considerable business annually, 1
cabinet maker, and various other me-
chanics. Population 68 whites, 2 of
whom are physicians, and 12 color-
ed, — total 80. Much timber is car-
ried in boats and rafts from this place,
down the Big Cacapon to the Poto-
mac, and thence to various markets.
The Cold Stream is one of the best
water courses in the state; on it are
several mill seats and manufactories;
it flows abundantly in the dryest sea-
son, and never freezes in winter. It
empties into the Cacapon river, about
50 yards above the woollen factory
before mentioned. The bottom and
level lands in this neighborhood are
fertile, producing corn, wheat oats,
rye, &c, and are improved by clover
and plaster. The country around is
somewhat mountainous, generally
high and rocky. Six miles N. of
this place is the famous Ice mountain
spoken of in the general description
of Virginia in the first part of the
work. The mountain is situated
near North river, and on the north
west side of the mountain. By re-
moving the stones for a about a foot
below the surface, ice may be had in
any quantity in the dryest and hot-
test season of the year.

Dillon's Run,' P. O. 179 ms. N.
W. of R. and 100 N. W. of W., sit-
uated 16 miles E. of Romney, the
county seat

Frankfort, P. O. 203 ms. from
R. and 124 ms. N. W. by W. of W.,
situated near the right bank of Pat-
terson's creek, in the northern part
of the county. It contains 25 dwel-
ling houses, 1 Episcopalian house of
worship, 3 miscellaneous stores, 2
taverns, 1 manufacturing flour mill,
1 tan yard, 1 saddler, 2 blacksmith
shops, 1 cooper, 1 wagon maker, 1
hatter, 1 chair maker, and 3 boot and
shoe factories. Population 146
whites, including 1 physician, and 13
colored,-^total 159.

Glencoe, P. O. 170 ms. from R.



and 91 N. of W. Glencoe though
called a village, is simply a post office,
at which is kept a mercantile store
of considerable notoriety. It is situ-
ated on the road leading from Win-
chester to Romney, 19 ms. from the
former, and 25 from the latter. In
the vicinity on the great Cacapon are
situated 2 extensive manufacturing
flour mills, an iron forge, in great
repute, 2 tan yards, several wagon
makers, and blacksmith shops; and
various other mechanics in the neigh-
borhood. W T ithin 10 ms. of this
place are situated the celebrated Ca-
pon Springs, which are famed for
the medical qualities of their waters.
The accommodations are comfortable
and convenient, and there are gener-
ally in the summer months from 50
to 70 boarders, who resort to these
springs for health and pleasure. The
country around is extremely rough
and mountainous. The great Caca-
pon at its head, takes the name of
Lost river, from the fact that it dis-
appears, and after taking a subterra-
neous passage for some considerable
distance, is seen again. When this
stream is high great quantities of
lumber are conveyed to Harper's
Ferry, Georgetown, Washington
Cit}^, and Alexandria. Some years
since the Cacapon and North river
company was created with a view of
making these streams navigable.
Five miles distant from this place,
there is an extensive vineyard, be-
longing to Gen'l Lockhart, in a flou-
rishing condition, the wine of which
is said for flavor and richness, nearly
to equal any imported. He manu-
factured in each of the successive
years of 1832-3, from 5 acres, 30
barrels. The different religious de-
nominations in this section are Pres-
byterians, Baptists and Methodists.

Hanging Rock, P. O. 182 ms.
from R. and 103 S. W. by W. of W.,
situated 28 ms. W. of Winchester,
and 15 E. of Romney, the county
seat. Hanging Rock post office de-



WESTERN VIRGINIA— HAMPSHIRE.



