referret acceptam.

VI. Sed quoniam illis, quos nominavi, tot et talibus riria
respublica orbata est: veniamus ad vivos, qui duo 1 de con-
sularium numero reliqui sunt. L. Cotta, vir summo ingenio
summaque prudentia, rebus iis gestis, quas tu reprehendis,
supplicationem decrevit verbis amplissimis, eique illi i])si,
quos modo nominavi, consulares, senatusque cunctus assensus
est ; qui honos post conditam banc urbem habitus est togato
ante me nemini. L. Caesar, 2 avunculus tuus, qua oratione, qua
constantia, qua gravitate sententiam dixit in sororis suae vi-
rum, vitricum 3 tuum ! Hunc tu quum auctorem et praecep-



arms of Cleopatra. In this she sue- 13. Vita excedens] At Utica. The

ceeded, and met him at Sicyon, on story is given with suspicious circura-

his return ; but died of grief in conse- stantiality, by Plutarch, in his Life

quence of his neglect of her. The of Cato, c. 67 70.

story of her cruel triumph over Cicero 14. Providit] i.e. ' Cavit.' 'Cato,

is better known than worthy of credit, by dying, as well guarded against

Hooke, x. 15. many evils, as this, that he did not see

7. P. Servilio] Manil. 23. n. 7. you a consul.' The negative in the

8. Catulo] Manil. 17. n. 1. latter clause is redundant; as in Greek,

9. Duobus Lucullis] Introd. Manil. fit) is added to privative verbs.

and Arch. 15. Pompeius] Cat. iv. 10. n. 11.

10. M. Crasso] The triumvir, who 16. Decedens ex Syria] After con-
fell in Parthia. He was consul with eluding the Mithrid. war.
Pompey, a. u. 698. Sect. VI. l.Quiduo] These were

11. Hortensio] Manil. 17. n. 2. the only two alive, who were consular

12. C. Cinioni] The elder. He men when he was consul.

used to call Cicero's consulship a7ro* 2. L. Cesar] Phil. i. 11. n.2.

0iw<nc. Att. i. 16. 3. Vitricum] Lentulus Sura. Cat.



PHILIPPICA SECUNDA, Cap. 7. 357

torem omnium consiliorum totiusque vitae debuisses habere,
vitrici te similem, quam avunculi maluisti. Hujus ego, alie-
nus, 4 consiliis consul usus sum : tu sororis filius, ecquid ad
eum unquam de republica retulisti ? At ad quos refert ?
Dii immortales! ad eos scilicet, quorum nobis etiam dies
natales audiendi 5 sunt. Hodie non descendit 6 Antonius. Cur ?
Dat natalicia in hortis. Cui ? Neminem nominabo. Putate
turn Phormioni alicui, turn Gnathoni, turn etiam Ballioni. 7
O foeditatem hominis flagitiosam ! O impudentiam, nequi-
tiam, libidinem non ferendam ! Tu quum principem sena-
torem, civem singularem, tarn propinquum habeas, ad eum
de republica nihil referas : ad eos referas, qui suam rem 8
nullam habent, tuam exhauriunt ?

VII. Tuus videlicet salutaris consulatus, perniciosus
meus. Adeone pudorem cum pudicitia 1 perdidisti, ut hoc
in eo templo dicere ausus sis, in quo ego senatum ilium, qui
quondam florens orbi terrarum praesidebat, consulebam : 2 tu
homines perditissimos cum gladiis collocavisti ? 3 At etiam
ausus es (quid autem est, quod tu non audeas?) clivum Ca-
pitolinum 4 ' dicere, me consule, plenum servorum armato-
rum 5 fuisse. Ut ilia, credo, nefaria senatusconsulta fierent,

iii. 6. n. 9. Vitricus' qu. vatricus,' scendo' became as ' prodire.'

