c
0^' ,v:
r.!'."^^
cP'^
^v>
#
V â– > o ,,
vr.
^"<-
^ â– ';*^)^.- ^<^ '^â–
â– 'K^ ^ -^
^ /,-r;'.S '^^y^.:->^ /^:^S:^
#^
^^0^
^
^ ^^.
^.^ {^^^'-:^ ^^ :^>^'V^, '\ /'
'^\
o^^
.r
â– ^^^ 0^
. .x^'
.^^ "<<â– â–
V
<" .\V'
^ ^^.
= %.
^.^' ^::
^^
.^^
^0'
^^ 0^
%^ :^>^^'V;X.s^
y
y
-0. % '"' v^^
V
cx^'
.N^
s" cV ^ ^H^r^i^s* ,^ ^ '.^^%:?^s* ,f' -^
0.^^
>' ^.
<.
%
\
.^^
.: %. ^^^
â– r^^
^ ^
9^. "/
.^â– ^
O. //
"^ ""â– V^^-". '% "' V *.^ ""^.^ "' ' v^^*^'"/%>
^^.
'^<?. A<^ .^^K^^'^-'- '^^-
.^
'. -^.J
i's ^
.^ .^ -^ %:^^i^.\.r "^ ^.. - ./ "^ ^-o-^^s\r^
\' ^
° ^
^0^
,^^9.
;, - -^0^
i^SWii- ^ N^ *<»
CLEVELAND'S
MALADMINISTRATION
FREE TRADE, PROTECTION
AND
REGIPROCIT Y
•* BY
P. CUDMDRE. ESQ., B. H.
NKW YOKK:
For Sale by P. J. Kenedy, No. 5 Barclay St.
1896.
CLEVELAND'S
MALADMINI8TIIATI0X
FREE TRADE, PROTECTION
AND RECIPROCITY
BY
P. CUDMORE, ESQ., B. H.
COUXSELOU AT LAW.
4uthor of the "Irish Republic," "The Civil Government of tlie States,'
and "Constitutional History of the United States," " Poems and
Songs," and "Buchanan's Conspiracy," "The Jficara-
gua Canal and Reciprocity," "The Battle of
Clontarf, and Other Poems," Etc.
PRICE TEN CENTS
New Vork:
tf'OR SALE BY P. J, KEN .^V, No, 5 BARCLAY ST.
1! •;
VOHQl -"^'^
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in che year 1896,
BY P. CUDMORE, , ,
in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.
\
fi
•if
CLEVELAND'S
MALADMINISTRATION
FEEE TRADE,
PROTECTION AND RECIPROCITY.
CHAPTER I.
"CLE\"ELANT) AND TARIFF UF.FORM"— CLE\'ELu\XD AXD FREE TRADE— CIJEM5-
LAND'S FINANCTAI. r(M>I(Y. DEMOrHATIC CONSPIRACY. DEMOCRATIC BLFX-
DERS, DEMOCRATIC INCAPACITY. HAWAIIAN TREATY AND A>fNE}XATION— SIL-
VF.Ii AM> (ioM). ItBl'EAL OF TKK SHEliMAN SILVER ACT— HE SAW THROUGH
r.KlTISH (iLASSKS-SOlTHER.V r>EMOCKATS— THE BUSINESS METHODS OF
CLEVKEAND .V.\I> THE DE:M0C lATIC PARTY— •'U'NEMPLOYED"—ENGIJSH I:?TER-
ESTS. WESSON TARIFF. LXCt TAX. WAGES. LABOP.. CAPITAL. IMPORTS ANT)
EXPORTS. CHEAP LABOR—] AIOCRATIC TARIFF POLICY'— DEMOCRATIC HARD
TiMES-DEMOCKATIC PANI<^ OF 1S93— REBFL FLAGS— BRITISH INVASION OF
XICARAGI'A— XIOARAGUAN 'AXAI^-RECTPROCITY— EXTRADITION' TREATIES—
CI>EVKLAXD AXD EX<;LAXD— FREE TRADE— COBDEN CLUB— CAXADA FISHERIES
— VEXBZUEHvX BOL'XDARY- MOXROE DOCTRINE— IRISH REPUBLICANS.
