amoenum, Pursh.
perfoliatum, Litan. Boneset. Thorough wort
sessilifolium, Linn.
Euphorbia corolata, Linn.
maculata, Linn.
polygonifolia, lion.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
480 HOUSE DOCUMENTS.
Equisetum anrense, Linn. Horse tail
hyemale LIdd. Scouring rush
limosum, Torrey.
F.
Fagus sylvatica, Linn. Beech
Festuca duriuscula ? Linn.
nutans, Ww.
tenella, Ww.
Fragaria vir^iniana, Linn. Strawberry
Frasera caroTiniensis, Walter. Columbo
Fraxinus acuminata, La M arck.. White ash
pubescens, Walter. Red ash
sambucifolia, vVw. Black ash
Fuirena squarrossa, Mx.
G.
Galeopsis Tetrahit, Linn. Flowering nettle
Galium asprellum ? Mx.
boreale, Pursh.
circaezans, Mx.
lanceolatum, Torrey.
obtusum ? Bw.
pilosum, Aiton.
tinctorium, Linn. Wild madder
trifidum, Linn.
Gaultheria hispidula, Muhl.
prpcumbenst Linn. Wintei^reen
Gaura biennis, Linn. Virginian loosestrife
Gentiana crinita, Froelich. Fringed gentian
quinqueflora, Ww.
saponaria, Linn. Soap gentian
Geranium maculatum, Linn. Crane's bill
robertianum, Linn.
Gerardia auriculata, Mx.
flava, Linn. Fal«e foxglove
glauca, Eddy.
pedicularia, Linn.
purpurea, Linn.
Greum rivale, Linn. Purple avens
strictum, Aiton. Upwright avens
virginianum. Linn. Avens
Gleditschia triacanthos, Linn. Honey locust
Glyceria fluilans, Brown. Water fescue grass
Gnaphalium plantagineum, Linn.
polycephalum, Mx. Life everlasting
uliginosum, Linn. Cud weed
Goodyera pubescens, Brown. Rattle snake plantaia
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
HOUSE DOCUMENTS. 4SI
Gyroinia yirginica, Nutt. Indian cucumber
H.
Habenaria bracteata, Brown. Vegetable satyr
cilians, Brown. Orchis
dilatata, Pursh, Giant orchis
fimbriata, Brown.
crandiflora, Torrey.
nerbiola, Brown.
huronensis, Sprei^L
orbiculata, Pursh.
psycodes, Sprengel.
tridentata, Hooker.
Hamanrielis virginica, Linn. Witch hazel
Hedeoma pulegioides, Persoon. Pennyroyal
Helenium autumnale, Linn.
Helianthemum canadense, Mz. Rock rose
Helianthus aitissimus* Linn.
divaricatus ? Linn.
frondosus, Ww.
giganteus, Linn,
gracilis
strumosus, Linn.
trachelifolius, Ww.
Heliopsis laevis, Persoon.
Hepatica acutiloba, D. C.
americana* D. C. Liverwort
Heracieum lanatum, M x. Masterwort. Cow parsnip
Heuchera americana, Linn. Alum root
Hibiscus trionum, Linn.
Hieracium Gronovii, Linn.
kalmii, Linn. , i . .
marianuiti, Ww.
paniculatum, Linn.
scouleri, Hedwig.
venosum, Linn. Blood wort
Hippophae canadensis, Ww. Sea buckthorn,
Hippuris vulgaris, Linn.
Houstonia ciliolata, Torrey.
Hydrastis canadensis. Linn. Golden seal Yellow root
Hydrocotyle umbellata, Linn.
Hydropeltis purpurea, Mx. ^ Water shield
Hydrophyllum canadense, llinn. Rough burr flower
virginicum. Linn. Burr flower
Hypericum ascyroides, Ww.
canadense, Linn.
parviflorum, Ww.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
4» HOUSE DOCUMENTS*
Hypericum prolificum, Lino.
punctatum, La Marck.
virginicum, Linn.
