be used for military purposes. In these, other virtues enter so deeply that in some cases explosive
effect must take second rank. Thus, a powder would have no value, whatever its explosive etJect, if
it were not stable under the varying circumstances of war. It has been pretty well demonstrated that
wet gun cotton and emmensite are fairly safe and can be used in projectiles as large as the 12-inch
mortar shells. There are other and many explosives added to the list of last year. Thus, Cannonite,
Fulgurite, Progressite, Americauite, Schnebelite, and a new explosive invented by M. Rossel^ a
French chemist, who found thata mixtureof aluminum filings and sodium dioxide took fire with
explosive violence when in contact with a little moisture. The preparation is very dangerous, since,
when it takes fire, little particles fiercely burning are projected in all directions, while the heat
engendered is sufficient to fuse copper wire.
Since The Almanac of 1895 the English Cordite, which was definitely adopted by the English
Government for small-arms and quick-firing guns, has caused considerable discussion as to its value
as a military explosive. Its corrosive action on the metal is considerably greater than that of other
explosives tested under like conditions, while its invulnerability to explosion by detonation and
contact, as proved by recent explosions, is not at all sound. One great advantage it possesses is its
indiflference to wetting, its freedom from smoke when fired, and its safety as regards explosion when
uncoufined in magazines. Its stability is fair.
STRENGTH OF MODERN POWDERS AND HIGH EXPLOSIVES.
Name ok Explosive.
Perunite B
Perunite C
Perunite D
Explosive gelatine
Rack-a-rock
Hellofite
Nitre- glycerine, best quality
Nobel' s smokeless powder
Explosive gelatine made from No. 5
nitro- glycerine
United States Navy gim- cotton
Fulgurite
Emmensite
French nitro- glycerine
Dynamite No. 1
Percent-
age of
Strength.
100.0
91.0
83.0
81.0
79.0
78.0
73.0
70.0
68.0
67.5
67.0
66.0
63.0
62.6
Name of Explosive.
Cannonite
Amide powder
Progressite
Tonite
Bellite
Oxonite
Atlas powder, No. 1
Melinite
Silver fulminate
Mercury fulminate. . .
Rifle powder
Mortar powder
Rossel' s mixture
Americauite
Schnebelite
Percent-
age of
Strength.
62.0
59.0
58.5
57.0
56.0
54.4
64.0
49.0
48.
47.
35.0
30.0
89.5
82.0
80.0
.2
.5
Foreign-horn Residents of Various Countries,
341
.Statisticiji of tijt Comxtrits of tfje smtitltr.
CoUNTRIEi?.
Population .
China
British Empire*
Russian Empire
United States
France and Colonies
France
Colonies
Algeria
Senegal, etc
Tunis
Cayenne
Cambodia
CocMn-China
Touquin
New Caleaonia
Tahiti
Sahara
German EmpireJ
Prussia
Bavaria ...
Saxony
Wurtemburg
Baden . ,
Alsace-Lorraine
Hesse
Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Hamburg ,
Brunswick ,
Oldenburg ,
Saxe- Weimar
Anhalt
Saxe-Meiningen
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
Bremen
Saxe-Altenburg ,
Lippe
Reuss (younger line). .
MecMenburg-Strelitz..
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Schwarzburg-Sond's's'n.
Lubeck
"VValdeck
Reuss (elder line)
Schaumburg-Lippe
German Africa
Austro-Himgarian Empire.
Japan
Netherlands
Netherlands and Colonies
Borneo
Celebes
Java
Moluccas
New Guinea
Sumatra
Surinam
Turkish Empire
European Turkey
Asiatic Turkey
Tripoli
Bulgaria.
Eg^'pt
Sq. Miles.
402,680,000
381,037,874
113,354,649
â– r69,000,000
59,666,967
38,218,903
21,448,064
3,870,000
183,237
1,500,000
26,502
1,500,000
1,223,000
12,000,000
62,752
12,800'
1,100.000
49,421,064
29,957,302
5,589,382
3,500,513
2,035,443
1,656,817
1,603,987
956,170
675,140
622,530
372,580
341,250
313,668
247,603
214,697
198,717
180,443
161,129
123,250
112,118
98,371
83,939
73,62
76,485
56,565
53,787
37,204
5,950,000
41,827,700
39,607,234
4,450,8-0
33,042,238
1,073,500
2,000,000
21,974,161
353,000
200,000
2,750,000
57,141
33,559,787
4,790,000
16,133,900
1,000,000
3,154,375
6,817,265
Capitals.