i. e. 'patricus;' or, from vice pa- 7. Phormioni Ballioni'] The two

tris.' former, characters in Terence's come-

4. Alienus] Opposed to ' sororis dies ; the latter, in the Pseudolus of
films.' Plautus. Such are Antony's asso-

5. Natales audiendi] Are thought ciates ! Their real names Cicero does
of consequence enough to be commu- not give. V. E.

nicated to us senators. Heusinger. 8. Suam rem, &;c] Manut. says

Others interpret, ' are celebrated with that he plays on the word res. '. Cur

so much noise as to reach us here.' ad eos refers de republica, qui suam

V. E. nullam rem habent, &c.'

6. Non descendit] ' The nobles had Sect. VII. 1. Pudor. pudic]
their mansions situated on hills.' Mil. 28. n. 17.

Manut. But Antony was now resid- 2. Senatum consulebam] Was

ing in the house of Pompey, which it consul of, advised with,

appears, was in the Carinas, a very low 3. In eo templo collocavisti] Inf.

situation. Valla accounts for it thus : 8. ' Inter subsellia nostra versentur

' Descendo in proelium, descendo in armati.' It was guarded externally,

forum, descendo in campum dicimus; too. Inf. 44. ' cur armatorum corona

non quia de loco superiore in inferio- senatus septus est V Phil. iii. 12.

rem descendimus, sed quia de loco 4. Clivum Capitolinum] The as-

tuto in locum discriminis, &c.' So cent to the Capitol, called by Hor.

Hor. Carm. iii. 1. 'hie generosior de- Carm. iv. 2, ' Clivus sacer.' Liv. iii.

scendat in campum petitor.' Graev. 18.

thinks that from the specific it came 5. Servorum armatorum] This was

to have a general meaning, and ' de- contrary to the Roman laws.



358 M. T. C1CER0NIS ORATIO

vim afferebam senatui. O miser, sive ilia tibi nota non
sunt, (nihil enim boni nosti,) sive sunt, qui apud tales viros
tarn impudenter loquare ! Quis enim eques Romanus,
quis, praeter te, adolescens nobilis, quis ullius ordinis, qui se
civem meminisset, quum senatus in hoc templo esset, in clivo
Capitolino non fuit ? quis nomen non dedit ? Quamquam 6
nee scribae sufficere, nee tabulae nomina illorum capere po-
tuerunt. Etenim quum 7 homines nefarii de patriae parricidio
confiterentur, consciorum indiciis, sua manu, voce paene lite-
rarum coacti, se urbem inflammare, cives trucidare, vastare
Ttaliam, delere rempublicam consensisse ; quis esset, qui ad
salutem communem defendendam non excitaretur ? praeser-
tim quum senatus populusque Romanus haberet ducem, qua-
lis si qui nunc esset, tibi idem, quod illis accidit, contigis-
set. 8 Ad sepulturam corpus vitrici 9 sui negat a me datum.
Hoc vero ne P. quidem Clodius dixit uncjuam. Quem, quia
jure ei inimicus iui, doleo a te omnibus vitiis eum esse supe-
ratum. Qui autem tibi venit in mentem, redigere in me-
moriam nostram, te domi P. Lentuli esse educatum? An
verebare, ne non putaremus natura te potuisse tam impro-
bum evadere, nisi accessisset etiam disciplina ?

VIII. Tam autem eras excors, ut tota in oratione tua te-
cum ipse pugnares ; ut non modo non cohaerentia inter se
diceres, sed maxime disjuncta atque contraria ; ut non tanta
mecum, quanta tecum tibi esset contentio ! Vitricum tuum
fuisse in tan to scelere fatebare, poena affectum querebare.
Ita, quod proprie meum est, laudasti : quod totum est sena-
tus, reprehendisti. Nam, comprehensio sontium, mea ; ani-
madversio, senatus fuit. Homo disertus non intelligit, eum,
quern contra dicit, laudari a se ; eos, apud quos dicit, vitu-



