municipio, qua tribu. "Nihil scio," inquies, "nisi qua?
praedia habuerit." Igitur 13 fratrem exheredans, te faciebat
heredem. In multas praeterea pecunias alienissimorum 14
hominum,ejectis vcris heredibus, tamquam heres esset, inva-
sit. Quamquam hoc maxime admiratus sum, mentionem te
hereditatum ausum esse facere, quum ipse hereditatem patris
non adisses. 15
XVII. Haec ut colligeres, 1 homo amentissime, tot dies in
aliena 2 villa declamasti I quamquam tu quidem (ut tui familia-
rissimi dictitant) vini exhalandi, 3 non ingenii acuendi causa,
declamitas. Et vero adhibes joci causa magistrum, suflfragio
tuo etcompotorum tuorum, rhetorem, 4 cui concessisti, ut in te,
quae vellet, diceret, salsum 5 omnino hominem : sed materia
facilis est in te et in tuos dicta dicere. 6 Vide autem, quid
11. Ne nominat quidem] Al. ne
nomen quidem perscripsit. Orel, brack-
ets them, as an interpolation, and re-
fers ' quem, &c.' to ' fratris Q. Fufii.'
For the brother of Rubrius might have
been adopted into the ' gens Fufio-
rum.'
12. Aut salutaverat] Ern. objects
to this salutation as out of place. But
Cic. means : ' Whom he had never
seen, or (if he had) at least (certe)
had never, &c.'
13. Igitur, Sfc] It seems harsh to
make 'igitur' illative here. Perhaps
it is like the Greek p.k v ovv, ' well
then,' used after a parenthetic argu-
gument, to carry back the mind to the
previous statement. So Arch. 5. ' His
igitur tabulis, &c.' Mil. 29. ' Ejus
igitur mortis, &e.'
14. Alienissimorum] Opposed to
relations. Supr. 6. ' Hujusego alienus
consiliis consul usus sum.'
15. Non adisses] Because it was all
squandered.
Sect. XVII. 1. Colligeres] Ligar.
10. n. 13. As it does not appear how
collecting facts or calumnies against
Cic. could sharpen the genius of An-
tony ; perhaps ' colligo' is here taken
in the logical sense of * drawing an
inference.' So Hor. Sat. ii. 1. ' sic
collige mecum.' His masterly infe-
rences were, e. g. that Cic. lost Pom-
pey's friendship by splenetic jests,
that he was a conspirator because Bru-
tus called on him first, &c.
2. Tot dies in aliena] Seventeen ;
which Antony had passed in a villa of
Q. Metellus Scipio, at Tibur. Phil,
v. 7.
3. Vini exhalandi] Similarly Dem.
de Cor. 86. Kai tpoiys SokiIq Ik
Tovrtav, 'Aiuyivn, tCjv Xoyaiv t7rt-
foitj/ nva QuvaOKiaQ /3ovX6/ij/oc
T-oirjtrdaOai, tovtov irpoeXtoQai rbv
ayuiva, ovk ddiKfifiaros ovStvbc, Xa-
tlv, Tifxwpiav.
4. Rhetorem] Sup. 4. n. 7.
5. Salsum, fyc] Salsus/ savoury,
from 'sal.' Negatively, 'insulsus,'
insipid. The transition is easy to wit,
the salt of conversation.
K K
374
M. T. CICERONIS ORATIO
intersit inter te et avum tuum. Ille sensim 7 dicebat, quod
causa? prodesset ; tu cursim dicis aliena. At quanta merces
rhetori data est ! Audite, audite, Patres conscripti, et cog-
noscite reipublicae vulnera. Duo millia jugerum campi
Leontini 8 Sex. Clodio rhetori assignasti, 9 et quidem immu-
nia, 10 ut populi Romani tanta mercede nihil sapere disceres.