4,218,401 Peking.
11,335,806 London.
8,644,100 St. Petersburg
Washington.
Paris.
Paris.
Algiers.
St. Louis.
Tunis.
Cayenne.
Saigon.
3,602,990
3,127,856
204,177
2,923,679
260,000
580,000
45,000
46,697
32,254
13,692
60,000 Hanoi.
7,624 Noumea.
462
1,550,000|
211,108 Berlin.
134,467 Berlin.
29,291 Munich.
5,789 Dresden.
7,531 Stuttgart.
5,803 Karlsruhe,
5,602 Strasburg.
Darmstadt.
Schwerin.
2,965
5,137
158
1,425
2,479
CO0NTRIES.
Brunswick.
Oldenburg.
1,387 1 Weimar.
906 Dessau.
953 Meiuingen.
760;Gotha.
99
Alteuburg.
Detmold,
Gera
Neu Strelitz,
Rudolstadt.
S'ndershausen
511
472
319
1,131
363
333
115
433
122
131
822,000
201,591
Arolsen,
Greiz.
Buckeburg.
Vienna.
147,660 jTokio.
12,680
778,187
203,714
72,000
50,848
42,420
150,755
170,744
46,060
1,652,533
63,850
729,170
398,873
37,860
400,000
The Hague.
The Hague.
Batavia.
Amboyna.
Paramaribo.
Constantiii'ple
Tripoli.
Sofia.
Cairo.
Italy
Italy and Colonies
Abyssinia
Eritrea ,
Somal Coast ,
Spain
Spain and Colonies
Spanish Africa
Philippine Islands ,
Cuba
Porto Rico
Brazil
Mexico
Corea
Congo State
Persia
Portugal
Portugal and Colonies. .
Portuguese Africa
Portuguese Asia
Sweden and Norway.. . .
Sweden
Norway
Morocco
Belgium
Siam
Roumania
Argentine Republic
Colombia
Afghanistan
Madagascar
Chile
Peru
Switzerland
Bolivia
Greece
Denmark
Denmark and Colonies.
Iceland
Greenland
West Indies
Venezuela
Servia
Nepaul
Oman
Guatem.ala â– .
Ecuador
Liberia
Haytl
Transvaal
Salvador
Uruguay
Khiva
Paraguay
Honduras
Nicaragua
Dominican Republic
Montenegro
Costa Rica
Orange Free State
Hawaii.... -
Population,
Sq. Miles.
29,699,785
34,970,785
4,500,000
660,000
210,000
17,550,216
28,911,609
437,000
9,500,000
1,521,684
784,709
18,000,000
11,632,924
10,519,000
8,000,000
7,653,600
4,708,178
11,073,681
5,416,000
847,503
6,785,898
4,784,981
2,000,917
6,500,000
6,030,043
5,700,000
5,376,000
4,750,000
4,600,000
4,000,000
3,500,000
3,500,000
2,800,000
2,933,334
2,300,000
2,187,208
2,172,205
2,288,193
72,445
9,780
33,763
2,323,988
2,096,043
2,000,000
1,600,000
1,550,000
1,300,000
1,050,000
950,000
800,000
780,000
750,000
700,000
476,000
450,000
400,000
350,000
245,380
265,000
133,518
86,647
Capitals.
110,665
425,765
189,000
56,100
70,000
196,173
603,076
203,767
114,326
43,220
3,550
3,219,000
751,700
85,000
802,000
636,000
34,038
951,785
841,025
7,923
297,321
172,876
124,445
314,000
11,373
280,550
46,314
1,095,013
331,420
279,000
230,000
256,860
405,040
15,981
472,000
24,977
14,780
101,403
39,756
46,740
118
566,159
18,757
56,800
81,000
46,774
144,000
14,000
29,830
110,193
7,228
72,112
22,320
145,000
42,658
51,660
20,596
3,486
19,985
41,484
6,587
Rome.
Rome.
Madrid.
Madrid.
Manila.
Havana.