Hypoxis erecta, Linn. Star grass
Hyssopus nepetoides, Ww. Giant hyssop
scrophularifolius Ww.
L
Ictodes foeiidus, Bw. Skunk cabbage
Impatiens fulva, Nutt Speckled jewels
palida, Nutt. Jewel weed
Inula Helenium, Linn. Elecampane
Iris versicolor, Linn. Wild flag .
Isnardia palustris, Linn. Water purslane
J.
Juncus acuminatus, Mz*
bufonius, Linn.
effusus, Linn. Bulrush
nodosus, Linn.
polycephalus, Mx.
setaceus, Rostk.
tenuis, Ww.
Juniperus communis, Linn* Juniper
virginianus, Linn. Red cedar
K.
Kalmia glauca, Alton* Swamp laurel
Krigia amplexicaulis, M x.
Koeleria nitida, Nutt.
pennsylvanica, D. C.
truncata, Torrey.
Kuhnia critonia, Ww.
L.
Lactuca elongata, Muhl. Wild lettuce
sanguinea, Bw. Wood lettuce
Latbyrus ochroleucus. Hooker.
myrtifolius, Muhl.
pulustris, Linn. Marsh pea
venosus, Muhl.
Laurus Benziun, Linn. Spice bush. Fever bush
sassai'rass, Linn. Sassafrass tree
Lechea major, Mx. Pinn weed
Leersia oryzoides, Swartz. Cut grass
virginic I, Ww. While grass. Rice grass
Lemna minor, Linn. Green duck meat
polyrrhiza, Linn. Water flax seed
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
BKltniB DOCUHfiim. .03
Lemna triscula, LIdd. DuckiliMt
Leootice tbalictroides, Linn. Poppoose-root False coh<^h .
Leontodon Taraxacum, Linn« Dapdelion
Leonurud cardiaca, Linn. Motherwort ^ ' /.
Lepidium virginicum, Linn* Wild peppefgrass
Leptandra virginica, Linn. Culver^i phydic \
Lespedeea angustifolia, Elliott.
capitaUiy Mx.
polystachia, Mx.
proetrata? Pursh.
reticulata, Persoon.
Tiolacea, Persoon.
Liatria cylindrica, Mx.
scartoea, Ww.
spicata, Ww. Gay (bather
squarrosat Ww.
Liliuoi canadense, Linn. Nodding filv
philadelphicunH Linn. Red lily
Lindemta attenuata, Muhl. liaise hedge hyssop
dilatata, Muhl. Pimpernel
Lmnaea borealis, Gronovius. Twin flower
Linum usitatissimum, Linn. Flax
â–¼irginianum, Linn. Wild flax
Uriodendron tulijpifera, Linn. Whitewood, tulip tree
Lithospermum officinale, Linn. GromweH
Lobelia cardinalis, Linn. Cardinal flower
Claytoniana, Mx.
Kalmii, Linn.
siphilitica, Linn*
Loliom temulentum. Lino.
Lonicera parviflora, LaMarek.
Ludwigia alternifolia, Ww. Se^ box
Lupinus perennis, Linn. Wild lupine
Luzula campestris4 D. C.
pilosa, Ww.
Lycopus europeus, Linn. Water horebouod
virginicos, Linn. Bugle-weed
Lysimachia capitata, Putsh.
ciliata, Linn. Money wort
hybrida, Mx.
quadrifolia, Linn*
revduta, Nutt
stricta, Aiton. Loosestrife
Lytbrum Salicaria, Pursh. Milk willow heHi
Lycopodium complanatum, Linn. Ground pine
lucidulufD^ Mx. Moon-fruit pine
64
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
tf4 Hcxrae DOGUMSNis.
M.