Num etiam hoc, homo audacissime, ex Caesaris commenta-
riis ? Sed dicaui alio loco et de Leontino agro et de Cam-
pano : quos iste agros ereptos 11 reipublicae, turpissimis pos-
sessoribus 12 inquinavit Jam enim, 13 quoniam crimimbus
ejus satis respondi, de ipso emendatore et correctore nostro
quaedam dicenda sunt. Nee enim omnia effundam, ut, ii
saepius decertandum sit, ut erit, semper novus veniam : quant
facultatem mihi multitudo istius vitiorum peccatorumque
largitur.
XVIII. Visne igitur te inspiciamus a puero ? l Sic opinor.
6. Dicta dicere] Dicta* for dicte-
ria.' Easy to be witty when you and
your friends are the subjects. Dico
unum ridiculum dictum de dictis me-
Jionbus.' Plaut. Capt. iii. 1.; but
Era. doubts the propriety of the ex-
pression ' materia facilis dicere,' and
thinks it should be ' dicenti' or ad
dicendum.' Plut. Ant. 24, mentions
Antony's fondness for jests even at his
own expense.
7. Sensim] Vid. de Or. ii. 1, and
Brut. 36; where the peculiar cha-
racter of Antonius's oratory is fully
developed. It appears that he was a
guarded speaker, whose great care was
not to injure the cau.se which he un-
dertook to defend.
8. Campi Leontini] This plain was
near Leontiura, in Sicily. Cic. Verr. iii.
18. says of it, 'cujus species haecerat,
nt cum obsitum vidisses, annonae cari-
tatem non verereTe.' This then being
the most fertile part of Sicily, and Sicily
being, as Polybi testifies, the granary
of Rome, we may clearly see the
wound of the republic.
9. Assignasti] This word is pro-
perly applied to distributing lands to
colonists, from 'ad' and 'signum.'
When the Romans conquered a coun-
try, they usually restored the lands to
the inhabitants on the condition of
paying decunur or tithe. Hence the
lands were called ' decumani.' They
reserved, however, a part of the roost
valuable, as a patrimony of the Ro-
man people. Such it appears was the
Leontine plain, which Cic. inf. 39,
reckons ' in pop. Rom. patrimonio.'
10. Immunia] They were given to
Clodius without any restriction as to
rent or tithe.
1 1 . Ereptos] Because they were the
patrimony of the state. Vid. penult,
n.
12. Turpissimis possessoribus] Clo-
dius and companions.
13. Jam enim] These are particles
of transition. He has now done with
'pro roe aliquid,' and proceeds to
'multa in Antonium.' Sup. 5.
Sect. XVIII. 1 . Visne a puero]
This was the usual order observed
by orators in their invective speeches.
Vid. Dem. de Cor. 79, when he trace*
/Eschines from sweeping the school-
room to speaking from the Rostra.
PHILIPPICA SECUNDA, Cap. 18.
375
A principio ordiamur. Tenesne memoria, praetextatum 2 te
decoxisse ? 3 " Patris, 4 " inquies, " ista culpa est" Concedo.
Etenim est pietatis plena defensio. Illud tamen audaciae
tuae, quod sedisti in quattuordecim ordinibus, quum esset
lege Roscia 5 decoctoribus certus locus constitutus, quamvis
quis fortunae vitio, non suo decoxisset. Sumpsisti virilem,
(jiiam statim muliebrem togam 6 reddidisti. Primo vulgare
scortum ; certa flagitii merces, nee ea parva ; sed cito Curio
intervenit, qui te a meretricio quaestu abduxit, et, tamquam
stolam 7 dedisset, in matrimonio stabili 8 et certo locavit.
Nemo unquam puer emptus libidinis causa, tam fuit in do-
niini potestate, quam tu in Curionis. Quoties te pater ejus
domu sua ejecit? quoties custodes 9 posuit, ne limen intrares.'
quum tu tamen, nocte socia, hortante libidine, cogente mer-
cede, per tegulas demitterere. Quae flagitia domus ilia diu-
tius ferre non potuit. Scisne, me de rebus mihi notissimis
2. Fr&textatum) Scil. before you
were seventeen, the age for assuming
the manly gown. As this, however,
was not the fault of Antony, though
sufficiently disgraceful to him, the ora-
tor rather dwells upon his impudence
in sitting, notwithstanding, in the
benches appropriated to the knights.