6. Quamquam, fyc] A correction. 8. Accidit, contigisset] ' Accidit' is
Mil. 2. n. 18. The construction is generally said of bad, ' contigit' of
' potuerunt sufficere.' Liv. xxxvi. good fortune. Again, ' accidit' is
35. ' Romani quoad sufficere remiges said of what happens by mere chance,
potuerunt, &c.' ' contigit* of what happens from cer-

7. Etenim quum, fc] The best tain, though unforeseen, causes. So
construction, perhaps, is : Quum Cic. insinuates that what was a mere
nefarii homines, consciorum coacti, accident in the case of Catiline, would
confiterentur de p. par. nempe se be a regular cousequence of Antony's
consensisse urhem inflammare, &c.' conduct. Em., however, would
Ros. A. 41. Utrumeam rem recu- erase one of the verbs.

sares, an de maleficio confiterere.' 9. Vitrici] Supr. 5.n. 3,



PHILIPPICA SECUNDA, Cap. 8.



159



perari. Jam illud cujus est, non dico audacia?, 1 (cupit enim
se audacem :) sed, quod minime vult, stultitia?, qua viucit
omnes, clivi Capitolini mentionem facere, quum inter sub-
sellia nostra versentur armati ? quum in hac cella Concordia?,
dii immortales ! in qua, me consule, salutares sententia? dic-
ta? sunt, quibus ad hanc diem viximus, cum gladiis homines
collocati stent ? 2 Accusa senatum ; accusa equestrem ordi-
nem, qui turn cum senatu copulatus 3 fuit; accusa omnes or-
dmes, omnes cives, dum confiteare, hunc ordinem, hoc ipso
tempore, ab Ityraeis 4 circumsederi. Ha?c tu non propter
audaciam dicis tam impud enter, sed, qui tantam rerum re-
pugnantiam non videas, nihil profecto sapis. Quid est enim
dementius, quam, quum reipublica? perniciosa arma ipse ce-
peris, 5 objicere alteri salutaria ? At etiam quodam loco
facetus esse voluisti. Qilam id te, dii boni, non decebat ! fi
In quo est tua culpa nonnulla. A liquid enim salis a mima
uxore 7 trahere potuisti. ' Cedant arma toga?. 8 Quid ? turn
noune cesserunt 1 At postea tuis armis cessit toga. Qua?-
ramus igitur, utrum melius fuerit, libertati populi Romani



Sect. VIII. 1. Non dico auda-
cia] Vatin. 8. ' Cogitarisne, in illo
tuo intolerabili non regno, (namcu-
pis id audire) sed latrocinio, augur
fieri in Q. Metelli locum.'

2. Stent] It is remarked that Cic,
* in rebus atrocibus,' frequently ends
his sentences with a monosyllable.
Thus Mil. 4. Insidiatori qu*

potest afferri injusta nex ? Ligar. 3.
' Ad ea arma profectus sum qua? erant
sumpta contra te? Vid., also, Ligar.

4. n. 19.

3. Turn copulatus] Cat. iv. 7. n.

5. The knights, two years after this
junction, claiming exemption from a
public engagement which they had
entered into with the republic, and
being thwarted by some decrees of
the consuls, came to an open rupture
with the senate.

4. Ityrazis] The inhabitants of
Ityraea, a rough mountainous country
on the north-east frontier of Syria and
the confines of Arabia. Antony had
spent some time in Judaea when he
joined Gabinius, and may have at-



tached to himself some of this fierce
people. Virgil, Georg. ii. 448, cele-
brates their archery. ' Ithyraeos taxi
torquentur in arcus.'

5. Arma ipse ceperis] Appian says
they were granted by the senate to
protect him from the mob, who were
enraged at his slaying the Pseudo-
Marius.

6. Non decebat] Either as being
naturally stupid, or, as being in a
passion.

7. Mima uxore] Cytheris, who had
formerly lived with Volumnius Eu-
trapelus, and with whom Cicero was
acquainted. Fam. ix. 26. That An-
tony ever married her, as some com-
mentators have thought, is improba-
ble. V. E. Virg. is thought to al-
lude to her Eel. x. :

Tua, Galle, Lycoris

Perque nives alium perq ; horrida
castra secuta est.

