appear to have had an active military career as had these two
brothers and his brothers Richard and William. That he occasionally
indulged in versification cati be seen from his poem to the memory of
his brother Richard {Poetical Works of Richard Lovelace; Haslitt
Edition; pp. 291-2).
Thomas Lovelace appears in the records of New York a year
of two after the arrival of his brother Francis as governor. Broad-
head states that he was a member of the governor's council (His-
tory of Ne7v York; ii ; p. 144) ; and it is certain he was present as
a member at a meeting of the council held June 29, 1671, and again
Nov. 7, 1671 (Minutes Executive Council; Netv York; Lovelace's
Administration; i; pp. 94, 106). He appears as an alderman of
New York City. Oct. 13, 1671 (ibid.; p. 113). He was nominated
captain of the Foot Company of Staten Island, July, i, 1672, and his
appointment confirmed, Feb. 4, 1672-3 (ibid.; p. 113). July 30,
1672, he was appointed one of the commissioners to strengthen the
defenses of Fort James (ibid. ; ii; pp. 702-4), and appears, Jan. 11,
1 9 20.] Francis Lovelace. 1 89
1672-3, as one of the justices of New York City (ibid.; ii ; p. 761).
He was on his Staten Island plantation when the Dutch fleet was
sighted off New York, and was one of the messengers sent on
board to confer with the Dutch admiral at the time of the sur-
render, and was for a while detained as a prisoner of war {Mass.
hist. Collections; 6 ser., Hi; pp. 436-444). He was shortly after-
wards ordered to abandon his plantation on Staten Island and to
leave the province, but the Dutch Council finally consented to allow
him six months in which to settle his affairs, this period being ex-
tended, March 7, 1674, for an additional three months, although the
Council declared that as "the requested Bouery is already leased, he
must provide himself with another residence" {Colonial Documents
Relating History Ncic York; ii ; pp. 692-694). Before the expira-
tion of this time, however, peace was declared, the province again
passed into English hands, and Lovelace was allowed to remain.
Thomas Lovelace's plantation, generally known as "Lovelace
farme," and later as "Ellis Duxbury's Glebe," containing 340 acres,
which has just been referred to, occupied the northeast point of
Staten Island, on what are now known as the heights of New
Brighton. This tract originally was a part of or adjoined the plan-
tation of Governor Francis Lovelace. It was occupied by Thomas
Lovelace as early as 1669. Its history is traced in some detail by
Mr. Edward C. Delavan, Jr., in his Colonel Francis Lovelace and
His Plantation on Staten Island {Proceedings of the Natural
Science Association of Staten Island; zni; 1902; pp. 49-79)- Al-
though declared confiscated by the Dutch and the "Bouery leased,"
Lovelace seems to have been allowed to occupy Lovelace Farme until
the English were restored to power. He then endeavored to have
his clouded title cleared by securing a new patent from Governor
Andros, but many years passed before he was able to have any ac-
tion taken. March 5, 1687, he succeeded in having a survey of the
property- recorded, but was never able to secure a new patent for
it. He continued to live on Staten Island until his death in 1689,
and appears as sheriff of Richmond County, Nov. i, 1684 ,and
June 4. 1685 {IVerner's Civil List; State of'Nezo York; 1886; p.
463. O'Callahan's Calendar of Nezv York Historical Manuscripts;
pt. 2; p. 137).
Thomas Lovelace married and is known to have had at lea.st one
child. The name of his wife has not been learned, .^mong the
Ashmolean Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, there is a
contemporary account of the funeral, doubtless at Fort James, of
William, the young son of Thomas Ix>velace, who died in 1671, en-
titled "The friineral Solemnitii-s at the Tnterm'. of M^ Wâ„¢. Lovelace
at New Yorke in Americo 1671." This account, which goes into
minute detail, has appeared in full in the .American Historical Re-
view (ix; 1904; pp. 522-5). and is remarkable as showing a greater
degree of luxury and ceremonial than one would suppose to have
existed in the colonies at this early period.