The ' praetexta' was a white gown with
a purple border. It formed the dress
of the sons and daughters of the better
sort, till they arrived at seventeen, as
well as of senators, magistrates, and
priests, any of whom, when so ar-
rayed, may be called ' praetexta-
tus.'
3. Decoxisse] Sc. argentum ; forCic.
uses decoctum argentum.' The transi-
tion from ' decoquo' to wasting mo-
ney, becoming a bankrupt, is obvious.
Some suppose the metaphor taken
from trees wherein the sun has dried
up the moisture.
4. Patris] Antonius Creticus, so
tailed, from his unsuccessful war
against that island. Vid. Manil. 12*
n. 12. He was remarkable as a
spendthrift, and is said never to have
kept an account.
5. Roscia"] Roscius Otho, a tri-
bune, passed this law a. v. 687. It
set apart for the Equites by birth or
by property, fourteen rows in the the-
atre, immediately behind where the
senators sat, excluding insolvents, to
whom a distinct place was assigned
but this Antony did not regard.
6. Virilem muliebrem togam] Em.
muliebram stolam. ' Toga' was the
proper garb of courtesans ; ' stola' of
matrons; as Hor. i. 2.
' Quid inter
Est in matrona, ancilla peccesve to-
gata;'
and again,
' Ad talos stola demissa et circum-
data palla.'
7. Stolam] This robe was presented
by the husband to the bride, who then
laid aside the pratexta.
8. In matrimonio stabili] So Vir-
' Conjugio jungam stabili propriam-
que dicabo.' *
Cic, in the selection of his expres-
sions, on a subject where selection was
necessary, had in view Dem.de Cor.
40. t) fiiiTtjp oov role. p.idrip.ipivo~ii:
ydpoiQ xQup'tvi], &c.
9. Custodes] These were usually
376
M. T. CICERONIS ORATIO
dicere ? Recordare tempus illud, quum pater Curio moerens
jacebat in lecto ; filius se ad pedes meos prostemens, lacri-
mans, te mihi commendabat ; orabat, ut te contra suum pa-
ttern, si sestertium sexagies 10 peteret, defenderem ; tantum
enim se pro te intercessisse. 11 Ipse autem araore ardens con-
firmabat, quod desiderium tui discidii 12 ferre non posset, se
in exsilium iturum. Quo tempore ego quanta mala floren-
tissimae familiae 13 sedavi, vel potius sustuli l M Patri persuasi,
ut a3s alienum filii dissolveret; redimeret 15 adolescentem,
summa spe et animi et ingenii praeditum, rei familiaris facul-
tatibus ; eumque a tua non modo familiaritate, sed etiam
congressione, 16 patrio jure et potestate 17 prohiberet. Haec
tu, quum per me acta meminisses : nisi illis, quos vide-
mus, gladiis 18 confideres, maledictis me provocare ausus
esses ?
XIX. Sed jam stupra et flagitia omittamus: sunt quae-
dam, quae honeste non possum dicere : tu autem eo liberior,
quod ea in te admisisti, 1 quae a verecundo inimico audire non
posses. Sed reliquum vitae cursum 2 videte : quern quidem
celeriter perstringam. Ad haec enim, quae in civili bello, in
employed by the Romans in guarding
the chambers of the women, but Curio
was obliged to go further. Some-
times they were chained to the door-
posts ; sometimes dogs were em-
ployed. So Hor. Carm. ' et vigilum
canum Tristes excubiae.'
10. Sestertium sexagies] Six mil-
lions of sesterces. Supr. 16. n.6.
11. Intercessisse] i. e. By his in-
tercession he had obtained from the
money-lenders a sum to that amount.
