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THE
JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS AND ADDRESSES
OF THE
National Educational Association,
SESSION OF THE YEAR 1886,
AT
TOPEKA, KANSAS.
PUBLLSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION.
SALEM : • - - - -
OBSERVER BOOK AND JOB PRINT,
1 CITY HALL AVENUE,
1887.
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CONTENTS.
PAGE
Journal of Proceedings 9-24
Report of the Committee on Amendments to the Constitution . . 11
Minutes of the Board of Directors 19-23
Treasurer's Report 24
Calendar of Meetings 25
Officers of the Association for 1885-6 26
Officers of the Association for 1886-7 27
Constitution 28
Incorporation of the Association 31
Membership of the Association 33
Life Directors 33
Life Memberships 34
Perpetual Memberships .37
Annual Memberships 38
ADDRESSES, PAPERS, AND DISCUSSIOXS BEFORE THE GENERAL
ASSOCIATION.
Address by Gov. John A. Martin 55
Address of Welcome, by Hon. W. H. Rossington 56
Address by Prof. Williams 61
Response to the Addresses of Welcome, by President N. A. Calkins . . 63
Response by Secretary Sheldon 64
Address by Zaimon Richards 66
Address of Prof. Boy den .67
Address by the President, N. A . Calkins 69
Scientific Temperance Instruction in the Public Schools, by Mrs. J. Ellen
Foster 77
The Effects of Alcohol on the Human System, by A. C. Boyden . 108
The Educational Cure of Mormonism, by A. E. Winship 117
Moral Training in the Public School, by E. E. White ..... 128
Discussion 138
Some Serious Errors in Teaching, by L. R. Elemm . . . . . 149
Other Errors in Teaching, by J. M. Greenwood 160
Education in Louisiana, by Wm. Preston Johnston 169
The Problem of Race Education in the United States 192
I. The Results of Education in the Indian Territory, by R. L. Owen 192
II. The Education of the Mongolian or Chinese, by S. L. Baldwin . 211
III. Education of the Mexican, by W. H. Ashley 222
IV. Educational Work Among the Colored Race, by W. II. Bartholomew 229
Seventh Session 233
Prof. I. C. Dennett 233
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6 CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Mr. Kealinj? 234
John Hancock 235
Prof. Littlefield 237
Daniel B. Hagar 238
President Calkins 243
President-elect Sheldon 244
Report of the Committee on Necrology 240
John D. Philbrick, LL. D 240
J . Dorman Steele, Ph . D 250
Ariel Parish, A. M 266
F. R. Feitshans, M. A 257
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF EDUCATION.
Proceedings 261-6
REPOUTS of COMMITTKES AND DISCUSSIONS 267
Elementary Education — Textbooks in Elementary Schools .... 207
City School Systems— Pupils, Classification, Examination, and Promotion 270
Higher Education — Higher Institutions Required 285
Education of Girls— Technical Education of Crirls 296
Technological Education — Pedagogical Value of the School Workshop . . 305
A Tribute to the Life and Character of John D. Philbrick, LL. D. . . 318
DEPARTMENT OF SUPERINTENDENCE.
Proceedings 335
County Superintendents, by E. B. McElroy 3:^
Teachers Institutes, by D. C. Tlllotson 340
Discussion 350
DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER INSTRUCTION.
Proceedings 353
Opening Address, by Dr. J. Allen 355
The College Curriculum, by Wm. A. Mowry 358
Colleges North and Colleges South, by J. D. Dreher 307
NORMAL DEPARTMENT.
Opening Address, by A. G. Boyden 380
Organization, Courses of Study, and Methods of Instruction in Normal
Schools, by A. R. Taylor 393
Educational Value of Common School Studies 403
ART DEPARTMENT.
Proceedings 423
President's Address 428
Relation of Draiwng to Other Studies 433
Manual Training through Industrial Drawing, by Chas. M. Carter . . 443
Industrial Drawing, by Chas. M. Carter 452
Art Exhibition 458
Appendix A . 462
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CONTENTS. 7
Appendix B 403
Appendix C 472
Appendix D 475
Appendix E 470
INDUSTRIAL DEPARTMENT.
