October, and the early part of November,
1925, in active excavation. Again very im-
portant specimens and information were
obtained. Of particular interest is the
material from the period which lies between
the Basket Makers who had no pottery and
the Pueblo cliff-dwelling peoples who later
occupied the same sites. The life of the pre-
historic dwellers in the Southwest is now
knowm with greater detail than that of any
other such people. Pottery and architecture
develop under our eyes, but objects used in
religion and ceremonies have persisted from
the earliest times. A medicine man's outfit
from the earliest burials would still serve
a modern Southwestern priest.
One of the most interesting finds last fall
work was an eagle buried under a basket mth
mice and other small animals placed with him
as food after his death.
Mrs. William Boyce Thompson Expedi-
tion. — The archaeological work in Arizona
supported by Mrs. William Boyce Thomp.son
was resumed by Mr. Elrich Schmidt in October.
Additional rooms in the ruin known as Toge-
tsoge were cleared and the adjoining cemetery
thoroughly explored. Mr. Schmidt examined
a ruin on Roosevelt Lake and later, at the
request of the city authorities, did some pre-
liminarj^ digging at a large ruin, -Pueblo
Grande, near the city of Phoenix.
Dr. Margaret Mead, now in Samoa
studying as a Fellow of the National Re-
search Council, has been appointed assistant
curator in ethnology. Doctor Mead is
recognized as one of the most brilliant of the
recent graduates of Barnard College, receiving
her doctor's degree from the department of
anthropology two yeai'S after her graduation.
She will look after the collection from the
Pacific Islands and continue her research.
Dr. J. Alden Mason, who has been assis-
tant curator of Mexican archaeology since
January, 1924, resigned at the end of 1925 to
accept a position at the University Museum
of Philadelphia. Doctor Mason came to the
American Museum from the Field Museum of
Natural History where he had held a similar
position for some 3^ears. During Doctor
Mason's connection with the Field ^Museum
and previously, he had much field experience
which took him to the Alackenzie River in
Canada, into Mexico on several occasions,
and to Colombia in South America. His
general ability and his wide knowledge of
specimens and people make his leaving the
American Museum a loss to be regretted.
At the end of the present academic year
Harry L. Shapiro will join the staff of the
department of anthropology as assistant
curator of physical anthropology. Mr.
Shapiro has been trained at Harvard Univer-
sity where he is now ser\'ing as a tutor. He
has had field experience at Pitcairn Island,
where he studied the race mixture resulting
from European mutineers and native women.
The results of this trip will constitute Mr.
Shapiro's dissertation for the degree of Doctor
of Philosophy which he expects to receive in
.lune. The collection of Professor von
Luschan acquired through the generosity of
Mr. Felix Warburg provides Mr. Shapiro an
unusual opportunity for research.
Mental Capacity of Australian
Aborigines. — In a recent number of Natu-
ral History, a couple of instances are given of
Australian aborigines who in mental capacity
are apparently not inferior to the average
white man. In 1892 I lived for nearlv nine
NOTES
105
luuiiths; in Xurth Cjin'onsland, aiul was in
daily intercourse with the natives. I liad
lieen led to believe that the Australian native
was the lowest living human type, and I ex-
pected to find him not only in a low stale of
civilization but mentally on (luite a lower
plane than the European. I soon found,
however, that this was by no means correct.
Naturally one who has from infancy liv(>d in
the ojjen bush or in the rudest of bark huts,
and who knows absolutely nothing of civiliza-
tion as we know it, will have a different out-
look on the world from ourselves. Of course
the natives had, and I sup]iose still have,
different ideas from ours on man}- questions of
right and wrong, Ijut I soon came to the con-
elusion that they were intellectually' not
inferior to the average white, and that even
morally if they stood on a slightly different
plane it w'as not a lower plane.
It is said that the native cannot count and
that he has no words in his language for any
mmiber higher than three — that he can count
only one, two, three, plentj-. Yet if sent with a
flock of 2000 sheep to a station 100 m'les away
he knows if any have been lost and how many.
Frequently natives journey with transport
teams, and put up for. the night at w^ayside
inns. It was found that the native servants
could soon take a hand at euchre and play
just as well as their white masters. They
certainly know the nine from the ten, and the
right bower from the left.
When in North Queensland, I was reported
to be the best checker plaj'er in the district.
