shadow.
Boston
r>.
23
23
23
23
23
22
22
22
22
22
22
H. M.
12 40.0 a.m.
12 28. 6 A. m.
12 23.9 a.m.
12 16. 3 A. M.
12 5.0 a.m.
11 46. 7 p. M.
11 34. 1 p. M.
IL 24.3 p.m.
10 24. 7 P. m.
9 56. 5 p. M.
9 14. 8 p. M.
r>.
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
22
22
22
H. M.
2 13 A. M.
2 1. 6 A. M.
1 56.9 a.m.
1 49.3 a.m.
1 38. A. M.
1 19. 7 A. M.
1 7. 1 A. M.
12 57. 3 A. M.
11 57.7 p.m.
11 29.5 p.m.
10 47. 8 p. M.
T).
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
H. M.
3 46. A. M.
New York
3 34. 5 A. M.
Philadplohia
3 29. 8 A. M.
AVashintrtou
3 22 2 \ M
Charleston
3 10 9 A. M.
Cincinnati
2 52. 6 A. M.
Chicaeo..
2 40. A. M.
New Orleans
2 30. 2 A. M.
Denver
1 30. 6 A. M.
Ogden
1 2. 4 A. M.
San Francisco
12 20. 7 A. M.
Mean Local Time.
The position of the point of first contact with the shadow is 101 o from
Moon's limb toward the East, and the last contact at 153° toward the
Eclipse 0.73.5 (the Moon's diameter being unitj') in the .southern limb.
II.— PLANETARY CONTIGURATIONS.
{yno York JiLan Time. )
D. H. M
in perihelion
B
Jan.
Feb.
n. .M.
1 1 12 p. M.
2 12 8 P. M.
9 6 43 P. M.
11 G 18 A. 51.
12 G 17 A. M.
16 2 40 A. M.
24 12 12 a.m.
24 8 12 A. M.
28 7 12 p. M.
29 4 23 P. M.
30 2 12 A. M.
6 3 51 A. M.
7 7 12 p.m.
8 1 12 p. M.
9 3 12 p. M.
10 2 28 A. M.
10 2 56 a.m.
12 1 9 P. M.
13
gr. elong. E.
in perihelion,
stationary'.
inferior.
Fob.
27
28
7 12 A. M.
10 22 A. M.
3 12 p. M.
2 A. M.
9 23 A. M.
7 40 P. M.
6
8
9
20 1 12 p. M. 5
25 10 15 P. M. 1| 6 C
eclipsed, invisible
at New York,
stationarj'.
Mar. 4
5
10
11
11
12
14
19 9 27 P. M.
24 5 50 a.m.
24 7
31 6 18 P. M.
April 1 8
8 5 23 A. m.
10 10 51 P. M.
12 3 7 P. M.
18
19 12 12 P. M.
9
9
5
no
superior.
the northern point of the
West. Magnitude of the
stationary,
eclipsed, invisible
at New York.
greatest elonga-
tion W.2702O'.
in aphelion.
c5 ju. Capricomi $ S. 6'
vernal equinox,
spring begins.
6 €
stationarj'.
6 €
_ in aphelion.
6
6
The Ancient and Modem Year.
ASTRONOMICAL PHENOIMENA FOR THE YEAR 1896— Cowfe'nMcd
37
D.
April20
25
28
May 3
5
7
11
12
14
16
18
25
29
June 5
8
10
10
11
12
14
15
20
M.
4 p. M.
P.M.
12 A. M.
P.M.
12 P. M.
11 15 A. M.
9 26 A. M.
1 p. M.
12 26 p. M.
9 A. M.
H.
3
6
2
11
4
o
9
10
4
6
8
1
2
11
4
2
5
22 A. M.
6 A. M.
A.M.
41 p. M.
12 p. M.
A.M.
34 p.m.
44 A. M.
A.M.
16 p.m.
1 7 A. M.
83 p. M.
21 2 42 p. M.
22 5 A. M.
July 3 5 P.M.
