panied with a letter, in which he mentions it in terms which be-
speak unwonted modesty in the writer. " Oratiunculam pro Deio-
taro tibi misi, quam velim sic leges ut causam tenuem et ino-
pem, nee scriptione magnopere dignam. Sed ego hospiti veteri
et amico munusculum mittere volui levidense, crasso filo, cujus-
modi ipsius solent essent munera." Sylvius, forgetting the dis-
sembled vanity of Cicero's exordium for Archias, " Siquid est in
me ingenii judices, quod sentio quam sit exiguum," can only ac-
count for the epithets \ tenuem et inopem' by the fact that Cicero
gained little for his client. But this is not certain. Caesar, in-
deed, made no immediate decision, but adjourned the cause till he
should be able to examine into it fully on the spot. This, itself,
was a victory to Deiotarus, and as the time never arrived, the
king, on hearing of the death of Caesar, seized upon his dominions,
suo Marte ;' Phil. ii. 37 ; and subsequently supported the republi-
can party, led on by Brutus and Cassius.
It is worth notice, that Brutus had already defended Deiotarus,
before Caesar, at Nice, a city of Liguria, where he met him on his
return from Spain ; and had spoken in a tone of freedom and
vehemence that gave Caesar cause to reflect on the fierce and in-
domitable temper of Brutus. Att. xiv. 1.
M. TULLII CICERONIS
PRO
REGE DEIOTARO,
AD C. CiESAREM,
ORATIO.
I. Quum in omnibus causis gravioribus, C. Caesar, initio
dicendi commoveri soleam 1 vehementius, quam videtur vel
usus, 2 vel aetas mea 3 postulare : turn 4 in hac causa ita me
multa perturbant, ut, quantum 5 mea fides studii mihi affe-
Sect. I. 1. Com. soleam] This is a
common complaint of Cic. Caecil. 13,
he says, that with all his experience
in pleading, when the day of trial
comes ' non solum commoveor ani-
mo, sed etiam toto corpore perhor-
resco.' Cluent. 18. ' Semper equi-
dem magno cum metu incipio dice-
re ;' and he adds, ' that he never
pleads without feeling himself as it
were on trial for his abilities and in-
tegrity lest he might be chargeable
with impudence, for undertaking what
he could not perform ; or with base-
ness or negligence, for not perform-
ing what he could.'
2. Vel usus] If we consider that
Cicero, five-and-twenty years before
this time, said of himself, (Caecil.
13,) 'ejusdem aetatis aut nemo aut
pauci plures causas defenderint,' we
may have some notion of his expe-
rience.
3. JEtas mea] Sixty-two.
VOL. I.
4. Quum soleam turn] ' The
subj. is joined with quum, followed
by turn, when the two propositions
are not merely distinguished from each
other, but when that with quum is
given under the form of a cause. So
-Arch. 4. Idque quum per se dignus
putaretur, turn auctoritate et gratia
Luculli ab Heracleensibus impetra-
vit. Also, Agr. iii. 3. This causal
force of quum seems gradually to
have been lost sight of.' Zumpt c. 76*.
Hence, Manut. enumerates, amon<*
the causes of Cicero's fears, his habit
of feeling strongly, &c. Inf. n. 7.
5. Quantum, $c] i.e. 'Quantum
studii, &c.' ' As much ardour of
mind as a sense of duty [towards a
client] inspires me with.' The for-
cible meaning attached to 'fides' so
used, may be inferred from its vio-
lation forming one in Virgil's cata-
logue of crimes, ' Fraus innexa cli-
enti.' JEu. vi. 609.
s
194
M. T. CICERONIS ORATIO
rat 6 ad salutem regis Deiotari 7 defendendam, tantum facul-
tatis timor detrahat. Primum 7 dico pro capite fortunis-
que 8 regis : quod ipsum etsi non iniquum 9 est in tuo dum-
taxat periculo, tamen est ita inusitatum, 10 regem capitis reum
esse, ut ante hoe tempus non sit auditum. Deinde eum
regem, quern ornare antea cuncto cum senatu 11 solebam,
pro perpetuis ejus in nostram rempublicam meritis, 12 nunc
contra atrocissimum crimen 13 cogor defendere. Accedit, ut
accusatorum alterius crudelitate, 14 alterius indignitate 15 con-
6. Afferat] Volenti, cum signifi-
catione benevolentiae ; detrahat,' in-
vito cum indicio doloris, dixit. Afa-
nut. Marcel. 4. Quantum operi-
bus tuis diuturnitas detrahet, tantum
afferet laudibus.