The description of the funeral of young William Lovelace is of
sufficient interest to reprint in full :
I90
Francis Lovelace.
[July
"The ffuneral Solemnities at the Interm*. of M"". W". Lovelace
at New Yorke in America 1671.
The manner of Exposing the Corps in the Roome before the
Buriall
I — The Roome was very spacious and hung all about wth
Mourning and Escootcheons thereupon of his Paternal!
Coate to the number of 30.
2 — Round the sayd Roome were placed Turkey worke chayres
richly wrought.
3 — In the Middest of the Roome stood the Hearse with Sheete
and Pall encompassed with 8. of his Patemall Escot-
cheons.
4 — At the head a Pall of deaths heads and bones richly em-
broidered hung over as a Canopy.
5 — Over the middle of the Herse a rich Garland hung
adorned with black and white Satten ribbands and an
houre Glass impending.
6 — At the ffeete a shield 4 foote square cotes of Armes qaur-
tered and gloriously gilt which together wth the Garland
remaines as a monument in the Church to this day.
7 — Behind the hearse stood a black stand with silver Candle-
stick wax Tap's and p'fumes burning night and day to
the view of all people.
8 — A Rich Cupboard of Plate worth 200".
9— 4 rAttendants night and day.
10 — The Partall or entry to the Roome was curiously adorned
w*"* pictures Statues and other fancies in carved worke.
The ffunerall Procession
The Capt. of the dead.
The Minister.
An Esq'', in mourning carrying a shield.
The 2 : Preaching Ministers.
Two Maidens clothed in white silke carrying the Garland
w"" Cypur Scarves and Gloves tyed with a whole peice
with black and white Satten Ribband.
The Corps carried by 6. Gentlemen Batchlers all in
Mourning with Skarves and Gloves.
The Pall held up by 6., virgins all in white Silke w"*
Cypress Skarves and Gloves.
Tho: Lovelace Esq: father to the deceased and his Lady
in close Mourning.
4. Halbertes with velvet Coates and Badges thereon em-
broidered with his Creast of 40'' a Coate.
Coll : flfrancis Lovelace p'sent Governor of New Yorke
and uncle to the deceased in close Mourning single.
Capt. Dudley Lovelace uncle also to the deceased in like
mourning single.
The Councell all in Mourning.
The Mace with Miaior and Alderman in black Gownes
I.
2.
3-
4-
5-
10
II
12
13
1920.] Francis Lovelace. I g I
14. The Principall Burgers of the City 2: and 2:
15. All the English and Dutch women 2: and 2:
16. The cheife English and Dutch Men 2: and 2:
17. All Masters of Shipps and V'essells.
18. All the other English and Dutch men. 2: and 2: to the
number of 500. the greatest p't of them in black.
Wines, sweet meats and Bisketts and such Services till 10, at
night.
At the entrance of the fTort stood his Royall highnesse's Com-
pany of Guards with Colours furl'd Drums beating a
fTuneral March and afterwards severall great Cuns tired
thence.
At the Interment of the Corps 30. pieces of Ordnance
more fired.
W'hcther Thomas Lovelace had other children than this son
William is not known. It is just possible that a Francis Lovelace of
Baltimore County, Maryland, whose will, dated March 3, 1683-4, and
proved May 19, 1684, shows that he was very nearly related to th;s
branch of the Lovelace family, may have been another son {Mary-
land Wills; Ammpolis ; Liber iv ; fol. 38). There is no question,
however, that when Thomas Lovelace died late in 1688, or early in
1689, that he was without issue surviving, and that "Lovelace
Farme" passed to his niece Mary Duxbury, although the identity of
this niece Mary Duxbury has not been established. She was cer-
tainly not a legitimate daughter of his brother Richard, the poet,
nor of his brother Francis, governor of New York, as both were
unmarried. It is hardly possible that she was the daughter of his
brother William, who was killed at the siege of Carmarthen, 1645,
when a very yoimg man. She was certainly not the daughter of
either his sister Anne Gorsuch, or his sister Joanna Caesar, whose
descendants are known. She may possibly have been the daughter
of his brother Dudley or of his sister Katharine Hayne, or she may
even have been a niece of his wife.
