Read the ebook National municipal review (Volume 33) by National Municipal League (page 85 of 90)

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SOS

Letter to the Editor

To the Editor of the
NATIONAL MUNICIPAL REVIEW:

I have read Dr. Lancaster's com-
ments on my article, "A New Type of
Politician," with considerable astonish-
ment. 1

Here is an author of one of the most
critical and most constructive works
on rural government extant, inveighing
against the use of value judgments and
progressive measures on the ground
that there is no agreement on the
meaning of values and progress. He
urges that teachers of political science
train the intellect, "delimit the moral
area," and let some other agency "cure
the souls."

Plato and Locke are cited as desira-
ble guides in the training of the intel-
lect, but would he delete from the
works of these authors the former's
portrayal of the ideal state and the
latter's emphasis on the trusteeship
principle in government? Locke is a
singularly unfortunate selection, for in
his work, Some Thoughts in Education,
he emphasizes virtuous habits, practi-
cal wisdom, and "good breeding" as
the major goals of a sound education,
while the gaining of knowledge follows
these in relative importance. Without
Locke's contributions the Declaration
of Independence, a great moral docu-
ment, might not have been written.
The youth should surely become ac-
quainted with the political philoso-
phers, not alone for the training of the
intellect, but too because they are good
for the soul.

Dr. Lancaster's thesis is a simple one
to my mind, far too simple. Train
the intellects of prospective politicians
that they may have good judgment,
good in the sense that it brings suc-

1 See the REVIEW. October 1944, pp. 473-
475.

cess at the polling place. "Their busi-
ness is to stay in power." The arbiter is
the electorate "whom we would all im-
prove if only we knew how."

This, my friendly critic, is exactly
what I am recommending. This is what
"A New Type of Politician" is called
upon to do to provide leadership, to
bring something more to his task than
the willingness to follow an electorate
that stands in need of improvement.
Also needed is a followership in the
public which will welcome and aid lead-
ers who can solve problems and make
a bit of progress in the direction of
the objectives of government as out-
lined by Plato and Locke.

When it comes to decisions about
paving Elm Street or devising a pen-
sion plan, they can refer to such ex-
cellent works as Lancaster's Government
in Rural America and similar ones on
urban and national government.

The experiment in democracy will
have a sorry ending, I predict, if the
political scientists in our undergradu-
ate colleges content themselves" with
training the intellect and turning over
the fate of the country to politicians
who seek success only by keeping in
step with a public that ought to be
improved "if we only knew how." A
basically important part of our task, as
I conceive it, is to bring home to our
students that democracy means self-
government, i.e., doing something about
government. Political apathy is now a
contagious blight on our adult popu-
lation. If we cannot stimulate the
adolescents to a sense of political re-
sponsibility and to political action and
leadership, what of the future of self-
government in this increasingly com-
plex world? Call such stimulation the
"cure of souls" or what you will, it is
the political scientists' business or it is

(Continued on next page)

615

Contributors in Review

ON leave from the University of Michigan, Robert S. Ford (Michigan Attacks
'Red Tape') was appointed director of the Michigan Department of Business
Administration when it was created in 1943. Dr. Ford became professor of public
finance at the University in 1934 and director of its Bureau of Government in
1937. He was also editor of the University of Michigan Governmental Studies.
He is author of a number of articles and special reports in the field of public
finance including Financing Government in Michigan, Retail Sales and Use Taxes,
Michigan Highway Finance and a Manual of State Administrative Organization in
Michigan.

SERVICE in the Army has interrupted the education of David J. Lippert
(The GI's Cast Their Ballots), stationed at Camp Blanding, Florida. Pre-
viously Corporal Lippert had been working at the University of Wisconsin
toward his M. A. in journalism. To complete this work and continue toward a
doctorate is his "postwar plan." At the University Corporal Lippert was in-
volved in student government campus politics, he terms it. Introduced to
Professor R. J. Colbert by his father, he became deeply interested in the Univer-
sity's "Citizenship Day" program. In the army he has been assigned to admin-
istrative tasks such as public relations, special service, personnel, etc.

A S statistician for the Detroit Bureau of Governmental Research, Rosina
^ K. Mohaupt (Tax Rates of American Cities) continues the preparation of the
annual compilation of tax rates. In 1940 Dr. Mohaupt was recipient of the first
Master of Public Administration degree awarded by Wayne University. She
is co-author of a number of publications issued by the Detroit Bureau, including
The English System of Taxation of Real Property on an Income Basis, The Exemp-
tion of Homesteads from Taxation, Cost of Living Plans for Municipal Employees,
and Cost of Living Salary Adjustment Plans for Municipal Employees, and is
editor of Certain Social and Economic Data by Detroit Census Tracts.

