plication of the latter to Nautical As*
tronomy — the theory of Projection —
and the theory of Curved lines and
Surfaces. Their subsequent studies
usually embrace a portion of the Dif-
ferential Calculus.
The senior classes continue the
Differential Calculus in lessons taken
from Young and from Bonnycastle's
Geometry, concluding the course of
pure Mathematics with the Integral
Calculus, the theory of which is taken
from Young, and the examples, from
Peacock.
There is, moreover, a class of Mix-
ed Mathematics, for such of the more
advanced students as choose to pursue
it; which consists of parts of Ventu-
roli's Mechanics, the first book 6(
Laplace's Mecanique Celeste, and of
the applications of the principles there
given to various problems.
And, lastly, there is attached to this
school a class of Civil Engineering ;
wherein are taught the first principles
of Descriptive Geometry — of the con-
struction of draughts and plans — of
surveying — and, lastly, of the con-
struction of Roads, Canals, Bridges,
and other public works.
Natural Philosophy. Profes-
sor Patterson. — The course of lec-
tures in this school is divided into
two parts, each of which is followed
by a general written examination of
the students. "The first part treats of
the properties of ponderable bodies,
and includes Statics^ Dynamics, Hy-
drostatics, Hydrodynamics, Pneumat-
ics, Crystalization, Molecular and
Capillary Attraction, Strength and
Stress of Materials, and Acoustics.
The second part comprises Heat, in-
cluding Meteorology and the Steam-
engine, Electricity and Galvanism,
EASTERN VIRGINIA— ALBEMARLE.
121
Magnetism and Electro Magnetism,
Optics, Astronomy.
The text-books used are, Lardner
and Kater's Mechanics, Lardner's
Hydrostatics and Pneumatics, Brew-
ster's Optics, the Treatises on Heat,
Electricity, Galvanism, Magnetism,
and Electro Magnetism, in the Library
of Useful Knowledge, and Herschel's
Astronomy.
As the enactments require only an
acquaintance with arithmetic in order
to enter this school, mathematical de-
monstrations, though not avoided by
the Professor, are not required of the
students of the general class. But the
O
candidates for graduation form a sep-
arate class, and are taught the appli-
cations of elementary mathematics,
(Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonom-
etry,) to Natural Philosophy. The
application of the higher calculus be-
longs to the school of Mathematics.
The Apparatus provided for the
school of Natural Philosophy is very
extensive and complete, and thus ena-
bles the Professor to illustrate every
part of his course by experiments in
the presence of his class. An Obser-
vatory, with its appropriate astrono-
mical instruments, is also attached to
this school.
Chemistry and Materia Medi-
ca. Professor Emmet. — There are
two classes in this school ; one of
Chemistry, to which there are lec-
tures given twice a week, and the
other of Materia Medica and Phar-
macy, to which is given a lecture
once a week throughout the session.
In the Chemical lectures, all the
important applications of the science
to the mechanic arts, agriculture and
domestic economy are noticed, and,
when practicable, illustrated by ex-
periment. In the lectures on earths
and metals, the appropriate minerals
are exhibited and noticed with refer-
ence to the sciences of Mineralogy
and Geology. At the close of the
history of inorganic matter, the atomic
theory and the laws of definite pro-
16
portions are fully explained and ex-
emplified. The latter part of the
course is occupied with the chemistry
of organic substances, and it compri-
ses the history, analysis and proper-
ties of each substance : to which are
added general views of the connexion
between Chemistry and the physiolo-
gy of animals and vegetables.
In the lectures on Materia Medica
and Pharmacy, the subjects are treat-
ed in the following order: — The ope-
rations of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical
preparations, the effect which the
combining of different substances has
on their medicinal properties, the dif-
ferent classifications of the Materia
Medica, and lastly, its several articles
treated alphabetically.
There is attached to this school, a
very extensive apparatus and a labo-
ratory, in which the students are oc-
casionally permitted to see the opera-
tions, and to perform experiments. A
free use is made of the black-board in
these as in almost all the other classes
in the University.
Medicine. Professor Ma gill. —
The subjects taught in this school are
Physiology, Pathology, Therapeu-
tics. Obstetrics and Medical Jurispru-
dence. The last forms a distinct
class, and comprehends other stu-
dents in addition to those of Medicine.
A full course of lectures is delivered
on each of the above branches. Dun-
glison's Human Physiology is the
text-book on that subject ; in Patholo-
gy and the practice of Medicine,
Eberle's Practice of Medicine is re-
commended ; in Obstetrics, Burns, or
Dewees, or Gooch ; and in Medical
Jurisprudence, Beck or Ryan.