The history of "Lovelace Farme," following Thomas Lovelace's
death, which is of considerable interest, is traced by Mr. Delavan.
March 10, 1691, Ellis Duxbury and his wife Man,-, were granted a
conditional patent to the Lovelace plantation on the ground that
Capt. Thomas Lovelace, of Richmond County, deceased, was lately
possessed of Lovelace Farme on Staten Island. Ellis Duxbury hav-
ing married Mary, who is now his nearest heir in the province. A
patent was issued to the Du.xburys for this land, but contained the
proviso that this grant should not bar any nearer heir or heirs of
Lovelace to any rights in the property {New York Patents; vi ; fol.
374). This proviso appears to have conferred an unsatisfactory
title, for June 13, 1702, the Duxburys petitioned for a new and un-
conditional patent, the petition reciting that "Capt. Thomas Lovelace
was posset of a certain farme — upon Staten Island — which hee
peaceably enjoyed for upwards of 20 years. And having no chil-
dren sent for ye petrs from Barbadoes, but before they Arrived at
192 Francis Lovelace. [July
New York was deceased, his widdow hearing yt ye pef was come,
sent for them telling them it was her husband's desire they should
have ye sd ffarme & delivered them possession thereof (reserving to
herself maintenance for life) which they have enjoyed ever since
1689," etc. {Neiv York Land Papers; iii ; fol. 69). The long sought
for patent was not finally issued until Aug. 26, 1708 {New York
Patents; vii; fol. 385). Involving as it does, valuable property on
Staten Island the history of the title is of no little local interest. It
lies within the limits of New Brighton and Edgewater. Upon the
death of Ellis Duxbury, in 1718, without heirs, "Lovelace Farme"
passed under his will to the Vestry of St. Andrews Church in Rich-
mond County {Surrogate Office Wills, N. Y.; ix; fol. 3), and was
afterwards generally known as "Ellis Duxbury's Glebe."
DUDLEY LOVELACE
Dudley Lovelace, the youngest son of Sir William Lovelace and
the brother of Governor Lovelace, was doubtless born soon after
his father's death, which occurred in 1627, as he styles himself in
the dedication to his brother Richard's poems as Dudley-Pa stumus
Lovelace. He is, of course, not named in his father's will, and in
that of his mother is simply referred to as Dudley. He may have
gone to school at Charterhouse as did his brothers Richard and
Thomas. Wood states that Dudley was furnished by his brother
Richard "with moneys for his maintenance in Holland, to study
tactics and fortification in that school of war." He was an ardent
royalist. Returning to England in 1648, being then a captain in his
brother Richard's regiment which had seen service in the Nether-
lands under Louis XIV, the two brothers were committed as
prisoners to the Petre House, in London, on account of their royal-
ist sympathies {Wood's Athcnae ; 1813-1820; iii; p. 462). He was
probably set free, as was his brother Richard, soon after the execu-
tion of Charles I.
Dudley Lovelace was among the group of royalists who followed
the fortunes of Charles II during his exile. A letter from Bruges,
where Charles then was, dated April 8, 1657, from one of the par-
liamentary agents to Thurloe, Cromwell's secretary of state, report-
ing upon royalist activities, says : "we had yesterday about fifty
young blades come from your parts, but in a short time they will
repent it. There is come hither with them — one captain [Dudley]
Lovelace, brother to colonel [Francis] Lovelace, who is always
here" {Thurloe's State Papers; vi ; p. 151). Again, Jan. 10, 1658,
he is reported to be in Rotterdam with Charles {Historical MSS.
Commission, 1904; Calendar of MSS. of Marquis of Bath; ii ; pp.