7. Salutem regis Deiot.] Every word
is here emphatic. The safety not of a
man, but of a king ; not of a king,
but of a king Deiotarus, whose servi-
ces to the Roman empire have been
so numerous. Manut.
7. Primum] Cic. adduces four
causes to account for his fears. 1.
His client being a king ; 2. the cru-
elty of one accuser (the son-in-law) ;
and meanness of the other (a slave) ;
3. the fact of the virtual plaintiff,
Caesar, being also judge; 4. the place
where the trial was held, sc. the house
of Caesar. To which may be prefixed
* his habit of feeling strongly in all
important causes' (n. 4).
8. Pro capite fortunisque] Here is
no anti-climax ; the sentence by
which an offender * capite minuitur,'
did not of necessity deprive him also
of his fortune. He might be only
deprived of civil rights and exiled.
Ahram. and V. E. But v. 11. n.2.
9. Quod ipsum iniquum] ' And
although this procedure is fair enough,
at least (dumtaxat) where your dan-
ger is concerned.' Cic. feared to
offend Caesar, by urging too far the
rarity of a royal culprit ; which might
reflect on his justice in admitting
such a prosecution. The charge
against Deiotarus affected Caesar's
safety. On dumtaxat,' vid. Mil.
2. n. 15.
10. Est ita inusitatum] This was
too good a precedent not to be fol-
lowed up. Thus Antony, (Plut.
36,) put to death Antigonus, king
of Judaea, and bound Artaxes, king
of Armenia with silver chains. Dio
lib. 49. So Augustus had Phraates
' minor genibus,' (Hor. Ep. i. 12.27,)
not to mention Herod and his sons,
who were often put on trial before
Roman judges. Joseph, xvi. 7.14.
11. Ornare cuncto senatu] So
Harusp. 13. ' Hunc Deiotarum saepe
a senatu regali nomine dignum existi-
matum, clarissimorum imperatorum
testimoniis, &c.' Phil. ii. 37. ' De
rege Deiotaro, populo Rom. amicis-
simo.' Introd. 1.
12. Perpetuis meritis] Phil. xi.
13. ' Deiotari cujus benevolen-
tiam in populum Rom. est ipsius
(cqualis atati ; qui non solum socius
imperatorum nostrorum in bellis, ve-
rum dux copiarum suarum, &c.'
Sylla, Murena, Servilius, Lucullus,
and Pompey, had expressed in the
senate their grateful acknowledgments
for the important services of Deio-
tarus in the Asiatic wars.
13. Atrociss. crimen] Of having at-
tempted Caesar's life. Mil. 8. n. 10.
14. Alterius crudelitate] The
second cause of his fear. The charge
of cruelty is usually brought against
prosecutors to prejudice the judges
against them. So of Tubero (Ligar.
5,) he says ' nonne omnem humani-
tatem exuisses V ' Alterius' here is
Castor. Hence the emphatic ' cru-
PRO R. DEIOTARO, Cap. 1.
195
turber. Crudelem Castorem, ne dicam sceleratum et im-
pium ! 16 qui nepos avum in discrimen capitis adduxerit, ado-
lescentiaeque suae terrorem 17 intulerit ei, cujus senectutem
tueri et tegere debebat, commendationemque ineuntis aetatis
ab impietate at ab scelere duxerit ; avi servum, 18 corniptum
praemiis, ad accusandum dominum impulerit et a legatorum
pedibus abduxerit. 19 Fugitivi 20 autem, dominum accusan-
tis, 21 et dominum absentem, et dominum amicissimum nos-
tra? reipublicae, quum os 22 videbam, quum verba audiebam :
non tam afflictam regiam conditionem 23 dolebam, quam de
fortunis communibus 24 extimescebam. Nam, quum more
majorem de servo 25 in dominum ne tormentis quidem 26 quaeri
liceat ; in qua quaestione dolor veram vocem elicere 27 possit
delis Castor' following.