12. Discidii] Ligar. 2. n. 9.
13. Florentissimce familial] Noticed
thus by Pliny. * Una foeminarum in
omni aevo Lampedo Lacedaemonia re-
peritur, quae regis filia, regis uxor,
regis mater fuit : una Phaerenice,
quae filia, soror, mater Olympionica-
rum : una familia Curionum, in qua
tres continua serie oratores exstite-
runt : una Fabiorum, in qua tres con-
tinui principes senatfis.'
14. Sedavi susrtWi] He did the
first by persuading the father to pay
the debt ; the second by advisiDg him
to keep his son from the society of
Antony.
15. Redimeret] This is to be un-
derstood literally, as debtors were by
the Roman laws bound and handed
over to the creditors as slaves.
16. Congressione] Alloquio, salu-
tatione communi.
17. Patrio jure et potestate] By
the former, (jus), the father had
power over his son's liberty ; by the
latter (potestas), over his life.
18. Illis gladiis] Sc. of the Itu-
reans and other barbarians who were
placed by Antony in and near the
senate-house. Supr. 8.
Sect. XIX. I. In te admisisti]
Mil. 23. n. 19.
2. Reliquum vita curtum] This
takes in merely the period from his as-
sumption of the manly gown at seven-
teen, to the end of his tribunate ; and
this he presently calls ' media,' where-
as his conduct in the civil wars is call-
ed ' extrema.'
PHILIPPICA SECUNDA, Cap. 19.
377
maximis reipublica? miseriis fecit, 3 et ad ea, quae quotidie
tacit, festinat animus. Qua? peto, ut, quamquam multo
notiora vobis quam mihi sunt, tamen, ut facitis, attente audi-
atis. Debet enim talibus in rebus excitare animos non cog-
nitio solum rerum, sed etiam recordatio. Tametsi incida-
mus oportet media, ne nimis sero ad extrema veniamus.
Intimus erat in tribunatu 4 Clodio, qui sua erga me bene-
ticia commemorat ; ejus omnium incendiorum fax : cujus
etiam domi jam turn quiddam molitus est.5 Quid dicam,
ipse optime intelligit. Inde iter 6 Alexandriam contra sena-
tus auctoritatem, 7 contra rempublicam et religiones: 8 sed ha
3. Que? in civili hello fecit] This
is what he subsequently calls * sua?
partes/ and the words ' qua? fecit,'
make it probable that the metaphor is
there taken from the stage.
4. In tribunatu] i. e. ' Intimus
Clodio in tribun. Clodii ;' for which
Clodius had qualified himself by
adoption into a plebeian family. His
object being to harass Cic. and pro-
cure his banishment, in which he
succeeded ; any man who was his
friend must have been Cicero's ene-
my.
5. Quiddam molitus] This is re-
ferred by Manut. to an intrigue with
Kulvia, the wife of Clodius, whom he
afterwards married. This reference is
countenanced by the words ' ipse op-
time intelligit.' Ern. conjectures to
that it may allude to a plot to slay
Clodius ; Abram. to slay Pompey ;
and these agree best with the word
' molitus.'
r>. Inde iter] When Antony had
been separated from Curio, who went
abroad, he attached himself to Clo-
dius, then notorious for his persecu-
tion of Cic. ; but, seeing Clodius's po-
pularity failing, and his enemies daily
increasing, Antony thought it prudent
to withdraw from Rome. He tra-
velled to Greece, and was applying
himself there to the study of learning
and eloquence, when he met Gabi-
nius, the consul of the preceding year,
who was proceeding to take possession
of Syria, the province appointed him
by the Clodian law. Under him, An-
tony accepted of a command, and dis-
tinguished himself in the war against
Aristobulus. About this time, Ptole-
my, king of Egypt, being banished by
the Alexandrians, repaired to Rome,
where he hoped, through the influence
of Pompey, to procure a decree for
his restoration by force of arms. In
this he was disappointed, as a Sibyl-
line oracle was produced forbidding-
it. Pompey, liowever, interfered so
far as to recommend him by letter to
Gabinius, who, urged by the entrea-
ties of Antony, and tempted by the
king's gold, at length acceded to his
terms, and contrary to the order of the
senate, did restore Ptolemy. This
was in the consulship of Pomp, and
Crass., a. u. 698.
