Electronic library


read the book
eBooksRead.com books search new books russian e-books
Lewis Bayles Paton.

A critical and exegetical commentary on the Book of Esther

. (page 26 of 38)


THE KING OFFERS TO GRANT ANY REQUEST, BUT ESTHER ASKS

ONLY THAT HE AND HAMAN WILL COME THAT

DAY TO A BANQUET (5^-^.

3. And the King said to her, Whatever thou dost wish, Queen
Esther]. Lit. whatever is to thee. In Jos. 1518 this is used of a
desire and is so understood here by the Vrss. — And whatever thy
petition is\ A clearer statement of the thought of the preceding
clause. The King recognizes that only a pressing need can have
led Esther to run the risk of coming unsummoned. [®' + Even
if thou dost ask] as much as half of the kingdom, it shall he given
thee.] Cf. 5« 7^ 9'=. This is a polite formula, Hke the Oriental
"take it for nothing," that is not meant to be understood too lit-
erally, cf. Her. ix. 109, where Xerxes offers to give Artaynte what-
ever she asks, and is much distressed when she takes him at his
word; also Salome's request of Herod (Mk. 6^^). The construc-
tion is elliptical to express the King's haste in reassuring Esther.



234 ESTHER

[©' + Except the rebuilding of the House of the Sanctuary, which
stands in the border of half of my kingdom, I cannot grant, for so I have
promised with an oath to Geshem the Arabian, Sanballat the Horonite,
and Tobiah the Ammonite, the slave, that I would not permit it to be re-
built; for I am afraid of the Jews, lest they rebel against me. This re-
quest then I cannot grant thee, but whatever else thou shalt ask of me, I
will decree that it shall be done for thee immediately, and that thy de-
sire shall be granted.]

4. And Esther said, [(IL -f To-day (to-morrow) is a notable day
for me.] If it seems good to the King, let the King and Ha man
[L IC -f- his friend] come to-day to the banquet which I have prepared
for him.] That Esther should thus postpone her request, when
the King was in good humour, is psychologically most improbable.
Instead of asking for the life of the Jews, she asks only that he
will come to a banquet. At the banquet she still refuses to pre-
sent her petition (5'). Not until a second banquet does she speak
out (7^*^). The older comm. suppose that she wished to make
the King merry with wine before she offered her request, or that
she desired greater privacy, or that Haman was not present, and
that she needed him for the denoilm&nt. These explanations are
all unsatisfactory. The true reason for Esther's delay is purely
literary ; the author needs time for the humiliation of Haman and
the exaltation of Mordecai before the final blow falls. Why
Haman should be invited with the King is hard to see. Such an
invitation would only rouse suspicion, and his presence might
counteract all of Esther's influence. Lyr. thinks that it was to
rouse the jealousy of the other princes of Persia who were not in-
vited. Meg. 156 gives twelve explanations offered by the rabbis.
No one of them commanded general assent. Even the prophet
Elijah could not tell Rabba b. Abuhu the reason. Here again
the motive is purely literary. The author wishes to heap honours
upon Haman in order to heighten the contrast with his impending
fall.

[212 (v_ 8) _]_ There were three reasons why Esther invited Haman to
supper. The first was that Esther knew that Haman had seen how
Hathakh had been a messenger between Esther and Mordecai ; so Esther
said, I will invite Haman to supper. The second reason was, that she
might uproot hatred from his heart; and then, said she, I will provoke



ESTHER'S REQUEST 235

jealousy between Xerxes and Haman, since the King will say, How
conies it that of all my princes Esther has invited no one but Haman to
supper? The third reason was that Esther said, The eyes of all the
house of Israel are turned upon me, that I may ask King Xerxes to kill
Haman. I will surely invite him to supper, that the hearts of the chil-
dren of Israel may be changed, and that they may turn to their Heavenly
Father and may implore his pity.]

The initial letters of the words let the King and Haman come
to-day spell the divine name mn\ In a few codd. they are written
large to call attention to this fact. Jehring, BuUinger, Gumming,
al. assume that this is intentional, and is designed by the author
to offset his usual avoidance of the name of God ! (see Introduction,
§ 29). On prepare a banquet, see i'- ^- ' 2'8.

5. And the King said [3 + at once], Fetch Haman quickly that
Esther^ s wish may be gratified.'] Lit. for the doing of the word of
Esther {cf. Dn. 8=^). And the King and Haman came to the ban-
quet which Esther had prepared, [L + a costly repast].