Proceedings 481
Manual Education from the Other Side, by G. F. Magoun . . . . 4&4
ELEMENTARY AND KINDERGARTEN DEPARTMENTS.
Proceedings 500
Application of FroebePs Educational Principles, by W. N. Hailmann . . 504
Symposium :
I. Historical Sketch, by W. H. Bartholomew 512
II. Necessary External Conditions, by Miss Vina Warr .... 520
III. The Course of Study: Proper Limits and Divisions, by H. M.
James 526
IV. Course of Study: Order of Subjects, by Miss Mary B. Phillips . 532
V. Principles of Method, by Miss Agnes I. Rounds .... 538
VI. Country School — Suggestions for their Improvement, by J. C.
MacPherson 548
VII. Country Schools— Special Conditions, by G. F. Felts . . . 552
VIII. Summary, by Leroy D Brown 556
IX General Discussion 557
DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC.
Proceedings 563
Musicin the Public High School, by O.S. Westcott 507
What the Average Teacher Can Do in Musical Instruction,by Sara L. Dunning 574
What Music Instruction in Public Schools Should Be, by N. Coe Stewart . 580
Better Teaching or a New Notation, Which ? by H. E. Holt .... 690
Tonic Sol-Fa Notation as a Factor in Musical Education, by T. F. Seward 599
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THE NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION.
FIRST DAY'S PROCEEDINGS.
TUESDAY, JULY 13, 1886.
The twenty-sixth annual meeting of the National Educational Associa-
tion met in the Grand Opera House, Topeka, Kansas, at 8 o'clock P. M.
President N. A. Calkins called the meeting to order and announced that
His Excellency, John A. Martin, Governor of Kansas, will preside.
On taking the chair Governor Martin invited the Rev. J. P. Findlay of
Missouri to open the meeting with prayer. After prayer, the Modoc
Singing Club of Topeka was introduced, and sung two appropriate songs.
Governor Martin made a brief address, after which he introduced Hon.
W. H. Rossington of Topeka, who gave an address of welcome to the As-
sociation in behalf of the state of Kansas, and of the city of Topeka.
Prof. P. J. Williams, of the State University of Kansas, welcomed the
Association in behalf of the teachers of Kansas.
At the close of this address Governor Martin announced that the
President of the Association would respond to the addresses of welcome.
At the close of his response the President introduced William E.
Sheldon, Secretary of the Association, who made further response to the
addresses of welcome.
At the close of Secretary Sheldon's remarks, the President introduced
Zalmon Richards of Washington, D. C, who was elected president at the
first meeting of the Association. After his address the President intro-
duced Prof. A. G. Boyden of Massachusetts, who spoke in relation to
Normal Schools in the United States.
After singing by the Modoc Club, the evening session closed with a bene-
diction by Bishop Vail of Kansas.
SECOND DAY'S PROCEEDINGS. *
WEDNESDAY, JtJLY 14.
The Association was called to order by the President at 9 o'clock A. M.
Prayer was offered by Rev, A, B. Hinsdale of Ohio,
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10 TUE NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
The minutes of the meeting for Tuesday evening were read by the
Secretary of the Association, and approved.
On motion of Dr. John B. Peaslee of Cincinnati, lion. LeRoy D. Brown
of Ohio, was elected Assistant Secretary.
The report of the Committee to Audit the Treasurer's Accounts was
made by the chairman, J. L. Pickard, LL. D., of Iowa. This report was
adopted and ordered to be printed in the proceedings of the Association.
The President of the Association, Dr. N. A. Calkins of New Yoi^,
delivered his inaugural address, which was listened to with great interest.
The Chair introduced Mrs. J. Ellen Foster of Clinton, Iowa, who read a
paper entitled **Physiology ami Hygiene with Reference to the Use of Al-
coholic Drinks and Narcotics,^^ This was followed by a discussion of "T^e
Effects of Alcohol on the Htiman System and the Method of Teaching
Thevfiy^^ by Professor A. G. Boyden.of Massachusetts.
The Secretary read the following letter from the Board of Trade at
Lawrence, Kansas, inviting the Association to visit that city, which, on
motion of Mr. Sheldon, was accepted with thanks.