Malaxis lillifolia. Ww. Twayblade
Malva rotundifolia, Linn. J^ow l^lallows
Marrubim vulgare, Linn. Horebound
Melanthium glaucum, Nott
Menispermum canadcnse, Linn. Moonseed .
Mentha borealis, Mx. Horsemint
piperita, Smith. Peppormint
Menyanthes trifoliata, Linn. Buckbean
Microstylis ophioglossoides, Nmu
Milium efiusum, Linn. Millett
pungens, Torrey, Dwarf milletgraw
Mimulus alatus, Linn.
ringens, Linn. Monkey flower
Mitchella repens, Linn. Checkerberry. Prtridgeberry
Mitella cordifolia, LaMarck.
diphylla, Linn. Currant leaf
Momordica echinatn, Muhl.
Monarda allophylla, Mx.
punctata, Linn.
Mollugo verticillata, Linn. Carpet we^d
Monotropa uniflora, Linn. Indian pipe-bird'a[ nest
MuhlenbergiA diflfusa, SchiebeV. Dropseed grass
Myriophyllum verticillatum, Linn. Waier milfoil
' • N.
Nasturtium amphibium, Brown. Water radish
natans, D. C.
palustre, D. C.
Nemopanthes canadensis, D. C. Wild holly* Mouotato boUy*
Nemophila paniculata, Sprengel. .
Nepeta cataria, Linn. Catqip
Nicandra physaloides, Persoon.
Nuphai advena, Aiton.
Kalmiana, Aitoiu
Nymphaea odorata, Aiton. White pond lily
Nyssa multiflora, Walter. Pepperidge
O.
(Enothera biennis, Linn. Scabish
f^uticosa, Linti. Sundrops
muricata. Linn.
pumila, Linn* ,,
Onoclea sensibilis, Linn* Sensitive fern
Onosmodium hispidum, Mx. FaJse gromyv>elI >
Qrobanche americana, Linn.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
HOUSB DOCQBfENO^ 4M
Orobonche uniflora, Lino. Sqqaw roojt Caacfr root ,
Oryxopsis asperifolia, Mx. Mountain rice ...
Osmorhiza brevistylis. D. C.
longistyliSf'D. C. Sweet cicily j
Qsmunda cinnamomea, Linn. Flowering fei;o
interrupta>.Mx.
regalis, Mx.
Ostrya virginica, Ww. Hop hornbeam. . Iron wood
Ozalis stricta, Linn. Yellowwood aorre|. Sheep 4orrel
Ozycoccua macrxxatrpusy Fursb, '^ Cranberry . }
— • P.- ' '
Panax quinquefolia, Linn. Ginseng , , . , i
trifolia, Linn. Dw&ri'grouqdQiil
Pttnicum capillare, Linn. , ,
crus-galli, Linn. Bam grass
dichotomum? Linn. .
nervosum, Mubl.
nitidum, LaMarck, and ivarieties. Panie grass
pubescens, LaMarck.
virgatum, Linn.
Pamassia americana, Muhl Flowering plantain
Pastinaca sativa, Linn. Parsnip
Pedicularis canadensis, Linn. Lousewort
pallida, Pursh.
Pentborum seboides, Linn. Virginian orpine
Pentstemon pub^ic^ Alton, fieard tongue ^
Pbalaris americana, Elliott Wild canary^grass
Phaseolus diversifoliqs, Persoon.
Phleum pratense, Linn. Timothy grass j
Phlox aristata, Mx.
Phragmites communis, Trinius. Common reed
Phryma leptostachya, Linn. Lopseed >. . .' .. . /i
Physalis.obscura, &{ X. GroMnd cherry . ^ .
Phytolacca decandra, Linn. Pokeberry ,
Pinus pendula, Aiton. Tamarack. Hackmatack \
re^inosa, Aiton. Yellow pine. Norway pine. Red pin^
8trobus« Linn. White pine
Piptatherum nigrum, Torrey., Clustered millet grass
Pisum. maritimum, linn.