8. Cedant arma] The whole verse
ran : ' Cedant arma togae, concedat
laurea laudi,' and Cicero merely
meant that war was about to give way



360 M. T. CICERONIS ORATIO

sceleratorum arma, an libertatem nostram armis tuis cedere.
Nee vero tibi de versibus 9 plura respondebo ; tantum dicam
breviter: te neque illos, neque ullas omnino literas nosse :
me nee reipublicae, nee amicis unquam defuisse, et tamen
omni genere monumentoruui meoruin perfecisse operis sub-
secivis, 10 ut meae vigiliae meaeque literae, et juventuti utilita-
tis, et nomini Romano laudis aliquid aflferrent. Sed haec
non hujus temporis : majora videamus.

IX. P. Clodium meo consilio interfectum esse dixisti.
Quidnam homines putarent, si turn occisus esset, quum tu
ilium in foro, inspectante populo Romano, gladio stricto in-
secutus es, negotiumque transegisses, nisi se ille in scalas 1 ta-
bernae 2 librariae conjecisset, iisque oppilatis 3 impetum tuum
compressisset ? Quod quidem ego tavisse me tibi fateor,
suasisse ne tu quidem dicis. At -Miloni ne favere quidem
potui. Prius enim rem transegit, quam quisquam eum fac-
turum id suspicaretur. At ego suasi. Scilicet is animus
erat Milonis, ut prodesse reipublicae sine suasore non posset !
At laetatus sum. Quid ergo ? in tanta laetitia 4 cunctae civitatis
me unum tristem esse oportebat? Quamquam 5 de morte
P. Clodii fuit quaestio non satis prudenter ilia quidem con-
stituta. Quid enim attinebat nova lege quaeri de eo, qui



to peace. Others, however, under- seciva opera,' works performed during

stood it to mean that the highest mi- that time. It is said to be taken

litary commander, e. g. Pompey, from the division of land, being ap-

should yield the laurel to Cicero's plied to any surplus which did not

civic gown. Pis. 30. fall into the regular measurement.

9. Nee de versibus plura respon- Sect. IX. 1. Scalas] A stair-
debu] Whether Antony's wit was di- case. We may suppose it an outer
recited against particular verses of the structure, under which there was
composition of Cicero, or against such room for concealment and means of
employment of his time in general, defence. Hor. Ep. ii. 2. 15.

does not exactly appear. Cicero finds 2. Tabeitue] i.e. ' Locus clausus

it convenient to understand Antony tabulis.' ' Nulla taberna meos ha-

in the latter sense, as reproaching beat neque pila libellos.' Hor. Sat.

him with the misapplication of his i. 4. 71.

time. V. E. Cic. wrote a poetical 3. Oppilatis] ' Ob pila,' a pile,

work on Caesar's wars ; and at the Hence to pile against, to barricade,

age of sixty used to compose five hun- 4. In tanta latitia] Compare here,

dred verses a day. iEschines's charge against Demosthe-

10. Subsecivis] 'Sub seco,' to nes, (c. 29), for omitting the due
cut away. Hence ' subsecivum tern- mourning for his daughter ; also,
pus,' time cut off from the day, for Dem. de Cor. 88.

recreation ; spare time and sub- 5. Quamquam, $c] Mil. 2. n. 18.



PHILIPPICA SECUNDA, Cap. 10.



361



hominem occidisset, quum esset legibus 6 quaestio constituta ?
Quaesitum est tamen. Quod igitur, 7 quum res agebatur,
nemo in me dixit, id tot annis post tu es inventus qui
diceres ?

Quod vero dicere ausus es, idque multis verbis, opera mea
Pompeium a Caesaris amicitia esse dijunctum, ob eamque
causam culpa mea civile bellum esse natum ; in eo non
tu quidem tota re, sed, quod maximum est, temporibus
errasti.

