beginning of the war, and released ;
but he afterwards joined Pompey.
Sueton., (Vit. Ner. 3, which emperor
was descended from him,) says that
he was falsely charged with this
conspiracy, in consequence of which
he joined Brutus and Cassius,
and having obtained the command of
the fleet, by surrendering it to An-
tony, he made his peace with the
Triumvirs, and afterwards rose to great
honours in the state.

13. Avunculi] CatoofUtica, whose
sister was the mother of Domitius. Ser-
vilia, the mother of Brutus, was ano-
ther sister.

14. C. Trebonio] This man was
always a distinguished supporter of
Caesar. By his law Caesar's com-
mand was prorogued for five years,
and he served under him, as lieute-
nant at Massilia. This accounts for
Cicero's reasoning. He was treache-
rously put to death by Dolabella, at



PHILIPPICA SECUNDA, Cap. 12.



365



ego magis fecisse illam rem sum admiratus, quam facturum
putavi. 15 Admiratus sum autem ob earn causam, quod imme-
mor beneficiorum, memor patriae fuisset. Quid duos Servi-
lios ? 16 Cascas dicam, an Ahalas ? et hos auctoritate mea
censes excitatos potius, quam caritate reipublicae ? Longum
est persequi ceteros : 17 idque reipublicae praeclarum, fuisse
tarn multos ; ipsis gloriosum.

XII. At quemadmodum me coarguerit homo acutus, re-
cordamini. Caesare interfecto, inquit, statim cruentum alte
extollens M. Brutus pugionem, 1 Ciceronem nominatim excla-
mavit, 2 atque ei recuperatam libertatem est gratulatus. Cur
milii potissimum .' Quia sciebam ? Vide ne ilia causa fuerit
appellandi mei, quod, quum rem gessisset consimilem rebus
iis, quas ipse gesseram, 3 me potissimum testatus est, se amiu-
lum mearum laudum exstitisse. Tu autem, omnium stultis-
sime, non intelligis, si id, quod me arguis, voluisse interfici
Caesarem, crimen sit; etiam, laetatum esse morte Caesaris,
crimen esse? Quid enim interest inter suasorem facti et
probatorem ? aut quid refert, utrnm voluerim fieri an on-
deam factum ? Ecquis est igitur, te excepto, et iis, qui ilium
regnare gaudebant, qui illud aut fieri noluerit, aut factum im-
probarit i Omnesergo in culpa. Etenim omnes boni, quantum
in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt Aliis consilium, aliis ani-



Smyrna, in Asia, where he was sup-
porting the republican cause.

15. Quern putuvi] As Cimber was
a drunkard, it seemed improbable that
Brutus and Cassius would take him
into their confidence. Seneca de Ira,
83 ; or Cicero may refer merely to
Cimber's having been ever previously
a staunch adherent of Caesar. V. E.

]ti. Quid duos Servilios] There
were two brothers of the ' gens Servi-
lia,' who had the cognomen of Casca,
present at Caesar's assassination. One
of them, according to Plutarch,
(Caes. 66,") gave the first blow, and
called on his brother to assist. So
Shakesp. ' See what a rent the envious
Casca made !' Cic. thinks that their
cognomen should rather be Ahalx,
from their imitating the example of
the old Ahala. Transl. How shall 1



address the two Servilii ? shall I call
them Cascae, (their real name,) or
Ahalae, (the name they deserve.)

17. Ceteros] There were upwards of
sixty in all. Sueton. Jul. bO. Supr. 3.
n. 7.

Sect. XII. 1. Pugionem] From
' pungo.' It was often used metapho-
rically. Thus, Caligula called his
proscription -book ' pugio.'

2. M. Brutus exclamavii] Dio
says that the whole conspirators joined
in the shout. Perhaps their reason
for appealing to Cic. was, that he was
a consular man, and known to be de-
voted to the Pompeian cause. Per-
haps his own reason is the true one.