One day a fuU-blooded native was brought to
me to have a few games. It was said that he
had beaten all the whites with whom he had
played. Though I managed to hold my own,
I remember he got two draws off me, and that
he played a remarkabh' fine game. Consider-
ing that he had probably never seen a white
man till five or ten years previoush', it must be
admitted that at least some natives are not
much if at all inferior in mental ability to the
whites. Perhaps the superior types of natives
are even more intellectual than the average
whites.
As naturalists they are marvelous. They
have a remarkaljle knowledge of the various
trees, shrubs, birds, beasts, hzards, and in-
sects. In this they resemble the South African
Bushman. It is said that some years ago a
new star was first noticed by a Bushman herd.
Such an observation one might also expect
from a native Australian. — Robert Broom.
I'MlRATlJiM
In the article in this i.ssue of X.\tuu.\i.
I FisTOKV entitled" The K(hnol()gicalProi)lenis
of Bering Sea," an ern^r has been made in
Map 3 on page 93. Cape Navarin shcjiild
have lieen indicated on the point to the .south
<'i' liic C.ulf of .\na(Iir.
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS
Dr. G. Kingsley Noble, curator of the
department of herpetology, has recently re-
turned from abroad, where he visited the
museums of Germany, Austria, Switzerland,
France, Belgium, Holland, and England. The
three main objects of the trip were successfully
accomplished.
First, he negotiated exchanges of reptiles
and amphibians with the various museums
visited. Five hundred and sixty-five speci-
mens were acquired and arrangements were
made for securing about two hundred more.
Nearly three hundred species in this series
are new to our collections; forty-three genera
and one subfamily were not previously repre-
sented in our Museum. As a result of these
exchanges more genera and species have been
added to our collections than in any previous
year. Incidentally, up to this time, many of
the forms were not in any museum in America.
Secondly, Doctor Noble made a record of
the exhibits of reptiles and amphibians in the
foreign museums. These data will serve as a
useful basis when the final exhibition plans
for the New Hall of Rentile and Amphil)ian
Life in the American Museum are considered.
Thirdly, a study \^as made of all the
amphibian collections, both recent and fossil,
in the museums visited. These studies will
serve to complete Doctor Noble's research
work of the last five years on the phylogeny
of the Amphibia.
Mr. Clifford H. Pope, zoologist of the
Third Asiatic Expedition, writes from Foo-
chow, Fukien Province, China, November 16,
1925, that he is sending a very large shipment
of reptiles and amphibians, as well as other
vertebrates, to the Museum. He continues,
"We had a very successful season so far as
general collecting is concerned. I succeeded
in obtaining several series showing the early
stages of development of various Amphibia.
Eggs were very hard to find after June, and
the continuous rains through April and May
made work difficult. As it was, my feet were
put in very bad shape by the wading and I
106
NATURAL HISTORY
had to spend a whole mouth sitting down or
working only indoors.
"The collection on the whole is richer in
species than the Hainan lot. Of snakes there
are about fifty against twenty-seven species in
the Hainan collection. I found what I take
to be the eggs of Pachyiriton.
"My plans for the spring are uncertain. I
think that I can still secure some good material
here in Fukien and may stay until late fall."
Mr. Pope's shipments have not yet reached
the Museum, but two volumes of colored
drawings by his Chinese artist, Mr. Wang,
show that the collections are rich in rare forms.
LOUIS R. SULLIVAN
The Galton Society at a recent meeting
passed the following Resolution :
Whereas, The late Doctor Louis R. Sulli-
van was one of the most active members of
the Galton Society, of which he was elected
a Fellow in 1918, soon after the foundation of
the Society;
Whereas, He presented at its meetings the
chief results of his important investigations
upon the racial history of the Polynesians,
the racial composition of the present mixed
population of the Hawaiian Islands, the
relationship of the Punin Ecuador skull, and
other topics of exceptional anthropological
interest;
Whereas, At the time of his death Doctor
SuUivan's most ably conducted and compre-
hensive studies were leading him to still more
important conclusions concerning the classi-
fication and evolutionary history of the races
of mankind;
Whereas, The American Museum of
Natural History has undertaken so far as
possible not only to complete and publish the
investigations upon which he labored almost
to the day of his death, but also to carry on
further researches along the Unes planned by
him;
Whereas, His good humor, his breadth and
sympathy, as well as his keen and sensitive
intelUgence and other attractive personal
qualities had inspired the devotion of his
many colleagues and friends;
Therefore be it resolved: That the members
of the Galton Society hereby record their
appreciation of the fruitful life and works of
their late friend and colleague and their
gratification that the investigations conducted
by him are to be carried on along the lines he
had planned;
And be it further resolved: That a copy of
this resolution be forwarded to the widow and
family of our late friend and colleague in
token of our deep sympathy for their loss.