X. Ego M. Bibulo, 1 praestantissimo civi, consule, nihil
praetermisi, quantum facere enitique potui, quin Pompeium
a Caesaris conjunctione avocarem. In quo Caesar felicior
iuit ; ipse enim Pompeium a mea familiaritate dijunxit.
Postea vero, 2 quam se totum Pompeius Caesari tradidit ; quid
ego ilium ab eo distrahere conarer ? Stulti erat sperare ; sua-
dere impudentis. Duo tamen tempora inciderunt, quibus
aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim. Ea velim re-
prehendas, si potes : unum, ne quinquennii imperium 3 Cae-



The suppressed proposition is ' If
all, as you say, rejoiced at the death
of Clodius, why was Milo con-
demned?' It was owing to the spe-
cial commission appointed, not by
the senate, but by Pompey.

6. Legibus] Scil. the Cornelian
law, de sicariis,' &c.

7. Quod, igitur, fyc] Cic. con-
tradicts this, Mil. 18. His words there
are ' Scitis, J ud'ices, Juisse, qui in hac
rogatione saudenda dicerent, Milonis
manu caedem esse factam, consilio
vero majoris alicujus.' Perhaps no
one expressly named him perhaps
he forgot his former assertion.

Sect. X. 1. Bibulo] Consul with
Caesar, a. u. 694. Being a friend of
the 'optimates,' he opposed the popu-
lar measures of his colleague, particu-
larly an Agrarian law for distributing
the lands of Campania to 20,000
poor citizens, who had each three
children or more. Plane. 5. Att. ii.
16 19. Not being able to carry
this through the senate, Caesar re-
ferred it to the people, but was opposed



by Bibulus, who declared every as-
sembly-day holy to the end of the year,
and withdrew from all public busi-
ness for eight months, except the rei-
teration of his declaration (obnunci-
atio.) Hence the wits of that time
said that the acts were signed Julio et
Ccesare Coss., and the verses are well
known :
' Non Bibulo quidquam nuper, sed

Caesare factum est ;
Nam Bibulo fieri consule nil rae-

mini.'
During this time Caesar had the ad-
dress to secure the neutrality of Pom-

pey-

2. Postea vero] i. e. "W hen the first
triumvirate was fully formed, a. u.
693, and Pompey, on marrying Julia,
had made the calls of ambition secon-
dary to those of love.

3. Quinquennii imperii] The se-
nate, on the expiration of Caesar's
consulship, voted him the charge of
the woods and roads as a province.
The people, however, on the motion
of Yatinius, gave him Cisal. Gaul

I I



362



M. T. CICERONIS ORATIO



sari prorogaret: 4 alterum/ ne pateretur ferri, ut absentis ejus
ratio haberetur. Quorum si utrumvis persuasissem, in has
miserias nunquam incidissemus. Atque idem ego, quum
jam 6 opes omnes et suas, et populi Roman i, Pompeius ad
Caesarem detulisset, seroque 7 ea sentire coepisset, quae ego
mul to ante provideram, inferrique patriae bellum nefarium
viderem ; pacis, concordiae, compositionis auctor esse non
destiti, meaque ilia vox est nota multis : ' Utinam, Cn. Pom-
pei, cum C. Caesare societatem aut nunquam coisses, aut
nunquam diremisses! fuit alterum gravitatis, alterum pru-
dentiae tuae.' Haec mea, M. Antoni, semper et de Pom-
peio, et de republica consilia fuerunt: quae si valuissent,
respublica staret, tu tuis flagitiis, egestate, infamia conci-
disses.



and Illyricum for Jive years ; and
Transalp. Gaul, having by the death
of Metellus Celer, become vacant, it
was added by the senate, to prevent a
fresh application to the people.