3. Rem gessisset consimilem gesse-
ram] That his conduct in this deed
resembled mine during my consulate,
when I also deprived of life the con-

i i2



366 M. T. CICERONIS ORATIO

mus,aliis occasio defuit: voluntas nemini. Sed stuporenr* ho-
minis, vel dicam pecudis, attendite. Sic enim dixit: 'M.
Brutus, quern ego honoris causa 5 nomino, cruentum pugio-
nem tenens, Ciceronem exclaraavit : ex quo intelligi debet,
eum conscium iuisse.' Ergo ego sceleratus appellor a te,
quem tu suspicatum aliquid suspicaris : ille, qui stillantem
prae se pugionem tulit, is a te honoris causa nominatur i
Esto : sit in verbis tuis hie stupor : quanto in rebus sententiis-
que major? Constitue hoc, consul, aliquando: Brutorum,
C. Cassii, Cn. Domitii, C. Trebonii, reliquorum, quam velis
esse causam: edormi crapulam, inquam, et exhala. An
faces 7 admovendae sunt, quae te excitent, tantae causa? indor-
mientem ? Nunquamne intelliges, statuendum tibi esse, utrum
illi, qui istam rem gesserunt, homicidaene sint, an vindices
libertatis ?

XIII. Attende enim paullisper, cogitationemque sobrii
hominis punctum temporis suscipe. Ego, qui sum illorum,
ut ipse fateor, familiaris; 1 ut a te arguor, socius, nego quid-
quam esse medium: confiteor eos, nisi liberatores populi
Romani conservatoresque reipublicae sint, plus quam si-
carios, plus quam homicidas, plus etiam quam parricidas
esse ; siquidem est atrocius patriae parentem, quam suum oc-
cidere. Tu, homo sapiens et considerate, quid dicis ? Si
parricidae, cur honoris causa a te sunt et in hoc ordine et
apud populum Romanum semper appellati ? Cur M. Bru-
tus, te referente, legibus est solutus, 2 si ab urbe plus quam
decern dies abfuisset ? cur ludi Apollinares 3 incredibili M.



spirators against their country. V. E. 7. Faces'] It appears that these

4. Stuporem] Cic. here convicts were applied by the Romans to rouse
Antony of stupidity: 1. By his Ian- the stupid or lethargic. Delph. * Indi-
guage, because he honours Brutus for ges baculo vel fuste ut exciteris.'
what he abuses him. 2. By his con- Sect. XIII. 1. Familiaris] In
duct and opinions, who did not see consuetudine vitae.

that there was no mean between pa- 2. Legibus est solutus] Introd. 6.
triots and parricides. 3. Ludi Apollin.] Liv. xxv. 12.

5. Honoris causa] A phrase of po- These games were established in the
lite address, which meant no more second Punic war, on occasion of a
than ' respectfully' or the like. victory ; and a pestilence occurring,

6. Crapulam] i. e. KpanrdXn, qu. they were made annual, and celebrated
iraWtiv to Kapa, 'caput treraiscere.' the fifth of July. This two-fold
Plaut. Rud. ii. 7. 28. 'Abeo hinc, origin is noticed by Hor. Carm. i.
utedormiscam banc crapulam.' Te- 24. * Hie bellum lacrymosum, hie
rent. Adelph. says ' hoc villi, i. e. miseram famem, Pestemque a populo,
vini.' &c.' Phil. i. 15.