(Signed) Charles B. Davenport,
Chairman
William K. Gregory,
Secretary.
NEW MEMBERS
Since the last issue of Natural History,
the following persons have been elected mem-
bers of the American Museum, making the
total membership 8519.
Benefactor: Mr. Geo. Eastman.
Associate Foimder: Mr. D. E. Pomeroy.
Patrons: Mesdames D. C. Cook, Annie
Trumbull Slosson, and Mr. John F.
Fowler.
Honorary Fellow: Mr. Lincoln Ellsworth.
Life Members: Mesdames F. H. Cabot,
George M. Gould, A. G. Hull. Wm. E.
Keith, William H. Moore; Miss Eliza-
beth A. Hull; the Rev. William D.
Westervelt; Prof. Wendell T. Bush;
Dr. W. p. Thompson; Messrs. Walter L.
Bogert, Frederick J. Burghard, Andrew
Carnegie, 2d., Lammot duPont, Thos. A.
Edison, Henry Fitzhugh, Alex. Gold-
smith, Richard Kelly, Ringland F. Kil-
patrick, Samuel H. Kress, Charles F.
NoYEs, Jackson E. Reynolds, J. Stillman
Rockefeller, A. B. See, Edgar V. Seeler,
Jr., Frank P. Shepard and Andrew Castle
Westervelt.
Sustaining Members: Mrs. Horace Ha\'e-
meyer; Miss Mary Taylor Moulton;
Doctor Thomas T. Gaunt; Messrs. Wil-
lard V. King, and William C. Potter.
Annual Members: Mesdames J. Robinson
Beard, Percival Beresford, Martha L.
Bryant, Mildred Bedard Caldwell, Chas.
W. Campbell, J. Radford English, F.
Shelton Farr, Jos. Fels, Walter Gibb,
Philip G. Gossler, W. H. Grubby, Ralph
Guinzburg, Esther Wadsworth Hall,
Cornelius S. Lee, Elliottb Little, W. S.
McPherson, Douglas M. Moffat, Charles
Lathrop Pack, D. F. Phillips, Emmy Pohl-
MANN, Arthur J. Rosenthai,, William H.
Sage, Lisa W. Sandford; Misses Marjorie
XOTES
107
CoHKX. Maiu;ukhitk L. Modine, Mahgarkt
Dole, Mary B. Piervey, Caroline D.
HEWirr, Helen J. Piper, Sara Rossmoore,
Lizzie U. Smith, Flora Agnes Sporborg,
Jean Walker, Louise Whitin; Professors
Henry S. Graves, Graham Lusk; Doctors
BuRRiLL B. Crohn, George Feldman, Sig-
MUND W. A. Franken, H. F. Hammer,
Edgar A. Ill, Fred'k. C. Keller, G. Alfred
Lawrence, Alexander T. Martin, Law-
rence K. McCaffertt. Robert L. Mc-
Cready, Philip Meirowitz, Fordyce B. St.
John, J. Perry Seward; Messrs. Welles L.
Allen, John Hartwell Bennett, Freder-
ick T. Blakeman, Charles A. Boehrer,
Chester A. Braman, Jr., John B. Burnham,
Sidney B. Cardozo, A. Polhemus Cobb,
DA\as H. Cromptox, Fr.^nk Damrosch,
Alan B. Deitsch, Thomas C. Desmond,
Goldthwaite Higgixson Dorr, Ferdinand
Eberstadt, William M. Erb, E. Fellman,
Ben Felsenthal, Clyde A. Flint, Alex.
V . Eraser, Arthur A. Gammell, Francis H.
Geer, Deforest Grant, Lawrence S.
Greenbaum, Lloyd C. Griscom, ]SL\rk
Groskin, George Gilman Hall, Edward
M. He.aly, Henry S. Hendricks, Henry B.
Heyljmax, Walter Hiddex, Robert Horx,
Seymour Phillips Houghton, C. Shermax
Hoyt, John C. Hughes, Richard Hymes,
Phillips Isha^i, Huger W. .Jera'ey, Donald
Kaufmaxx, Sigmuxd ]\L\rsh.all Kempxer,
Peter Lorillard Kext. Edw.ard A. Kim-
ball, Chas. yi. KoHx, R. B. Koox, Isaac
Lorberblatt, E. Herrick Low, Percy C.