Chamber or Commerce, \
Lawrence, Kans., July Oth, 1886. J
At a special meeting held this date the following resolution was offered and
unanimously adopted :
Whereas, The National Teachers Association will hold its annual convention at
Topeka for four days of next week, commencing Tuesday, and
Whereas, We earnestly desire that an invitation should be extended to the Con-
vention to visit Lawrence, and view her Educational Institutions and the City
generally, and
Whereas, Dr. Lippincott has kindly offered to tender such invitation in person.
Resolved, That on behalf of the city and this body we do hereby proffer the hos-
pitalities of the City of Lawrence to the Convention for such date as maybe most
convenient, and hold ourselves in readiness to do all that is possible to make the
visit pleasant and profitable, if our invitation is accepted.
By order of the Board,
J. D. BOWERSOCK,
H. C. Whitehead, President.
Secretary.
APPOINTMENT OF COMMITTEES.
The President announced a committee of one from each state and territory
represented at the meeting of the Association, on the nomination of officers for
the ensuing year, of which J. L. Pickard, LL. D., of Iowa, was chairman.
The following committee on resolutions was also appointed :
A. G. BoYDEN, of Massachusetts, J. Baldwin, of Texas.
Henry Sabin, of Iowa,
The Association adjourned to meet in the Opera Houie at eight
o'clock P, M,
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JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS. 11
Eyening Session.
The Association was called to order at 8 o'clock P. M. by President
Calkins. The minutes of the morning session were read and approved.
The Secretary read several notices, and the President, after announcing
that the address on ^^Education in the Soiith/^ by the Hon. \>^illiam M.
Beckner of Kentucky, would be postponed on account of the absence of
the gentleman, introduced Rev. A. E. Winship, late Secretary of the Xew
West Education Commission, Boston, Massachusetts, who delivered a
lecture on "TAe Educational Cure of Mormanism.^y The Association
adjourned to meet at 9 o'clock Thursday morning.
THIRD DAY'S PROCEEDINGS.
THURSDAY MORNING, JULY 15.
The Association was called to order by the President at 9 o'clock A. M.
and opened with prayer by the Rev. S. McChesney of Topeka.
The minutes of the last session were read and approved, and the
report of the Committee on Amendments to the Constitution, presented
by Dr. E. E. White of Cincinnati was received and unanimously adopted.
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION.
Article IV.
1. Tn Sec. 1, strike out in lines 4 and 5 the words, '' officers charged
with the administration of their respective departments," and insert the
words, presiding officers of the several depaHnients and a Board of Trustees
to he constituted as hereinafter provided,
2. Add to Sec. 3, the words, except as hereinafter provided.
3. Add to Sec. 4, the words, hut no person shall he elected to any office
of any department , or of the Association, who is not, at the time of the
election, a memher of the Association.
4. Eor Sec. 7, insert the following :
Skc. 7. The Treasurer shall receive and, under the direction of the Board of
Trustees, bold in safe keeping all moneys paid to the Association, shall expend
the same only upon the order of said Board, shall keep an exact account of his
receipts and expenditures, with vouchers for the latter, which accounts, ending
the first day of July, each year, he shall render to the Board of Trustees, and,
when approved by said Board, he shall report the same to the Board of Directors.
The Treasurer shall give such bond for the faithful discharge of his duties as
may be required by the Board of Trustees, and he shjill continue in office until
the first meeting of the Board of Directors held prior to the annual meeting of
the Association next succeeding that for which he is elected.
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12 THE NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
o. In Sec. 8, line 2, after the word "Association " insert the words,
excepting those herein entrusted to the Board of Trustees.