PHILIPPICA SECUNDA, Cap. 13. 367

Bruti honore celebrati ? 4 cur provinciae Bruto et Cassio da-
tae ? 5 cur qua3stores additi ? cur legatorum numerus auctus ?
Atque haec acta per te. Non igitur homieidae. Sequitur,
ut liberatores tuo judicio sint : quandoquidem tertium nihil
potest esse. Quid est ? num conturbo te ? Non enim for-
tasse satis, qua3 dijunctius 6 dicuntur, intelligis. Sed tamen
haec summa est conclusionis meae : quoniam scelere a te li-
berati sunt, ab eodem te amplissimis praemiis dignissimos
judicatos. Itaque jam retexo 7 orationem meam. Scribam
ad illos, 8 ut, si qui forte, quod a te mihi objectum est, que-
rent, sitne verum, ne cui negent. Etenim vereor, ne 9 aut
celatum me, illis ipsis non honestum ; aut invitatum refu-
gisse, mihi sit tuipissimum. Quae enim res unquam, (pro
sancte Jupiter !) non modo in hac urbe, sed in omnibus ter-
ris est gesta major ? quae gloriosior ? quae commendatior ho-
rn inum memoriae sempiternae ? In hujus me tu consilii so-
cietatem tamquam in equum Trojanum 10 cum principibus
includis? Non recuso: ago etiam gratias, quoquo animo
facis. 11 Tanta enim res est, ut invidiam istam, quam tu in
me vis concitare, cum laude non comparem. Quid enim
beatius illis, quos tu expulsos a te praedicas et relegatos ?

4. Celebrati] C. Antonius acted ' to unweave,' in order to make a bet-
tor Brutus on this occasion. It ap- ter web ; hence to change a line of
pears, from Cicero's letters to Atticus, argument,' as here.

that Brutus, who was then at Lanu- * 8. Ad illos] Brutus and Cassius.

vium, took great pains to supply him 9. Vereor, ne, fyc] The construc-

with every requisite that could secure tion is : 'me celatum [esse] illis non

their magnificence. He had intended, sit honestum; aut [me] invitatum re-

at one time to attend them in person, fugisse, mihi sit turpissimum.' In-

and had an address to the people pre- trod. 2. Celari de aliqua re,' to be

pared, but Cicero did not advise it. told nothing about a thing, to be kept in

Phil. 1. 15. n. 5. the dark. Fam. v. 2. Te maximis de

5. Cur provincial Cassio et Bruto rebus a fratre esse celatum.' Agr. ii. 5.
data] To Brutus Macedonia, and to 10. In equum Trojanum] A species
Cassius Syria. The adding of quaes- of proverb, perhaps from JEn.u, 18 :
tors was a mark of respect and recog- Hue delecta virum sortiti corpora
nition of them as legal governors. So furtim

of ' Legatorum numerus auctus.' Includunt lateri.

6. Dijunctius] Al. distinctius. Or rather from Odys. iv. 272 :

Too widely, or, in too disjunctive a "l7T7r^ Ivi Zearqj 'iv' tvijfteQa iravrtc

form ; for Cicero's argument was apivroi 'Apyeiwv.

stated disjunctively, and Antony This comes up to ' cum principibus.'

was no great logician. 11. Quoquo animo facis] Cicero

7. Retexo] It was usual in Greek explains this intention. Fam. xii. 2.
to say pvOovQ vQaivuv, and in Latin, * Nullam aliam ob causam, me aucto-
orationem texere.' Hence retexere, rem fuisse Caesaris interficiendi crimi-



368



M. T. CICERONIS ORATIO



qui locus est aut tam desertus, 12 aut tam inhumanus, qui il-
los, quoquo 13 accesserint, non aflfari atque appetere videatur ?
qui homines tam agrestes, qui se, quum eos adspexerint, non
maximum cepisse vita? fructum putent ? quae vero tam im-
memor posteritas, quae tam ingratae literae 1 * reperientur, quae
eorum gloriam non immortalitatis memoria prosequantur (
Tu vero adscribe me talem in numerum.

XIV. Sed unam rem vereor, ne non probes. Si enim
fuissem, non solum regem, 1 sed regnum etiam de republica
sustulissem : et, si meus stilus 2 ille fuisset, ut dicitur, mihi
crede, non solum unum actum, 3 sed totam fabulam confecis-
sem. 4 Quamquam si interfici Caesarem 5 voluisse crimen est,
vide, quaeso, Antoni, quid tibi futurum sit, quern et Nar-
bone hoc consilium cum C. Trebonio cepisse notissimum
est, et ob ejus consilii societatem, quum interficeretur Caesar,
turn te a Trebonio vidimus sevocari. Ego autem (vide
quam tecum agam non inimice) quod bene cogitasti aliquan-
do, laudo : quod non indicasti, gratias ago : quod non fecisti,
ignosco. Virum res ilia quaerebat. Quod si te in judicium



natur, nisi ut in me veterani incitentur.'