3 11 12 p. M.
Aug,
4
8
9
10
12
13
16
18
22
23
29
31
2
2
4
5
8
8
7 2 p. M.
11 29 p. M.
8
2
9
5
A.M.
40 P. M.
A. 31.
P.M.
11 12 A. M.
7 55 P. M.
P.M.
A.M.
A. M.
P.M.
43 p. M.
P.M.
Noon
1 A. M.
9 A. M.
5
4
4
1
4
6
9 4 12 A. M.
9 4 40 P. M.
9 6 21 P. M.
12 3 A. M.
14 2 33 A. M.
II. -^PLANETARY
€
in perihelion,
o piscinra 9 ^' 1^'
o
greatest elonga-
tion east 22°.
CONFIGURATIONS.
Ilean Time, )
D. H. M.
Aug. 22
stationary.
in aphelioii.
inferior.
in perihelion.
c
summer solstice,
summer hegins.
stationary,
in aphelion,
greatest elonga-
tion W.2lo 25'.
O superior.
fjL Gemini.
stationarj\
m perihelion.
in perilielion.
7] Cancri.
O sui)erior.
o
$ § north 18'.
eclipsed, invisible
at New York.
£
31 8 40 A. M.
11 A. M.
4 6 P. M.
6 12 41 A. M.
8 4 60 p. M.
9 7 7a. m.
11 12 16 p.m.
13 6 A. M.
19 11 A.M.
22 8 8 A. M.
24 2 P. M.
26 5 A.M.
28 4 31 P. M.
Oct. 3 9 16 P. M.
7 12 36 A. M.
8 1 7 P. M.
8 4 P. M.
9 1 29 A. M.
15 3 P.M.
17 12 12 A. M.
18 5 P. M.
24 7 A. M.
^ 6
26
31
Nov. 2
4
5
7
12
13
19
22
28
28
30
1
3
4
7
11
39
21
Dec.
11 32 A. M.
3 12 p. M.
1 A. M.
6 49 a.m.
5 11 P.M.
8 40 A. M.
11 A. M.
9 A. M.
3 p. M.
Noon
4 30 A. M.
p. M.
P.M.
P.M.
8 A. M.
28 p. M.
8 47 A. M.
12 A. M.
12 17 a.m.
2 35 A. M.
1
5
4
9
7
STJe Wintitnt fl^out.
eclipsed, visible at
New York.
in aphelion.
greatest elonga-
tion east26o43'.
a Leonis, 11 N. 20'.
autumn' 1 equin' x
autumn begins.
stationary.
d' 6
^ 6
§ 6
h 6
9 6
6
6
6
% 6
§ 6
% n
C
C
c
O
h
stationary,
in perilielion.
greatest elonga-
tion W. ISO 26'.
stationarj'.
in aphelion.
superior.
O
m aphelion.
25 12 22 p. M.
^ (S
25 8 P. M.
'n
28 8 A. M.
y> <^
30 10 52 p. M.
b (^
31 7 A.M.
e
winter solstice,
winter begins.
c
stationary.
V^, h N.io 49'.
c
in perihelion.
The early Egyptians divided the day and night each into twelve hours, a custom adopted by the
Jews or Greeks probably from the Babylonians. The day is said to have first been divided into hours
from B. c. 293, when a sun-dial was erected in the temple of Quirinus, at Home. Previous to the in-
vention of water-clocks, p,.c. 158, the time was called at Home by public criers. In early England
one expedient for measuring time was by wax candles, three inches burning an hour. The first per-
fect mechanical clock was not made until about a. d. 1250. Day began at sunrise among most of the
Northern nations, at sunset among the Athenians and Jews, and at midnight among the Romans, as
with us.
K^t irnctrnt anti ptotrern Year*
The Athenians began the year in June, the Macedonians in September, the Romans first in March
and afterward in January, the Persians on August 11, the ancient Mexicans on February 23, the Mo-
hammedans in July. The Chinese year, which begins early in February, is similar to the Moham-
medan in having 12 months of 29 and 30 days alternately; but in every nineteen years there are seven
years which have 13 months. This is not quite correct, and the Chmese have therefore formed a
cycle of 60 years, in which period 22 intercalary months occur.