3. nS] om. ^ L IC (exc. n <^- "'"» A 44, 71, 936, 106). — nScn] om. JI. —
"I*? no] tL ecTTiv L 7 1 : ri d^Xeis (j^ : quce est postulatio tua 21 : nn is indefinite =â– â– 
'whatever' {cf. Kau. § 137 c; BDB. 553, le). — ipdn] succedaneaet consors
regni mei IC. — n^SDn] om. (ILH (exc. N <:• ^, 936 under*). — inti'iij nni]
ava.yyei\6v /xol L. — n-j'p^] cf. 5«- '■ « 7' 9'^. Only in Est. and Ezr. 76. —
jnj^i] Kal ecrrai (B- xal Troii^crw L: et faciam 51.

4. nnox] ilia Jl: regina 51: + ij/J-ipa ixov ewlariixo% (j-qfiepdv icrriv^: Tjin^pa
eir[a-rjfj.6s ixol aJ/ptop L (IC om.). — 3Vi3-aN] postulatio mea rex^:-\-ob-
secro Jl. — N'n''] in agreement with the nearest subj. bee. preceding,
cf. v. 5. — BTi^ pni I'^C'"' N12''] a few codd. — l^sn om. 3: /cot avrbs (&. 6
/3a<riXei>s i^'^^^s ^^2, io8a, 243, C, Aid., 64, 936: ffi) Lffi. — pni]+6^/Xos
<Tov L: + amicus tuus iG. — -orn] om. K loi, 158, 180, R 562, 593, 667,
850, ^: avpLov L: eras iC. — i*^] ad me 3: om. CSL: apud me 21: ps'^ ®'.

5-8. Winck. (36) deletes as an erroneous repetition of 7'.

5. ^^^:^^i] o"Li» '^ ^•^ g»: om. 21: Pi. 'hasten,' in the sense of 'bring in
haste,' as Gn. iS^ i K. 22' 2 Ch. 188 Est. 61". — pn pn] om. 2i. — nan pn]
Ij^l? f^] B. — -^pdn] regincB 21. — N2M-end of v.^] om. 21. — ?Dni ^SD^]
a.p.(p6Tepoi (& L. — inDx - ntt'N] om. &. — nncj;] direv C6. — ipdn] eis regina
3: -f- SeiTTvov TroXureX^j L (936 under H-): om. 249.



236 ESTHER



AT THE BANQUET THE KING AGAIN OFFERS TO GRANT ANY RE-
QUEST, BUT ESTHER ASKS ONLY THAT HE AND HAMAN
WILL COME TO ANOTHER BANQUET ON THE
FOLLOWING DAY (5"-*).

6. And the King said to Esther during the wine-drinking, What-
ever thy request is, [^ SI' + Queen Esther,] it shall be granted thee;
and whatever thy petition is, [®' + Even if thou dost ask] as much
as half of the kingdom, it shall be done.] After the meal wine-
drinking began (cf. Her. i. 133 ; Est. 7- ' Dn. i^- s). This put the
King in good humour, and he repeated his offer. The language
is almost identical with that of v. ^, q.v.

[S' -f Except the building of the House of the Sanctuary, which stands
in the border of half my kingdom, I cannot grant thee, because I have
promised with an oath to Geshem the Arabian, Sanballat the Horonite,
and Tobiah the Ammonite, the slave, that I would not permit it to be
rebuilt, lest the Jews may revolt against me.] [Jos. + But she put off
the stating of her petition to the next day.]

7. And Esther said [SF' -f I do not ask for half of the kingdom
as] my request and [SI' + I do not ask for the building of the House
of the Sanctuary as] my petition; [Jl + they are these.] Esther
starts to tell the King what is in her heart, My request and my
petition — then suddenly recollecting herself, or changing her mind,
she resolves to put the matter off to another day.

8. [SI^ + And Esther answered, O King,] if I have obtained the
King^s favour, and if it seems good to the King to grant my request
and to accede\ to my petition]. The usual formula for presenting a
matter to the monarch (cf. i'" 3' 5' 7' 8^). — Let [(^ codd. -|- my
lord] the King and Haman come [^ L -f to-morrow also] to the
banquet which I will prepare for them, and to-morrow I will do as
the King wishes]. This delay in presenting her petition is even
more unlikely than her previous unwillingness to tell the King
what she wanted (v. "). Whatever reasons may then have caused
her to wait, existed now no longer, and a second banquet could
be no more favourable occasion than the first. The reason for
the delay is that the author needs time for the disgrace of Haman.