In liis first message to oodkhss. in l.'^.So. President Cleveland showed plainl.v that his
adniinistrntion would b? favoiablo to the interests and inlluenoe of England and Canada,
and that he -would, like Buchanan, be under the ir.Juence of the ex-rebels. Knowing that
England was je^'lous of the grt-at and g<iv\\ig [liosijerity of the United States, Cleveland
opposed the building of the Nicaraguan cana' a^d the annexation of territory to the United
Slates. He openly avowed that he favcrtd ''ree trade and hostility to American manu-
facturers. Through Secretary of State B;.yard he made nu extradition treaty with Eng-
land, which would give Englai^d the ritiit to send over her police to hunt down Irish
political iialrinis and take llicm hack to British prisons. The Democratic newspapers would
nob publish this infamous treaty, fearing that the Irish would abandon the Democratic
party. The Democratic senators voted for this infamous treaty (in secret sessionl : the
Republicans to a man voted against it. Senator C. K. Davis of ;Minnesota made a
vigorous speech against this treaty. The infamous treaty was defeated by the Republic;ins.
During President Harrison's administration Secretary of State Blaine made an ex-
tradition treaty with EngUinO which exempts from arrest Irishmen charged with ptditical
offenses from that tirat.v. P'nce 1S42. when the Ashburton treaty was nrade, under Demo-
cratic. W'liig. and Republican administrations. England seemed satisfied with her treaties
with the United Stales. It is strange that England found such willing and ready friends
in President Cleveland find Secretary Ba.vard to advance English and Canadian interests
in tho United States. lie Canadian government immediately seized upon American fish-
ing vessels, and fined tne owners on frivolous pretexts, refused to sell them bait or sup-
plies, and endenvorpi ^o ruin American fishermen. Canadian yessela depredated on
.â– Viuerican seal fisherii :. in Behring sea. All of tliese insults to the American flag and
in.iuries to American rights only drew frini SecretaT-y Bayard a feeble note for an explana-
tion, which was not heeded either by England or Canada. The Canadian authorities kept
right on st.?aling our seals and capturing American fishing vessels, until President Har-
rison and Mr. Blaine made them respect the American flag and the lives and property of
American citizens,
4 CLEVELAND'S MALADMINISTRATION.
On the election of Mr. Cleveland the South (solid «nder tariff and the race problem)
made an effort to control the future policy of the DenKxratic party and influence Cleveland's
administration. I'resident Cleveland appointed two ex-rebels as cabinet officers, and one
ex-rebel to the supreme court of the United States. The South always wanted a majority
of the supreme court. The Soiitliern Demixn-ats, since President Clevelanil's tii'st inaugural,
have kept the "bloody sliirt" and the rebel Qag to the l)reeze. They have marched in
solemn processions with Confederate flags and uniforms at the funerals of Jefferson Davis.
General Lee, and others. They have organized Confederate ex-rebel associations in op-
position to the Grand Army of the Rppiililic. During President Cleveland's first term
lie issued .^n order for the return of rebel flags. The world has admired the forgiving spirit
of the victorious Union soldiers towards the late reliels. Since the War of the Rebellion
the Union soldiers have reft-ained from any display of hostility toward the Southern ex-
leliels. Thcv have extended toward them a general pardon for their attempt to destroy the
nation and dissolve the Union.
In ISSS President Cleveland, in his message, boldly proclaimed himself a free trader,
tind openly avowed hostility to protection in any form. In 1SS5 he withdrew from the
senate the treaty negotiated by Freliughuysen. secretary of state, in ISS-t. giving the
United States a protectorate over Nicaragua and conceding the I'nited States the control
and o^vne^ship of the Nicai-agiui canal. In 1S48 Great Britain took possession of Blueflelds.
