+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
| Transcriber's Note: |
| |
| Most of the information in this document is presented in |
| wide tables (75 characters per line). |
| |
| A number of obvious typographical errors have been corrected |
| in this text. For a complete list, please see the bottom of |
| this document. |
| |
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* * * * *
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
WEATHER BUREAU
MANILA CENTRAL OBSERVATORY
CATALOGUE
OF
VIOLENT AND DESTRUCTIVE
EARTHQUAKES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
WITH AN APPENDIX
EARTHQUAKES IN THE MARIANAS ISLANDS
1599-1909
BY
REV. MIGUEL SADERRA MASÓ, S. J.
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF THE WEATHER BUREAU
MANILA
BUREAU OF PRINTING
1910
CATALOGUE OF VIOLENT AND DESTRUCTIVE EARTHQUAKES IN THE PHILIPPINES
(1599-1909).
Introduction. - The occasion for publishing this catalogue of
Philippine earthquakes which were of violent and destructive character
has been furnished by a request from Prof. John Milne for a list of
such phenomena, to be included in the General Earthquake Catalogue
which this eminent seismologist is preparing under the auspices of the
British Association for the Advancement of Science. The said general
catalogue has been undertaken with a view toward reducing to
uniformity and completing those published years ago by Robert Mallet
(1859) and Perrey (1844-1871). The form adopted for Professor Milne's
new catalogue is very concise, comprising only the date, intensity,
and region together with principal localities affected. It will
contain only the earthquakes of intensities VII to X according to the
scale of De Rossi-Forel, and these will be divided into three classes:
Class I will be formed by the earthquakes of sufficient force to
produce cracks in buildings and to throw down chimneys; they
correspond to force VII of De Rossi-Forel. Class II consists of the
earthquakes which not only threw down chimneys but also walls and some
weak structures; force VIII of De Rossi-Forel. Class III comprises the
earthquakes which caused general destruction; force IX and X of De
Rossi-Forel. As this classification is as purely conventional as every
other and adopted only in the catalogue mentioned, we do not employ it
in the present catalogue of Philippine earthquakes, but retain the
almost universally adopted scale of De Rossi-Forel. We shall also
present more details as to the towns and buildings damaged, the number
of victims and other disastrous effects than enter into the catalogue
of Professor Milne.
Hence, the differences between the list prepared for Professor Milne
as well as the partial catalogue published in our Monthly Bulletin for
February of the present year consist in the following: (1) This
catalogue contains also several earthquakes whose intensities were
between VI and VII, while in the former only such figure as according
to their effects were decidedly of force VII. (2) The new catalogue is
more complete as to details concerning the towns, etc., which have
been destroyed.
It is to be regretted that we are unable to present here a complete
historical catalogue of all the destruction wrought in the Archipelago
by earthquakes since the time when Legaspi and Urdaneta first set foot
on these shores. But the old chroniclers, who dwell upon the political
happenings with an attention to detail which is occasionally overdone,
were invariably laconic when there was question of earthquakes and
similar natural phenomena; as a rule they were satisfied with
mentioning the occurrence in a general and therefore vague way,
without any attempt at precision as to dates and places. Still the
writers in the Philippines did nothing worse than imitate their
colleagues throughout the rest of the world. This fact is responsible
for the great contrast exhibited by our catalogue as regards the
number and details of earthquakes which occurred prior to 1800,
records of which have been preserved, and the same data for the period
from 1800 to the present time. This same difference is observable in
all catalogues of a similar nature, even in those which cover
phenomena which occurred in Europe. As to the Philippine writers, an
additional excuse is found in the peculiar conditions of life in these
Islands. As far as we know, only two earthquakes which took place
during the period which alone can come under consideration - that is,
since the discovery of the Archipelago - have claimed a considerable
number of victims, and these in the capital, because outside of
Manila - if we except two or three of the principal cities - the
buildings which could become dangerous during an earthquake have
always been few.