Madeira, Johx Lee ^Mahin, Chas. R. Mil-
ler, Spexcer ^Iiller, Jr., Corntelius vox
E. Mitchell, Wm. S. ^Ioore, Edward T.
Nichols, 4:TH., Chas. P. Northrop, Henry
Wade Nuckols, Wm. E. Owexs, A. E. Mer-
RiMAX Paff, Herman Palmer, Edmund A.
Prentis, Jr.; Marshall Prentiss, George
M. Pynchon, R. Bartow Read, George
Rich-ards, C. C. Rose, Cari. F. Schippell,
Raymond J. Schweizer, K. Spalding. Ray-
mond B. Stringham, Wm. H. Stewart,
Lewis S. Thompson, Jr., William P. Thomp-
son, Harry S. Vosburoh, Clarence F.
W.AXDMAN, Harry W. Watrous, S. J. Wise,
Emanuel Sisterhood of Personal Service,
Horace Mann Elementary School, The
Lincoln School of Teachers College, and
Yeshivath Torah Vodaath.
Associate Members: Mesdames E. J. Arm-
.sTRONi;, Ralph Ca.se, Stephen U. Edwards,
W. S. Granger, Mary H. Hale, Marx E.
Hickey, Ella L. Horr, Harriet C. Miller,
Andrew Jackson Ralston, Lillja C. Selby,
D. T. Te.\re, Daniel S. Tobin, Charles F.
White; Mlsses Theodora M. Cope,
Charlotte Dailey, Edith Evans, Nancy
Hall, H. L. H.\.skell, Jessie Kenyon,
Elizabeth Price, Sue Robinson, Gretchen
Tho.mp.><on, Edith 11 Todd, Enid Wallace,
^L\RTHA S. Whitmarsh; the Rev. James E.
Barbour .\nd the Rev E. C. Chorle v ; Prof.
E.W. E.Schaer; Doctors Paul Peter Babiy,
R. P. B.\TCHELOR, R. O. CooLEY, RobertGoo-
DALE, J. D.\RwiN Pines, Emmet Rixjord,
Dltjley Smith, D. A. Stewart, W.m. D.
Swan, John S. Linger, Karl von Vieting-
hoff; the Hon. Jo.s]6 J. Zuno; Me.ssrs. C.
M. Adams, John Adams, Silas Reed An-
thont, James W. Arrott, Geo. S. Avery,
P. H. BLA>fDING, RiCH.VRD W. BlANDING,
Cl.\rence S. Brigh.am, W. P. Bryan, Carl
W. Buchheister, Malcolm G. Chace, H.
T. Chapman, Ben E. Clement, Frank
E. CuRRAX", Howard Chalmer Dailey,
James H. Deering, Otto Degener, Gren-
viLLE Elderedge, Brooks Fleming Ellis,
E. S. E.STY, AxTHOXY EuwER Jr., Francls
Cope Evans, Walter H. Faunce, John R.
Freeman, Charles Goodnight, George
BURTOX GORHAM, Jr., MiLLEX GRIFFITH,
Jr., Edwix Charles H.all, Mike S. Hart,
W. B. Hart, -Alfred M. Hiltox, Paui.
B. HowLAX'D, George H. Hudson, Frank
S. Kelly, Clyde C. LEA^•ER, Miguel
Lillo, R. J. Longstreet, Cassius S.
Lyman, Edward G. Lyon, Frank Nob-
man MacLeod, John Willlvms Macj", Jr.,
Alvan C. Mason, Wm. L. Mauran, Jr., R.
H.^milton McCormick, Albert Davis Mead,
Albert Morgan, L. S. Morrison. A. A.
Olsson, William B. Ouellette. Herbert
Parker, S. N. Pentecost, David Perpente,
Francis J. Pettijohx, James Phixney, C. K.
Rathboxe, DeLaxcey Rochester, Jr.,
John L. Rochester, W. F. H. Rosenberg,
Paul M. Ryan, A. M. Scott, Willi.\m T.