HAMAN PLANS TO HANG MORDECAI 237

6. om. 1C. — -inDN*^] ei 3: om. 44, 106. — nna'!32] postquam biberat ahun-
danter J: om. L. — T'ti] om. 05 L (exc. N cams:, gT^h under *). — nn] +
iffTiv ^airlXia-a-a ^Ecrd^p 05: + effri aoi ^acriXiffaa ^EcrOrip 52, 64, 74, 106,
120, 243, 248, C, Aid.: + 17 ^acriXicra-a L: + cot ^Effdiqp 44. — inSNtt'] om.
eg (exc. N c- a "ng, 936 Under *) : rb d^\r)fj.d aov L. — jHidSch - pjii] om. ®
(exc. N e. amg^ g^J Under *). — iS |nj''i] om. L: om. ^ B. — ^nu'|t3 nri]
orTTjcat L (xai tI t6 d^iufid trov 93a). — B*;?'?.i] KaJ efrrat (o-oi) Sera d|iors
05 L: >«"i\ u£oi«i.^Z ^. iV^/»/^. impf. of the jussive form in pause (c/.
Kau. I 109/.). So also 72 912.

7. om. iC. — nrON] om. 05 (exc. A 44, 936, 106). — icnpi] om. 3(IL. —
^ncp^i] /Cairo d|t'w/tia 05 (+ p-ov N AN L 71, 74, 76, 93, 243, 248, C, Aid.):
om. 44, 106.

8. om.Sj. — TJ'J] sf^JSi^O ^:ivd}iriov(S:ivavT'i,ovA'Li. — ■i':'Ci](roi;)3a<rt-
XeO L. — ips'pj - ax] om. 05 (exc. n <=• " "'s '"^ 936 *). — Sy] j -^^ &. — nrS]
'KZZy s*lk &. — ma-ySi] w^ ,_ci^o §. — N131] + 6 idipibs p.ov 44, 71, 74,
76, 106, 120, 236. — |cni] -|- in T7}v aijpiov 05: + ^ttI tt]i> aijpiov A 52, 64,
248, C, Aid.: + Kal tt) atipiop L. — Pnt:i] om. 1 ^. — nfj-N] om. &. — ^313]
rd avrd ®: koto, ra aiird L: /card TaOra 44, 71, 74, 76, 106, 120, 236. —
n^'cn «] om. (S L.



HAMAN PLANS TO HANG MORDECAI (S^'O-

9. [L + And the King said, It shall be done as thou wiliest.]
And Haman went out that day [($ ST' + from the King] glad and
good-natured, [Jos. + because he alone was asked to sup with the
King at Esther's banquet, and because no one else received such
honour at the hands of kings.] The reason for Haman's joy is well
stated by Jos. {cf. v. '2). On good-natured, cf. i'" i S. 25=6. — [IC +
And there were 300 men with him and they all worshipped him,
but Mordecai would not worship him.] And as soon as Haman
saw Mordecai [C^ + the Jew] [^ J + sitting] [®i + and the chil-
dren busying themselves with the precepts of the Law in the san-
hedrin, which Esther had made for them] in the King^s gate].
Mordecai has returned to his old place (cf. 2»s- 21 32 f. ^u 510. 12)^
This means that he has heard of Esther's successful entry to the
King, and has put off his sackcloth in confidence that all is going
well. — While he [©' + Mordecai] neither rose up [©' + before his
idol] nor trembled before him, [Ul' + but, with the palm of his right
hand extended, showed him the deed of sale by which he had sold
himself to him for a loaf of bread, wherein was written on leather



238 ESTHER

the defect that he had in his knee; immediately his wrath waxed
great,] and Haman was full of fury against Mordecai.] In spite
of all the trouble that it has brought upon the Jews, Mordecai
still persists in his insolent behaviour toward Haman (cf. 32).
No wonder that Haman is angry, since even his edict of destruc-
tion has failed to humble this man.