Moreover, in a country in which fires consume every year thousands of
dwellings and where the terrible typhoons frequently destroy whole
towns with heavy loss of lives, the damage done by earthquakes has
rarely been so great as to impress those occurrences indelibly upon
the memory. This is beyond doubt one of the reasons why prior to the
beginning of the nineteenth century hardly any data can be found
concerning the numerous earthquakes which during the preceding two
centuries must have occurred in the Visayas and above all on the large
Island of Mindanao.
The first earthquake of which the chronicles contain a mention is that
of 1599. There is no reasonable doubt that during the twenty-eight
years which had then elapsed since the founding of Manila by Legaspi,
several strong and possibly even destructive earthquakes occurred in
this part of Luzon Island, but, as the author of the "Verdadera
relación de la grande destrucción * * * del año 1645" tells us, "when
first founded, Manila consisted of wooden houses roofed with a certain
kind of palm leaves, the same which the natives use in their
buildings." Hence the damage done by these earthquakes must have been
insignificant. Much more terrible were the losses caused by
conflagrations which within a few years twice wiped out the entire
city.
The first Bishop of Manila, Domingo de Salazar, seeing the city
exposed to such general destructions by fire like the one of February
14, 1583, gave the first impulse to the construction of stone
buildings and worked indefatigably in this direction. In person he
explored the surroundings of Manila in quest of stone quarries and by
the middle of the year 1591 he had nearly finished his palace and the
cathedral, when financial difficulties caused a temporary suspension
of the work. At the same time a great number of public and private
buildings were under construction. The enthusiasm for structures of
stone or brick with tile roofs did not diminish during the next fifty
years. The chroniclers tell us that "the Spaniards began to build
their houses of stone and tiles without the so necessary precautions
against earthquakes. * * * Beautiful structures and dwelling houses
were reared, so high and spacious that they resembled palaces;
magnificent churches with lofty and graceful towers, within the walls
of Manila as well as outside of them: all of which made the city very
beautiful and gay and contributed equally to health and pleasure." The
disaster of 1645, commonly called the earthquake of St. Andrew, as it
occurred on the feast of this apostle, November 30, razed nearly every
one of these buildings to the ground, and since then the style and
appearance of buildings has changed greatly throughout the
Archipelago, with a correspondingly great saving of lives in the
subsequent earthquakes.
Masonry arches were henceforth banished from the churches; the heavy
walls of the latter were further strengthened by massive buttresses;
and the towers were given truly enormous substructures. But even with
these precautions there is at present hardly one out of the hundreds
of churches built during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
which did not some time or other require important repairs of its
masonry work or even partial reconstruction owing to earthquake
damages. The only structure of this class which thus far has withstood
all convulsions, is the church of St. Agustin, Manila. Nevertheless,
as we have stated before, the chroniclers hardly mention all this
destruction, except in a very general and cursory manner. I do not
hesitate to say: they were accustomed to see similar havoc created
nearly every year in one part of the Archipelago or the other by some
severe typhoon, accompanied by far greater loss of lives and property,
and consequently much more felt by the people than the destruction of
a church, _convento_, municipal building ("tribunal"), one or two
bridges, or other masonry structure.
In the present catalogue our aim has been to present all that is known
of the various violent and destructive earthquakes on record. The
first column of each page contains the ordinal number of the
disturbance for purposes of reference. In the second, the date is
given as accurately as it could be ascertained, Roman numerals being
used to designate the months. Unfortunately, of some earthquakes only
the year is known; of others, the year and month. Of one (No. 32) the
approximate hour has been recorded, but not the day of the month;
while of another (No. 38) the hour has been preserved for posterity,
but whether the phenomenon occurred during February or March, the
records leave undecided. In the third column will be found, in the
first place, the intensity of the disturbance, Roman numerals
representing the degrees of the scale of De Rossi-Forel (I-X); then
the region affected most, and finally the damages caused, if known,
and other information, if available.