Greytown. and the !^an Junn river. President Taylor compelled Eugland to relinquish her
grasp on Nicaragua. The Clayton-Bulwer treaty compelled her to relinquish her protectorate
over Nicaragua and Central America, thus tacitly recognizing the iloiiroe I)(jetriue. Prpsi-
denb Harrison told the English ambassador that the question of the control of tlie Mosquito
-coiist was one for Nicaragua alone to settle, and that we sliould not permit foreign nations
to interfere. This was sutHcient notice that Mr. Blaine and President Harrison would main-
tain the Monroe doctrine. In 1893 English subjects In Blueflelds and Jamaica took pos-
session of Blueflelds. and started a rebellion to overthrow the Nicaraguan authorities in
the Mosquito Territory and make the Indian chief, Clarance, king of Mosquito and Blue-
fields. A British man-of-war landed tnops at Bluefielis to encourage the rebels, the l.ritish
subjects, and the Indians, to give England control of Blueflelds, the San Juan river, and the
Nicaragua canal. The goverument of Nicaragua sent a large militari. force to Bluefi?lds,
suiipressed the rebellion, and expelled Mr. Hatch, British vice consid. and other British sub-
jects, who were fomenting rebellion, and stirring up an Indian war. The Indians submitted
to the authority of the Nicaraguan government, and the Mosquito territory was ma.u' a
state in 1894. Thus the Indians became voluntarily the subjects of Nicaragua. England
was disappointed, and trumped up a claim for the expulsion of Hatch and other British
rebels. In 1895 the British landed marines and took possession of Coriuto. Nicaragua, seized
the custom house, hoisted the British flag, and proclaimed martial law, without a protest
fnnu I'resident Cleveland or Secretary Gresham. While the British fleet was at Corlnto,
Ajnliassador Bayard was drinking the queen's health In London. He was more English than
the English themselves. Dec. 10, 1895. resfilutions of censure were introduced in the house
against Bayard for speeches made in England and Scotland reflecting on the people of the
United States. He called a protective tariff "socialism." Bayard's grandfather was a Tory
and a Federalist, and voted against Jeffer-son. February, 1S96, while said n solutions were
pending in the house. Bayard made other gpeeches in London, with the Union .Tack flying
over his head. He is a confirmed Anglomaniac. He should be compelled to resign. Why
have not Irish Democrats requested Cleveland to recall this Anglomaniac?
March 20. 1S06, the house of representatives, "in the mime of the people of the United
States." jiassed resolutions censuring Ambassador Bayard, for the speeches made by him
in England and Scotland reflecting on the people of the United States.
Nicaragua, under protest, paid England $75,000 as an indemnity for the expulsion of Hatch.
Tills invasion of a free republic has stirred up a feeling of animosity in Latin America against
Great Britain. The seizure of Corinto without protest from President Cleveland and Sec-
retary Gresham encouraged England in her attempt to steal American territory in Alaska and
a vast teiTitory from Venezuela; and overthrow the Monroe Doctrine. In 1894 Secretary
Gresham and President Cleveland recommended the withdrawal of the United States from
the Samoan Islands, giving England the entire control of the South Pacific ocean. In 1893
President Cleveland withdrew the Hawaiian treaty from the senate, which was negotiated
by President Harrison and Secretary Blaine, annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the United
States. Both President Cleveland and Secretary Gresham and the Cuckoo Democrats op-
posed, through the press, from the stumj), and in congress, the annexation of Hawaii. Cleve-
land and .Secretary Gresham wanted to overthrow the Hawaiian republic and to restore the
ex-queen to the throne of Hawaii!
Senator Davis of Mlnnes<ita, a member of the committee on foreign relations, made a
vigorous speech in the senate in favor of the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands a-d 'he
Monroe Doctrine, coaling stations, and our preponderance in the Western hemisphere, -.lit-
ically, financially, and cummeiciuUy.
CLEVELAND'S MALADMINISTKATIOX. 5
England, Cleveland, and the Free Trade Democrats are opposed to the annexation of
any more ttrritiny. 'luey waut to keep tUe United States indenuitely a niauufacturiug aud
eommeieial dependency of Enfjland.
In 18U5, the Republican house passed a resolution, requesting the president to notify
England to arbitrate the Venezuelan boundary dispute and to reiiort to the house the
answer of the British government. Secretarj- of ^^tate Oluey demanded of the English gov-
ernment a prompt and decisive answer. Lord Salisbury answered that England would not
recognize the Monroe Doctrine. President Cleveland sent a message to congress, asliing for
an api'iiipriation to defray the exiieuses of a commission to ascertain the lK>undary line
between Vetnzutla and British (Jiiiana. In his messige he reaffirmed the Monroe Doctrine.
He said that the I'nited Stiites would ii,aint;un the Monroe Doctrine even if it resulted in
war with England. He was suppoi-ted by both houses of congress ^nd the American peo-
(>le. The Monroe Doctrine is as much a part of American international law as the Dec-
laration of Independence. The English press denounced the m.^ssage and the commission.