Anatomy and Surgery, Pro-
fessor Warner. — In Anatomy, the
lectures are delivered from Subjects,
with which the school is regularly
supplied. The text-book is Horner's
Special Anatomy. In Surgery, the
text -book is Cooper's First Lines.
This and the two preceding schools
constitute the Medical Department of
122
EASTERN VIRGINIA— ALBEMARLE.
the University: and the candidates for
the degree of "Doctor of Medicine,"
must pass examination in them all.
An extensive Museum is attached to
this department. It possesses one
advantage, at least, over the other
Medical Schools in the United States
in having a session of more than ten
months, instead of one of about four.
A full course of lectures in the
Medical Department of this Univer-
sity, is considered as equivalent to a
full course in both the Philadelphia
and Baltimore Schools : so that a stu-
dent with a certificate from this Uni-
versity of having attended a full course
of lectures here, is entitled to stand
for graduation at either of the above
named schools, after having attended
all the lectures there delivered for one
session only.
Moral Philosophy. Professor
Tucker. — There are two classes in
this school. The Junior Class stu-
dies Rhetoric, Belles-Lettres and
Logic, the first half of the session,
and Belles-Lettres and Ethics, the last
half.
The Senior, studies Mental Philos-
ophy, the first part of the session, and
Political Economy the last. The ex-
animations are on the Professor's lec-
tures, Brown's Philosophy, Say's Po-
litical Economy, and Adam Smith.
In the Junior Class, the examina-
tions are on the Professor's Lectures,
Blair's Lectures, Campbell's Rhe-
toric, Stewart's Active and Moral
Powers.
There are also in this school, lec-
tures on logic and general grammar.
Law. Professor Davis. — In this
school are taught the Law of Nature
and Nations, the Science of Govern-
ment, Constitutional Law, the Com-
mon and Statute Law, Equity, and
Maritime and Commercial Law.
This school is divided into two
classes. The text-books studied by
the junior class, are Vattel's Law of
Na ture and of Nations, the Federal-
ist, the Virginia Report of '99, and
Blackstone's Commentaries. Those
studied by the senior, are Coke upon
Littleton, (Thomas's edition,) Stephen
on Pleading, Starkie on Evidence,
(the first vol.) Toller on Executors,
Chitty on Contracts, Bayley on Bills,
Fonblanque's Equity, and Mitford's
Pleadings , to which it is proposed to
add a treatise on Commercial and
Maritime Law.
On these books, prelections are de-
livered by the Professor, in which it
is his object to supply what is defi-
cient and explain what is obscure in
the text, to refer in connection with it
to the leading cases and authorities,
American and English, illustrative of
the topic under consideration, and
generally, to offer such comments as
he deems necessary to its thorough
understanding. In these prelections,
the statute law of Virginia and the
United States, and its effects on the
pre-existing law are particularly ex-
plained. Each prelection is preceded
by an examination on the last togeth-
er with its text.
On government, and on various to-
pics of National, Constitutional and
Municipal Law, not discussed in the
text-books, lectures are delivered; on
which also, the class are examined.
Students not wishing to study Mu-
nicipal Law, can enter for that por-
tion only of the junior course, which
embraces National Law, Government
and Constitutional Law; which por-
tion, those wishing to study Muni-
cipal Law only, can if they choose
omit.
The students of this school have
instituted a Law Society, at the meet-
ings of which the Professor presides.
In it, questions connected with the
studies of the school are discussed,
fictitious cases litigated in the form of
regular pleadings, and the issues pro-
duced decided in the appropriate mode,
and the members exercised in convey-
ancing by having to prepare and sub-
mit to the Society the necessary deeds
to effectuate supposed agreements, &c.
EASTERN VIRGINIA— ALBEMARLE.
123
Religious exercises are performed
at the University every Sunday, by a
Minister of the Gospel, residing - there,
whose services are rendered on the
private invation of the Professors, Of-
cers and Students.
Examinations. — There are two
public examinations of all the stu-
dents, each session, the one at such
convenient time about the middle of
the session as the Faculty shall ap-
point, the other at the close of the ses-
sion.
These are thus conducted. The
Professor of the School prepares, in
writing, a series of questions to be
proposed to his class, and affixes to
them numerical values, according to
his estimate of their relative difficulty.