1 20-121). Dudley Lovelace had probably returned to England when
in 1659, the second part of his brother Richard's poems appeared
under his editorship; Lucasta: Posthume Poems of Richard Love-
lace, Esq.; London; 1659. The dedication which is in verse, is to
John, the eldest son of John, second lord Lovelace of Hurley, and is
signed by "Your most obedient Servant and kinsman Dudley-
1920.] Francis Lovelace. 1 93
Posthumus Lovelace." The volume ends with an eulogistic
"epitaph" in verse by Dudley upon his brother Richard. Neither of
these verses by Dudley show any special ability as a poet. Like
the first volume of poems which was brought out by the poet him-
self, this second part shows indifferent editing, printers' errors in
the text and orthography being numerous. Dudley Lovelace also
contributed a commendatory poem to his cousin Thomas Stanley's
Ayrcs and Dialogues, 1656 {^Lovelace's Poetical Works; llazlitt
Edition; p. 20).
Dudley Lovelace was commissioned, June 13, 1667, as lieutenant
in Col. Sir Allen Apsley's regiment (Calendar of State Papers —
Domestic; 1667; p. 181). He next appears with his brother Francis
in New York. March 17, 1669-70, he was appointed by Francis as
president of a commission to survey and grant lands in the town of
Esopus, April [2], he was engaged in defining the boundaries between
Hurley and Marbleton, and July 2, 1672, was on a commission to
survey Staten Island {Documents Relating Colonial History, N. Y.;
xiii ; pp. 443, 447, 466). As president of the Kingston Trustees, he
signed an agreement with the Indians, Jan. 27, i67i[-2], (ibid.; p.
401). Broadhead states that Dudley Lovelace was a member of
Governor Lovelace's Council {History New York; ii ; p. 144). EKid-
ley Lovelace owned a plantation on Staten Island, adjoining the plan-
tations of his brothers Francis and Thomas, and at one time prob-
ably occupied it {Neii' York Patents 4; p. 109). He was also rec-
ommended for a grant of land at Hurley and Marbleton, April [2],
1670 {Documents Relating Colonial History, N. Y.; xii ; p. 447). As
noted under Governor Francis Lovelace, he is several times spoken
of in contemporary documents as a brother of the governor. In
the elaborate ceremonies connected with the funeral of his nephew,
William Lovelace, son of his brother Thomas, which took place in
New York in 1671, he is called Capt. Dudley Lovelace, and is gen-
erally referred to in the records as "captain." July 13, 1670, Gov-
ernor Lovelace commissioned Capt. Dudley Lovelace as ensign in
the local militia {Minutes Executive Council of Nezv York; Love-
lace's Administration; i; p. 336). M^y 25, 1672, Capt. Dudley
Lovelace was commissioned as lieutenant of the Troop of Horse of
New York City (ibid. ; ii ; pp. 636-7).
Dudley Lovelace was one of the three officers in command of
Fort James when it surrendered to the Dutch Fleet, July 30, 1773
(Massachusetts Historical Collections; 6th ser.; iii ; pp. 436-444).
and with Capt. John Manning and his brother Thomas Lovelace
signed an official statement explaining the necessity which compelled
the surrender (Calendar of State Papers — Colonial; 1669-1674; pp.
509-510). He was arrested by the Dutch commander and sent as a
prisoner to Europe. In an account of this trip, given by him, March
29, 1675, probably in connection with the official investigation of the
surrender of New York, it is stated that "Captain Dudley Lovelace
of New York with fift\' soldiers, all prisoners in several Dutch ships,
were brought on the coast of Newfoundland 4th of September, 1673,
and carried into Ferryland Harbour where many inhabitants were
I 94 Andreas Dreyer (Andries Draeyer). [July
plundered" {Calendar of State Papers — Colonial; 1675-1676; p.
197)-
Dudley Lovelace appears, Dec. 22, 1675, as administrator upon
the estate of his brother Francis in England {Prerogative Court of
Canterbury Administration; 1675). There is no reason to believe
that he ever returned to the colonies. The writer has recently found
the administration upon Dudley's estate in England in 1686; "May
10, 1686, commission was issued to Joan Caesar, al[ia]s Lovelace,
wife of Robert Caesar, sister of Dudley Lovelace, late of London,
but dying at Newington Butts, co. Surry, to administer the goods,
etc. of the said deceased, Mary Lovelace, his relict, renouncing"
{Prerogative Court of Canterbury Administrations; 1686). It is
stated by Berry {Genealogies; Kent; pp. 474-5), and Pearman
{Archacologia Cantiana; x; p. 208). that Dudley Lovelace married
his cousin Mary Lovelace, and that they had a daughter, whose
burial is recorded at St. Margaret's, Canterbury, 23 June, 1678-9.