Plantago cordata, LaMarck.
lanceofata, Linn. Snake pIant{^n .]
major, Linn. Plantain \ . ' :
Platanus occidentalism Linn. Buttonwood* Sycamore , '
Poa annua, Linn.
aquatica v. americana, Torrey
capillarisy Linn.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
4s* ift)tTSfi DoctiMerrrB.
Poa coippmisft, IAml BhiegrciM
eragrostis, LiDAi
birsuta, Mx.
oenioralis, Linn.
nervata, Ww.
pratensis, Linn. English grass. Meackiw graii
reptans, Mx.
serotina, Ehrhert
triviaKs, Linn. Fnstur^ffrass
Podophyllum peltatum, Linn. Mandrake. May apple
Poigonia ophioglossoides, Brown. Snake-mouth arethusa
Polanisia graveolens, Kafinesque
Tdygfila cruciata, Nutt
paucifolia Ww. Flowering wintergreen
paucifolia v. albai Eights.
purpurea, Nutt.
Senega, Linn. Seneca snake-root
?erticillata> Linn. Dwarf snake root
Polygonum amphibium, Linn. Mud knot-wee4
arifolium, Linn.
aviculare, Linn. Knot-grass
Convolvulus, Linn. Bind knot-weed
Fagopyrum, Linn. Buckwheat
lapathifoliuro, Linn.
mite, Persoon. Tasteless knot-weed
pennsylvanicum. Lino.
rersictria, Linn. Hearts ease, Lady's thumb
punctatum, Elliott Water pepper
sagittatum, Linn.
scandens, Linn,
tenue, Mx,
virginianum, Linn.
Polymnia canadensis, Linn- White leaf-cup
Uvedalia, fiinij. Yellow leaf-cup
Polypogon racemosua, Nutt
Pootederia cordata, ii nn. Pickerel- Weed
Fopuhia canadensis, Mx.
candicans, Alton. Balsam poplar
grandidenta, Mx. Ttee fioplar
tremuloides, Mx. White poplar. Ametiean aspen
Porcelia triloba, Persoon. Pawpaw. Costard apple
Portulacca oleracea, Linn. Partlane
Potampgeton heterophyllum, Schreber.
natans, Linn. Pond-weed
lucenis, Linn.
pectinatum, Linn.
perfoliatum, Linn.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
HOtrse DOGUMBNTa 4m
PMamcceton zosterifoliain. Trinhii.
Poteotilb Anserioa, Linn. Taoiej auqcuMit Sib«r-I«af
arguta, Pursh.
caattdenm, Linn. FiTe-finger
Comarum, D. C. Marsh five-finger
fhiticosa, Linn. Shrobt^ cinquefoil
norvegica» [jinn* Cinquefoil
Prenanthes racemosa, Mx.
Serpentaria, Purtti.
Prinos verticillatus, Linn. Winterberry. False akfer
Prunella vulgaris, Linn. Heal all. Self heal
Prunus americana, Marshall. Meadow plum
depressa, Pursh. Saod eberry
obovata, Beck.
pennsylvanica, Alton*
Ptelea trifoliata, Linn. ' .
Pteris aaailiRa, Linn. Common brake
Pycnanthemum virginicum, Persoon. Virginian thyme
l^rrda elliptica, Nutt. White wintergreen
rotundifolia, Linn. Shin-leaf
secunda Linn. One-sided shin-leaf
umbellata> Linn. Prince's pine
Pyrus coronaria, Linn. Crab, apple
melanocarpa, \Vw.
Q.
Qoercus alba, Linn. White oak
bicolor, Ww. Swamp white oak
imbricaria, Mx. Shingle oak. Laurel oak
macrocarpa, Linn. Overleap oak. Burr oak
rubra, Limi. Red oak
Qoeria canadensis, Linn. Forked chiokweed
Ranunculus abortivus, Linn.
acris, Lisa Crowfoot Butter«oMp
aquatilis, Lmn. Water crowfoot
fiiscicularis, Muhl.
lacustris. Beck and Tracy. Lake crowfoot
peRBBylvauicos, Lkin,
recurvatus, Poiret
repens, Linn.