12. Locus desertus'} It is a strong
personification, to make a place ad-
dress and desire the presence of a
person. Cic. heightens this, by mak-
ing the place deserted, without human,
intercourse, $c.

13. Quoq.} Whithersoever. Al. quo.

14. Literee} Cic. uses the genus,
comprising under it, poetry, oratory,
and history ; all which assist in con-
ferring immortality.

Sect. XIV 1 Non solum regem,
#c] Fam. xii. 1. 'Non regno, sed
rege liberati videmur.' Att. xiv. 8.
O Dii boni ! vivit tyrannis : tyran-
nus occidit.'

2. Sfifus] 1. an obelisk or column,
(TruXoe ; 2. a sharp-pointed instru-
ment, a dagger, a pen ; 3. a style of
writing. We cannot preserve the pa-
ratiomasia of Cicero, having no word
that signifies a pen and a poniard.
Those who limit the interpretation to
either one or other appear to miss the
force.

3. Unum actum'} Abram. makes



the ' fabula,' the deliverance of their
country ; Cic, the poet ; ' stilus,'
the conspiracy ; one act, the death of
Caesar ; the other four acts, the deaths
of Lepidus and the three Antonies.
Manut. supposes the death of Antony
the fifth act, but does not specify the
preceding four. It is enough to un-
derstand it generally. ' He would
have added the last act to the play,
by despatching others.' Marcel. 9.
' Hie restat actus.' Fam. x. 28.
' Quam vellem ad illas pulcherrimas
epulasme invitasses! reliquiarum nihil
haberemus.' Here, however, the
figure is changed.

4. Confecissem} This verb, in the
sense of to despatch, is properly ap-
plied to stabbing wild beasts in the
amphitheatre.

5. Quamquam si interfici C&sarem,
Jfc] Plutarch, Brut. 17, makes it
appear that Trebonius, being the mi-
litary comrade of Antony at Narbo,
where Caesar had halted in his return
from Spain, had sounded him on the
project of slaying Caesar ; and that



PHILIPPICA SECUNDA, Cap. 14.



369



quis adducat, usurpetque illud Cassianum, 6 ( Cui bono 7
fuerit ;' vide, quaeso, ne haereas. 8 Quamquam illud quidem
fuit, ut tu dicebas, omnibus bono, qui servire nolebant : tibi
tamen praecipue, qui non modo non servis, sed etiam regnas ;
qui maximo te aere alieno ad aedem Opis 9 liberasti : qui per
easdem 10 tabulas innumerabilem pecuniam dissipavisti ; ad
quern e domo Caesaris 11 tarn multa delata sunt; cujus domi
quaestuosissima est falsorum commentariorum et chirograplio-
rum officina, agrorum, oppidorum, immunitatum, vectigalium
flagitiosissimae nundinae. 12 Etenim quae res egestati et aeri
alieno tuo, praeter mortem Caesaris, subvenire potuisset?
Nescio quid 13 conturbatus esse videris : numquid subtimes, ne
ad te hoc crimen pertinere videatur? Libero te metu : nemo
credet unquam; non est tuum de republica bene mereri ;
habet istius pulcherrimi facti clarissimos viros respublica
auctores : ego te tantum gaudere dico, fecisse non arguo.
Respondi maximis criminibus : nunc etiam reliquis respon-
dendum est.



Antony, though aware of his drift, yet
did not disclose the secret j that,
therefore, Trebonius, through grati-
tude, took him aside that he might
not share the fate of Caesar. In ano-
ther place, however, (Caes. 66,) he
says that it was Decimus Brutus who
drew Antony aside. But Cic, Fam.
x. 28, attributes the act to Trebonius,
as here ; without, however, charging
Antony with being privy to it. Trebo-
nius was, probably, now dead.