6. For Sec. 9 insert the following sections :
Sec. 9. The Board of Trustees shall consist of four members elected by the
Board of Directors for a term of four years, and the President of the Association
who shall be a member exrofficio during his term of office. At the election of
Trustees in 1886, one Trustee shall be elected for one year, one for two years, one
for three years, and one for four yeai-s, and annually thereafter, at the fii'st meet-
ing]; of the Board of Directors, held prior to the annual meeting of the Association,
one Trustee shall be elected for the term of four years. All vacancies occurring
in said Board of Trustees, whether by resignation or otherwise, shall be filled by
the Board of Directors for the unexpired term and the absence of a Trustee from
two consecutive annual meetings of the Board, shall forfeit his membership
therein. The Board of Trustees thus elected and constituted shall be the execu-
tive financial officers of this Association as a Body Corporate, as conferred by the
certificate of incorporation under the provisions of the Act of General Incorpora-
tion, Class third of the Revised Statutes of the District of Columbia, dated the
twenty-fourth day of February, 18S8, at Washington, D. C, and recorded in
Liber No. 4, ** Acts of Incorporation for the District of Columbia."
Sec. 10. It shall be the duty of the Board of Trustees to provide for the safe
keeping and investment of all funds which the Association may receive from life
directorships or from donations, and the income of such invested funds shall be
used exclusively in paying the cost of publishing the annual volume of proceed-
ings of the Association, excepting when donors shall specify otherwise. It shall
also be the duty of the Board to issue orders on the Treasurer for the payment of
all bills approved by the Board of Directors or by the President and Secretary
of the Association acting under the authority of the Board of Directors; and,
when practicable, the Trustees shall invest all surplus funds exceeding $100, that
may remain in the hands of the Treasurer after paying the expenses of the
Association for the previous year.
Article V.
7. In Sec. 6, line 3, at the beginning, insert the words, the PresideiU
and.
By-Laws.
For By-Law 2, substitute the following :
2. The President and Secretary shall certify to the Board of Trustees all bills
approved by the Board of Directors.
Dr. White read a paper, on *^Moral Training in the Public Schools.*'
Discussion of the paper which on motion was limited to five-minute
speeches* was participated in by Dr. I. W. Andrews of Ohio ; Dr. J. W.
Stearns of Wisconsin ; Dr. John B. Peaslee of Ohio ; Professor Wiener of
Missouri ; Professor Wm. Baker of Kansas ; Professor H. T. Kealing of
Texas j and Professor A. G. Boyden of Massachusetts.
Superintendent Louis R. Klemm of Ohio opened a discussion on '^Some
of the Serious Errors of Teaching y** by treating of *' Study and Recita-
tions; per cent. System of Marking Pupils ; Competitive Examinations"
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JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS. 1{)
This discussion was concluded by Superintendent J. M. Greenwood ot
Missouri.
The Chair called for the report of the Committee on Nominations, which
recommended the election, of the following list of officers for the ensuing
year:
THE OFFirERS FOR 1887-88.
Dr. Pickard of Iowa, chairman of the nominating committee, presented
the report, and in accordance with the unanimous recommendation of tlie
committee the following were nominated as the officers of the National
Educational Association for the ensuing year :
President y William E. Sheldon, Massachusetts..
Sfcretary, J amiss H. Canfield, of Kansas,
Treasurer, E. C. IIewktt, of Illinois.
Vice-Presidents, Mrs. Delia L. Williams of Ohio, Henry Sabin of Iowa, A. G.
Boyden of Massachusetts, Miss F. E. Holbrook of Illinois, Aaron Oove of Colora-
do, Hattie O. Thorns of Wisconsin, Warren Easton of Louisiana, W. R. Garret of
Tennessee, Julius D. Dreher of Virginia, Mrs. M. A. Stone of Connecticut, Miss
Ella Calkins of New York.
Counselors at Large^ E. E. White of Ohio, N. A. Calkins of New York.
Counselor Sy L. H. Marvel of Maine, C. C. Hounds of New Hampshire, A. L.
Hardy of Vermont, L. Dunton of Massachusetts, Geo. A. Littlefield of Khode
Island, S. T. Button of Connecticut, George A. Bacon of New York, H. S. Jones
of Pennsylvania, Joseph Clark of New Jersey, Isaac T. Johnson of Delaware,
Henry A. Wise of Maryland, J. L. Buchanan of Virginia, S. D. Brown of West
Virginia, J. H. Carlisle of South Carolina, Gustarus J. Orr of Georgia, W. H.