"DORN in Cincinnati, William M. Tugman (By Their Own Bootstraps, III) grew
up watching his father and others, including the late Henry Bentley, wrestle
with the Cox-Hynicka machine in that city. Mr. Tugman graduated from Har-
vard in 1914. Thereafter he entered the newspaper field, serving on the New
Bedford Standard, Providence Journal and the Cleveland Plain Dealer. Since 1927
he has been managing editor of the Eugene (Oregon) Register Guard. In New
Bedford he had a hand in the Ashley-Hathaway expose; he got to Cleveland
in time to secure a ringside seat for the battles of Dr. A. R. Hatton and Peter
Witt for a manager-P. R. charter; and now he is putting into practice in his
own home town what he has learned from these "soldiers of reform."

T>ESEARCH chairman for the Montgomery County Charter Committee, John
F. Willmott (Machine Beats County Charter] has been in the thick of the
fight for the manager plan in that county for many months. Mr. Willmott is
a veteran in governmental research, having spent fifteen years with research
bureaus in San Francisco, Kansas City (Kansas) and Chattanooga. For five
years he was administrative consultant for Public Administration Service, later
becoming assistant secretary of the International City Managers' Association
and associate editor of Public Management. Mr. Willmott has been on the staff
of the Bureau of the Budget since 1941.

LETTER TO THE EDITOR "Concern for man himself and his fate

(Continued from page 615) must always form the chief interest of

nobody's business. Reference is here a11 technical endeavors. . . . Never for-

made to undergraduate rather than et this in the midst of your diagrams

graduate education. and equations."

For those whose slogan is "the truth WILLIAM E. MOSHER

for truth's sake," for whom education Maxwell Graduate School of

is simply the training of the intellect, Citizenship and Public Affairs

let me quote Einstein's comment: Syracuse University

616

News in Review

City, State and Nation

Edited by H. M. Olmsted

Constitutional Issues
Meet Varied Fates
in November Election

Council - Manager Plan
Adopted in Eight Cities

"DESIDES the one complete state
constitution New Jersey's voted
on at the November 7 elections, many
constitutional amendments and legisla-
tive measures were passed upon by the
electorate in 30 states, where 126 such
amendments, referenda and initiative
proposals were on the ballot. It will
be some time before information on
all the results will be available, but
reports on several of the more notable
ones have been forthcoming.

The proposed new constitution for
the state of New Jersey was rejected
by a majority of approximately 160,-
000, in a total vote of over 1,500,000.
The document, drafted by the Repub-
lican-controlled legislature sitting as a
constitutional convention by previous
authorization of the voters, was bit-
terly fought by Mayor Frank Hague
of Jersey City, Democratic boss, and
although it was supported by former
Governor Edison, Democrat, as well
as by Republican Governor Edge, it
lost by a much wider margin than the
Democratic majority for the presi-
dency. 1 Mayor Hague concentrated on
the constitution to the apparent detri-
ment of his usual work for his party's
ticket. He assailed the legislature as
being controlled by the railroads,
claimed that the new constitution would
permit the legislature to reduce rail-

l See also "Danger Signs from Jersey
City," p. 574.

road taxation, long a controversial
issue in New Jersey, and emphasized
his concern that the revamping of the
state court structure would eliminate
many present judges and leave the
personnel of the bench up to the pres-
ent (Republican) governor and legis-
lature.

The New Jersey Congress of Indus-
trial Organizations, not usually an ally
of Mayor Hague's, also opposed the
constitution; but Carl Holderman,
chairman of the state CIO Political
Action Committee, claiming that this
opposition was due to many shortcom-
ings of the proposed charter, called for
a convention to revise the present cen-
tury-old document and promised that
his organization would work with all
progressive forces in the state toward
that objective. The American Federa-
tion of Labor likewise favors such revi-
sion.

Soldier ballots, numbering over 110,-
000, were nearly four to one for the
new constitution.

In three states constitutional amend-
ments to prohibit the closed union
shop were passed upon by the voters.
In Arkansas and Florida such amend-
ments were reported to have been
adopted, while in California a similar
one was defeated. The American Fed-
eration of Labor is expected to chal-
lenge the Arkansas and Florida amend-
ments in the courts, as being in con-
flict with the federal constitution. The
Arkansas amendment includes a pro-
hibition against the maintenance-of-
membership provisions such as have
been approved in various instances by
the War Labor Board.