88
Astronomical Constants.
^ije Sun's declination.
FOB WASHINGTON MEAN NOON.
1896.
January.
February.
March.
April.
May.
June.
o
/
It
o
t
ft
o
t
tr
o
f
tf
o
r
tt
o
1
n
1
23
41 S.
17
5
37 S.
7
11
44 S.
4
55
51 N.
15
22
45 N.
22
11
38 N.
2
22
55
29
16
48
23
6
48
47
5
18
61
15
40
31
22
19
13
3
22
49
49
16
30
51
6
25
45
5
41
46
15
68
2
22
26
26
4
22
43
42
16
13
2
6
2
37
6
4
36
16
15
17
22
33
14
5
22
37
8
15
54
57
5
39
24
6
27
19
16
32
16
22
39
39
6
22
30
8
15
36
34
5
16
7
6
49
65
16
48
69
22
45
40
7
22
22
40
15
17
56
4
52
45
7
12
25
17
5
25
22
61
17
8
22
14
46
14
59
2
4
29
19
7
34
48
17
21
34
22
66
31
9
22
6
26
14
39
53
4
5
49
7
57
3
17
35
25
23
1
19
10
21
57
40
14
20
29
3
42
17
8
19
10
17
62
59
23
5
44
11
21
48
28
14
50
3
18
41
8
41
8
18
8
15
23
9
44
12
21
38
51
13
40
58
2
55
4
9
2
69
18
23
13
23
13
20
13
21
28
48
13
20
52
2
31
24
9
24
40
18
37
52
23
16
31
14
21
18
21
13
33
2
7
43
9
46
11
18
52
12
23
19
17
15
21
7
29
12
40
1
1
44
10
7
33
19
6
13
23
21
39
16
20
56
12
12
19
17
1
20
17
10
28
45
19
19
55
23
23
36
17
20
44
32
11
58
22
56
34
10
49
46
19
33
17
23
25
8
18
20
32
28
11
37
16
32
51
11
10
37
19
46
19
23
26
15
19
20
20
11
15
57
9
8 S.
11
31
16
19
69
23
26
58
20
20
7
10
10
54
29
14
34 N.
11
51
44
20
11
22
23
27
16
21
19
53
57
10
32
51
38
15
12
12
20
23
22
23
27
9
22
19
40
23
10
11
4
1
1
55
12
32
4
20
35
2
23
26
37
23
19
26
26
9
49
7
1
25
32
12
51
56
20
46
20
23
25
41
24
19
12
8
9
27
1
1
49
8
13
11
34
20
67
17
23
24
20
25
18
57
29
9
4
47
2
12
40
13
31
21
7
52
23
22
34
26
18
42
29
8
42
25
2
36
10
13
50
13
21
18
6
23
20
23
27
18
27
9
8
19
55
2
59
37
14
9
11
21
27
57
23
17
48
28
18
11
29
7
57
18
3
23
14
27
56
21
37
29
23
14
49
29
17
55
29
7
34
34 S.
3
46
19
14
46
27
21
46
34
23
11
26
30
17
39
11
4
9
34
15
4
43 N.
21
65
18
23
7
37 N
31
17
22
33 S.
4
32
45 N.
22
3
40 N.
1896.
July.
August.
September.
October.
November.