Council of Alabama, S. K. Preston of Mississippi, E. E. Sheibof Tx>uisiaua, Alex-
ander Hogg of Texas, Leroy D. Brown of Ohio, W. A. Bell of Indiana, D. S.
Howell of Michigan, Thomas H. McBride of Iowa, Wm. H. Bartholomew of
Kentucky, T. C. Karns of Tennessee, D. C. Tillotson of Kansas, Henry M. James
of Nebraska, S. S. Laws of Missouri, G. D. Purinton of Arkansas, N. C. Dougher-
ty of niinois, Charles S. Young of Nevada, E. H. Anderson of Utah, J. O'Connor
of California, T. O. Hutchinson of Oregon, Z.'Richards of the District of Columbia,
W. D. Parker of Wisconsin, D. L. Kiehle of Minnesota-, J. E. Manox of Dakota, J.
M. Allen of Kentucky, and L. S. Cornell of Colorado.
On motion of Supt. B. A. Hinsdale of Ohio, Dr. E. E. White was
authorized to cast the ballot for the Association, and the Chair announced
that those reported by the committee were elected.
Adjourned to meet at 8 o'clock P. M.
Evening Session.
The minutes of the morning session were read and approved. Secre-
tary Sheldon read the following communication :
To the National Educational Association :
At the last meeting of the Association it was ordered that a committee of five
be appointed to consider the subject of Physics-teaching. By some anoident
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14 THE yATluyAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
however, no appointments were made until it wa« so late in the spring as to leave
no time to confer with experienced teachers, or to co-operate with the committee
appointed on the same subject by the American Association for the Advancement
of Science.
Accordingly while we are in substantial agreement on all the fundamental
points that we have considered together, we have not been able to give the neces-
sary attention to many points of detail.
We must therefore say reluctantly that we are unable to make a satisfactory
report at this time. But we urge the Association to order the appointment of a
new committee, with the same powers as the preseift one, on which representa-
tives of the lligh Schools shall not be wanting. If such committee shall be order-
ed we beg leave to invite and urge upon all earnest teachers of physics in our
schools to report, without undue modesty, to the committee, through the Presi-
dent of the Association, such of their methods as have stood the test of experience.
Respectfully submitted,
Charles K. VVead, «)
Leroy C. Cooley, ? Committee.
W. Le Conte Stevens, )
July 10, 1886.
On motion the same committee was continued, with the addition of
two representatives of high schools to be appointed by the Chair.
On motion of Rev. A. E. Winship of Boston the following was referred
to the Committee on Resolutions:
Eesohedj That the members of the National Educational Association most
heartily approve of and sympathize with the spirit of the Congressional enact-
ment of January, 1883, commonly known as the Civil Service Law.
President William Preston Johnson of Tulane University, New Orleans,
La., was introduced and delivered an able address on *^ Edxication in Louis-
iana.^^
After some announcements were made by the Secretary, Professor
Zalmon Richards of Washington, D. C, the Chairman pro tempore^ de-
clared the Association adjourned till 9 A. M. Friday.
FOURTH DAY'S PROCEEDINGS.
FRIDAY, JULY 16.
The Association was called to order by President Calkins, at 9 A. M.
On motion Supt. Miron E. Hard, of Gallipolis, Ohio, was elected
Assistant Secretary.
The minutes of the evening session were read and approved.
On motion of LeRoy D. Brown, J. E. Manox of Dakota, J. M. Allen
of Kentucky, L. S. Cornell of Colorado, were appointed Councillors for
the above states, and Professor Walter S. Goodnough of Ohio was
authorized to represent the Art Department in the Poard of Directors at
the ])resent meeting of the Association.
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JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS. 16
The following report by D. B. Hagar, Ph. D., President of the National
Council of Education, was ordered to bo printed in the proceedings :
To the National Educational Assonation :
In compliance with the Constitution of the National Council of Educa-
tion, I present to the Association the following report of the work of
the Council at its recent meeting.
The meeting opened on Frhlay, July 10, at 9.30 A. M. Two sessions
were held on Friday, two on Saturday, two on Monday, and one on Tues-
day.
Six of the Standing Committees presented rei)orts :
1. Committee on Elementary Education, by Albert G. Boydea,