6. Cassianum] Mil. 12. n. 4. 5.

7. Cui bono'] * Whose interest ;'
the double dative.

8. A r e harreas] Because you had all
the advantage the conspirators all
the loss.

9. JEdem opis] This goddess vari-
ously named, Ops, Tellus, Cybele,
the Great Mother, the Idaean Mother,
and the Mother of the Gods, had tem-
ples dedicated to her in various parts
of the city. The temple here speci-
fied is thought to have been in the Ca-
pitol, if we are not to understand the
temple adjoining the treasury, dedicat-
ed to Saturn and Ops. Here the sense



requires ' ad aedem Opis' to mean
* tabulis ad aedem Opis ;' for by them
he paid his debts. Hence * easdem,' inf.

10. Per easdem, Sfc] As ' tabulae'
had not been mentioned before, ' eas-
dem' must refer to ' aedem opis,' the
depository of the 'tabulae.' The
money was squandered by Antony's
forging assignments of the different
sums to his own creatures. Phil. v.
4. ' Septies millies falsis perscrip-
tionibus, &c. avertit.'

11. Domo Ccesaris] Vid. Phil. i.
7. n. 3, where the particulars here al-
luded to are noticed. Calpurnia had
conveyed to the house of Antony, for
safety, the papers and treasures of
Caesar, which Antony kept possession
of and converted to his own purposes.

12. Nundina] Qu. ' novendinae,'
from ' novem' and ' dies,' pro-
perly, the market-day, or day on
which the country people flocked to
Rome. It occurred every nine days,
reckoning inclusively. It is here put
for the market or sale itself. Phil. v. 4.

13. Nescio quid] ' At something or
other ;' not ' somewhat.'



370



M. T. CICERON1S ORATIO



XV. Castra 1 raihi Pompeii, atque illud omne tempus ob-
jecisti. Quo quidem tempore si, ut dixi, 2 meum consilium
auctoritasque valuisset ; tu hodie egeres, nos liberi essemus ;
respublica non tot duces 3 et exercitus 4 amisisset. Fateor
enim, me, quum ea, quae acciderunt, providerem 5 futura,
tanta in mcestitia fuisse, quanta ceteri optimi cives, si idem
providissent, fuissent. Dolebam, 6 dolebam, Patres con-
scripti, rempublicam, vestris quondam meisque consiliis
conservatam, brevi tempore esse perituram. Nee vero eram
tarn indoctus ignarusque rerum, ut frangerer animo propter
vita? cupiditatem, quae me manens conficeret angoribus, di-
missa molestiis omnibus liberaret. Illos ego proestantissimos
viros, lumina reipublicae, vivere volebam, tot consulares, tot
praetorios, tot honestissimos senatores, omnem praeterea flo-
rem 7 nobilitatis ac juventutis, turn optimorum civium exer-
citus : qui si viverent, quamvis iniqua conditione pacis, (mihi
enim omnis pax cum civibus bello civili utilior 8 videbatur,)
rempublicam hodie teneremus. Quae sententia si valuisset, 9
ac non ii maxime 10 mihi, quorum ego vitae consulebam, spe
victoriae elati, 11 obstitissent : ut alia omittam, tu certe nun-



Sect. XV 1. Castra, $c] The

objection of Antony was, not that
Cic. was a Pompeian ; but that he
prevented a reconciliation between the
leaders, and conducted himself in a
manner unbecoming a consular man.
This he here answers.

2. Si, tit dixi] Supr. 10. Haec
mea, M. Antoni, semper et de Pom-
peio et de republica consilia fuerunt :
quae, &c.'

3. Non tot duces] Pompey, Scipio,
Cato, Petreius, Afranius, &c.

4. Exercitus] These are often al-
luded to. The principal were at
Pharsalia, Thapsus, and M inula ; and
their commanders, Pompey, Scipio,
and the sons of Pompey.

5. Providerem] His letters are full
of prophecies on this subject, for
which some historians give him little
credit. Hooke. x.l.n.q.

6. Dolebam] The ideas are natural
here. Cic. had a peculiar regard for
the republic, because he had saved it
from Catiline. So people are doubly



fond of what they have rescued from,
or recovered after, some great danger ;
and he takes care to add, that it
was no unmanly love of life that ac-
tuated him in his grief.