4. Unumprorogaret] Caesar set
out for his province in 695, leaving
the command of the city to Pompey
and Crassus. In 697 he wintered in
Lucca, after three glorious campaigns,
and was visited there by Pompey and
Crassus, whom he advised to sue for
the consulship the following year.
They succeeded of course, and Trebo-
nius, a tribune, having promulgated a
law, that the consular provinces should
be held for five years, with the power
of raising what forces the proconsuls
should think proper, Pompey further
enacted, that Caesar should have five
years added to his command in Gaul,
though there were then two of the for-
mer five remaining. This then is the
first time intended by Cic. a. u. 698.
Yet Cic. expressly opposed the recall
of Caesar in 697. Prov. Cons. 8.

5. Alterum'] When the consulship
of Crassus and Pompey expired, Syria
was assigned to Crassus as his pro-
vince ; to Pompey Spain. Pompey,
however, having previously obtained,
through means of Cic, a five years'



command over the public stores and
rents of the empire, remained at Rome,
governing Spain by his lieutenants.
The public disturbances connected
with Milo, caused him to be chosen
sole consul, a. u. 701 ; and to recon-
cile Caesar to this extraordinary as-
sumption of power, he proposed a law
that Cae?ar should be permitted to
stand for the consulship without ap-
pearing in person. Yet Cic. Att. vii.
1, writes ' ut illi hoc liceret adjuvi,
rogatus ab ipso Ravennae de Caelio
tribuno plebis.' This is the second time.

6. Quamjam, &c] Namely, from
701, when Pompey, as sole consul,
passed the decree in favour of Caesar.
Julia was yet living, and perhaps now
the sole cement between these ambi-
tious men.

7. Seroque] In the year 702, after
Julia's death, it was first moved in the
senate to recall Caesar, when two
years of his command were still re-
maining. Towards the end of this
year, an act was passed to consider
the case of the consular provinces in
the following March ; longer than
which, Pompey now first declared,
that Caesar should not continue in
Gaul. This then appears to be the
time here meant by Cicero.



PHILIPPICA SECUNDA, Cap. 11.



363



XL Sed haec vetera i 1 illud vero reeens, Caesarem meo
consilio interfectum. 2 Jam vereor, Patres conscripti, ne,
quod turpissimum est, praevaricatorem 3 mihi apposuisse vi~
dear, qui me non solum meis laudibus ornaret, sed etiam
oneraret alienis. Quis enim meum in istius gloriosissimi
iacti conscientia 4 nomen audivit ? Cujus autem, qui in eo
numero fuisset, nomen est occultatum? occultatum dico ?
cujus non statim divulgatum ? Citius dixerim, jactasse se
aliquos, 5 ut fuisse in ea societate viderentur, quum conscii 6
non fuissent, quam ut quisquam celari vellet, qui fuisset.
Quam veri simile porro est, in tot hominibus, partim obscu-
ris, partim adolescentibus neminem occultantibus, meum
nomen latere potuisse ? Etenim si auctores ad liberandam
patriam desiderarentur illis auctoribus, Brutos ego impelle-
rem, quorum uterque L. Bruti imaginem 7 quotidie videret,
alter 8 etiam Ahalae. Hi igitur his majoribus, ab alienis



Sect. XI. 1. Htec vetera'] We
must suppose Cicero to have followed
the order of Antony's objections, else
he should have treated of Pompey's
camp before the death of Caesar.

2. Ciesarem meo consilio interfec-
tum] Antony had placed a statue in
the Rostra, inscribed ' Parenti optime
merenti' ' ut,' as Cicero adds, ' non
modo sicarii sed jam etiam parricidae
judicemini.'

3. Prtevaricatorem] This word, like
' delirus' and some others, is borrowed
from husbandry, which was always in
great repute at Rome. Thus Pliny,
'Arator nisi incurvus praevaricatur.'
* Praevaricor,' then is valde varico,
rectam lineam praegredior.' The
ploughman goes as it were in two
furrows, or from one to the other. The
transition is easy, to the lawyer who
takes a fee from both the parties.
Here it means that Cic. employed
Antony as a sham-accuser, to bring
charges, which, at the expense of
others, would redound to his credit.