15. lndignitate] For Phidippus
was a slave ; and slaves were not al-
lowed to give evidence against their
masters. Mil. 22. n. 13.
16. Sceleratum impium] Crude-
litas in alienos ; in propinquos pro-
prie scelus et impietas est. Manut.
16. Aepos] His daughter's son.
17. Adolescentia terrorem, tyc.~]
For young men at Rome found it a
ready way of gaining commendation,
to accuse the magistrates, to whom,
therefore, they were in some sort a
terror. Off. ii. 14.
18. Avi servum'] Phidippus the
physician who had been sent to Rome
by Deiotarus, on an embassy, to de-
fend him against Castor's charge.
lntrod. 3.
19. Legatorum pedibus abduxerit]
Phidippus was seduced from the feet
of the legates, his appropriate po-
sition as being a slave.
20. Fugitivi] Not'only a runaway
slave, but a slave that designs as
much ; a vagabond.
21. Dominum accusantis] To ac-
cuse a master is unjust ; an absent
master, more unjust ; a master
strongly attached to our republic,
most unjust. Hence the consum-
mate impudence (os) of Phidippus.
Manut.
22. Os~] Impudence. So Verr.
iv. 20. ' Nostis os hominis, nos-
tis audaciam.' ' Verba' goes a
step farther in audacity. It was
bad enough for the wretch to show
his face ; but to speak was worse
still.
23. Afflictam conditionem] The
wretched pass to which royalty is
come.
24. De fortunis communibus'] For
who can be safe if slaves are permit-
ted to turn informers 1 The usual
artifice of Cic. to connect the issue of
the question in hand with the general
interests. Manil. 2. n. 12. Mil.
1. n. 20. Inf. 11. n. 3.
25. De servo] Mil. 22. n. 13.
26. Ne tormentis quidem] Not even
is the involuntary (tormentis) evidence
of a slave allowed against his master,
much less the voluntary accusation
(accuset solutus).
27. Elicere] (From ' lacio,' I en-
tice.) 1. Entice out; 2. (without
the idea of blandishment) extract,
elicit.
28. Exortus est] Intimating the
impudence of Phidippus here starts
up a slave. So speaking of Gyges,
Off. iii. 9, rex exortus est Lydiae.
Ter. Hecyr.ii. 1.16. Tu solaexorere,
196
M. T. CICERONIS ORATIO
etiam ab invito : exortus est 28 servus, qui, quem in eculeo ap-
pellare 29 non posset, eum accuser 30 solutus.
II. Perturbat me, C. Caesar, etiam illud 1 interdum : quod
tamen, quum te penitus recognovi, 2 timere desino ; re enim
iniquum 3 est, sed tua sapientia fit aequissimum. Nam di-
cere apud eum de facinore, contra cujus vitam consilium
facinoris inisse arguare, 4 si per se ipsum consideres, grave
est; nemo 5 enim fere est, qui sui periculi judex, non sibi se
aequiorem, quam reo praebeat : sed. tua, C. Caesar, praestans
singularisque natura nunc mihi metum minuit. Non enim
tarn timeo, quid tu de rege Deiotaro, quam intelligo, quid
de te ceteros velis judicare. 6 Moveor etiam loci ipsius inso-
lentia, 6 " quod tantam causam, 7 quanta nulla unquam in discep-
tatione versata 8 est, dico intra domesticos parietes, dico extra
conventum et earn frequentiam, in qua oratorum studia niti 9
solent : in tuis oculis, in tuo ore vultuque acquiesco; 10 te
quae perturbes haec impudentia tua.