In describing the epicentral regions, the present distribution of the
Archipelago into provinces has been used throughout the catalogue.
This division is shown on the first of the two maps of the Philippines
which accompany this catalogue (Plate I). As to the designation
"Benguet" occasionally occurring in the text where provinces are
enumerated, but not found on the map, we beg to offer the excuse that
the region thus named is exceedingly well known in the Philippines as
it contains Baguio, _the_ health resort of the Islands. For the
readers outside of the Archipelago we remark that Benguet is at
present a subprovince of the Mountain Province, of which it forms the
southernmost part. The location of Baguio is shown on the map on Plate
II. A similar remark applies to Lepanto and Bontoc, likewise divisions
of the Mountain Province, whose capitals, Cervantes and Bontoc, are
indicated on the same map.
As we would hardly be justified in assuming that every reader is in
possession of a detailed map of the Philippines, and a knowledge of
the general distribution and the main directions of the principal
mountain systems of an earthquake country is important, we add a
second map on which these data are shown by means of dashes, together
with the most important seismic regions, and the positions of the
principal towns, bays, etc., mentioned in the text. (Plate II.)
Near the left margin of this second map will be found an index of the
seismic regions just mentioned, each of them being represented by its
ordinal number (large Roman figures). Near each of these ordinals is
placed the corresponding number of earthquakes since 1862 contained in
the catalogue (Arabic figures), which is followed, in brackets, by an
analysis of the said number, in which Roman figures designate the
degrees of the earthquake, scale of De Rossi-Forel, while small Arabic
figures, written like exponents, give the number of earthquakes of
each degree of intensity.
In drawing the map on Plate II it was not intended to represent the
epicentric area of every individual earthquake center (which would
have crowded the map beyond reasonable limits), but rather to show the
principal seismic regions. Hence most of these curves contain more
than one focus. The approximate position of each of the latter has,
however, been indicated by a star, while the figure placed close to
the star gives the number of earthquakes which proceeded from the said
center.
A word must be said in apology for the constant use in the following
list of the Spanish word "_convento_." This word which means
monastery, cloister, or convent, is universally used in the
Philippines to designate also the habitation of the clergy attached to
a parish church. Although these are, as a rule, spacious buildings and
were formerly inhabited well-nigh exclusively by friars, they can not
properly be called monasteries. Wherefore, in order to avoid lengthy
circumlocutions, the Spanish word "_convento_" has been retained.
The reader who is not familiar with this country may find it strange
that in reporting earthquake damages so much emphasis appears to be
laid on the harm done to churches and _conventos_. This is easily
explained by the fact that these buildings were often the only
structures within the meizoseismal area, and built nearly everywhere
in the most substantial manner.
In the present catalogue we have also included, by way of an appendix,
the earthquakes which are known to have occurred in the Marianas or
Ladrones group of islands. While their number is too small to warrant
separate publication, we believe that the data concerning them will be
welcome to the earthquake investigator.
CATALOGUE OF VIOLENT AND DESTRUCTIVE EARTHQUAKES IN THE PHILIPPINES.
- - + - - - - - - - - - - + - - -+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
No. | Date. |Intensity.
| | | Epicenter and effects.
- - + - - - - - - - - - - + - - -+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
| _Y. M. d. h. m._ | |
1 |1599 VI 25 3 20 | IX |Manila and neighboring provinces. Damaged
| | |many private buildings in Manila; cracked
| | |the vault of the Jesuit Church so badly
| | |that it had to be demolished and replaced
| | |by a ceiling; fissured the walls and
| | |ruined the roof of Santo Domingo Church.
| | |
2 |1600 I 2 0 0 |VIII |Earthquake of destructive force and long
| | |duration in Manila; extent of damage
| | |unknown.
| | |
3 |1600 XI - - - | VI |Violent and protracted earthquake.