December.
o
1
It
o
t
It
o
t
It
o
1
tt
o
;
It
o
t
If
1
23
3
24 N.
17
47
18 N.
7
66
6 N.
3
34
19 S.
14
45
44 a
21
6S
26 S.
2
22
58
48
17
31
46
7
34
7
3
67
36
15
4
38
22
7
8
3
22
63
47
17
15
66
7
12
4
20
48
15
23
17
22
16
24
4
22
48
22
16
59
50
6
49
47
4
43
68
16
41
41
22
23
14
5
22
42
34
16
43
27
6
27
27
5
7
4
15
69
49
22
30
38
6
22
36
21
16
26
48
6
5
6
30
6
16
47
41
22
37
35
. 7
22
29
46
16
9
53
6
42
27
6
53
5
16
36
17
22
44
6
8
22
22
47
15
62
42
6
19
49
6
15
69
16
62
35
22
50
11
9
22
15
24
15
35
16
4
67
5
6
38
47
17
9
87
22
65
48
10
22
7
38
15
17
35
4
34
16
7
1
30
17
26
21
23
67
11
21
69
30
14
69
39
4
11
22
7
24
8
17
42
46
23
5
40
12
21
50
68
14
41
29
3
48
24
7
46
39
17
58
53
23
9
55
13
21
42
6
14
23
5
3
25
23
8
9
4
18
14
41
23
13
42
14
21
32
49
14
4
27
3
2
17
8
31
21
18
30
10
23
17
2
16
21
23
12
13
46
86
2
39
8
8
53
32
18
45
19
23
19
53
16
21
13
12
13
26
32
2
J 5
57
9
15
34
19
7
23
22
17
17
21
2
61
13
7
15
1
52
42
9
37
29
19
14
37
23
24
12
18
20
62
9
12
47
46
1
29
26
9
59
15
19
28
46
23
25
40
19
20
41
6
12
28
5
1
6
7
10
20
52
19
42
33
23
26
39
20
20
29
41
12
8
12
42
46
10
42
20
19
55
58
23
27
11
21
20
17
67
11
48
7
19
25 N.
11
3
39
20
9
2
23
27
13
22
20
6
52
11
27
52
3
68 8.
11
24
48
20
21
44
23
26
48
23
19
53
27
11
7
25
27
22
11
45
46
20
34
3
23
25
64
24
19
40
42
10
46
48
50
46
12
6
34
20
45
69
23
24
32
25
19
27
37
10
26
1
1
14
10
12
27
10
20
57
32
23
22
42
26
19
14
13
10
5
3
1
37
34
12
47
36
21
8
42
23
20
24
27
19
30
9
43
56
2
57
13
7
49
21
19
27
23
17
37
28
18
46
28
9
22
40
2
24
20
13
27
60
21
29
49
23
14
23
29
18
32
8
9
1
14
2
47
41
13
47
39
21
39
46
23
10
40
80
18
17
29
8
39
40
3
11
1 S.
14
7
14
21
49
18 S.
23
6
30
31
18
2
32 N.
8
17
67 N.
14
26
36 S.
23
1
61 S.
Astronomical (tonntantn.
The mean obliquity of the ecliptic for the yeax 1896 is 23° 27' 9. "89. Mean annual dim-
inution, 0.46".
The pr&sent accepted value of the solar parallax is 8. 81" at the earth' a mean distance, which
13 92, 790, 000 miles, with a probable error of about 75, 000 miles more or less.
The eccentricity of the earth' s orbit is 0. 016771 : we are therefore 3, 112, 560 miles nearer to
the sun at perihelion (January 1) than at aphelion (about July 1).
Length of the sidereal year, 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, 9. 6 seconds of m«aii time.
JPeriodio Comets.
39
ASTRONOMICAL CONSTANTS— Ccmimucd.
Length of the tropical year (from equinox to equinox), 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 46.07
seconds of mean time.
Mean distance from earth to moon, 238, 855 miles.
The length of a second' s pendulum, that is, one which vibrates once in a second, in vacuo,
at any place whose latitude is Z, is 39.01254 + 0.20827 sin2 finches. At New York it is
39. 101 3 inches.
The acceleration of gravity in one second of mean solar time is 32. 086528 + 0. 173 293 sinz i
feet. The half of this is the distance through which a body falls (in a vacuum) in one second.
The velocity of light is 186, 330 miles per second.