10. And Haman restrained himself and went to his house
[% + sad]. This delay in taking vengeance upon Mordecai is just
as unnatural as is Esther's delay in taking vengeance upon Haman.
The author wishes to keep the reader in suspense as long as possi-
ble, and to give Haman time to devise an exceptional penalty for
Mordecai. — And he sent and brought his friends [iC + and his sons]
and Zeresh his [©' -|- wicked] wife, [01' + the daughter of Tatnai,
the prince of the region beyond the river.] [Mid. -f He had 365
counsellors, one for each day of the solar year, but no one could
give such good advice as Zeresh his wife.] The guests are prob-
ably brought to a banquet {cf. 6^*). The friends are the same as
the wise of 6". Like the King, Haman has his council of ad-
visers (cf. I''). Neither Esther nor Haman dares to make a move
in the game of state without consulting experts. On Zeresh,
see pp. 70, 89.

11. And Haman recounted to them the greatness of his wealth,
and [(H' + how he was reckoned among the King's princes, and
how there ran before him] the multitude of his sons [01' + 208 in
number, besides 10 others who were polemarchs over the prov-
inces, and Shammashe who was the King's scribe {cf. Meg. 156);]
and all the ways in which the King had honoured him, [Jos. -\- and
the Queen as well ;] and how he had exalted him above [Vrss. -f all]
the officials and the King's courtiers.'] Cf. 3' ^- where the elevation
of Haman is first described. On his wealth, cf. y, where he is
able to ofifer 10,000 talents for the destruction of the Jews. Ac-
cording to Her. i. 136, those Persians were held in highest honour
who had the largest number of sons. According to 9'", Haman
had ten, but see the addition of 01'. On officials and courtiers,
see i^

12. And Haman [L SI -f boasted and] said: Queen Esther
brought no one with the King to the banquet which she had pre-



HAMAN PLANS TO HANG MORDECAI 239

pared except me, [IC + and the Queen mentioned nobody but me,
and I am his favourite among all his friends, and my seat he has
placed above all others and it is honoured by all ;] and to-morrow
also I am invited by her [®' + to feast] alo7ig with the King.'] It
is most surprising that, in spite of all Esther's dealings with Morde-
cai (2"- 22 4''-i6), Haman has no suspicion that she is a Jewess, but
regards her invitations as tokens of signal favour. Esther must
have dissembled with consummate skill at the first banquet.
The first half of the v. refers, not to the coming banquet (Sieg.),
but to the one just finished. Brought refers to the custom of send-
ing slaves to escort a guest to a feast (5'° 6'^ Lu. 14").

13. But all this fails to satisfy me all the time that I see Mordecai
the Jew sitting [QT' + in the sanhedrin with the young men] in the
King's gate [L IC ^ + and he does not bow down to me.] One
wish ungratified poisons the whole cup of life for Haman. With
all that he has, he cannot be happy until Mordecai is punished
(cf. y 5'). Fails to satisfy me, i.e., lit. is not adequate for me.
Mordecai's race is here well known to Haman {cf. 2^ 6'" 8'). This
makes it all the more surprising that he does not know that Esther
is a Jewess. On King's gate, cf. a'"- ^i 33 59 510. 12,

14. And Zeresh his wife and all his friends said to hi?n:

[L 4- He belongs to the Jewish race. The King has permitted thee
to destroy the Jews, and the gods have granted thee a day of destruction
in order to punish them.] [uJi + If it please thee, let us speak one word
in thy presence. What are we to do to this Mordecai the Jew? If he
be one of the righteous who are created in the world, and we try to kill
him with the sword, the sword will perhaps turn and fall upon us. If
we seek to stone him, once with a stone David slew Goliath the Philis-
tine. If we cast him into a chain of bronze, Manasseh once broke it and
escaped from it. If we throw him into the great sea, the children of
Israel once divided it and passed through its midst. If we cast him into
a furnace of flaming fire, Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah once ex-
tinguished it and went forth from it. If we fling him into a lion's den,
the lions once did Daniel no harm. If we cast him alive to dogs, the
mouth of dogs was once shut in the land of Egypt on account of the chil-
dren of Israel. If we send him into captivity, they were once carried
into captivity and multiplied there. By what penalty then can we kill
him, or what sort of death can be inflicted upon him ? If we cast him
into prison, Joseph was once brought from prison to royal dignity. If



240 ESTHER

a knife be thrust at his throat, the knife was once turned away from
Isaac. If we put out his eyes and let him go, he will kill some of us as
Samson killed the Philistines. We do not know what punishment we
can inflict upon this man unless this: (similarly 01^ Mid., Mid. A. G.).]