| | |
4 |1601 I 16 0 - |VIII |Manila and adjacent provinces. Did
| | |considerable damage to some churches and
| | |many private houses in Manila. Its
| | |duration was unusually great, it being
| | |said that during 7 minutes the shocks were
| | |almost continuous. There were several dead
| | |and a great number of injured. The
| | |repetitions were frequent throughout the
| | |year.
| | |
5 |1608 XII 3 - - | VI-|Leyte Island. Violent chiefly in the
| | VII |country around Dulag and Palo (E coast of
| | |northern Leyte). It does not appear to
| | |have been destructive.
| | |
6 |1610 XI - - - | IX |Manila and provinces east of it. Several
| | |writers call it a "terrible earthquake
| | |which progressed from E to W."
| | |
7 |1620 - - - - | IX |Panay Island. Great convulsions of the
| | |ground; the Aclan River changed its
| | |course. The few stone buildings in the
| | |affected districts, as, for instance, the
| | |church at Passi, Province of Iloilo, were
| | |badly cracked, the wooden structures
| | |either fell, owing to the snapping of the
| | |uprights, or remained inclined in various
| | |directions. The provinces which suffered
| | |most were those of Iloilo and Capiz.
| | |
8 |1627 VIII - - - | X |Northern Luzon. The historians mention it
| | |as one of the earthquakes which caused the
| | |greatest convulsions in northern Luzon,
| | |especially in Ilocos Norte and Cagayan,
| | |but above all in the region of the Central
| | |Central Cordillera, Lepanto, and Bontoc.
| | |The data are somewhat vague. It is said
| | |that part of the northern Caraballo
| | |Mountains subsided.
| | |
9 |1628 - - - - | IX |Camarines and Albay. A destructive
| | |earthquake in which, it is said, a
| | |mountain burst and emitted a river of
| | |water and mud which swept away the town
| | |of Camarines and others. The name of
| | |Camarines was at the time used to
| | |designate the present town of Camalig
| | |and the district near the southern slopes
| | |of Mayon Volcano. The flood mentioned
| | |was probably an avalanche of water, sand,
| | |volcanic ashes, and lapilli, such as also
| | |on other occasions have occurred on the
| | |slopes of the same volcano during periods
| | |of torrential rains.
| | |
- - + - - - - - - - - - - + - - -+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
No. | Date. |Intensity.
| | | Epicenter and effects.
- - + - - - - - - - - - - + - - -+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
| _Y. M. d. h. m._ | |
10 |1636 XII 21 - - | IX |Western Mindanao. Destructive earthquake.
| | |The epicenter appears to have been in
| | |Illana Bay. Great landslides are reported
| | |to have occurred at Point Flechas which is
| | |between the Bays of Illana and Sibuguey.
| | |
11 |1641 I 4 - - | X |Northern Luzon. Destructive earthquake,
| | |accompanied by great landslides in the
| | |mountains and eruptions of water and mud
| | |in the region of northern Luzon which
| | |comprises the Provinces of the Ilocos, of
| | |Cagayan, and the Cordillera Central. All
| | |the historians of the Archipelago mention
| | |this cataclysm which occurred shortly
| | |after the almost simultaneous eruptions of
| | |Sanguir and Jolo.
| | |
12 |1645 XI 30 20 - | X |The most terrible earthquake recorded in
| | |the annals of the Archipelago. It might
| | |almost be said that from Manila to Cagayan
| | |and Ilocos Norte it left no stone upon the
| | |other. In the capital, where during the
| | |preceding fifty years a great number of
| | |stone buildings had been erected,
| | |magnificent churches, palaces, and public
| | |buildings, as well as private residences
| | |and villas, the destruction was frightful.