Ranunculus sceleratus, Lino. Celery crowfoot
Rensselaeria virgioica. Beck. Water arum
Rbamnos frangufoidMs^ Mx* Dwarf alder
Rhus copallina, Lktm. Mountain sumach
glabra, LiniK Sleek somach
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
498 HOUfiE D0CUMSNT8.
Rhus radicans, Linn. Poison ivy
toxicodendron, Linn. Poison ash
typhina, Linn. Sumach *
venenata, D. C. Poison elder. Poison aumaoh
Rhynchospora alba, Vahl.
glomerata, Vahl. False boff rush
Ribes iloridum, L'Heritier. Wild black currant
gracile, Mx.
triflorum, Ww. Wild gooseberry
Rochelia lappula, R. and S.
virginiana, R. and S.
Rosa Carolina, Linn. Swamp rose
{)arviflora, Ehrhart. Wild ro9e
rondosus, Bw. Leafy raspberry
occidentals, Linn. Thimbleberry« Black raspberry
saxatilis, Mx.
trivialis, Mx. Creeping blackberry. Dewberry
villosus, Alton. High blackberry
Rudbeckia hirta, Linn.
laciniata, Linn. Cone-flower.
pinnata, Mx.
purpurea, Linn.
Ruellia strepens, Linn. Ruel
Rumex acetosellus, Linn. Field sorrel
acutU3, Linn.
brittanicus, Linn.
crispus, Linn. Yellow dock
S.
Sabbatia angularis, Pursh. American centaury
Sagittaria saigittifolia, Linn. Arrow-head
Salix Muhlenbergia, Ww. Speckled willow.
recurvata, Pursh. Shrub willow
rosmarinfolia, Linn. Rosemary willow
Sanguinaria canadensis, Linn. Blood-root
Sambucus canadensis^ Linn. BIack4)erried elder
pubescens, Persoon. Red-berried elder
Sanguisorba canadensis, Lintu Burnet saxifrage
Sanicula marylandica, Linn. Sanicle
Saponaria officinalis, Linn. Soap- wort BouncipgBet
vaccaria, Linn. Field soap-wort
Sarracenia purpurea, Linn. Sidesaddle
Saururus cernuus, Linn. Lizard's tail
Saxifraga pennsylvanica, Linn. Water saxifrage
Scheuchzeria palustris» Linn. Less flowering rush
Schoenus mariscoides, Muhl. Water bog rush
Schollera grammea, Barton. YeUow-eytnl water-grass
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
HOUSE 1K)CUMBNTS. 499
Scirpos acicalaris, Linn.
acutus, Muhl.
americanus, Persoon. ji
autumnalis, Lino.
brunneus, Muhl.
capillaris, Lino.
capitatus, Linn.'
Erisphortiov Ms*
equisetoides, Elliott.
lacustris, Lion.
lineatus, Mx.
macrostachyos, Muhl.
palustris, Linn. Marsh club rush
spadiceus, Lion.
sub-squarrosus, Muhl.
sub-terininalis, Torrey.
tenuis, Ww. Club rush
Selena triglomerata, Mx. Whip-grass
Scrophularia ianceolata, Pursh.
mnrylandica, Linn. Fig-wort
Scutellaria ambigua, Nutt.
cordifolia, Muhl. ^
^alericulata, Linn. ScuU*cap
lateriflora, Linn. Mad-dog scull-cap
Senecio Balsamitae, Muhl. Balsam groundsel
hieracifolius, Linn. Fire- weed
Senecio vulgaris, Linn. Groundsel
Setaria glauca, P. de. B. Fox tail. Panic grass
Sida Abutilon, Linn. Indian mallows
Silene antirrhina, Linn. Bleepy catch fly
stellata, Aiton.