On the assembling of the class for ex-
animation, these question are for the
first time presented to them ; and they
are required to answer them in writ-
ing, in a prescribed time, without
communication with one another or
with other persons, and without any
reference to books. Their answers
are subsequently carefully examined
and compared, and a value attached
to each, not exceeding that of the cor-
responding question. In the schools
of languages, subjects may also be se-
lected for oral examination, and the
values of these exercises are marked
at the time.
The students are then arranged in-
to four divisions, according to the
merit of their examinations, as deter-
mined by the following method. The
numerical values attached to all the
questions are added together, and also
the values ot the answers given by
each student. If this last number
amounts to three-fourths of the first,
the student is ranked in the first di-
vision ; if it be less than three-fourths
and as much as one-half, in the se-
cond; if less than one-haif and as
much as a fourth, in the third; if less
than a fourth, in the fourth division.
The examinations are conducted and
the results acertained by a committee,
consisting of the professor of the
school and two other professors.
The standing of each student at the
examinations is communicated to his
parent or guardian : and the names of
those who are in the first divisions
are announced on the public day, at
the close of the session, and published
in one or more of the newspapers of
the state.
Degrees. — Three honarary dis-
tinctions are conferred in this Institu-
tion : a Certificate of Proficiency —
that of Graduate in any School — and
that of Master of Arts of the Univer-
sity of Virginia.
The first, the Faculty may confer
on any student who shall, on exami-
nation, give satisfactory evidence of a
competent acquaintance with any of
those particular branches which, ac-
cording to the regulations, may be
separately attended in a school. The
second, they are authorized to confer
on any student who shall, on exami-
nation, give satisfactory evidence of
his proficiency in the general studies
of any of the schools. And the third,
is obtained by graduation, in the
schools if Antient Lanoriaq-es, Mod-
ern Languages, Mathemetics, Natu-
ral Philosophy, Chemistry, and Mo-
ral Philosophy. But in all cases, to
obtain a diploma, or certificate of pro-
ficiency, the candidate must give the
Faculty satisfactory proof of his abili-
ty to write the English language cor-
rectly.
No particular period of study is
prescribed for the acquisition of these
honors. The student obtains them
whenever he can undergo the rigid
examinations to which the candidates
for them are subjected.
The title of Doctor of Medicine is
conferred on the graduate in the
Medical Department.
On the last day of the session, the
Visitors, Faculty, Officers and Stu-
dents, assemble in the Rotunda, and
the public are invited to attend. On
this occasion, the certificates and di-
124
EASTERN VIRGINIA— ALBEMARLE.
plomas are awarded to the successful
candidates, the results of the exami-
nations are announced, and orations
are delivered, and essays read by Stu-
dents appointed for that purpose.
Expenses, &c. — The expenses
for the session of upwards of 10
months, commencing the 1st of Sep-
tember, and ending the 4th of July
following, are as follows: —
Board, including bed and other
room furniture, washing and
attendance, 8100
Fuel and candles, to be fur-
nished by the Proctor, at
cost, and 5 per cent commis-
sion, estimated, if only one
student in the dormitory, at
$30, — if two students in the
dormitory at 15
Rent of an entire dormitory
$16 ; for half, if occupied by
two students, 8
Use of the library and public
rooms, 15
Fees — if one professor be at-
tended $50 ; if two, each
$30 : if more than two, each
$25 — say, 75
Total, exclusive of books and
stationary, clothing and
pocket money, - - - - $213
In addition to the regular fee,
$20 is paid by students who at-
tend the Senior Class in the school of
Law.
Boarding-houses are provided with-
in the precincts, for the accommoda-
tion of students ; and no student is per-
mitted to board or lodge out of the
precincts, unless in the family of his
parent or guardian, or of some par-
ticular friend, approved by the Facul-
ty. Except, that students above the
age of 20 years, may reside out of the
precincts, in such private boarding-
houses as the Faculty may approve.
Every student resident within the
other available funds, which he shall
have in his possession, or under his
control, in any manner intended to
defray his expenses while at the Uni-
versity, or on his return from thence
to his residence. Nor shall he ma-
triculate, till he shall have deposited a
sum at least sufficient, after deducting
the Patron's commission, two per
cent, to pay for the use of his dormi-
tory and the public rooms, to pay the
fees of the Professors whom he may
design to attend, to pay 3 months'
board to his hotel-keeper, to purchase
the text-books and stationary which
he may want at the commencement,
and $20 on account of fuel and can-
dles, and $10 to cover contingent
charges and assessments against him
for injuries to the buildings, &c,
which two last mentioned sums are
credited in the final settlement of his
accounts. In like manner, he shall
deposit with the Patron all the funds
which he shall receive while a stu-
dent of the University, for the pur-
poses aforesaid. At the end of the
first three months of the session, he
shall deposit enough to pay his board
and other expenses for the next three
months ; and at the expiration of the
second period of three months, he
shall deposit enough to pay his board
and other expenses for the residue of
the session.