359



rives its name from a large rock that
projects or hangs over the road, pass-
ing through a gap of the North river
mountain, where the northwestern
turnpike road, lately located from
Winchester to the Ohio river, now
passes. This Rock is situated about
a fourth of a mile on the E. side of
the North river, a stream navigable
for rafts, boats, &c. It empties into
great Cacapon, 14 ms. N. E. of this
place. The post office was first es-
tablished near the rock, but has been
twice moved, — its present location is
2£ miles west of the rock. In the
vicinity there are 2 houses of public
worship, (1 Methodist called Hang-
ing Rock Meeting House, the other
free for all denominations, called
Ziorfs Church,) 1 manufacturing
flour mill, and 1 grist mill. Two
miles below the rock, on a small
stream emptying into North river, 4
miles above this place, are 2 grist and
1 oil mill, and carding machine. The
lands on North river are generally
fertile and productive, and those lying
between North river and South
Branch of Potomac, are mostly brok-
en and hilly, but where well cultiva-
ted are tolerably productive. The
turnpike crosses 3 considerable moun-
tains, viz. North river, Sandy ridge,
and Dillon's mountains.

Little Cacapon, river and P.O.
188 ms. from R. and 109 from W.
The P. O. is situated 1 mile W. of
Little Cacapon river, 14 N. E. of
Romney, and 7 E. of Springfield, at
the Sulphur Springs, on the Spring-
field road. The water of this spring
is strongly impregnated with mine-
rals, is pleasant to the taste, and is
somewhat noted for its salubrious
efficacy. At this spring there is a
natural mound, composed of rock
and earth, about 20 feet in height and
60 in circumference at its base; with
the main post road passing on one
side, and a small stream of water on
the other. This mound invariably
attracts the attention of the passing



traveller, being unconnected with any
other high ground, and loaded with
a growth of large timber. There
has been lately erected here a house
of entertainment. Little Cacapon
has its source in the Grassy Lick, on
Stoney mountains, in the southwest
part of the county, runs northeast 50
miles, and after receiving numerous
tributaries, empties into the Potomac
river. — -This stream was declared a
public highway by an act of the Vir-
ginia Legislature in 1832, and is
navigable for boats, rafts, &c. 20 ms.
from its mouth. The soil on this
creek is of good quality, producing
well wheat, corn, rye, oats, &c.
There are 1 manufacturing flour mill,
7 saw and 5 grist mills, located on
this stream ; and in its vicinity are 3
houses of public worship, (2 Baptist
and 1 Presbyterian.) The uplands
in the neighborhood are slate soil,
and when first cleared produce good
wheat, corn, &c. The mountains
and hills abound in pine of the best
quality. The principal mountains
are Spring Gap and Little Capon
mountains on the east, — and Town
Hill mountain on the west, running
parallel with the stream.

North River Mills, P. O. 178
ms. from R. and 99 from W.

North River Meeting House,
P. O 194 ms. from R. and 115 N.
W. by W. of W.

Paddytown, P. V. 214 ms. from
R. and 135 N. W. by W. of W.
This small but romantic village con-
tains 6 dwelling houses, 1 mercantile
store, 1 manufacturing flour mill; and
there are in the immediate vicinity, 1
forge and furnace. It is situated up-
on the banks of the North Branch of
Potomac river, between Knobley,
New Creek and Alleghany moun-
tains, commanding a beautiful pros-
pect of the latter, which lies within
one and a half mile distant : — Queen's
Point and Slim Bottom Hill. Queen's
Point is remarkable for the magnifi-
cent aspect, which is here presented



360



WESTERN VIRGINIA— HAMPSHIRE,



to the spectator. This Point over- /cavity is rather small to make it prac-
looks the river, and is upwards of ridable for persons to pass through.)
600 feet high, the extremity or top of It thereby gives the cold northern



which is decorated with a large pro
jeering rock upwards of 100 feet in



winds free access, which naturally
freezes the water in winter, and the



"height. Through this rock which! cavity serves as an icehouse, during
is about 200 feet in width there is a the summer. "here is also a similar



kind of avenue or alley, thro' which
visitors generally pass. This point
is a place of considerable resort, dur-
ing the summer season, and derives
its name from the circumstance of a
traveller by the name of Queen, hav-
ing attempted to pass by the foot path,
which leads around the base of the
rock, upon horseback, but the feet of



cave on the land of Janney's heirs,
whence their issues a perpetual
breeze which is extremely cold.
This spot has a small house built
over it and is occupied as a milk
house. There is in this vicinity on
the lands of J. Singleton, a Salt
spring, from which there has been
several barrels of good salt manufac-



the animal slipping he was precipi-tured
tated with his rider over the prcci-j KOMNEY, P. V. and seat of jus-
pice, and both were killed. ! tice, on the right bank of the South