29. Appellor*] A weak word for
' accusare ;'- name the name of. So
Off. i. 25. Cavendum est, ne majore
poena iisdem de causis alii plectantur,
alii ne appellentur quidem. For
eculeus/ vid.Mil. 21. n. 21.
30. Accuset] Ern. not observing
that ' exortus est' represents the ac-
tion as just concluded, would read,
* accusaret.'
Sect. II. 1. Illud] This circum-
stance ; sc. your being judge in your
own case. The third cause of his
fear.
2. Penitus recognovi] Thoroughly
understood your justice, clemency,
&c.
3. Iniquum] To be, at once, plain-
tiff and judge.
4. Arguare] i. e. ' Reus argua-
tur.' The second pers. is used thus,
to give a lively, pointed turu to the
sentence.
5. Nemo, fyc] This principle of
self-love is proverbial. A. Gell. xii.
5. ' Natura omnium rerum ita nos
genuit ut nihil quicquam esset ca-
rius nobis quam nosmetipsi.'
4 ./Equiorem' does not mean ab-
stractly just,' but favourable, kind.'
6. Quid judicare] Namely, that
you are a friend of justice and hu-
manity. By this praise of Caesar he
hints what Caesar ought to be ; par-
ticularly that it was foreign to his
clemency to condemn in his own
cause. Caesar's anxiety to be thought
mild and forgiving is noticed by Suet,
c. 75.
6. Loci insolentia] The fourth
cause. Quint, iv. 1 . Cicero's usual
theatre was the forum ; here the
house of Caesar, where there was no
surrounding band (conventum) by
which the orator is inspired to emu-
lation. Mil. 1. n. 7.
7. Tantam causam] It concerned
the life and fortunes of a king.
8. Disceptatione versata] Came on
trial.
9. In qua niti] The preposition
is often omitted. But vid. Mil. 7.
cujus in vita nitebatur.' Ern.
From signifying ' to depend upon,' it
comes to mean ' to derive support
and encouragement.' Horn. II. ix.
441. Ovd" ayopkuiv, Xva r avdpeg
apiirpnrktQ TiKkQaai.
10. Acquiesco] Valde quiesco, ob-
PRO R. DEIOTARO, Cap. 2.
197
unum 11 intueor ; ad te unum omnis mea spectat oratio. Quae
mihi ad spem obtinendae veritatis 12 gravissima sunt, 13 ad mo-
tum animi et ad omnem impetum dicendi contentionemque 14
leviora. Hanc enim, C. Caesar, causam si in foro dicerem, eo-
dem audiente et disceptante te, 15 quantam mihi alacritatem 15
populi Romani concursus afferret ! Quis enim civis ei regi
non faveret, cujus omnem aetatem 16 in populi Romani bellis
consumptam esse meminisset ? Spectarem curiam, 17 intuerer
forum, coelum denique testarer ipsum. Sic, quum et deorum
immortalium, et populi Romani, et senatus 17 beneficia in re-
gem Deiotarum recordarer, 18 nullo modo mihi deesse posset
oratio. 19 Quae quouiam 20 angustiora parietes faciunt, actioque
causae 21 maxime debilitatur loco ; tuum est, Caesar, qui pro
lector, fruitionem capio. Sylv.
Arch. 6. n. 4. Mil. 37. n. 10.
11. Te unum, c.~\ In you, alone,
have I my hopes reposed ; there be-
ing no applauding crowd to look
to.
12. Obtinendte veritatis] i.e. Pro-
banda?. So Quint. 23. Non ad ob-
tinendum mendacium, sed ad verum
probandum auctoritatem adjuvare.
But ' Veritas' here is, of course, sy-
nonymous with ' causa.'
13. Gravissima sunt] When the
passions are excited in judges, they
are easily turned from the truth.
Quint, v. 8. Hence at Athens all
attempts to rouse the feelings were
forbidden. Now, Caesar being sole
auditor, there was no hopes of in-
flaming his passions : therefore, what
was most important in making good
the truth, Cic. had ; though it was
of little weight in rousing the elo-
quence and ardour of the speaker.