Let them prepare a gallows fifty cubits in height [L + and let
it be set up.] They are so sure that the King will give Haman
whatever he wishes that they advise that all be made ready for the
execution of Mordecai. The word tree does not signify stake or
cross but gallows, as is evident from its height {cf. 2'^^). Its enor-
mous size, over 83 feet, is one of the characteristic exaggerations
of the book {cf. i'- *-^ 2'^ 39- 12). — And in the morning speak to the
King [L + about him,] [©' + and let his blood be poured out at
the door of his house,] and let them hang Mordecai upon it, [©' +
that all the Jews and all his companions and friends may see him,
while heaven and earth together behold the gallows which Haman
has prepared for Mordecai.] So Amestris asks Xerxes to kill the
wife of Masistes (Her. ix. no). See also Plutarch, Artax. 14 f,
17, 23. Is it possible that the grand vizier could not put an ob-
scure Jew to death without first obtaining permission from the
King? — Then go merrily with the King to the banquet. 1 Having
destroyed his enemy, there will be no barrier to Haman's perfect
enjoyment of Esther's feast. — And the advice seemed good to Ha-
man and he prepared the gallows [Jos. -|- and gave orders to his
servants to place it in the court for the execution of Mordecai.]
Cf. I" 2\ Mid. here appends a long discussion of God with the
trees as to which one should furnish wood for the gallows.

[(3' + Haman waited impatiently for the morning to go before the
King and ask for the gallows. At this time Haman son of Hamm'^datha
did not put off his garments, nor did he lie down until he had gone and
brought carpenters and smiths ; the carpenters to make the gallows, and
the smiths to forge an iron knife. And the sons of Haman exulted and
rejoiced, and Zeresh his wife played on the lyre with the wicked Haman.
He said also, I will pay wages to the carpenters and I will prepare a feast
for the smiths on account of this gallows. That same hour, when
Haman arose to try the gallows with his own length, there went forth a
daughter-voice from the highest heaven and said to him. It is good,
wicked Haman; and fits thee, son of Hamms^datha.] [Jos. + And God
laughed to scorn the hope of the wicked Haman; and knowing what was



HAMAN PLANS TO HANG MORDECAI 241

about to happen, he was dcUghted that it would be so.] [©' + And from
the day in which Esther invited Haman to the banquet the children of
Israel were distressed, saying thus among themselves: We expect daily
that Esther will ask the King to put Haman to death, but instead of this
she invites him to a banquet. At this same time the whole family of
Jacob poured out their soul, and had faith in their Heavenly Father,
speaking thus: Answer us! Answer all the afflicted! As the eyes of
servants wait upon their masters, and as the eyes of a handmaid wait upon
her mistress, so our eyes wait upon thee until thou wilt appear and de-
liver us. For, behold, an enemy and a foe pursues us and says. Who are
these Jews? Then He hearkened unto the voice of their prayer and
answered their petitions, for every time that He rescued them from their
enemies He rescued them at night, from Pharaoh, and from Sennacherib,
and from all that rose up against them.]

[Jill {T[2-(- "In that night" went forth deliverance to the Jews. "In
that night" Sarah was taken to the house of Abimelech. "In that
night" all the first born of the Egyptians were slain. "In that night"
their oracles were revealed to the Prophets and visions to the dreamers
of dreams. That same night the whole world was shaken, cities and
all their inhabitants; and there was great mourning in all cities, lamenta-
tion and crying in all provinces, young men girding themselves with sack-
cloth, old men and women beating upon their breasts, and all weeping
bitterly and crying with a loud voice: Alas! because we see destruction
upon destruction and breach upon breach. From our first breach we
have not yet recovered, nor is healing restored from our wound, nor have
we received consolation from our sorrow, nor have the afflictions of our
heart departed from us. The city of our fathers lies upon the ground,
and the enemy has closed our Sanctuary, and our foes have trampled our
Temple-courts. Neither Pharaoh nor the Egyptians took counsel against
us after this manner, nor did the kings of the heathen devise plans against
us in this way, that they should be ready against that day to cut us off
from the face of the earth (He who reveals secrets has revealed this
secret to Mordecai that a decree of death has been issued against us,
the house of Israel), nor did they sell us as man servants or as maid
servants.