While it is possible that this statement as to the identity of Dudley's
wife Mary may be true, the writer believes that an error has been
made, based upon a misinterpretation of the following marriage
license: Dueley Lovelace of Cant[erbury] g[entleman] ba[chelor]
35 and Mary Lovelace s. p. spr[spinster] 20; at St. M. Bredin Cant
lerbury] Apr. 20, 1678," with a note by her father "I am consenting
Will: Lovelace" {Co7vpcr's Canterbury Marriage Licenses; Ser. iv;
p. 370). It is obvious that if the age of "Duely" Lovelace given here
is correct, he cannot be identical with the subject of this sketch, at
this time 50 years old. There is also the possibility that the Francis
Lovelace who died in Maryland, in 1684, was a son of Dudley Love-
lace, and that Mary Duxbury, the niece of Thomas Lovelace who in-
herited the latter's' Staten Island Plantation, was Dudley's daughter.
ANDREAS DREYER (ANDRIES DRAEYER).
Commander at Fort Nassau (Albany, N. Y.), 1673-74.
Rear-Admiral of the Dano-Norwegl\n Navy.
Contributed by Torstein Jahr.*
The ostensible entente cordiale between Great Britain and the
United Netherlands following the Treaty of Breda, 1667, by which,
inter alia, the Dutch West India Company had given up New Nether-
land in America, lost to the English three years earlier, came to an
end when Charles IT of England, joined Louis XIV of France, in
a compact to quell "the presumptuous arrogancy" of the Hollanders,
and on March 17, 1672, declared war against the Low Countries.*
*See Who's Who in America, 1918-1919, Vol. 10, p. 430.
1 P. J. Blok, Gcschiedenis van het Nedcrlandsche volk. 2. druk. (Leiden,
1914), 3. deel, p. 167.
1920.] Andreas Dreyer {Andries Draeyer). igj
While the Dutch navy gloriously maintained the honor of the
flag in European waters, the States General did not fail to send a
fleet to the /Vmerican coast under the command of two well-known
officers, Jacob Binkes and Cornelius Evertsen (Keesje de Duivel),
assisted by Anthony Colve and two other captains of the Dutch
army, with orders to harrass the enemy in the West Indies and to
destroy, as far as jxjssible. Enjjlish and French trade. Elated with
the success of their expedition in that quarter, die commanders de-
cided to extend their operations to New York, and demand the
surrender of Fort James on Manhattan. -
On Aug. 7, 1673, the great fleet of twenty-three splendid Dutch
vessels, having on board 1,600 soldiers of the Republic, arrived off
Sandy Hook. English commissioners were dispatched to demand
why the squadron had come "in such hostile manner to disturb I lis
Majesty's subjects in this place," to which the Dutch commanders
replied that they had come simply to take the place, '"which was their
own, and their own they would have." In the meanwhile, the fleet
quietly tided up New York Bay and anchored within gun-shot of
the fort, and after further negotiations, at the expiration of a speci-
fied half-hour, the Dutch warships opened fire. Captain Colve
landed with 600 men at "the new burial-place" on the shore of the
Hudson, just north of the fort, back of the present Trinity Church,
and marched down Broadway. But. before he could arri\e at the
fort, he was met with proposals for surrender on substantially the
same terms as those of 1664. The naval commanders now assumed
possession of the reconquered territory in the name of the States
General of the Dutch Republic, and proceeded to rechristen the
province New Netherland ; the town New York was named New
Orange, not New Amsterdam, as might have been exf>ected. and the
fort.WillemHendrik, in honor of thestadholder of the Netherlands,
the Prince of Orange, who later became King William III of Eng-
land.'