Students resident out of the Uni-
versity, are required, on matriculating,
to deposit with the Patron funds suf-
ficient, after deducting the Patron's
commission, to pay the fees of the
Professors whom they propose to at-
tend, the sum charged for the use of
the public rooms, and $10 to cover
contino-ent charges.
The expenses of the students resi-
dent in the University, are limited as
follows: — for board, the use of dormi-
tory and public rooms, and tuition
fees, the sums before stated ; for cloth-
ing during the session, a sum not ex-
ceeding $100; for pocket-money du-
precincts, is required, on matricula-
ting, to deposit with the Patron, all
the money, checks, bills, drafts, and-ring the session, not" exceeding $40;
EASTERN VIRGINIA— ALBEMARLE.
125
for books or stationery, whatever the
parent or guardian may think fit to
allow; for medicine and medical 'at-
tendance whatever may be necessary.
These limits are in no case to be ex-
ceeded, unless under special circum-
stances, the Faculty shall allow it.
Resident students are forbidden to
contract any debts whatsoever ; but
But the privilege so allowed may be
withdrawn by the Faculty, at any
time, when in their opinion it has
been used to the evil example of the
students, and otherwise to the injury
of the Institution.
At the end of every month, a cir-
cular is addressed by the Chairman
of the Faculty to the parent or guar-
for every thing purchased, they arejdian of each student, in which are
forthwith to pay, or to draw upon a stated his absences from the lectures
fund in the hands of the Patron ap-
plicable thereto.
Students, wherever resident, are re-
quired to wear the uniform prescribed
by the enactments ; consisting of cloth
of a dark grey mixture, at a price not
exceeding $6 a yard
he was bound to attend, and other ir-
regularities of which he may have
been guilty, that month ; together
with such information as to the stu-
dent's progress and conduct as it may
be deemed proper to communicate.
Accomplishments. - There are in
The Faculty, at their discretion, the University, teachers of Music,Fen-
may allow any man, of undoubted cing and Dancing, authorized by the
moral character, above the age of 23
years, to attend lectures in any of the
Schools of the University, and to re-
side out of the precincts, exempt from
Faculty to give instruction in those
accomplishments to such students, as
wish to acquire them.
A military corps has been formed
the rules and regulations prescribed by the students, and an instructor ap-
for the government of students : ex-'pointed, for the purpose of learning
cept only, that he shall pay the usual military tactics. One afternoon in
Professors' fees, and the usual com-Jthe week is devoted to these exer-
pensation for the use of the publicises ; but it is at the option of the
rooms, and shall observe all those! student whether he will engage m
laws of the Institution which enjoin them,
respectful and orderly deportment :j
126
EASTERN VIRGINIA— ALBEMARLE.
TABLE, exhibiting the state of the several Schools of the University, from
its commencement.
Number of
Session.
Whole Number
of Matriculates.
Antient
Languages.
Modern
Languages.
in
o
Natural
Philosophy.
Chemistry and
g? MateriaMedica
CO
o
• I— (
2G
IVieaicai
Jurisprudence.
Moral
Philosoph y.
Whole No. of
Tickets Taken.
1st..
1825
123
57
73
73
35
15
314
2d.
1826
177
107
90
98
43
45
16
28
26
453
3d.
1827
128
53
59
62
24
38
16
4
12
18
286
4th.
1827-8
131
48
46
63
30
43
23
2
25
24
327
I 5th.
1828-9
120
39
26
45
33
38
22
11
23
27
291
6th.
1829-30
133
52
39
60
47
42
29
3
34
16
23
345
! 7th.
1830-31
133
5/
46
78
57
37
25
4
23
38
17
382
8th.
1831-32
140
48 :
24 1
64
58
60
41
15
41
i
57
i
29
437
: 9th.
1832-33
158
60
i
23'
78
82
70
38
10
36
4-:
37
476
10th.
1833-34
201
75;
«|
109 j
730i
73
89
497
41
277
49
44
228;
67
323 i
48
249
610
Totals, i
1444
59 6 .
490,!
482|
3921
I
N. B. — The number in the columns of Medical Jurisprudence are those
in addition to the Medical School.