In that night the sleep of the Holy One, the Supremely Blessed, forsook
him; but if the following Scripture were not written, it would be impossi-
ble to say this, for it is written, "Awake! why sleepest thou. Lord?"
Do not say that, for sleep is never present with Him ; but when the house
of Israel sins. He acts as if He were asleep ; but when they do His will,
"He who keepeth Israel neither slumbers nor sleeps." In that night
the sleep of Mordecai the just also forsook him; for he was awake and
did not lie down ; or if he lay down, he did hot sleep, because the house
of Israel were gathered and sat before him, saying: Thou thyself hast been



242 ESTHER

the cause of all this evil that has come upon us. If thou hadst risen up
before the wicked Haman and hadst done obeisance and hadst paid
homage to him, all this distress would not have come upon us. Mordecai
answered and said to them : The outer garment which Haman wears has
two idols depicted upon it, the one on the front, the other on the back.
If then I should rise up and do obeisance to him, I should be found to
have worshipped idols ; but you yourselves know that he who worships
idols shall perish from this world and shall be excluded from the world
to come. Then they all kept silence before him. In that night sleep
forsook the wicked Haman, for when he was awake, he did not lie down ;
and when he lay down, he could not sleep, from the time when he pre-
pared the gallows on which to hang Mordecai, without knowing that he
was preparing it for himself. In that night sleep forsook the righteous
Esther, because she had prepared food to invite Haman to a feast with
King Xerxes. In that night sleep forsook the foolish Xerxes, for when he
was awake he did not lie down; and when he lay down, he could not
sleep, because a spirit possessed him which possesses kings and disturbed
him the whole night. At length he spoke and addressed his nobles thus:
Whatever I eat does not agree with me, whatever I drink I cannot retain.
The heavens have thundered against me and the heaven of heavens lifts
up its voice. Is it because I have not remitted the tribute which I prom-
ised to remit to the provinces ? Or have Esther and Haman planned to
kill me, because Esther invites no one to the feast with me except
Haman? In that night the memory of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob
came before their Heavenly Father, so that an angel was sent from
the height, Michael himself, the commander of the army of Israel,
who, sitting at the head of the King, drove sleep away from him the
whole night long.]

9. JDH NX''i] Kal airrfyyiXi] r^ ' Afidv L, 936 -=- . — Kinn dv2] Kara to, avrd
L 936 -=- : om. (S2I (e.xc. n ■= "'"«, 936 under *). — -nnt:'] virepxapv^ (&'■ xal
idav/jLaffev L, 936 -^ : om. 21 : + (XTrd tov ^aaiX^ws (B (exc. 93^*) : -(- a ccena
E: -\- Kal 6 ^acriKeiis dva\v(ras L, 936 -^. — 2i!Di] fv^paivd/xevos (&: rjavxo.o'ei'
L: om. 51. — 3^] om. (35 EL (exc. N <=• % 936 under *). — mNi3i-end of
v.] et trecenti viri ctim eo, et onmes adoraverunt eum: Mardochceus autem
non adoravit eum 23: om. L. — pixid] inf. with D introducing the precise
moment of time. See on i^n^ti'O. — -\yw2\ivTr1 av\^ (g. — 1JDD-^SD^] om.
(6 (exc. N c. amgsup^ g^j Under *). — l^nn] palatii 3. — i'T-np] Pf. be-
cause a parenthetical circumstantial clause (Kau. § 106 d. e.). Accord-
ing to Haupt the two forms are participles in the ace. as .17.CJ; (52). — ):::::]
de loco sessionis sua J. — ''^^^D Sp jcn] om. 05 (exc. n •-'■ ^"'s, 936 under *:
A has 'Afidv) : Haupt deletes ]'D''\. — Sy ncn] here only in OT.

10. pflNH"'!] om. CS L ffi (exc. N <=• ^ '"g, 936 under *). — ]:::n] om. C6
(exc. N <=• a '»?, 93& under *) : Haupt deletes. — n'^^M] om. 05 ill L (exc.



HAMAN PLANS TO HANG MORDECAI 243

(( c. amg^ g^l, under *). — n^m] + (i(/ sc J. — r^nx] tovs cfnXovs (g
(+ avTov LSI).

11. om. L. — pn] om. J (6 (exc. n "=■ =') IE. — ^n^ hn] om. (S (exc. 93Z)). —

Using the text of ebook A critical and exegetical commentary on the Book of Esther by Lewis Bayles Paton active link like:
read the ebook A critical and exegetical commentary on the Book of Esther is obligatory