Massachusetts voted for annual legis-
lative sessions (see item below).

Illinois rejected amendments that
would have permitted sheriffs and coun-
ty treasurers to succeed themselves.

Among the state proposals put to

617

618

NATIONAL MUNICIPAL REVIEW

[December

popular vote was one to impose state-
wide prohibition of liquor in Nebraska;
it was overwhelmingly defeated. Ore-
gon voted to put the sale of fortified
wines under state auspices. Arizona,
California, Oregon and Washington were
reported as having defeated proposals
for gross income taxes of 3 to 5 per
cent to finance $60 pensions for per-
sons over 60 years old. Washington also
voted against a proposal to permit
public utility districts to combine to
acquire privately-owned utility systems.
Arkansas voters refused to outlaw
horse and dog racing, while Massachu-
setts voted to declare the game of
"beano" illegal.

In Louisiana the excessive number
of 21 amendments were voted on, rang-
ing from reorganization of certain state
departments to changing the name of
the state normal college.

State and local bond issues totaling
approximately $250,000,000 were among
measures voted on in various parts of
the country, and early returns indi-
cated that most of the propositions
were approved. 2

In Missouri the constitutional amend-
ment to provide a unicameral legisla-
ture is winning according to some re-
ports but losing according to others.
Final results must await the official
count of the Secretary of State.

Council-Manager Plan News

Marshfield, Oregon, by a vote of 976
to 873, approved a charter providing
for a manager plan together with a
council to be elected by proportional
representation and changing the name
of the city to Coos Bay. (See also item
on page 629.)

Milwaukie, Oregon, by a vote of 618
to 374, adopted a manager charter.

Voters of the state of Oregon approved

2 See also p. 637.

a constitutional amendment to permit
counties to adopt the manager form
of government (see page 633).

A council-manager charter was adopted
by the voters of Berkley, Michigan, on
November 7, by a vote of 2,593 to
1,579 after several previous unsuccess-
ful attempts.

A manager charter won in Midland,
Michigan, by the overwhelming vote
of 3,409 to 1,184.

A proposed manager charter failed
of adoption in River Rouge, Michigan,
by a popular vote of approximately
three to one.

Ashtabula, Ohio, retained its 1915
manager charter by a vote of 3,888
to 3,631.

Staceyville and Haynesville, Maine,
adopted the manager plan at their
town meetings in March.

An ordinance providing for a borough
manager in Pottstown, Pennsylvania,
was unanimously adopted by the bor-
ough council on November 9. This
climaxed a three-year campaign, led
by the Pottstown Mercury and the
Chamber of Commerce. A committee
is endeavoring to obtain a qualified
manager by January 1, 1945.

Hampstead, Quebec, has been added
to the list of manager cities by the
International City Managers' Associa-
tion.

Voters of Long Beach, New York,

on November 7 defeated by a vote of
3,168 to 1,833 a proposed charter, sup-
ported by the city administration,
which would have nullified the decision
of the voters a year ago to put the
council-manager plan with proportion-
al representation in operation January
1, 1946. The latter plan was sponsored
by the Citizens Union, which cam-
paigned actively against the adminis-
tration's counterproposal.

A council-manager ordinance was
adopted in Georgetown, Texas, on Au-

1944]

NEWS IN REVIEW

619

gust 8. The former manager of utili-
ties has been appointed manager.

A charter for Negaunee, Michigan,
providing for a city manager and a
nonpartisan ballot, has been forwarded
to the Governor for approval. Janu-
ary 29, 1945, has been set as the date
for an election on its adoption.

A "Plan E" Committee has been or-
ganized in Revere, Massachusetts, to
work for adoption of council-manager
government with proportional repre-
sentation (Plan E in that state). At
an organization meeting in October, at
which Gerald L. Woodland was chosen
as president, it was emphasized that
Revere has the second highest tax
rate in the state; it was substantially
increased this year. The experience of
the near-by city of Cambridge under
Plan E was recounted by speakers. The
new organization expects to hold neigh-
borhood meetings in all parts of the
city with the purpose of having the
plan placed on the municipal ballot
in 1945.

Mayor E. A. Smith of Sarasota, Flori-
da, has recommended the manager
plan for that city in an address to
the retail merchants' association.

The Tampa (Florida) Morning Tribune

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