San Juan.
C.Rio Janeiro.
City of Mexico
Seoul.
Teheran.
Lisbon.
Lisbon.
Stockholm.
Kristiania.
Fez.
Brussels
Bangkok.
Bucharest.
Buenos Ayres.
Bogota.
Cabul.
Antananarivo
Santiago,
Lima.
Berne.
La Paz,
Athens.
Copenhagen,
Copenhagen.
Re.-)kiavik.
Godthaab.
Caracas.
Belgrade.
Khatmandu.
Muscat.
N. Guat«mala.
Quito.
Monrovia.
Portau Prince
Pretoria.
San Salvador,
Montevideo,
Khiva.
Asuncion.
Tegucigalpa.
Managua.
San Domingo.
Cettinje,
San Jose.
Bloemf ontein .
Honolulu.
* These estimates of the population and area of the British Empire include the recently acquired great possessions in Africa. For
statistics in detail see tabular page entitled "The British Empire." t Estimated for January 1, 1896. J In Europe; the late ac-
quisitions in Africa and elsewnere are given below separately. ^
jfor^iBtt^ibotn l^mi^twt^ of Uartous ^otintttfjs*
COUNTKLES.
Nimiber,
600,000
155,471
98,000
243,000
87,077
8,107
54,000
_
Per cent of
Population.
COUNTKIKS.
Number.
Per cent of
Population,
COUNTKIES.
Number.
Per cent of
Population,
Argentine Republic*
Austria. ............
14.68
0.66
1.96
2.64
3.45
2!84
Egypt!
France |!
Germany +
G.Britain & Ireland
Greece ^
Holland**
Italy
90,886
1,101,728
434,525
127,000
31,969
47,888
261,000
1.34
2.87
0.94
0.36
1.62
1.06
1.02
Japan**
9,063
89,000
148,000
41,000
238,313
17,000
9,249,547
0.02
Roumania
Russia
1.82
0.21
Brazil
Spain
0.26
Chilet
Switzerland
Sweden & Norway.
United Statestt...
8.17
China J
0.27
Deimrark
14.90
* In 1887.
t In 1885.
X In 1890,
§ In 1882. [In 1891.
t In 1879,
** In 1889.
tt Census of 1890.
342
Miiiistries of Principal European Countries.
^iwiutxitn of Jlrincipal SSutopean i^ountrirs.
December 1, 1895.
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
EMPIRE.
Minister Foreign Affairs— Count GoluchowskL
Minister Finance—^, von Kallay.
Frime Minister— Count Badeni.
Minister Ji'mance— Chevalier von Bilinski.
Minister Defence— Count von Welsersheimb.
Minister Fublic Instruction— Baron Gautsch.
Minister TFar— Baron F. von Bauer.
AUSTKIA.
Fresident— Baron Banfify.
Minister Defeyice-Baron Gesa Fejervary.
3finister Commerce-Ernest Daniel
Minister Education and Wdrship—'Dr. J. Wlassitch.
Premier and Foreign Affairs— Z. de Burlet.
Minister Finance— "M:. de Smet de Nayer.
Minister Interior and Fublic Instruction— M. Schel
laert.
Minister Works— W. de Bruyn,
Minister Agriculture— Count Falkenhayn.
Minister Interioi'— Marquis von Bacquehem.
Minister Justice— Count Schoenborn.
Minister Commerce-Baron Glanz.
HUNGARY.
Minister Ji'inance— Ladislas Lukacs.
Minister Agriculture— Count Audor Fesztetich.
Minister J'lWiiice— Alexander Erdelyi.
Minister J?iterior— Desiderius Perczel.
BELGIUM.
Minister War— Gen. Brassine.
Minister Justice— M. V. Begrem.
Min. Railways, Posts, Etc. — M. Van den Peereboom,
Minister Industry and Labor— M., Nyssens.
FRANCE.
Fi-esident and Minister Interior— M. Leon Bourgeois.
Minister Foreign Affairs— M. Berthelotv
Minister Finance— M. Doumer.
Minister Colonies— M. Combes.
Minister Commerce— M.. Mesureur.
Minister Marine— M. Lockroy.
GERMANY.
Cliancellor of the Empire— Prince Clovis von Ho-
henlohe-Schillingsfurst.