14. Contentionem] Cicero, Off. ii.
14, says that oratory is two-fold,
' sermo et contentio ;' and he adds
that the latter, as being synonymous
with eloquence, is the more efficient
in procuring glory and fame.
15. Disceptante te] Disceptator,
i. e. rei sententiaeque moderator.
Part. Orat. 3. Abram. V. E.; a
president or judge.
15. Alacritatem] What vigour
and ardour of mind.
16. Omnem atatem] He had assist-
ed the Romans in the first Mithridatic
war, in the time of Sylla, a. u. 6fjb.
It was now 708.
17. Curiam] Because it was con-
tiguous to the forum where the cause
should be pleaded. This, it would
appear, (caelum testarer,) was ' sub
dio,' like the Athenian rfXiacrrai.
Ccel. 28. Val. Max. viii. 1, who
mentions a heavy rain falling on
L. Piso, while receiving sentence.
Also Plin. xix. 1, ' Marcellus, Au-
gusto xi. consule, velis forum inum-
bravit, quantum mutatis moribus
Catonis censoris, quia sternendum
muricibus censuerat.'
17. Deorum pop. Rom. senatus]
These answer to ' ccelum forum
curiam,' and, as usual, are in the
reverse order. Ligar. 11. n. 14. (Si
fraterne, &c.)
18. Recordarer] For ' commemo-
rarem ;' antecedens pro consequents
Em.
19. Deesse oratio] Manil. 1.
Oratio deesse nemini potest.
20. Qu<e quouiam] And since the
confining walls contract these advan-
tages of the orator.
21. Actioque causa] Manil. 1.
n. 5.
s2
198
M. T. CICERONIS ORATIO
multis saepe dixisti, 22 quid nunc mihi animi sit, ad te ipsum
referre, 23 quo facilius turn aequitas tua, turn audiendi diligen-
tia minuat hanc perturbationem meara.
Sed antequam 24 de accusatione ipsa dico, de accusatorum 25
spe pauca dicam. Qui quum videantur neque ingenio, 26 ne-
que usu atque exercitatione rerum 27 valere, tamen ad hanc
causam non sine aliqua spe et cogitatione venerunt.
III. Iratum te regi 1 Deiotaro fuisse non erant nescii ; af-
fectum ilium 2 quibusdam incommodis et detriments propter
ofFensionem ammi 3 tui meminerant ; teque quum huic iratum,
turn sibi amicum 4 cognoverant ; quumque apud ipsum te de
tuo periculo dicerent, fore putabant, ut in exulcerato 5 animo
facile fictum crimen insideret. 6 Quamobrem hoc nos primum
metu, C. Caesar, per fidem et constantiam et clementiam 7 tu-
am, libera, ne residere in te ullam partem iracundiae suspice-
mur. Per dexteram 8 te istam oro, quam regi Deiotaro hos-
22. Qui pro multis sepe dixisti]
Ligar. 10. Causas egi multas et qui-
dem tecum, where vide note.
23. Ad te ipsum referre] To put
yourself in my place, and give me
the indulgence which you should then
require. 'Ad conciliandum judicis
animum valet plurimum, ut. animi
nostri affectionem ipse suscipiat.' Sylv.
24. Antequam, 3fc] He wishes to
remove any latent hatred which Cae-
sar might cherish against Deiotarus,
as a Pompeian, before he proceeds
to the charge itself.
25. Accusatorum] Castor and Phi-
dippus. Introd. 3.
26. Neque ingenio] It is contrary
to Cicero's usual practice to lower the
character of his opponents ; but here
he does so to show their audacity in
impeaching a king, and that they
must rely for success on Caesar's well-
known prejudices against Deiotarus.
Sylv.
27. Exercitatione rerum] Sc. fo-
rensium. ScheL V. E.
Sect. III. 1. Iratum te regi]
Hence Phil. ii. 37. ' Quis cuiquam
amicior quam Deiotaro Caesar ? aeque
ac buic ordini, &c.'