| | |Ten churches were wrecked entirely, to
| | |wit: the Royal Chapel, Cathedral, Santo
| | |Domingo, those of the Recollects and
| | |Franciscans, Santiago, San Antonio,
| | |Nuestra Señora de Guia, and the parish
| | |churches of Binondo and San Miguel; only
| | |San Agustin and the Jesuit Church remained
| | |standing. Twelve monasteries, colleges,
| | |and hospitals were likewise converted into
| | |ruins. No better fared the palace of the
| | |Governor-General, the Real Audiencia and
| | |up to 150 of the finest residences which,
| | |as one author puts it, "in other cities
| | |would have been considerable palaces." The
| | |rest of the private houses were damaged
| | |to so great an extent that the majority
| | |had to be demolished. The number of
| | |persons killed exceeded 600 and the total
| | |of killed and injured is stated to have
| | |been 3,000.
| | |
| | |Outside of Manila there was a general
| | |destruction of villas and other buildings
| | |which had been erected on both banks of
| | |the Pasig River. Throughout the
| | |neighboring provinces the masonry
| | |structures built by the missionaries
| | |suffered the same fate as those in Manila.
| | |From the farthest provinces in the north
| | |were reported great alterations of the
| | |surface with almost complete disappearance
| | |of some native villages, changes in the
| | |courses of rivers, subsidences of plains,
| | |eruptions of sand, etc. All the writers of
| | |the time qualify this disturbance as the
| | |most disastrous earthquake not only in
| | |Luzon, but likewise in Mindoro,
| | |Marinduque, and the other islands south of
| | |Luzon. On the other hand, the provinces of
| | |Camarines and Albay appear to have
| | |suffered little or nothing.
| | |
13 |1645 XII 5 23 - |VIII |The earthquake of November 30 was followed
| | |by almost daily repetitions and countless
| | |aftershocks, one of which, on December 5,
| | |was of such intensity as to finish the
| | |wrecking of many buildings, "leaving [as a
| | |chronicler writes] the city in such
| | |condition that it was impossible to walk
| | |through it." Aftershocks of variable force
| | |continued to be very frequent throughout
| | |an entire year; that is, until the end of
| | |1646.
| | |
- - + - - - - - - - - - - + - - -+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
No. | Date. |Intensity.
| | | Epicenter and effects.
- - + - - - - - - - - - - + - - -+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
| _Y. M. d. h. m._ | |
14 |1646 III - - - | VI |According to several chroniclers, the
| | |aforementioned aftershocks were more were
| | |more frequent and of greater intensity
| | |during the month of March, some of them
| | |assuming a violent character.
| | |
15 |1648 - - - - |VIII |Southern Luzon. Very violent earthquake,
| | |damaging many buildings (Von Hoff).
| | |
16 |1653 V 1 - - | VI |Earthquake in Manila and surrounding
| | |provinces.
| | |
17 |1658 VIII 20 17 - | IX |Destructive earthquake. Some historians
| | |maintain that it was as severe as that of
| | |1645; but it caused fewer ruins, partly on
| | |account of its short duration, partly
| | |because it found buildings of less height
| | |and greater power or resistance than those
| | |erected before 1645. Nevertheless it
| | |destroyed the monastery of Santa Clara and
| | |did great damage to the churches and
| | |monasteries of the Dominicans and
| | |Recollects, likewise to the archiepiscopal
| | |palace, the Jesuit College, and a
| | |considerable number of private buildings.
| | |The epicentral region appears to have
| | |included only the southern part of Luzon.
| | |
18 |1665 VI 19 - - |VIII |Destructive in Manila and adjacent
| | |provinces. In the ruins of numerous houses
| | |19 persons perished and many more were
| | |injured. Of public buildings only the
| | |Jesuit Church is mentioned as having
| | |suffered to some extent.
| | |
19 |1675 II - - - |VIII |Destructive in northern Mindoro and
| | |Batangas Province. Mention is made of
| | |extensive landslides, the opening of many
| | |fissures and the subsidence of large
| | |tracts on the beach of the northeast
| | |coast of Mindoro. The repetitions were many
| | |and severe.
| | |
20 |1683 VIII 24 - - | VII |Damaged some buildings in Manila.