Slim Bottom Hill is also a place! Branch of Potomac, 195 ms. from R.
of some resort, and from its novelty| 116 N. N. W. of W., 39 ms. in a
deserves to be partially noticed. The
most conspicuous part of this place
is a large prominent projecting rock
which overhangs the river, the height



similar direction from Winchester,
and 28 S. of Cumberland in Mary-
land, situated in lat. 49° 20' N. and
lomr. 1° 42' W. of W. C. Popu-



of which is about 90 feet. This lation in 1830, 346, of whom 100

rock appears to have been at one time' were colored persons.

connected with the opposite rock on! County Courts are held on the 4th

the Maryland side. This general: Hon day in every month : — Quarter-

opinion is derived from their similar- \ly in March, June, August and No-

ity, and the fact of their being so near vembcr.

in contact, the river only separating Judge Parker holds his Circuit

them. There are several other natu-! Superior Court of Law and Chance-

ral curiosities immediately in thevi-lry on the 28ih of April and 12th

cinity of this village worthy of no-' September.



tice ; amongst others is a cavern or
cave, upon the side of Martin 1 s Hill,



Siterrard's Store, P. O.
ms. from R. and 95 from W.



174



(another noted point not much short of Sheetz's Mill, P.O. 205 ms. from
one thousand feet high,) from whence! R. and 126 N. W. by W. of W.
there flows a very small stream.! Springfield, P. V. 197 ms. from
This stream in this cave during trie} R, and 118 N. W by W. of W.
summer season produces considerable ' "'his village is situated at the inter-



quantities of excellent ice. This re
markable phenomenon can only be
solved in the following manner. Its
local situation being due north, and
the lower mouth being at the base of
the hill, and ascending gradually a
distance of perhaps 30 or 40 feet be



section of the post roads, leading
from Winchester to the national turn-
pike, (42 ms. from the former and 17
from the latter) and the road leading
from Romney, to Old Town, Md., be-
tween the South and North Branches
of the Potomac river, 1 mile from



low the surface of the earth, neartythe former and 7 from the latter. It
to the. top of the hill, where it again! contains 30 dwelling houses, 2 houses
makes its appearance (though the of public worship, (1 Presbyterian



WESTERN VIRGINIA— HARDY. 361

and I Methodist,) 1 seminary imbly one of the healthiest villages iri
which are taught all the necessary | the Union, surrounded by beautiful
branches of an English education, 2 j mountain scenery, and in the neigh-
mercantile stores, 3 taverns, 1 tan iborhood of forests, well stocked with,
yard, 1 saddler, 3 boot and shoe fac-|wild game, such as deer, turkeys,
tories, 2 smith shops, 2 tailors, 1 j pheasants, squirrels, &c. Population
chair maker, 1 house joiner, and 1 ; 162 persons; of whom 1 is a physi-
wagon maker. Springfield is proba-.cian.



HARDY,

Hardy was created by the Legislature in 1786, and formed from a por-
tion of Hampshire county. It is bounded by Hampshire N. and N. E., She-
nandoah E., Rockingham S. E., Pendleton S., Randolph S. W. and W. and
Alleghany county, of Maryland, N. W. ; its mean length is 42 ms ; breadth
17 and area 714 sq. ms., extending in lat. from 38° 43', to 39° 18' N. and
in long, from 1° 43', to 2° 30' W. of W. C. The surface of Hardy inclines
to the N. E. and is traversed in that direction by the South branch, and sev-
ral other tributaries of the Potomac ; with lateral chains of mountains in-
tervening, which also extend in a similar direction with the rivers. The
surface is much broken, and for the most part very rocky and sterile; but
tracts of excellent land, lie on the streams, and in the mountain vallies. The
mean elevation of the arable land, is perhaps 1000 ft. above the ocean.
There are some valuable banks of iron ore in this county, among these the
one near the Cacapon furnace, about 30 ms. from "Winchester, deserves to
be mentioned. Population in 1820, 5,700 — in 1830, 6,778. This county
belongs to the 14th judicial circuit, and 7th district. Tax paid in 1833,
82,549 64— in 1834, on lots, $34 21— on land, $1,999 81— 607 slaves,
$151 75— 3,837 horses, $230 22— 20 studs, $173 00— 8 coaches, $17 50
3 carryalls, $3 00. Total, $2,609 49. Expended in educating poor chil-
dren in 1832, $332 23— in 1833, $665 87.

TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c.

Federal Hill, P. O. 178 ms. W. house of public worship, free for all
of R. and 125 W. of W. C, situated denominations, 1 English school, 2
in the eastern part of the county. j Bible, 1 tract and 1 temperance socie-

Hazard Forge, P. O. 212 ms. ty, 1 public library well supported, 5
from R. and 145 W. of W. C. mercantile stores, 1 tanyard, 2 sad-

MOOR FIELDS, P. V. and Seat of \dlers, 1 hatter, 3 smith shops, 2 cabi-
Justice, 195 ms. from R. and 128 W. [net makers, 2 house carpenters, 2 boot
of W. C. in lat. 39° 02' N. and long. !and shoe factories, 3 tailors, 1 wagon
2" 02' W. of W. C. This village is 'maker, and 2 milliners. In the vi-
situated on the right bank of the South jcinity are 3 manufacturing flour mills
branch of the Potomac, at the June- and 2 country mills, 2 carding and.
tion of the South fork, in one of the 1 1 fulling and dying machine. Popu-
richest vallies in western Virginia, 50 lation 350 persons ; of whom 3 are ai-
ms, a little S. W. of Winchester. It torneys, and 4 regular physicians
contains besides the usual county' County. Courts are held on the 3$
buildings, 50 * dwelling houses, 1 \Tuesday in every month; — Quarterly
46



362



WESTERN VIRGINIA— HARRISON.



in March, June, August and iVWw-iseveral ms. under ground. This vil-

£ gr= lage was laid off in 1827, and now

Judge Smith holds his Circuit contains 17 dwelling houses, 1 house

Superior Courts of Law and Chan- of public worship, free for all denom



eery on the 21 st of April and Sep
i ember.

Lost River, P. O. 130 ms. W. of
W. C. situated in the eastern part of
the county



inations, 1 common school, 2 taverns*
1 tanyard, 1 saddler, 1 boot and shoe
maker, 2 tailors, 1 wagon maker, 1
chair maker, 1 hatter, 1 house joiner,
1 milliner and mantua maker, 1 stone



Luney's Creek, P. O. 201 ms. jmason, and 1 smith shop. Popular
from R. and 141 W. of W., situated Ition 75 persons; of whom 1 is a phy-
10 ms. W. of Moor Field. jsician. In the vicinity of this place,

Trout Run, or WARDENsviLLE,:are 2 manufacturing flour mills, and
Election Precinct and P. V. 180ms.]4 iron works, 2 forges for manufac-
from R. and 101 W. of W. This ture of bar iron, and 2 furnaces for
village is situated on Trout Run, making pig iron and castings. War-
which here unites with Lost River, densville is situated 28 ms. from Win-
and forms the great Cacapon. The chester, 18 from Woodstock, and equi
great Cacapon is navigable at some distant 26 from the county seats of
seasons of the year, — its principal s Hardy and Hampshire. It is destin-
stream Lost River, rises within 2 ms. jed from its central situation, to become
of Wardensville, after having passed [a place of some importance.



HARRISON.