Light requires 8 minutes and 18 seconds to jtass from the sun to the earth when at its
mean distance, as given above ; therefore, when we look at the sun we see him, not where he
actually is, but where he Avas about 8 minutes and 18 seconds ago ; his true place is then always
in advance of his apparent place.
Pole cStar*
MEAN TIME OF THANSIT (AT NEW YORK:) AND POLAR DISTANCE OF POLE STAR,
1896
Januaky.
Febeuary.
March.
Apkii..
May.
Ju
NE.
>~. c
a c
Upper
Transit.
Polar
Distance.
Lower
Transit.
Polar
Distance .
Lower
Transit.
Polar
Distance.
Lower
Transit.
Polar
Distance.
Lower
Transit.
Polar
Distance.
Lower
Transit.
Polar
Distance.
1
11
H. M. S.
p. M.
6 36 1
5 56 4
5 16 36
/ /;
1 14 23
22
21
H.M. S.
A. M.
4 35 36
3 66 8
3 16 41
f n
1 14 21
23
95
1
Ih.m. s.
A. M.
2 41 11
2 1 47
1 22 24
t U
1 14 27
3(J
33
H.M. S.
A. M.
12 39 8
11 55 53 p.m.
11 16 36 p.m.
/ It
1 14 36
39
42
H. M. S,
p. M.
10 37 85
9 58 7
9.18 64
f n
1 14 45
47
49
ELM. S.
P. M.
8 35 49
7 56 39
7 17 29
t It
1 14 51
52
53
1896
July.
August.
September.
October.
November.
December.
"S5
Lower
Transit.
Polar
Distance.
Upper
Transit.
Polar
Distance.
Upper
Transit.
Polar
Distance.
Upper
Transit.
Polar
Distance.
Upper Polar
Transit. Distance.
Upper
Transit.
Polar
Distance.
1
11
21
H. M. S.
p. M.
6 38 26
5 59 12
5 20 4
/ It
1 14 53
62
52
ELM. S.
A. M.
4 38 56
4 46
3 ';0 36
1 II
1 14 50
4«
45
1
H.M. S.
A. M.
2 37 30
1 58 29
1 19 3
t II
1 14 42
39
35
H. M. .S.
A. M.
12 39 48
12 31
11 17 16 P.M.
t II
1 14 31
28
24
H. M. S. O 1 II
V. M.
10 44 01 14 19
9 54 401 16
9 15 171 12
H. M. S. O 1 II
P. M.
8 35 521 14 9
7 56 25 7
7 17 4
From June 16 to August 1 both the upper and loAver transits take place during daylight.
The azimuth at the time of greatest eastern or western elongation can be easily computed from
the formula : _• ^ _ sin i^
cos I
where A denotes the Azimuth, p the polar distance, and I the latitude of tlie place.
DATE OF GREATEST ELONGATION.
To find the tune of greatest eastern or western elongation, let if denote the hour angle, and I
and p as before, then we shall have
cos H=. tan p tan I.
And the- hour angle in mean time is
Hm = 11° X 0664846.
This quantity, H^i, added to or subtracted from the time of transit given above, according
to the elongation required, will give the mean time of the r/reatest elongation at any place whose
north latitude is I.
OBSERVED AT MORE THAN ONE PERIHELION PASSAGE.
Name,
Encke.
Tempel
Barnard
Tempel- Swift.
Brorseu . . . .
Winneck*. .. . .
Tempftl
Periheliou
Passage.
1885, Mar. 7
1883, Nov. 20
1890, Feb.
IhSe, May 9
1879, Mar. 30
1886, Sept. 4
18W6,Sept. 25
Perihel.
1
Period
Dist.
Eccen-
(Tears)
Earth's
0rbit=>l.
tricity.
3.3
0.34
0.846
6.2
1.34
0. 653
5.4
1.28
0.582
5.5
1.07
U. 6.i>6
5.6
0.59
0.810
6.8
0.88
0.727
6.6
2.07
0.405
Name.
Biela
D' Arrest
Faye
Tuttle
Pons-Brooki