Minister Fcn'eign ^^a/rs— Marshal von Bieberstein,
Minister Intenor— Dr. von Boetticher.
Minister Marine — Admiral Hollmann.
Minister War—M. Godefroy Cavaignac.
Minister Fublic Woi-ks—M. Guyot-Dessaigne.
3Iinister Justice and Worship— M. Bicard.
Minister Instruction and Arts-
Minister Agriculture-'M.. Viger.
Minister Justice— I>r. von Hanauer.
Minister Finance— Countvon Posadowski-Wehner.
Minister Post- Office— Dr. von Stephan.
Minister Hailroads— Dr. von Thielen,
ITALY.
President and Minister InterUyr—'Siignor F. Crispi.
Minister Foreign Affairs— Baron Albert Blanc.
Minister JusticeSignor A. Calenda di TavanL
Minister IFar— Gen. S. Mocenni.
Minister Jfa7-fri6— Vice- Admiral C. Morin.
Minister Instruction— Signor G. BacellL
Minister of Fi7iance— Signor P. Boselli.
Minister Agriculture— Signor Barozzuoli.
Minister Public Works— Signor G. Saracco.
Minister Posts and Telegraphs— Signor M. Ferraris.
NETHERLANDS.
President and Minister Foreign Affairs— Joan Roell.
Minister Interior— Dr. S. Van Houten.
3Iinister Colonies— Dr. Jacques Henri Bergsma.
Minister Justice— Dr. W. Van der Elaay.
Minister Finance— Dr. J. P. Sprenger Van Eyk.
Minister TFar— Lieut. -Gen. C. D. H. Schneider.
Minister Marine— 'H.. M. Van der Wyck.
Minister ComTnerce-Ph. W. Van der Sleyden.
Minister Foreign Affairs— Frince Lobaiioff.
Minister Finance— M. De Witte.
Minister Interior— IsL Dournovo.
Minister Instruction — Count Delanoff.
RUSSIA.
Minister War — Gen. VannovskL
Minister il/artne- Admiral TchikatcheflC
Minister Justice— M. MuravieSl
P-esident of Council— Sehor Canovas del Castillo.
Minister Foreign Affairs— Du^e of Tetuan.
Minister T Fa?-— Gen. Azcarraga.
Minister Marine— Admiral Beranger.
Minister J/iferior— Sefior Cos Ganon.
SPAIN.
Minister Finance— Senor Navarro Reverter.
Minister Public Works —
Minister Colonies— Sehor Castellanos.
Minister Justice— Se&or E^mero Bobledo.
Prime Minister— 'E,. G. Bostrom.
Minister Foreign Affairs—
Minister Justice — A. Ostergren.
Minister War— Gen. Baron A, E. Bappe,
SWEDEN AND NORWAY.
SWEDEN.
Minister Marine— J. C. E. Christersoru
Minister Interior— Victor L. Groll.
Minister Finance— Baron von Essen.
Minister Instruction— Dr. J. F. GUljam.
President of Council— 'Kmil Stang.
Minister TFar— C. W. E. B. Alssu.
Minister Interior— P. Birch- Reichenwald,
Minister Justice— E. Motzfeldt.
ITORWAY.
Minister Finance— O. A. Furn.
Minister Public TFwArs— P. Nlisen.
Minister Beligion and Instruction— A.. C. Bang.
Prime ilflnister— Said Pacha.
Minister Foreign Affairs— Tev^fik. Pacha.
Minister Interior— Memduli Pacha.
Minister FinanceSahri Bey.
Minister of Justiceand TFar— Abdurraliman Pacha
TURKEY.
Minister Instruction— Zuhdi Pacha.
Jlf/niA-terJ/arine— Hassan Pacha.
Minister Public Woi-ks—M. Djelalledin Pacha.
Minister TFors/iip— Gareid Pacha.
Statin oi tjt (H^o^tvnmtntn ot tje miovUf. 343
December 1, 1895.
COUNTKY.
Official Head.
Afghanistan
Annam
Argentine Republic,
Austria- Hungary
Baluchistan
Belgium
Bokhara
Bolivia
Borneo
Brazil
Bulgaria
Chile
China
Colombia
Congo Free State
Costa Bica
Dahomey
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
France
Germany
Prussia
Bavaria
Saxony
Wurtemberg
Baden
Hesse
Lippe-Detmold
Annalt
Brunswick
Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
Mecklenburg-Strelitz. . .