On Aug. 1 2th, they commissioned Capt. Colve "to be Governor-
General of this Country and Forts thereunto belonging, with all the
ap{>endencies and dependencies thereof, to govern, rule and pro-
tect them from all invasions of enemies, as he, to the best of his
ability, shall judge most necessary." Nicholas Bayard, the exper-
ienced clerk of the city, they appointed to act as their own secretary
and as secretary and register of the province under Colve, who at
once set himself about reinstating the Dutch government.
On Sept. 1st, Governor Colve and the commanders Binkes and
Evertsen, sitting in council, gave audience to a number of delegates
from Albany, who presented certain requests "for the maintenance
and preservation of the rights of the village of Beverwyck and Fort
Orange." The council ordered that Fort Albany (Orange) shoitld
"be called Fort Nassau, and the village of Beverwyck, Willem-
2 W. E. Griffis, The Story of New Ntdcrland (Bost. & N. Y., looo), pp.
216-217. 219.
'J. C. de Jonffe. Grschtedenis van hel Ncdertandschc zecuvcen (Haar-
lem, 1859), 2. deel, pp. 448-460.
196 Andreas Dreyer {Andries Draeyer). [July
stadt; that the commandant of Fort Nassau should protect the Re-
formed Christian rehgion; that the magistrates should be persons
belonging to, or, at least, well affected toward the Reformed Church,
and that the petitioners should enjoy the same privileges as they did
in the time of the former Dutch government. Jeremias van Rensse-
laer was granted the same immunities for a year as had been pre-
viously granted him as director of the colony of Rensselaersvyyck ;
meanwhile, he was to obtain another confirmation of the rights of
the patroon from the States General."
On Sept. 26th, the Governor appointed "Lieutenant Andries
Draeyer," commander of Fort Nassau, and "schout" (sheriff) of
the town of Willemstadt and the colony of Rensselaerswyck.*
Recalling the official report of Marcus Gjoe, the Dano-Nor-
wegian ambassador to the Dutch government at The Hague, to his
government in Copenhagen, three years earlier, to the effect that
"there was a great number of the king's subjects in the Dutch serv-
ice, most of whom were Norwegians, but almost all of whom were
common marines or officers in the lowest positions, for the Holland-
ers were too 'jaloux' to make them lieutenants or captains,"^ it is
of great interest to note that the new commander at Fort Nassau
owed allegiance to the King of Denmark and Norway.
In the early part of the seventeenth century, young men from
these countries, in search of new opportunities to better their con-
dition, had migrated in large numbers to the Netherlands ; at times
and in some districts, so many left their homes that it amounted to
a veritable exodus. In the Dutch war with England in the time of
Cromwell, 1652-54, the States General had enlisted such a number
of sailors from the Norwegian seacoast districts that England's
jealousy was aroused. Also in the Dutch merchant marine these
Northern seamen found a new field of adventure and profitable em-
ployment, and under the flag of the Batavian Republic they took part
in voyages to distant lands, "fran Nova Zemblas fjdll till Ceylon's
Branda daiar." "from Greenland's icy mountains to India's coral
% strand where Afric's sunny fountains," to the East Indies, the
Brazils and America. This service, and especially the Great Dutch
naval wars, had been a severe school in which the Norse and the
Dane learned their seamanship, being such apt pupils that they
often surpassed their masters. Time and again their king would
summon his emigrated subjects to come back to his service, and
though some returned, by far the greater number settled perma-
nently in Holland and her colonies, or lost their lives fighting for
the Dutch colors.*
During the Scanian vrar, of which anon, these attempts were
repeated to induce the Norsemen and Danes in the Low Countries
to return home. From among those returning the officers for the
♦J. R. Brodhead, History of the State of New York (N. Y., 1871), 2 vol.,
pp. 206-208.
'^ Chr. Bruun, Curt Sivertsen Adclaer (Kbhvn., 1871), p. 217.
« Ludv. Daae, Nordmctends udvandringer til Holland og England i nyere