Silphium gummiferum, Elliott. Rosin plant
perfoliatum, Linn. Riagged cup
terebinthinaceum, Linn. Prairie dock
Sinapis nigra, Lina. Black mustard
Sisymbriuiti ofitcinale, Scopoli. Hedge mustard
Sisyrinchium anceps, Cavanilles. Blue eyed grass
Sium latiiblium, Linn. Water parsnip
Smilacina bifolia, Des Fontaines. Dwarf Solomon^s seal
racemosa, Des Fontaines. Spiked Solomon's seal
stellata, Des Fontaines.
Smilax herbacea, Linn. Bohea tea
peduncularis, Muhl. Jacob's ladder
rotundifolia, Linn. Horse brier. Green brier
Sdanum nigrum, Linn. Deadly nightshade
Solidago axillaris, Pursb.
canadensis, Limk Canadian golden rod
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
' MO UOUm DOCUMBIITS.
Sdidago juncea, Alton.
flexicauUs, Linn.
lanceolata, Alton.
nemoralis, Alton.
rigida, Linn.
serotina, Aiton. Smooth golden rod
Sonchus oleraceus v. a8pera,Linn. Sow tfaiitie
Sparganium americanum, Nutt Lake burr reed
ramo8um> Smith. Burr reed
Spartina cynosuroides, Ww. Spiked salt grass
Spergula arvensis, Linn.
Spiraea lobata, Jacquin.
opulifolia, Linn. Nine bark» hard hack. SnowbaH
salicirolia, Linn. Willow hard hack
tomentosa, Linn. Steeple bush
Spiranthes cernua, Richard. Nodding ladies' tr
gracilis, Beck.
tortilis, Richard.
Stachys aspera, Mx. Hedge nettle
hyssopifolia, Mx.
Staphylea trifolia, Linn.
Stellari longifolia, Muhl.
media, Smith. Chick weed
Stipa uvenacea, Linn.
Feather grass
juncea, Pursh.
Streptopus roseus, Mx. Rose bell*wort
Tephrosia virginica, Pmoon. Goat's rue
Teucrium canadense, Linn* Wood sage
Thaclictrum cornuti. Hooker
dioicum, Linn. Meadow rue
Thaspium barbinode, Nutt.
Thesium umbellatum, Muhl. False toad flax
Thuya occidentalis, Linn. White cedar. Arbor vttss
Tiarella cordifolia, Linn. Mitre wort
Tilia fflabra, Ventenant. Basswood. Limetioe
Tofieldia glotinosa, Mx.
Tradescantia virginica, Linn. Spider woft
Trichodium laxinorum, Mx.
scabrum, Muhl.
Tricuspis sesleroides, Torrey. Red top
Trientals americana» Pursh. Chick wintergreen
Trifolium pratense. Lino. Red clover
repens, Linn. White clover
Triglocbin maritimay Lka Arrow grass
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
Trifflochm palustre, Linn. Marsh arrow grart
Triliium erectum, Linn. Fdlse Wake roBiri
erythrocarpum, Mx". Smiling wake robiri
grandiflorum, Salisbury.
Triostcum perfoliatum, Lino. Fever root. Wild coffee
Triphora pendula, Nutt. Three bird orchis
Trisetum purpurascehs; Torrey.
Typha latifolia, Liao. Cal tail. Reed nnaee
U.
Ulmua fulva, Mx. Slippery elm. Red elm
Urtica canadensis, Linn. Canada nettle. Albany heijip
capitata, Lion.
dioica, Linn. Common nettle
pumila, Linn. Stindess nettle
Utricularia fornicata ? LeConte.
gibba, Gronovius.
macrorhiza. LeConte. Bladder wort
purpurea, Walter.