2. Affectum ilium] i. e. ' Ilium
(Deiotarum) affectum fuisse quibus-
dam, &c, meminerant.' He does
not say ' affecisti ilium' as being too
harsh. Caesar had deprived him of
pait of his tetrarchy and also of Ar-
menia Minor, which he owed to
Pompey. Divin. ii. 37. Introd. 3.
3. Offensionem a7iimi] Owing to
your displeasure.
4. Sibi amicum] Sc. to Castor, not
to Phidippus who was a slave. Ma-
nut. Perhaps they may be extended
to mean Castor and his party, e. g.
Saocondarius.
5. Exulcerato] Ira gravi percito.
Sylv. As Caesar would be called on
to negative this supposition, so it is
a tacit exhortation to justice.
6. Insideret] So Mil. 26. ' Si
tibi penitus inhaesisset ilia suspicio,'
where al. insidisset.
7. Fidem, constantiam , clementiam]
The grand requisites of a judge.
Iracundiae,' the former resentment
of Caesar against Deiotarus.
8. Dexteram] Numa, according to
Livy (i.), instituted sacred rites to
Fides ; and considered its peculiar
seat to be in the right hand. So Plin.
PRO R. DEIOTARO, Cap. 3.
199
pes hospiti porrexisti : 9 istam, in quam, dexteram, non tam in
bellis, neque in prceliis, quam in promissis et fide firmio-
rem. 10 Tu illius domum inire, tu vetus hospitium 11 renovare
voluisti; te ejus dii penates acceperunt ; te amicum et pla-
catum Deiotari regis arae focique 12 viderunt. Quum facile
exorari, Caesar, turn semel 15 exorari soles. Nemo unquam
te placavit inimicus, qui ullas resedisse inte simultatis 14 reli-
quias senserit. Quamquam 15 cui sunt inauditae cum Deio-
taro querelae tuae ? Nunquam tu ilium accusavisti, ut hostem,
sed ut amicum officio parum functum, quod propensior in
Cn. Pompeii amicitiam fuisset, quam in tuam. Cui tamen
ipse rei 15 veniam te daturum fuisse dicebas, si, quum aux-
ilia Pompeio, vel etiam filium misisset, ipse excusatione
aetatis usus esset. Ita quum maximis 17 eum rebus liberares,
perparvam amicitiae culpam 18 relinquebas. Itaque non so-
lum in eum non animadvertisti, sed omni metu liberavisti,
hospitem agnovisti, regem 19 reliquisti. Neque enim ille
ii. 37. Abram.
9. Porrexisti] When, in proceed-
ing against Pharnaces, from the Alex-
andrian war, you partook of the hos-
pitality of Deiotarus. Introd. 3.
10. AW tam -Jirmiorem] Tam is
found in all MSS., and confirmed by
Priscian, iii. p. 79. Supply, there-
fore, with Forcel. ' firmam' after
tam. ' Not so steady in war, as
doubly steady in the performance of
promises.' Schutz however omits,
and Matth. brackets it.
11. Vetus hospitium] Caesar, not
having served in the East, had never
been the guest of Deiotarus, as Pom-
pey and Cicero were ; yet ' renovare'
forbids us to understand it of the
' hospitium publicum, 'mentionedSext.
4. There may have been a hospitable
friendship between Caesar and Deio-
tarus, which Caesar here voluntarily
renewed.
12. Ara focique] For the heathens
had their religious rites, and kings
had private altars in their palaces.
Delph.
13. Quum facile turn semel~] Not
only easily induced to forgive, but to
forgive heartily (semel, once for all.)
14. Simultatis] Of grudge or en-
mity.
15. Quamquam, &;c.] * Though
why dwell on this. For by whom
have your expostulations with Deio-
tarus been unheard 1 Every one
knows the drift of them. You never
accused him as an enemy, &c.'
16. Cui tamen ipse rei] Caesar
would have overlooked Deiotarus's
sending aid to Pompey, or even send-
ing his son to command them, had he,
taking advantage of the pretext of
old age (he was then above sixty)
remained at home himself : but
his being found in the field of Phar-
salia, Caesar thought, made the mat-
ter quite personal. [When Crassus,
a. u. 700, went to Parthia, Deiotarus
was extremely old. Plut. Crass. 17.