Oldenburg
Saxe- Altenburg
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Saxe-Meiningen
Saxe-Weimar
Waldeck-Pyrmont
Great Britain and Ireland
Greece
Guatemala
Hawaii
Hayti
Honduras
India (British)
Italy
Japan
Khiva
Korea
Liberia
Luxemburg
Madagascar
Mexico
Monaco
Montenegro
Morocco
Nepal
Netherlands
Nicaragua
Oman
Orange Free State
Paraguay
Persia
Peru
Portugal
Roumania
Russia
Salvador
Samoa
Sarawak
Servia
Siam
Spain
Sweden and Norway
Switzerland
Tonga
Transvaal(S. African Rep
Tunis
Turkey
United States of America.
IJruguay
Venezuela
Zanzibar
Abdur Rahman Khan
Bun-Can
Senor Uriburu
Francis Joseph
Mir Muhammad
Leopold II
Seid Abdul Ahad
General Alonzo
Hasim Jalilal Alam Akamaldin
Dr. Prudente de Moraes
Ferdinand
Admiral Jorge Montt
Kuang Hsii
Miguel A. Caro
Leopold
Rafael Iglesias
Guthili
Christian IX
General Ulises Heureaux
General Eloy Alfaro
Abbas
Francois Felix Faure
William II
William II
Otto
Albert ,
William II
Frederick I
Ernst Louis V
Adolphus
Frederick
Prince Albrech t
Frederick Francis III
Frederick William
Peter
Ernest
Alfred
George II
Karl Alexander
Frederick
Victoria
George I
Gen. Jose Maria Reina Barrios ,
Sanford B. Dole
General L. M. F. Hippolyte
Polycarpo Bonilla
Victoria
Humbert
Mutsu Hito
Seid Mehomed Rahim
Li Hung
J. J. Cheeseman
Adolph (Duke of Nassau)
Ranavalona III
General Porfirio Diaz
Albert
Nicholas
Abdul Azziz
Surendra Bikram Shamsher Jang
Wilhelmina (a minor)
General Jose Santos Zelaj^a
Seyyid Feysal binTurkee.-
F. W. Reitz /
General Egusquiza
Nasir-ed-Din .-s..'
General Nicola Pierola
Carlos I
Charles ,
Nicholas II
General Gutierrez
Tamasese
Sir Charles Johnson Brooke
Alexander I
Chulalongkorn I
Alphonso XIII. (a minor)
Oscar II
Joseph Zemp
George II
S. J. Paul Kruger
Sidi Ali Pasha
Abdul Hamid II
Grover Cleveland
Senhor Idiarte Borda
General Joaquin Crespo
Hamed bin Thwain
Title.
Ameer
King
President
Emperor
Khan
King
Ameer
President
Sultan
President
Prince
President
Emperor
President
Sovereign
President
King
King
President
President
Khedive
President ,
Emperor. \
King ;
King ,
King ,
King
Grand Duke. .
Grand Duke. .
Prince ,
Duke
Regent ,
Grand Duke. .
Grand Duke. .
Grand Duke. .
Duke
Duke
Duke
Grand Duke. .
Prince
Queen
King
President
President
President
President
Empress. .......
King
Mikado
Kahn
King
President
Grand Duke. . .
Queen
President
Prince
Prince
Sultan
Maharaja
Queen
President
Sultan
President
President
Shah
President
King
King
Emperor
President
King
Raja
King
King
King
King
President
King
President
Bey
Sultan
President
President ,
President
Sultan (Seyyid)
Bom.
1845
1879
Aug. ' * 18, 1830
April
Feb,
Aug.
April
9,1835
1864
1844
26,1861
1847
2, 1872
1848
9, 1835
1864
April 8, 1818
July
Jan.
Jan.
14, 1874
31, 1841
27, 1859
April 27,1848
April 23,1828
Feb.
Sept.
Nov.
25, 1848
9. 1826
25, 1868
1859
April 29,1831
May 8, 1837
March 19, 1851
Oct. 17, 1819
8. 1827
16, 1826
6,1844
2, 1826
24. 1818
20, 1865
24. 1819
24, 1845
24, 1856
1844
July
Sept.