Uvularia grandiflora, Shiith.
sessilifolia; Lrnn;
V-
Vaccinium pennsylvanicum, LaMarck. Whortleberry
resinosum, Aitoo. fijack wfiortlebJerry
Verbascum Blat;^aria, Linn. Moth mullein
thapsQs, Linn. Mullein
Verbena earoliniana ? I^igm^y vervain - . ;
hastata, Linn. Vervain , /
urticiforia, Linn. Nettfe leaf vervain
VernonJa nove boracensis, Ww. Flat top
Veronica Anagallis, Linn. Brook pimpernel
arvensis, Linn. Wall speedwell
beccabunga, Linn.
scutellata, Lmn. Scull-cap speedwell
Viburnum acerifolium, Linn. Arrow wood
oxycoccus, Pursh. High cranberry
pubescens, Pursh.
Vicia americann, Muhl.
earoliniana, Walter.
cracca, Linn. 1 ufted vetch
Vitis aestivalis, Mx. Summer grape
riparia» Mx. Odoriferous grape
Viola blanda, Ww. Smooth violet
canadensis, Linn.
cucullata, Ailon. Blue violet
muhlenbergianaf Genging. Slender viole*
ovata, Nutt.
55
Digitized by VjOOQI^
m HOUS^ DQCUMSNm
Viola pedata, Linn.
pubesceDs, Alton. Yellow violet
rostrata, Muhl. Beaked violet
X.
Xanthium strumarium, Linn. Clot burr
Xanthoxylum fraxineum, Ww. Prickly ash
Xylosteum ciilatum Pursh. Twin berry
Xyris caroliniana, Walter. Yellow eyed grass
Z.
Zizania aquatica, Lambert, Wild ricOf Wild oats
iSizia aurea, Koch. Meadow parsnip
cordata, ICooh. Alexanders
integerima, D. C.
Abbtematims of Authcn^s names.
Bw Bigelow.
D. C DeCandole.
Lind. • • • • • Lindley.
Linn. • • • Linneaus.
M^.... • Michaux.
Nutt Nuttall.
Muhl • . • Muhlenberg.
P. de B. • • Palisot de Seatrvois.
R. & S. • • .Roemer & Schuites.
Ww Willctenow.
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
HOtrSB DOCUMENTS. 4i^
(No- 8.),
Rqmi €f 8. W. JERggins, Ibpogre^ktr^
To Douglass Houghton, Slate Geologist Michigan.
SiB^I herewith present a summary of the prooeedings ef the*
department which you did me the honor to piaee umer piyf'
charge, with such facts in relation thereto as have been deemed
of impoTtance.
It IS fortunate for the success of our undertaking, that in the,
new states the surveys of the general government ttuye superce^
ded the necessity of a large expenditure of time and funds in de-,
Tcloping the surface of the countrv, by means of tri^<v)ometrical
surveys. In order, therefore, to determine what strictly belongs*
to this branch, it was presumed that the information which might
be obtained by refernng to the several land offices^ would prqve
sufficient.
It was thus my first object to make copies of all the records in
the state, and collect from every source all the information in mv
power. For that purpose, after commencing with the Detroit
land office, I proceeded to Flint ; from thence to Ionia and Elala-
mazoo, and lastly to Monroe, where this part of my labors ter-
minatCii, having obtained copies of 763 townships, Th^e I set
about compiling immediately into counties^ connecGnff the sec-
tional lines and streams. Copies of the counties, on a fineii] scale
of two miles to the inch, as well as separate townships on an en-
larged scale, have been used by the geological corps successfully
in their explorations, for the purpose* not only of noting the ce-
ology in detail, but of delineating the true course of the smaUer,
strciims, the extent of swamps and marshes, public roads and im-
Krovements. Incorrectness will not be owing to the want of Ia«
or or attention bestowed, and from the materials in progress of
collectiuo, a certainty arises of a more correct execution, of the
maps to be made hereafter, than of any heretofore consiructed.