7. Contra auctor.] Cic, Q.Fr. ii.
2, says De rege Alexandrino factum
est S. consultum, eum multitudine
reduci periculosum reip. videii ;' so
that ' auctoritas' is not used here in
its technical sense. Mil. 6. n. 6.
8. Religiones] Se. Phil.i. 10. The
so-called Sibylline oracle ran as fol-
lows : * Si yEgypti rex auxilio indigens
quondam venerit, ejus amicitiam ne
abnueritis ; sed ilium cum multitu-
dine ne juveritis. Quod si aliter fac-
K K 2
378
M. T. CICERONIS ORATIO
bebat ducem Gabiniuirij 9 quicum quidvis rectissime facere
]X)sset. Qui turn inde reditus, 10 aut qualis ? Prius in ulti-
mam Galliam 11 ex JEgyyto, quam domum. Quae autem erat
domus ? Suam enim quisque domum turn obtinebat, 12 nee
erat usquam tua. Domum dico ? quid erat in terris, ubi in
tuo pedem poneres, 13 praeter unum Misenum, 1 * quod cum
sociis, tamquam Sisaponem, tenebas ?
XX. Venisti e Gallia ad quaesturam 1 petendam. Aude
dicere, te prius ad parentem tuum 2 venisse, quam ad me.
Acceperam jam ante Caesaris literas, ut mihi satisfieri pate-
rer 3 a te : itaque ne loqui quidem sum te passus de gratia.
Postea cultus sum* a te, tu a me observatus 5 in petitione
turn fuerit, labores et pericula habe-
bitis.' This forgery Pompey justly
despised.
9. Gabinium] Manil. 17 n. 6.
10. Qui reditus] Another man
would have returned home to visit his
friends, at least his mother ; Antony
proceeded at once to Gaul. His affairs,
therefore, must have been desperate,
and the course of life which made
them so, flagitious.
11. In ultimam Galliam] i. e.
' Itemotissimam ab ^Egypto.' Caesar
was in Britain when Gabinius return-
ed from Egypt ; but soon after returned
to Belgium, to winter-quarters, and
was joined by Antony ; who, wishing
to solicit the qutestorship, procured let-
ters from him to Cic. He easily ad-
mitted of his excuses, bowed to the
authority of Caesar, and took the ' vul-
gare scortum' under his patronage !
12. Suam turn obtinebat] Mean-
ing that times were changed ; for
Antony was now in possession of
Pompey's house.
13. Ubi pedem poneres] i.e." Had
possession of ' a phrase borrowed from
an old custom of litigants proceeding
to the ground in dispute, and setting
foot on it ; then, after a sham scuffle,
appealing to the praetor.
14. Misenum] Manil. 12. n. 9.
Antony had a small estate and villa at
ihe promontory of this name, which had
belonged to his grandfather, the ora-
tor, (de Or. ii. 14), and was his usual
retreat even at the time when this ora-
tion was spoken. (Att. xv. 1.) It
appears, inf. 29, that he had mort-
gaged or sold a part of it 'ex quibus,
praeter partem Miseni, nihil erat, quod
posset suum dicere.' This explains
the allusion in the words, cum sociis,
tanquam Sisaponem ;' for Antony had
partners (socii) in the property of his
villa; namely his creditors, just as the
lead mines in Sisapo belonged to a
joint stock mining company. Plin.
Nat. H. iii. 1, testifies that Sisapo
was a town of Spain, near Cordova,
celebrated for its mines of red lead.
Sect. XX. 1. Ad quasturam]
The first public office held by public-
men.
2. Parentem tuum] His father had
been long dead. Al. tuam, sc. Julia,
the sister of L. Caesar. Charisius
maintains that heres, parens, homo,
though applied to a woman, remain
masc. V. E.