Aug.
April
June
Jan.
May
Dec.
Dec.
May 24, 1819
March 14, 1844
Nov. 3, 1852
July
July
Nov.
Oct.
Aug,
1845
25, 1851
"24,1817
1861
"is, 1848
7,1841
1878
1874
31, 1880
Acceded,
July
Jan,
Jan.
Dec.
Aug.,
Dec.
Nov.
Aug.
May,
Nov.
Aug.
Dec.
Jan.
Aug.
22, 1880
30, 1889
22, 1895
2,1848
1893
10, 1865
12, 1885
17, 1894
1885
15, 1894
11, 1887
26, 1891
12, 1875
7, 1892
April 30,1885
May 8, 1894
Jan.
Nov.
Sept.
Sept. ,
Jan.
Jan.
June
June
Oct.
Oct.
Sept.
15. 1894
15, 1863
1, 1886
1895
7, 1892
17. 1895
15, 1888
13, 1886
29, 1873
6, 1891
5, 1856
March 13, 1892
1895
May
Oct.
22,1871
21, 1885
April 15,1883
Sept 6,1860
July 18, 1831
Sept. 28, 1863
April 20,1839
May 18, 1868
June
Aug.
Sept.
May
Jan.
3,1829
14, 1876
21, 1853
17, 1886
21, 1829
June 18, 1874
Oct.
Sept.
5, 1817
21, 1842
March 18,1837
1844
1856
Feb,
Aug.
Aug.
Sept.
July
May
June
Oct.
July
May
Feb.,
Jan.
Jan.
Feb.
Jan. ,
Jan.
Nov.
July
Dec.
Sept.
Aug.
June
Nov.
Oct.,
June
Nov.
Nov.
Sept.
Aug.
Oct.
March 26,' 1881
Nov. 2, 1894
June 5, 1894
Jan. 3, 1894
June 11, 1868
March 6,1889
Oct. 1, 1868
May 17, 1886
Sept.
Dea
27, 1853
3. 1853
23, 1893
20. 1866
8, 1853
12. 1893
20, 1837
31, 1863
1892
3, 1894-
15, 1890
1894
1. 1877
9. 1878
13. 1867
1865
1864
2, 1892
23, 1890
13, 1883
1, 1892
10. 1889
14, 1860
11. 1894
1884
23. 1890
1893
4, 1888
22. 1893
25. 1894
10, 1848
12. 1895
19, 1889
May
Oct.
Aug.
18, 1872
15, 1894
1893
12, 1893
28, 1882
31,1876
March 4,1893
March, 1894
March 14,1894
March 5,1893
344
Sovereigns of Europe.
.Sabereignis of fSuropc*
AHKANGSD ACCORDING TO THE DATES OF THEIR ACCESSION
TO THE THKONE.
Sovereigns.
Victoria, Queen of Great Britain, etc
Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria
Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden
Peter, Grand Duke, Oldenburg
Charles, Grand Duke, Saxe- Weimar
Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
John II., Prince of Liechtenstein
Henry XXII. ,Pr. of Reuss (Elder line).
Nicholas, Prince of Montenegro
Frederick William, Grand Duke of
Mecklenburg- Strelitz
Adolphus, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe.
George I., King of the Greeks
Christian IX., King of Denmark
Leopold II., King of the Belgians
Charles, King of Eoumania
George II., Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
Henry XIV., Prince of Reuss (Younger
line)
Frederick ^uke of Anhalt
Oscar II., King of Sweden and Norway.
Albert, King of Saxony
Abdul Hamid, Sultan of Turkey
Humbert I. , King of Italy
Leo XIII. , Pope
Charles, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sonders-
hausen
Frederick III., Grand Duke of Mecklen-
burg-Schwerin
Alphonso XIII. vKing of Spain
Otho I., King of Bavaria
William II., German Emperor.
Alexander I. , King of Servia
Albert, Prince of Monaco
Charles I., King of Portugal
Gunther, Pr. of Schwarzburg-Budolstadt
Adolphus, Grand Duke of Luxemburg. .