Harrison was created in 1784, and formed from a portion of Mononga-
lia. Tt is bounded N. and N. E. by Monongalia, E. by Randolph, S. by
Lewis, and W. by Wood and Tyler. Its mean length is 50 ms. ; mean
breath 22 and area 1100 sq. ms., extending in lat. from 39° 03', to 39° 35'
N. and in long, from 2° 53' to 3° 55' W. of W. C. The Western branch
of the Monongahela river, enters the southern border of Harrison, and wind-
ing N. N. E. receives from both sides, numerous creeks, which drain the
central and most considerable part of this county. The western part how-
ever declines westward, and is drained by the sources of Middle Island
creek. The surface of the whole county is much broken, but generally fer-
tile. Population in 1820, 10,932—1830, 14,792. It belongs to the 18th
judicial circuit, and 9th district. Tax paid in 1833, $1,616 64 — in 1834,
on lots, $133 21— on land, 1,056 27—339 slaves, $84 75—5,284 horses,
$317 04— 28 studs, $106 00—11 carryalls, $11 00. Total, $1,708 27.
Expended in educating poor children in 1832, $976 13— in 1833, $970 98.

TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c.



Bridgeport, P. O. 266 ms. from
R. and 220 from W., situated 10 ms.

E. of Clarksburg, on Simpson's creek,
a branch of the west fork of the Mo-
nongahela river. The location of the
north western turnpike road runs
through the town of Bridgeport, It



contains 20 dwelling houses, I house
of public worship free for all denomi-
nations, 1 common school, 2 houses of
entertainment, 1 grist and saw mill,
and various mechanics. The situa-
tion of this town is high and healthy,
in a flourishing and densely settled



WESTERN VIRGINIA— HARRISON.



363



part of the county, 1 1 ras. west of
Pruntytown. It contains 14 families
and is improving - .

CLARKSBURG, P. V. and Seat
of Justice, 260 ms. N. W. by W. of
R. and 226 from W. This healthy
and thriving village is situated above,
and S. S. W. of Morgan town, on the
right bank of the Monongahela river,
near the centre of north western Vir-
ginia, at the junction of Elk creek,
with the west fork of the Monongahela,



Superior Court of Law and Chancery
on the 3d of May, and October.

Hoffsville. P. O. 253 ms. from
R. and 236 W. of W.

Lewisport, P. V. 290 ms. from R.
and 256 from W., situated 35 ms. W.
of Clarksburg, and 25 both from
Weston and Middlebourn, county seats
of Lewis and Tyler, on the main stage
road, at the point, at which it crosses
Middle Island creek. This creek is
a beautiful stream, which empties into



about 100 ms. by the post road south the Ohio; it is 75 yards wide, and
of Pittsburg, 250 W. of Baltimore, [navigable from its mouth to this place,
and 70 E. of the Ohio river. It is a! Lewisport contains 8 dwelling houses,
corporate town and well built; con- ; 1 Baptist house of Avorship, 1 common
taining besides the usual county build- 1 school, 1 mercantile store, 2 taverns,
ings, 100 dwelling houses, 1 Metho-i 1 manufacturing flour mill, and seve-



dist house of worship, 2 common
schools, a temperance, bible and Sun-
day school society, 9 mercantile



ral mechanical establishment. Pop-
ulation 50 persons; of whom 1 is a
physician. This village is surround-



stores, a grist and an oil mill, 1 print-led by endless quantities of valuable
ing office which issues a weekly pa- J timber, — the neighborhood abounds



per, 1 tanyard, 3 saddlers, and all oth
er mechanics usual or necssary for an
inland town. There is a chalybeate
spring, whence issues a never failing
stream of highly medicinal water.
This village stands on a rolling table
land, surrounded by an amphitheatre
of hills, ranging in distance from a



with stone coal and limestone; and
many excellent sites for manufacto-
ries. Wheat, rye, oats and timothy,
are the principal products. The face
of the country is uneven, but the soil
rich.

Milford. 265 ms. from R, and 233
from W. This village is pleasantly



mile, to a few hundred yards. Elk j situated on the north bank of the west



Run meadering through and around
the town, adds additional beauty to
the scene. Clarksburg is furnished
with inexhaustible supplies of coal in
its immediate neighborhood ; and



fork of the Monongahela river, 8 ms.
S. S. W. of Clarksburg. It contains
15 dwelling houses, 1 house of public
worship, (Methodist) 1 house of pub-
lic entertainment, 1 miscellaneous



being situated in the midst of a large \ store, 1 tanyard, 1 boot and shoe ma-



and flourishing county, possessed of
valuable arable lands and great mine-
ral wealth in its iron, salt, <fcc. and
being near the centre of N. W. Vir-
ginia, — it may hope in time to become
a place of considerable importance.
Its present population is 700 persons;
of whom 20 are attorneys, and 4 reg-
ular physicians.