Sexton. Wm. N. Simpson, Truman R. Tay-
lor. ^L\RK W. TennY; Chas. F. Tilling-
HAST, Harrei.l Townsend, Chas. C. Trump,
John Van Benschoten, Jr., Wm. Wallace,
Deming Wheeler, Frederick A. Whitn"Ey,
Thomas F. Wiesen, C. H. Younger, and the
Highlands Country Club.
108 NATURAL HISTORY
INSECT NUMBER
MARCH-APRIL
It is fitting that, following the present nural)er of Natural History, which tells of Man,
the issue for March-Ajiril should l)e devoted to the chief comjietitors of Man, namely, the
Insects, "our rivals in these latter hours, and perhaps our successors." No class of animals
has a more intimate bearing upon human welfare and possiV)ly regarding no other is knowledge
so essential. Some of the ways in which the public is being informed about insects are discussed
l)y Dr. F. E. Lutz, curator of entomology, American Museum, in the opening article of the issue,
which is illustrated by a representative series of insect pictures taken liy the author.
The harmful phases of insect life are presented pithily by Dr. L. O. Howard, chief of the
Bureau of Entomology and generalissimo of the force of economic entomologists to whose
defensive warfare it is due that insect enemies have not made larger inroads upon the plants
that furnish us with food and raiment.
Some insects devour our crops, others endanger health. The work of medical entomology
is illustrated in an account which Dr. Joseph Bequacrt gives of his recent trip into the mosquito-
infested Amazon country as a member of the Hamilton Rice Expedition.
Without wishing to minimize the danger from certain insects, it is in order to recall the
benefits, far outweighing these injuries, which we derive from other insects. It is not true that
the only good insect is a dead insect any more than, for that matter, this statement, with sub-
stitutions, was ever true of the Indian. Some of the ways in which insects render indispensable
services to man are told by Dr. F. E. Lutz in his article, "Friendly Insects."
Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell of the University of Colorado has traveled widely and, in making
new observations, is able to draw^ upon the rich stores of his knowledge for comparison and
contrast. In his article, "The Insect-hunter Abroad," he comments entertainingly and
informingly upon the matters of entomological interest that came to his attention in his jour-
neys to various island groups of the Old World.
Dr. Vernon Kiellogg, permanent secretary of the National Research Council, enjoys, and
with full justice, a reputation not only as one of the foremost entomologists but as one of the
most delightful writers upon insects, and he well sustains this reputation in a contribution
entitled "The Color Dust of the Butterfly."
A foundation for the knowledge of inserts cannot be laid too earlj- and it is with particular
pleasure therefore that annoimcement is made of an article for chilch-en by Miss Edith M. Patch,
state entomologist of Maine, who tells the fascinating life story of one of our common moths.
• We are apt to think of insects as creatures of the air and earth, but our ponds and running
streams also harbor insect populations.. Some of the little-ob.served phases of insect life in the
waters are revealed through an article and attractive photographs by Mr. William M. Sa\in,
who is well knowm to readers of Natural History through his previous contributions.
Every group of insects has its points of interest but there are few that so well repay the
observer of their habits as the bees. Of the honej'-bee everyone knows something, but the wild
bees are still relative strangers to many of us. Some of their fascinating, yet perplexing, habits
are touched upon in an article by Mr. Herbert F. Schwarz, research associate in Hymenoptera,
American Museum.
If space permits, other articles will be added, but at best a single issue of the magazine can
touch on only a few of the interesting phases of a class of animals that in number of species and
in number of individuals within those species far exceeds all the other living forms on this globe.
„pl,mtnllo NATURAL HISTORY. Morch.April 1926
PRINCIPAL ORDERS OF INSECTS
Chart Prepared by a. j. Mutchler and Frank E. Lutz
The American Museum of Natural History
5
WINGS
MOUTH
GENERAL
YOUNG
(NO YOUNG INSECTS HAVE WINGS.)
Mosquitoes, Gnata and Fliea
('Field Book,' pp. 229-278)
knobbed almclurcacflUedhallcros); mrelynooc.
Lapping or piercing.
typical nics: In Mosquitoes, Onnls, etc, the anlcnnm
have numerous (more than Bvo) sCRmenta.
Maggot-like; legless. Some terrestrial; others
LEPIDOPTERA
Butterflies and Moths
('Field Book,' pp. 115-228)
Sucking and, when not in use, coiled under the head.
Somelimea poorly developed.