3. Satisjieri paterer] The offence
of Antony was, his joining the party
of Clodius.
4. Cultus sum] Ern. custoditus
sum, which reading must be referred
to Antony's guarding Cicero from
the Clodian mob.
5. Observatus] This word, in its
secondary sense of ' venerari,' was
PHILIPPICA SECUNDA, Cap. 21. 379
quaesturae. Quo quidem tempore 6 P. Clodium, approbante
populo Romano, in foro es conatus occidere : quumque earn
rem tua sponte conarere, non impulsu meo ; tamen ita prae-
dicabas, te non existimare, nisi ilium interfecisses, unquam
mihi pro tuis in me injuriis 7 satis esse facturum. In quo
demiror, cur Milonem impulsu meo rem illam egisse dicas,
quum te, ultro mihi idem illud deferentem, nunquam sim
adhortatus. Quamquam, 8 si in eo perseverares, ad tuam
i^loriam rem illam referri malebam, quam ad meam gra-
tiam. 9 Quaestor es factus. Deinde continuo sine senatus-
eonsulto, sine sorte, sine lege 10 ad Caesarem cucurristi. Id
onim unum in terris egestatis, aeris alieni, nequitiae, perditis
vitae rationibus perfugium esse ducebas. lbi te quam et
illius largitionibus et tuis rapinis explevisses, (si hoc est
explere, quod 11 statim eftundas,) advolasti egens ad tri-
bunatum, 12 ut in eo magistratu, si posses, viri tui 13 similis
esses.
XXI. Accipite nunc, quaeso, non ea, quae 1 ipse in se, at-
que in domesticum dedecus impure atque intern peranter, sed
quae in nos fortunasque nostras, id est in universam rempub-
licam, impie ac nefarie fecerit. Ab hujus enim scelere
omnium malorum principium natum reperietis. Nam, quum
applied to that patronage which was was sometimes done. Att. vi. b*.
vouchsafed by public men of long ' Pompeius, eo robore vir, Q. Cassium
standing, to youths setting out in pub- sine sorte delegit, Cccsar Antonium,
lie life. Mil. In trod. 3. ego sorte datum [quaestorem] oftende-
6. Quo quidem tempore] Mil. 15. rem?'
This attempt occurred after Cicero's 11. Explere, quod] A word seems
return from banishment. wanting before ' quod.' Sch. supplies
7. Pro tuis in me injuriis] Sc. by ingerere ; others devorare. Em. con-
beingy'ax incendiorum of Clodius. tends that quod should be quum.
8. Quamquam] Mil. 2. n. 18. 12. Ad tribunatum] The next of-
9. Meum grutiam] The obliging of fice after the quaestorsliip, was either
me. the acdileship or tribuneship. Antony,
10. SineS. C. sorte lege] Quaes- whose talents were by this time fully
tors were appointed at the comitia tri- developed to Cassar, was directed by
buta. The particular province of each, him to proceed to Home and sue for
however, was usually determined by a the latter, in order to assist in support-
decree of the senate, by casting lots, ing his interest there.
or, on extraordinary occasions, by a 13. Viri tui] Curio. Supr. 2. n.
law of the people. Antony, however, 15.
after his election by the people, with- Sect. XXI. 1. Non ea, qua,, fyc]
out waiting for any particular appoint- Cic, however, notices these inf. par-
ment, set out for Caesar who had made ticularly, c. 23. 25.