Wilhelmina, Queen of Netherlands
William, King of Wiirtemberg
ErnesfL'ouis, Grand Duke of Hesse
Frederick, Prince of Waldeck
Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
Nicholas II., Emperor of Russia
Adolphus, Prince of Lippe-Detmold
o 5
" S a
«> o §
<'"
<< '^
1837
18
1848
18
1852
25
1853
25
1853
35
1853
26
1858
18
1859
13
1860
19
1860
40
1860
43
1863
17
1863
45
1865
30
1866
26
1866
1
40
1867
35
1871
40
1872
43
1873
45
1876
33
1878
34
1878
1
68
1880
1
49
1883
32
1886
1886
38
1888
29
1889
13
1889
41
1889
26
1890
88
1890
73
1890
10
1891
43
1892
23
1893
28
1893
48
1894
26
1895
36
ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THEIR .RESPECTIVE AGES.
Sovereigns.
Leo XIII., Pope
Adolphus. Grand Duke of Luxemburg.
Adolphus, Pr. of Schaumburg-Lippe. .
Christian IX., King of Denmark
Charles, Grand Duke of Saxe- Weimar.
Victoria, Queen of Qreat Britain
Frederick William, Grand Duke of
Mecklenburg- Strelitz
George II., Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. .
Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden
Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
Peter, Grand Duke of Oldenburg
Albert, King' of Saxony
Oscar II.,Kmgof Sweden and Norway
Charles, Prince of Schwarzburg-Son-
dershausen
Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria.. .
Frederick, Duke of Anhalt
Henry XIV. , Pr. of Reuss( Y ' nger line)
Leopold II., King of the Belgians
Charles, King of Roumania
John II., Prince of Liechtenstein
Nicholas, Prince of Montenegro
Abdul Hamid, Sultan
Humbert I. , King of Italy
Alfred, Duke of Saxe- Coburg-Gotha. . .
George I., King of the Greeks
Henry XXII., Pr. of Reuss (Eld. line).
William, King of Wiirtemberg
Otho, King ot Bavaria
Albert, Prince of Monaco
Frederick III., Grand Duke of Meck-
lenburg-Schwerin
Gunther,Pr.of Schwarzb' g-Rudolstadt
William II., German Emperor
Adolphus, Prince of Lippe-Detmold. .
Charles I. , King of Portugal
Frederick, Prince of Waldeck
Nicholas II., Emperor of Russia
Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse
Alexander I., King of Servia
Wilhelmina. Queen oi Netherlands
Alphonso XIII. , King of Spain
y-
1810 85
1817 78
1817 '78
1818 77
1818 77
1819 76
1819 76
1826 69
11826 69
il826 69
1827 68
1828 67
VI. d.
9 29
5 7
5 ..
8 22
6 6
7 7
2 13
8 28
3 21
3 14
5 23
8 7
1829 66 11 10
1830 65
1830 65
183164
1832 63
1835 60
183y 56
1840 55
1841,54
1842*53
1844 51
1844 51
1845 50
1846 '49
1848 '47
1848 47
1848^47
185144
1852 43
1859 36
4 24
4 13
8 2
7 3
8 21
8 19
2 26
2 23
3 8
9 17
4 26
7
1859
1863
1865
1868
1868 127
'1876 19
1880 15
18861 9
3
3
4
19
12
9
4
11
4
11 11
14
6
18
1
14
The royal and impei'ial personages who died in 1895 were Reigning Prince Waldemar, of Lippe-
Detmold; Archdukes Albert and Ladislas. of Austria; Grand Duke Alexis Michaelovitch, of Russia;
Elizabeth, wife of the Hereditary Grand Duke of Oldenburg; the Dowager Princess of Battenberg,
Cardinal Prince Lucieu Bonaparte, Lucien Napoleon Bonaparte Wyse, Ismail Pacha, ex-Khedive of
Egypt; Meuelek, King of Abyssinia; AbuBakar, Sultan of Johore, and the Crown Prince of Siam.
^ COST OF THE BRITISH ROYAL FAMILY.
The annuities paid by the British people to the royal family for its support are as follows: The
Queen, $1,925,000; Prince of Wales, $200,000; Princess of Wales, $50,000; Dowager Empress Frederick of
Germany, $40,000; Duke of Edinburgh, $50,000; Princess Christian, $30,000; Princess Louise, $30,000;