| | |
21 |1687 II - - - | VI |Several violent earthquakes, which,
| | |however, caused no notable damages.
| | |
22 |1699 - - - - | VII |Many chroniclers assure us that during
| | |this year and the following destructive
| | |earthquakes visited Manila; but there is
| | |great confusion as to the days and months
| | |in which they occurred.
| | |
23 |1716 IX 24 - - | VII |Vicinity of Taal Volcano. Violent in
| | |Manila and the Provinces of Rizal, Laguna,
| | |Cavite, and Batangas. Connected with an
| | |eruption of the volcano. At each spasm of
| | |the latter the earth shook so violently
| | |that many buildings in Manila and the
| | |provinces mentioned suffered much harm,
| | |especially those in the vicinity of Lake
| | |Bombon, within which is situated the said
| | |volcano.
| | |
24 |1728 XI 28 - - | IX |Remarkable on account of its having been
| | |very perceptible throughout the entire
| | |Archipelago. Caused considerable damage in
| | |Manila and towns in southern Luzon.
| | |
25 |1730 - - - - | IX |Destructive in the Provinces of Tayabas
| | |and Laguna; ruined the church and the
| | |church and _convento_ at Mauban and other
| | |buildings in this and other towns of the
| | |two provinces.
| | |
26 |1743 - - - - | IX |Destructive in Tayabas Province, wrecking
| | |masonry structures in the town of Tayabas
| | |and others.
| | |
- - + - - - - - - - - - - + - - -+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
No. | Date. |Intensity.
| | | Epicenter and effects.
- - + - - - - - - - - - - + - - -+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
| _Y. M. d. h. m._ | |
27 |1749 VIII 12 9 - | IX |A violent eruption of Taal Volcano, which
| | |caused great havoc in all the towns on the
| | |shores of Lake Bombon. The shocks which
| | |accompanied each of the intermittent
| | |outbursts of the volcano were so severe
| | |that they left hardly any building
| | |undamaged throughout the provinces in the
| | |neighborhood of Manila - Rizal, Laguna,
| | |Cavite, Batangas, Tayabas, and in northern
| | |Mindoro. The convulsions of the ground
| | |were very remarkable; displacement
| | |occurred and fissures, both wide and deep,
| | |opened in the entire Province of Batangas
| | |and likewise in Cavite Province, up to
| | |Lake Bay. As the shocks occurred during
| | |many days, the majority of Manila's
| | |inhabitants abandoned the Walled City and
| | |lived under tents or in structures of
| | |bamboo and nipa. The greatest force of
| | |the earthquakes and, consequently, the
| | |greatest upheavals seem to have occurred
| | |in the region stretching from Taal Volcano
| | |toward Talim Island (Lake Bay) and the
| | |Antipolo Mountain Range.
| | |
| | |Repetitions and aftershocks were frequent
| | |during nearly a year.
| | |
28 |1754 V 15 21 - | X |Another eruption of Taal Volcano, the most
| | |terrible in the history of the Islands.
| | |All the towns which surrounded Lake Bombon
| | |were destroyed completely. When rebuilt,
| | |they were placed at a distance from the
| | |lake. There occurred most violent
| | |earthquakes which produced disasters in
| | |the neighboring provinces equal too, if
| | |not exceeding those of 1749. The spasms,
| | |separated by intervals of greater or less
| | |duration, lasted 7 months, the principal
| | |outbursts being always accompanied by very
| | |intense earthquakes which made themselves
| | |felt throughout a large part of Luzon, on
| | |Mindoro Island, and northern Panay.
| | |
29 |1766 XII 7 10 45 | VII |A violent earthquake, but did very slight
| | |damage in Manila. During the month many
| | |more earthquakes of less intensity were
| | |felt; in fact they had been frequent ever
| | |since the preceding August. There exist no
| | |data concerning the provinces around
| | |Manila.