County Courts are held on the 3d
Monday, in every month: — Quar-
terly in March, June, August and
November.



ker, 1 gun smith, 1 house carpenter,
1 cooper, 1 grist and 1 saw mill. The
land in the immediate vicinity of this
village is level, but that of the sur-
rounding country is somewhat motui
tainous; but not so precipiious as to
preclude its cultivation, to the very
summit. The soil is generally good,
the bottoms being a heavy soil, suited
for meadow lands. The hills are
generally a loose black soil, and very
fertile. The products. are wheat, In-
dian corn, rye. oats, flax, hemp and



Judge Duncan holds his Circuit various kinds of pulse and vegetables.



364



WESTERN VIRGINIA— HARRISON.



The lands are peculiarly adapted to' the Ohio river. The West Fork river
raising- cattle, which is one of the' at this place, is 350 ft. wide, passes in
principal staples of this county. Pop-! a gentle current, and is navigable at
ulation 61,— the odd one being a slave.! high water. It empties into the Ty-
The neighborhood is thickly settled,! gart's Valley river, 14 ms. below this
and bids fair to be a thriving coun- village — the two forming the Monon-
try, should a market ever open to this gahela of Virginia and Pennsylvania,
place. The post office has lately been Steam-boats might come to this place,
moved from Milford to Lost creek ; on ; if there were no obstructing mill dams,
the opposite side of the river. j The surrounding country is hilly and

New Salem, P. O. 240 ms. Yi- of extremely broken, but exceedingly
W. C. and 274 from R. ' well timbered with oak, shell bark,

Prunty Town, P. V. 276 ms.' hickory, poplars (120 ft. high,) black
from R. and 209 N. W- by w. of W- 1 locust, honey locust, sugar maple,
situated near the ferry across Tygarfs black walnut, butter nut, beach, cot-
Valley river, 18 ms. N. E. by E. of ton wood, cypress, sycamore, birch,
Clarksburg. It contains 18 dwelling lynn; and affords an abundance of
houses, 1 Methodist and I Baptist gensang, snake root, &c. The coun-
house of worship, 1 common school, try around is thickly settled, and the
3 miscellaneous stores, 1 tavern, 1 pursuits of the inhabitants are agri-
tanyard, 2 saddlers, 2 boot and shoe culture, grazing, and raising cattle,
factories, 1 hatter, 1 tailor, 2 smith! and furnishing of lumber for the va-
shops, 1 gun smith, and 1 cabinet ma-| rious markets. The neighborhood of
ker. Population 110. The surround-: Shinnton in geological language
ing country is somewhat broken, but; would be called a secondary formation,
the soil is good, and well adapted to; based on calcarious and clay shist
the grazing of cattle: and growing rocks, abounding in iron ore, and bi-
every species of small grain. tuminous coal: the latter unusually

Shinnston, P. V. 270 ms. from R. abundant, — several strata being dis-
and 236 w. of w. C. This village posed one above the other, in the same
was laid off in the year 1817 by the hill. The strata are usually 10 feet
Rev. Asa Shinn and brothers, and in- deep, of excellent coal. The substra-
corporatedbyactof Asseinby the same turn of earth is also, generally about
year. It is situated on the right bank' 10 ft. deep, composed of a yellow al-
ofthe West Fork river, on a beautiful; luminous clay, very suitable for potte-
plain, containing about 30 acres of ry and brick. The super stratum is
land, 15 ft. above high water mark,|a rich vegetable mould, about one
8 ms. N. E. of Clarksburg, and 30 foot deep, which if well cultivated,
S. W. of Morgantown. | produces excellent hemp, flax, maize',

The improvements are 18 dwelling! wheat, sweet and Irish potatoes. Or-
houses, 1 house of public worship, chards are nurtured with care, and
free for all denominations, 1 common apples celebrated for size and flavor;
school, 2 miscellaneous stores, 1 wag-' peaches, plums, pears, pawpaws and