7. Florem] Because almost all the
young patricians followed Pompey,
and were in his camp. Hence the
stoiy of Caesar's artifice in the battle
of Pharsalia, to strike at their faces.
Plut. Caes. 45.

8. Pax bello civili utilior] So
Horn. ix. 63 :

'AQpi'iTwp, dOkfitorog, aviorioc, toriv

iictivoQ,
'Of TToXkfxQv tparai lirtdrjfiiov, oxpvo-

UTOQ.

9. Sententia valuisset] He means
his proposition, that Pompey should
come into Caesar's terms ; which were,
that Pompey should proceed to Spain,
his province, and both disband their
armies. Fam. xvi. 12.

10. Ii maxime] Cn. Domitius, C.
Lentulus, &c, the Pompeian leaders.

11. Spe Victoria elati] Caesar well



PHILIPPICA SECUNDA, Cap. 16. 371

quani 12 in hoc ordine, vel potius nunquam in hac urbe man-
sisses. At vero Cn. Pompeii voluntatem a me alienabat
oratio 13 mea. An ille quemquam plus dilexit ? cum ullo aut
sermones, aut consilia contulit ssepius 1 Quod quidem erat
magnum, de summa republica dissentientes in eadem con-
suetudine amicitiae permanere. Sed et ego, quid ille, et
contra ille, quid ego sentirem et spectarem, videbat. Ego
incolumitati civium primum, ut postea dignitati possemus;
ille pra3senti dignitati plus consulebat. Quod autem habebat
uterque quid sequeretur, idcirco tolerabilior erat nostra dis-
sensio. Quid vero ille singularis vir ac paene divinus de me
senserit, sciunt, qui 14 eum de Pharsalica fuga Paphum 15 per-
secuti sunt. Nunquam ab eo mentio de me, nisi honorifica,
nisi plena amicissimi desiderii, quum me vidisse plus fa-
teretur, se speravisse meliora. Et ejus viri nomine me
insectari audes, cujus me amicum, te sectorem 16 esse
i'ateare ?

XVI. Sed omittatur bellum illud, in quo tu nimium felix
fuisti. Ne jocis quidem 1 respondebo, quibus me in castris
usum esse dixisti. Erant quidem ilia castra plena curae: 2
verumtamen homines, quamvis in turbidis rebus sint, ta-
men, si modo homines sunt, interdum animis relaxantur.
Quod autem idem inoestitiam 3 meam reprehendit, idem



saysof them (B. C. iii.) Nee quibus 16. Sectorem] ' Sectio' is, 1. a

rationibussuperarepossunt, sed quern- purchase; 2. a sale, particularly of

achnodum uti victoria deberent, cogi- proscribed property. It has the first

tabant.' meaning from ' sequi,' i.e. 'a lucro

12. Tu certe nunquam, c] A spe- sequendo;' the second from 'secare,'
cies of Litotes, by which he intimated because the sectores' retailed the
that Antony would have suffered death property. Peihaps this account may
or exile for his crimes. reconcile Ascon. and the commenta-

13. At vero oratio'] Macrobius tors about the derivation of this word,
and Plutarch have transmitted to us a Skct. XVI. 1. A T e jocis quidem]
few of Cicero's splenetic remarks on These may be found in Plutarch,
this occasion ; but it does not appear Middleton, or Hooke.

necessary to transcribe them. 2. Castra plena curw] i.e. To Cic.

14. Sciunt, qui] He means Favo- and the thinking men; for, generally
nius, the Lentuli, &c. Plutarch, speaking, the Pompeians were only
Pomp. 76, says that he had a few solicitous about revenge and booty,
ships and about sixty senators col- 3. Quod autem idem motstitium] Sc.
lected to him. in the words, Sup. 15. 'At vero Cn.

15. Paphum] Pompey hastened Pompeii voluntatem a me alienabat
first to Lesbos, where he met Cor- oratio mea.'

nelia, and thence to Paphus.