| | |
30 |1767 II 8 1 5 | VII |Manila and neighboring provinces. Violent
| | |earthquake, preceded and followed by
| | |numerous shocks of smaller intensity.
| | |
31 |1767 XI 13 15 25 | VII |Very violent. In Manila a few walls fell
| | |and tile roofs sagged. Slight repetitions
| | |marked the succeeding days. Nothing is
| | |known of the happenings in the near-by
| | |provinces.
| | |
32 |1770 XII - 23 - |VIII |Destructive earthquake. Mr. Sonnerat
| | |states that it wrecked many houses in
| | |Manila. This traveler was at the time on
| | |board a ship in the very Bay of Manila;
| | |hence it is very strange that he does not
| | |give the day of the month on which the
| | |disaster took place.
| | |
33 |1771 II 1 - - |VIII |Very severe earthquake which laid in ruins
| | |several buildings in Manila, express
| | |mention being made of the Church of
| | |Nuestra Señora de Guia in Ermita, a suburb
| | |of Manila. This is probably the same
| | |disturbance which, according to some
| | |writers, in the beginning of February
| | |damaged the church of Antipolo and others
| | |in La Laguna and Cavite Provinces.
| | |
34 |1783 IV 19 - - | VI |Violent earthquake in Dapitan and the
| | |whole of northwestern Mindanao.
| | |
35 |1787 V 13 6 - |VIII |Very violent in southern Panay,
| | |especially in the Province of Iloilo.
| | |
- - + - - - - - - - - - - + - - -+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
No. | Date. |Intensity.
| | | Epicenter and effects.
- - + - - - - - - - - - - + - - -+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
| _Y. M. d. h. m._ | |
36 |1787 VII 13 7 - | X |Panay Island. A terrible earthquake which
| | |left the whole island strewn with ruins.
| | |Of 15 to 20 churches and _conventos_ in
| | |Iloilo Province only two or three remained
| | |standing; in the two other provinces,
| | |Capiz and Antique, the destruction was
| | |less universal. Even the thick walls of
| | |the fort at Iloilo were breached in many
| | |places. There were subsidences in the
| | |plains and landslides in the mountains and
| | |mighty fissures opened. It is stated that
| | |the victims were numerous: in one building
| | |15 persons perished.
| | |
37 |1796 - - - - | IX |Many writers assert that during this year
| | |a most violent earthquake shook Manila
| | |and was followed by severe repetitions
| | |during the succeeding 20 days. But,
| | |although all agree that the quake was
| | |destructive, not one of them gives
| | |precise information as to its effects.
| | |
38 |1797 II- - 14 - | VII |A violent earthquake but not destructive
| III | |in Manila took place between February 11
| | |and March 7. It fissured walls and ruined
| | |tile roofs.
| | |
39 |1811 X 5 - - | IX |Destructive earthquake in Camarines
| | |Province. It wrecked many churches,
| | |_conventos_, and other buildings
| | |throughout the province, from San Miguel
| | |Bay to the vicinity of Albay.
| | |
40 |1814 II 2 - - | VII |Albay. Violent earthquakes which preceded
| | |and accompanied the great eruption of
| | |Mayon Volcano, Province of Albay. Several
| | |towns situated on the slopes of the
| | |mountain were destroyed by this outburst,
| | |while others, at a greater distance,
| | |suffered less severely.
| | |
41 |1818 - - - - | VII |Dapitan, northwestern Mindanao. Several
| | |violent earthquakes with countless
| | |repetitions distributed through 6 months.
| | |
42 |1824 I - - - | VII |Earthquake, violent in Manila and
| | |destructive in Cagayan and Isabela
| | |Provinces, northeastern Luzon.
| | |
43 |1824 IX 29 - - | IX |Central Luzon. Destructive, making many
| | |ruins throughout the Provinces of Tayabas,
| | |Laguna, Rizal, and Nueva Ecija. The
| | |churches of Cavinti and Lukban were
| | |destroyed, that of Antipolo and others
| | |badly damaged.