Other information with regard to
the University will be found in the
General Description of Virginia.
Warren, P. Y. situated on the left
bank of James river, at the mouth of
Ballinger's creek, in the southern an-
gle of Albemarle, 25 miles S. S. W.
of Charlottesville, 89 miles N. W. by
W. of Richmond, and 148 from W.
C. — This village was in a flourish-
ing condition till the year 1823, when
it began to decline, and the value of
property in it has since fallen very
much; it was at that time made a de-
pot by the farmers for their staples,
wheat, flour, tobacco, &c. — but they
have since found it more advantageous
to transport their produce to Rich-
mond, through Scottsville. This vil-
lage is beautifully situated, and the
fertility of the surrounding soil, and
grandeur of the landscape are objects
of universal admiration ; the salubrity
of this neighborhood is unsurpassed
in the U. States — It contains several
dwelling houses — one free church —
one common school — two mercantile
stores — two taverns — and one coop-
er' s-shop — Population 50; of whom
two are physicians.
Yancey's Mills, P. O. on the
Rivanna and Rockfish Gap turnpike
between Charlottesville and Staunton,
16 miles from the former, and 24 from
the latter— 138 ms. S. W. by W. from
W. C. and 97 from R. — It contains a
tavern, one mercantile store and a
blacksmith-shop. — Liberty meeting-
house, in the neighborhood, is free for
all denominations.
AMELIA.
Amelia was created by the Legislature in 1734, and formed out of part
of Prince George. It is bounded N. W. by Cumberland, or the Appomat-
EASTERN VIRGINIA— AMELIA.
127
tox: N. by the Appomattox or Powhatan county; N. E. by the Appomattox,
or Chesterfield; S. E. by Namozine creek, or Dinwiddie; S. byNottoway;
and W. by Prince Edward: — Length from S. E. to N. W. 30 miles, mean
width 10 — area 300 square miles. The surface is greatly diversified, the
soil on the hills, poor, and generally much worn, on the bottoms very fertile.
It is drained by various creeks which flow to the N. E. into the Appomat-
tox — Populationin 1820—1 1,106; in 1830, free whites 3,293,— slaves, 7,518,
— free blacks, 2,200 — total, 11,031. — It belongs to the second judicial cir-
cuit, and first district. Taxes paid 1832-3, $3,063 02— in 1833-4, on lots
$38 74— land $1989 25— on 3109 slaves, $777 25—2345 horses, $140
76— 8 studs, $104 00—21 coaches, $52 50— 6 carryalls, $6 00—11 gigs,
$3 35; — Total, $3116 85. Amount expended in the education of poor
children in 1832, $243 74,— in 1833, $C>37 62.
TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c
AMELIA C. H., P. O. 169 miles
from W. and 47 from R. — in N.
Lat. 37° 13' and long. 10° 11' W. of
Washington; on the main Danville
road leading to Richmond. It con-
tains besides the county buildings
several dwelling houses, one tavern,
& several mechanics. Population 40.
Count]/ Courts are held on the
fourth Thursday in every month; —
quarterly in March, May, August,
and November. Judge May holds
his Circuit Superior Courts of Law
and Chancery on the 17 th of April
and September.
Deatonville or Thompson's ta-
vern, P. O. 52 ms. S. W. of R. and
174 from W. — on the Geneto road:
and at the intersection of the roads
leading from Petersburgto Farmville,
— and from Richmond to Prince Ed-
ward, — 54 miles W. of Petersburg,
162 of Farmville, 23 N. E. of Prince
Edward C. H. and 16 E. of Raine's
tavern, on the road leading from Pe-
tersburg to Lynchburg: A road from
Fredericksburg, also comes in here
from the N. W
Dennes' P. O. 55 ms. S. W. of R.
and 177 from W.
Elk Hill P. O. 64 ms. S. W. of
R. and 156 from W.
Finney Mills P. O. 52 ms. S.
W. of R. and 176 from W. 30 ms.
N. of W. from Petersburg, 8 S. E. of
Amelia C. H. 7 E. of Dennisville, 1
N. of the line of Nottoway county,
and 5 W. of BeviFs bridge, across
the Appomattox — Situated on Beaver
pond creek, a small but constant stream;
and one mile N. of Deep creek,- — a
stream large enough to admit batteaux
navigation for 15 miles, from its junc-
tion with the Appomattox; the flour
from Finney mills is carried in wa-
gons to this stream, thence to the Ap-
pomattox, thence to Petersburg. — The
mills take their name from their for-