Body covered with hairs or scales. The 0ntenna> ot
ordinary butterflies aro somewhat long and slender, with
a Buelling at the extremity. In the skippers the extreme
end tcrnuoalos in a Ihin recurved hook. Tho anlenns of
"feathery"; no knob nt tip.
other body eegmenla. The majority arc plant feeders"
Inactive pupal stage.
HYMENOPTERA
Bees, Wasps and Anta
('Field Book,' pp. 406^54)
...Hi.d™„.,^,„.b„,b. ,„....=.
For ehcB-ing or for both chewing and BUcking
before joining (he thorax.
like. Innctivo pupal stage.
COLEOPTERA
Beetles
('Field Book,' pp. 280-105,498)
Four (hind winga rorcly obscnl). Tioal n-ings
{ol>-lra) mthont appireot veins (raised ridges aro not
nings UEunlly covered by thn stiff elytra.
Chewing, In wcoviU thohcnd is prolonged like a beak
The nnlennic vc^- variable, usually eleven jomted.
Ices. Sometimes maggot-like, legless. Mouth parts
usually with Blrong mnndiblcs. Inactive pupal stago.
HETEROPTERA
True Bugs (Water-boatmen, Back-swinimera,
Squflsh-bugs, Bed-bugs, etc.)
('Field Book,' pp. 95-114)
Four. Front vringE uauslly Gomenhat leathery at the
at taehcd to tho front eqd ot the undertnda'or tho head.
«,ixs^=i,.rrs^jcir
No inactive pupal stage.
HOMOPTERA
Cicndas, Leaf- and Trce-hoppeis, Plant Lice,
White FUes, Scale Insects, etc.
('Field Book,' pp. 80-94)
""'""""""'"'"'•""""°"''
For piercing tissue and sucking juices. Tho beak ia
|E^ggi§E|S
pupate but UBUoUy there is no inactive pupal stage.
ORTHOPTERA
Roaches, Praying Mantis, Walking Sticks,
Grasshoppers, Katy-dids, Crickets, etc.
(•Field Book,' pp. 62-76)
<hi.k„tb..lbe«mb™™.hi.do.™;
The nntcnnio more or less thrcad-Iiko; in some
cases much longer than the body. Crickets, roaches, etc.
have a pair of short appcndoges at the end of the body.
Crickets, grasshopper*, katydids, etc. have brgo hiad
legs. Female crickets, katydids, etc., have rather long
S,mil„io.h..d„U. N.„..l,v.p.p.l«.„,
DERMAPTERA
('Field Book,' p. CI)
Well davcloped (or chewing.
with Staphylinid beeUcs, which also havo short wing
Similar to the adult. No iooetive pupal stage.
Damsel-flies and Dragon-flies
Four. ElonEnlo; not plaited when at reat. A notch
Tho antennie arc very short and not very noliccpblc.
do noU Lower lip long, jointed, and with a pair of
elospera on the free end. No inaclivo pupnl stage.
Termites ("White anta")
('Field Book,' p. 76)
when not in use (hjcd ddI folded). Front wings about
Chewing. Id aomc coses tho jaws arc extended some
Tanu apparently 4-iointed. Body whiliah. Pro-
era" usually most abundant. At s^mo seasons largo
together.
Similar to tho adult. No inactive pupal stage.
THYSANOPTERA
Thrips
('Field Book,' p. 79)
fringed behind {usuolly in front aJso) with long hair.
Greatly modified, forming a cone attached to the bock
Small; rarely 0.3 inch loog. Not more than two tarsal
joints; a blodder-Uke structure on the tip of the last
iomt. Usually found in (lowers.
approaches what is called a complete metamorphosis.
CORRODENTIA
Book-lice and Bark-lice
{'Field Book,' pp. 76-78)
:zE££'Hrr"'''''~ """'""
Chewing.
F^^L"^'^- ^-''-""-"'-^-i-^'^-
5«L.„.,b...*. >..i.„.i™p„H.....
TRICHOPTERA
Caddis-flies
('Field Book,' pp. 57-60)
Four. FnitlyweUcovcrcdbyvcryfinehnira. Numer-
oua longitudinal and lev cross-veins.
Poorly developed; the chcning type.
appendages at end of abdomen. Prolborax small.
Worm-like; legged; most of them make portable
MECOPTERA
Scorpion-flies and othere
('Field Book,' pp, 56-57)
' - '" — -
bearing chewing mouth parts nt its end.
The males of scorpion-flies have n pair of claspers
Caterpillar-like and Uvo on or just below the surface
vorous. Inactive pupal stage.