372



M. T. CICERONIS ORATIO



jocum ; magno argumento est, me in utroque fuisse mode-
ratum. 4

Hereditates 5 mihi negasti venire. Utinam hoc tuum ve-
rum crimen esset ! plures amici mei et necessarii viverent.
Sed qui istuc tibi venit in mentem ? Ego enim amplius
HS. ducenties 6 acceptum hereditatibus retuli. Quamquam
in hoc genere fateor feliciorem esse te. Me nemo, nisi ami-
cus, fecit heredem, ut cum illo commodo, si quod erat, ani-
mi quidam dolor jungeretur : te is, quem tu vidisti nunquam,
L. Rubrius Casinas, 7 fecit heredem. Et quidem vide, quam
te amarit is, qui, 8 albus aterne 9 fueris, ignorans, fratris filium
praeteriit, Q. Fufii, honestissimi equitis Romani, 10 suique



4. Fuisse moderatum] So Hor.
Epis. i. 18. ' Virtus est medium viti-
orum et utrumque reductum."

5. Hereditates, <Sfc] This was con-
sidered a great ignominy among the
Romans. For Nigrinus, in Lucian,
wittily observes, ' that the Romans
uttered only one true word in their
lives sc. that which is contained in
their wills.' Augustus, who was vain
of being so noticed by his friends, used
to refund the amount of the bequest to
the lawful heirs, to obviate the suspi-
cion of avarice. Suet. Aug. 66. Cic.
had made the very same charge against
Clodius. Att. i. 15.

6. HS. ducenties} In two instances,
Atticus is acquainted by Cicero of
legacies left him. Att. ii. 20. xi. 2.
HS. a contraction for L. L. S. i. e.
' libra, libra, semis,' or two pounds
and a half of brass, the fourth of a de-
naiius. Note, 1. With a numeral ad-
verb, HS. is ' sestertiiim/ 'centena
millia' being understood. A short rule
in translating these adverbs, is to omit
a cipher from the given number, and
call the remainder so many millions
of sesterces. Thus here 200, omit-
ing a cipher, is 20 sc. millions. * Se-
xagies,' i. e. 60, gives 6 millions.
' Defies,' i. e. 10, one million, and
so on. 2. The amount in English
money is nearly given by inserting
8,000, instead of the word millions.
Thus 20 millions, (ducenties,) is



20X8000 = 160,000. 3. 'Ses-
tertium,' is never a sum of 1000 ses-
terces, as is usually said, but is al-
ways the gen. plur. for ' sestertiorum.'
Orat. 46. ' Sestertia,' indeed, occurs
in the poets, where ' sestertii' would
be inadmissible, and has millia un-
derstood. Juv. Sat. iv. 15. 16. 4.
'Sestertius,' ('semis tertius') is not
the third half, but half of the third,
the first and second being understood ;
and therefore expresses clearly 2 J.
So ' semis-quartus' would be 3 \ ; as
in Greek rpirov iipi-raXa vtov is 1\
talents.

7. Casinos'] i. e. Of Casinum, a
town of Campania, where the Latin
joins the Appian way. Inf. 41.

8. Te amarit is, qui] As nobody
ever had acted so, he leaves the hearer
to infer that Antony had forged the
will.

9. Albus aterne] An adage, mean-
ing ' to know or care nothing about a
a person.' Catullus says of Caesar,
Epig. 94.

' Non nimium cupio, Caesar, tibi velle

placere,
Nee scire utrum sis albus an ater

homo.'
Hence its application to the character
of Antony.

10. Equitis Romanis] To distin-
guish him from a senator of the
same name, father-in-law of the con-
sul elect.



PHILIPPICA SECUNDA, Cap. 17.



373



amantissimi, [;] quem palam heredem semper factitarat : [ne
nominat quidem r] 11 te, quem nunquam viderat, aut certe nun-
quam salutaverat, 12 fecit heredem. Velim mihi dicas, nisi
molestum est, L. Turselius qua facie fuerit, qua statura, quo