17. Maximis] ' When you ac-
quitted him of any serious crime ;'
i. e. in sending his son and auxiliaries
to Pompey.
18. Amicitia culpam] Deiota-
rus's was not only a very trifling fault,
but it was the fault of friendship, not
of enmity.
200
M. T. CICERONIS ORATIO
odio tui progressus, 20 sed errore communi 21 lapsus est. Is
rex, quern senatus hoc nomine saepe honorificentissimis de-
cretis appellavisset, 22 quique ilium ordinem ab adolescentia
gravissimum sanctissimumque duxisset, 23 iisdem rebus est
perturbatus, 24 homo longinquus 25 et alienigena, quibus nos in
media republica nati semperque versati.
IV. Quum audiret, senatus consentientis auctoritate arma
sumpta : consulibus, praetoribus, tribunis plebis, nobis 1 im-
peratoribus rempublicam defendendam datam : 2 movebatur
animo, 3 et vir huic imperio amicissimus de salute populi
Romani extimescebat, in qua etiam suam inclusam videbat.
In summo tamen timore quiescendum* sibi esse arbitrabatur.
Maxime vero perturbatus est, ut audivit, consules ex Italia
profugisse, omnesque consulares, 5 (sic enim nuntiabatur,)
19. Regent] For Caesar left him
his old kingdom of Gallograecia, ex-
cept the tetrarchy of the Trogini, but
deprived him of the rest of his domi-
nions.
20. Progressus] For he did not
proceed to the war (ad bellum Sylv,
through hatred of you, but was led
astray by the general error, namely,
of thinking that the Roman empire
followed the consuls and senate, and
was therefore in Pompey's camp.
21. Errore communi] Ligar. 6.
Alii errorem, alii timorem, alii spem,
&c/
22. Rex appellavisset] Supr. 1.
a. 11.
23. Duxisset] Esteemed.
24. Perturbatus] Inf. 4. Maxi-
me vero perturbatus est, ut audivit,
consules ex Italia profugisse, &c.
This is the Jirst excuse for Deiota-
rus's joining Pompey.
25. Longinquus, tyc] For if those
who were born and living in the heart
of the republic, yet mistook the true
state party, a fortiori, might Deiota-
rus, a foreigner, living at a distance.
.Nati' refers to 'alienigena,' and * ver-
sati' to ' longinquus.' So Mil. 28.
4 In longinquus, in propinquos.'
Manil. 9. Nimia longinquitate lo-
corum.
Sect. IV. 1. ]S T o6/s] Al. novis.
But Cic. had just returned from Ci-
licia, and in expectation of a triumph,
was now at the city, a regular * im-
perator.' So ad Div. xvi. 11. ' Pos-
teaquam senatus nobis qui pro-
consules sumus negotium dederat ut,
2. Cotisulibtis datam] Ca?s. B.
Civ. i. 4, says that the usual decree,
* Dant operam consules, praetores,
tribuni plebis, quique pro consulibus
sunt ad urbem, ne quid respublica
detrimenti capiat,' was made on the
seventh of January, a. u. 705, in the
consulship of L. Lentulus and C.
Marcellus, which caused the friends
of Caesar to take refuge at Ravenna,
where he then was. Vid. ad. Div.
xvi. 11. Mil. 26. n. 14.
3. Movebatur animo, #c] i. e.
1 Vir amiciss. huic imp. movebatur
animo et extimescebat, &c*
4. Quiescendum] I thought ft my
duty to remain neutral. Ligar. 1.
' Adventu Vari quievit.' Att. ix. 10.
5. Omnes consulares] Not all, for
Cic. Ser. Sulpicius, and others re-
mained. There is a similar exag-
geration, Phil. ii. 22, where there is
no ('sic enim nuntiabatur,') because
PRO R. DEIOTARO, Cap. 4.
201
cunctum senatum, totam Italiam esse effusam. 6 Talibus enim
nuntiis et rumoribus patebat ad Orientem 7 via, nee ulli veri