choice of him as his quaestor, which
380
M. T. CICERONIS ORATIO
L. Lentulo, C. Marcello, 2 consulibus, Kalendis Januariis la-
bantem 3 et prope cadentem rempublicam fulcire cuperetis,
Jpsique C. Caesari, si sana mente esset, consulere velletis :
turn iste venditum atque emancipatum 4 tribunatum consiliis
vestris opposuit/ cervicesque suas ei subjecit securi, 6 qua
multi minoribus 7 in peccatis occiderunt. In te, M. Antoni,
id decrevit senatus, et quidem incolumis, nondum tot lumi-
nibus exstinctis, quod in hostem togatum 8 decerni est so-
litum more majorum. Et tu apud patres conscriptos contra
me dicere ausus es, quum ab hoc ordine ego conservator es-
sem, tu hostis reipublicae judicatus? Commemoratio illius
tui sceleris intermissa est, non memoria deleta. Dum genus
hominum, dum populi Romani nomen exstabit, (quod qui-
dem erit, si per te licebit, sempiternum !) tua ilia pestifera in-
2. L. Lentulo, C. Marcello] Sc.
k. v. 704. . There were at this time
at Rome, three Marcelli, Marcus,
consul in 702, for whose restoration
Cic. returned thanks to Caesar ; Cai-
us, his brother, now consul ; and
Caius, a cousin, the father of the
Marcellus of Virgil. They were all
distinguished opponents of Caesar.
3. Labantem] Al. labentem ; which
reading is found in the Vatican MS.
but Scheller prefers the former. ' Ful-
cimus doraum labantem, non laben-
tem.' Garaton. V. E.
4. Emancipatum] Sold, enslaved.
' Mancipium,' or ' res mancipi,'
meant real property, which the owner
could put out of his hands or alienate
at pleasure ; and hence, ' emanci-
pated.' But this could not be done
without the right of possession being
ceded to another ; hence, 2. ' trans-
ferred, enslaved,' as here. Her.
Epod. 9. * Romanus emancipatus
foeminae.' Al. mancipatum, which
indeed is generally a different read-
ing for ' emancipatum' in this sense.
Vid. Forcel.
5. Tribunatum opposuit] Caesar's
popularity with the plebeians caused
i lie aristocracy to unite themselves
more closely with Pompey, who had
already, on the death of Julia, given
plain intimations of hostility to Cae-
sar. Caesar's interest was zealously
supported at Rome by Antony, who,
by a decree of the people, had the
legions that were raised for Pompey
sent into Syria, to Bibulus, who
obliged the senate to hear Caesar's
written defence. A motion was made
by the consul Marcellus, that either
Caesar or Pompey should resign his
command ; it was moved and carried,
by Antony, that both should resign.
This decision, the consuls, of course,
opposed. Finally, when Antony had
interposed his veto against the various
propositions of Caesar's opponents,
and his own, in return, were rejected
by them, a vote of the senate was
passed, which forced him and his
colleague, Cassius, to leave the city
in the disguise of slaves, and take re-
fuge with Caesar. Caes. B.C. 4.
6. Ei securi] i. e. To the danger
resulting from a decree of the senate,
by which any one who persisted in
impeding its acts, was decided to
have acted against the republic.
7. Minoribus] Sc. than what you
committed.
8. In hostem togatum] i. e. He
was judged a public enemy. The
PHILIPPICA SECUNDA, Cap. 22.
IS I
tercessio 9 nominabitur. Quid cupide 10 a senatu, quid temere
fiebat, quum tu, unus adolescens, 11 universum ordinem decer-
nere de salute reipublicae prohibuisti ? neque id semel, sed
saepius? neque tu tecum de senatus auctoritate agi passus
es ? Quid autem agebatur, nisi ne deleri et everti rempub-
licam funditus velles, 12 quum te neque principes civitatis
rogando, neque majores natu monendo, neque frequens sena-
tus agendo, de vendita atque addicta 13 sententia movere po-
tuit ? Turn illud, multis rebus ante tentatis, necessario tibi
vulnus 14 inflictum est, quod paucis ante te, quorum incolu-
mis fuit nemo. Turn contra te dedit arma hie ordo consu-
libus reliquisque imperiis et potestatibus : 15 qua? non effugis-
ses, nisi te ad arma Caesaris contulisses. 16
XXII. Tu, tu, inquam, M. Antoni, princeps C. Caesari,
omnia perturbare cupienti, causam belli 1 contra patriam infe-