4. Quis conscientia'] Al. societate.
Who among those who were privy to
this noble design. V. E.

5. Jactasse se aliquos] He alludes,
among ethers, to C. Octavius and



Lentulus Spinther, who, according to
Plutarch, hurried to the capitol among
the conspirators, and claimed a share
of the glory. Antony and Augustus
acknowledged their claim by putting
them to death. Spinther, however,
(Fam. xii. 14.) asserts his share
in it.

6. Conscii] Al. socii.

7. Imaginem] The ' imago' was
generally formed of wax, but it is also
taken to stand for the pictures of a
family ; the ' statua' was of more du-
rable materials, as wood, stone, or
brass. The waxen 'imagines,' again,
were kept in chests in the ' atrium,'
and produced only on the days of
public procession or private festivity ;
the pictures were suspended in the
same place, and were always exposed
to view. The ' statuae' were placed
in the vestibule, and were only those
of the leading and distinguished men of
the family, or its living representa-
tive ; while the ' imagines' were of
all.

8. Alter] Marcus Brutus was the
son of Servilia, a descendant of Servi"
lius Ahala, who put to death Sp-
Maelius.

9. Ahalce] This shews that women



364



M. T. CICERONIS ORATIO



potius consilium peterent, quam a suis ? et foris potius, quam
domo ? Quid ? C. Cassius, 10 in ea familia natus, quae non
raodo dominatum, sed ne potentiam quidem cujusquam ferre
potuit, me auctorem, credo, desideravit : qui etiam sine his
clarissimis viris hanc rem in Cilicia ad ostium fluminis C'vdni
confecisset, 11 si ille ad earn ripam, quam constituerat, non ad
contrariam, naves appulisset. Cn. Domitium non patris in-
teritus, 12 clarissimi viri, non avunculi 13 mors, non spoliatio
dignitatis, ad recuperandam libertatem, sed mea auctoritas
excitavit ? An C. Trebonio 14 ego persuasi ? cui ne suadere
quidem ausus essem. Quo etiam majorem ei respublica
gratiam debet, qui libertatem populi Romani unius amicitia?

{)raeposuit, depulsorque dominatus quam particeps esse ma-
uit. An L. Tillius Cimber me est auctorem secutus? quern



brought ' imagines' into the families
they married into.

10. C. Cauivs] There is nothing
in Livy, (ii. 14.) to which the expres-
sion of Cic. about Cassius can be
supposed to allude. He shews, in-
deed, that Sp. Cassius became a popu-
lar consul, by proposing an Agrarian
law and a largess to the people ; and
that he was condemned for affecting
royalty ; and to this fact Cic. often
alludes. What follows about his fa-
ther putting him to death, Livy gives
as a report, but discredits it. Diony-
sius Halicar. (lib. viii.) mentions the
same report, but thinks it improbable,
because his property was confiscated
and his house thrown down, which
could not have been the case, if his
father had put him to death ; the very
right by which he took away the life
of his son, securing him the command
over his property. As it is probable,
then, that Cicero does not allude to this
dubious account of C. Cassius putting
his son to death, perhaps he may refer
to the ambitious spirit of S. Cassius,
who, in affecting sovereignty, might
be said ' ne potentiam quidem cujus-
quam ferre posse.' Cat. i. 10. n. 4.

11. Hanc rem confecisset'] Of this
design of Cassius, no other trace ap-
pears. Suetonius, Jul. 63, and Ap-



pian, ii, state that he surrendered to
Cesar after the battle of Pharsalia,
and sued for pardon. Possibly a pre-
vious design to surprise Caesar may
have failed. V.E.

12. Patris interims] L. Domitius
Ahenobarbus, who was slain by
Antony at Pharsalia. He had been
taken prisoner at Corfinium in the