It is to be regretted that there are so few statistics of the lakes.'
Many of the particulars which I have inserted appear indefinile
for the want of more certain data ; particularly their depth. In
general, too much is leit to conjecture, and until the necessity is
urged upon the general government for a thorough hydrographi*
cal survey, and ac*,urate descriptions of every part of them, losses
and disappointment will check the ardor of enterprise. Much of
the destruction of property may be charged to the want of charts^
and the losses of a single year will amount to far more than th«,
cost of an entire survey. A commencement of such a survey was
made when Grov. Casa occupied the war department, but cease4
Digitized by VjOOQ IC
at the end of two years, having extended from the foot of Lake
Huron to Middle Island.*
For a description of our topg^raDbical location, data were rea«
dily obtained from the records of the public works in the adjoin-
ing states. Thek vari^Ui pubKp ioiprovements h^ue led to the
exploration of every point of importance, and fron^ a comf^risooit
of these points, with the records of our own public works, the
tiM0 poiilion of every required place on the southern portba of
the. pooiniula may be relatively known.
Topographical location of Michigan.
The topography of the stale pf Michigan, when viewed in ge-
lation to Its exterior position, being separated by a natural boun-
dai:y of rivers and lakes on the east and norlh-east from Uppei;
Canada, fronfi Illipois and Wisconsin on the west and south-west,
and ifrom OhV^nd Indiana on the south, or only In reference to
tRe space included within its own political and isolated bpup^a*
rlcs, presents many peculiar features.
Lake Michigan on the west and north-west. Lake Huron, the
river and lake ^t. Clair, the straits of Detroit, with the west epd
of Lake Erie on the east and north-east, enclose a peninsula form-,
iogacone, of which the straits of Mackinaw is the apex, the
sbutli lipe or base being one hundred and seventy-four miles east
and west, and the length north and south three hundred miles.
Will} this extent of coast, the number of large rivers, and th^ io-
6iity of small interior lakes, gives the utmost facilities to internal
navigation ; add to t|iis the superior quality of the soil, its easy
tillage, the heavy and abundant crops, and perhaps the whole is
not surpassed by any section of equal extent on the surface of the
globe.
' The northern or upper peninsula belongs to a higher level
Beginning at the eastern e- id of Lake Superior, and runnjng south-
erly along the Sault de Ste. Marie's river, it lies nearly at right
5 southern or peninsula proper, and separated from
Lake Michigan and Green Bay, as far as Meno-
[t thence takes a northwest course to Montreal
i mouth of which, it follows the southern shor^.of
to the place of beginning; presenting an irregut^c
Jated form, varying from twenty to one hundred,
e miles in width.
i^ith the states west and south-west, are designated
s, as laying west of the great dividing ridt/e which
course of the rivers falling into the Atlantic oq one
iississippi on the other. This Appalachian ridge,
ima, runs north-east, varying in altitude, to the.gulf
wrence, in many places spreading opt into broad
*Tlui lanray linply included iBjaiMkringi,
Digitized by
Googk
HOUSB DO0UMBNT8. 441^
mcMMiiMQovi di«li«ol« of thoutancb of squafe mile* in exteot.
Time ^triel9 being ooeupted by subordinate ridgea, ai'eiofienciit
ittfOMgh fay rivara, oausing depressku^a, or valliea of Gorre^pooding
4epih. If. however, in traeing the oontinuatioo of the great ridg^
Haerois the St. Lawreaoe to Labrador, it should be found that the
same fysteip oAntinued, then the important fact would be elicked,
that it hMi been out through by that river, the oniy ocourreoce of
the bod, from ita aouree Hk the south, to Its termination ia the
DMTtb. The Putomat. the Susquehanna and the Moha*wk rivera
hava their sources on its eastern declivity. The lowest pass
across the state of New York on the line of the Erie canal, ia 565
feet above tide water ; the ^ medium height, however, a few miles