In January, lstM5. Senator Davis introduced his famous resolution on the Monroe Doc-
trine: '"Resolved, liy the senate (the house of representatives concurring). That the I'nited
States of America re:iffirms and continus the doctrine and principles promulgated liy Presi-
dent Monroe, in his message of Dec. 2. A. D. 1S2.". and declares that it "ill assert and
niaint;un that doctrine and tliose principles, and will regard any infringen>ent thertof, and
particularly any attempt by any European power to take or acquire any new or additional
terrltorj- on the American continent or any islands adjacent thereto, or any right of
eoverelgnty or dominion in the same, in any case or instance, as to which the United States
shall deem such attempt to be dangerous to its peace or safety, by or through fbrce, pur-
chase, cession, occupation, pledge, colonization, protectorate, or by control of the easement
in any canal or any other means of transit across the American isthmus, whether under
tmfou'ided pretensions of right in cases of alleged boundary disputes, or under any other
imfounded pretensions, as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition towards tlie United
States, and as an interposition which It would be impossible in any form for the United
States to regird with mdifference."
Tills resolution, as well as his speech on Hawaii, has given Senator Davis both a na-
tional and interiwlliiual repvitaiion as a statesman and jurist.
Feb. 11, 1800, tlie British (lueen. in her speech, said that she accepted of the Vtoundary
line between her dominions in Afghanistan and the Russian empire; the boundarj- line in
Siam lietween t^ngland and France; the boimdary line which the United States may de-
termine between Venezuela and British Guiana. Slie yields to Russia and France the pro-
twtorate over Tiirlcey; she yields to the Boers and the emperor of Germany the English
land gral)liing in South Africa. Thus the queen was willing, for her own peace and safety,
to let Russia. France, the I'nited States, and Germany limit i.nd fix the boundary of the
British empire. England is going down hill. England has recognized the Venezuelan com-
mission and has presented her case to the conmiissioners in the form of a blue book, thus ac-
Ivuowledging the Monroe Doctrine and the United States as the supreme court of this con-
tinent.
England, in January, 1896, was bulMozin? the I'nited States nnd displaying her flying
squadron. On Feb. 11, 1S06, all is changed, nnd England is talking of the "Iwnds of rela-
tionship which unite the two great English speaking nations." Ix>t us remember the
Roman maxim. "Fear the Greeks when they come bearing gifts." The English are the Greeks
Of the modern world. The expression, "Perfidious Albion," has been embalmed In history.
CHAPTER 11.
HARUISON'S PROSPEROUS ADJIIXISTRATION— BONTJS REDEEMED— CREDIT GOOD—
REOn'ROOn-Y WITH LATIN AMERICA AND OTHER COUNTRIES-Lu\BOR PROS-
PEROUS^DEMOGRATIC PLATFORMS AND SPEECHES AL.VRMED THE BUSINESS
]MEN— OLEVELAN-D'S FREE TRADE MESSAGES— DEMOCRATIC P-ANIC OF 1893—
FAILURES— HARD TIMES.
During Hm-risiMi's administration business was prosperous and credit good. The Repub-
lican party redeemed a large amount of tl:e bonds, with the surplus whicii had accumu-
lated in the treasuiy under a Republican high tariff, of which English importers had paid
an enonuous amount. The bonds redeemed amounted to $267,000,000. No bonds were due
between March, 18S9, and 1893. But President Harrison was following the principles of
Jefferson in his effort to abolish the public debt, even bj- a high tariff, which would be paid
in the first instance by foreign manufacturers, who take their chances in the American mar-
l:et in opposition to the competition of the .Vmerican nianufaotvirers. For the goods manu-
factured in America add to the world's surplus, and make manufactured goods cheaper all
over the world. Hence, English free traders dread the American manufacturers, who
will di-ive them out of the American marliet and compete with England in the woild's mar-
lietg. \t is but a matter of time. Tliey reduced the revenue $70,000,000
a year, put several articles on the fi-ee list, which wo could not produce in this country
in sufficient quantity, and made reciprocity treaties with Latin-America and other coun-
tries. Harrison's administration left .$100,000,000 in gold in the treasury to redeem the
greenl)acljs and $25,000,000 of free gold and a large amount of silver bullion. Since ISS-l
the Democrats have kept up a fierce war on the manufacturers. Democratic speakers and
newspapers have denounced the tariff as a "robber tariff" and unconstitutional. During the
campaign of 1S92 the Democrats arrayed the poor against the rich and labor against cap-s.
ital. They appealed to the prejudices of the criminal classes, anarchists, and social demo-
crats in order to get olfics, ijower, and "spoils."
Cleveland's fi-ee trade messages, the Chicago platform, Democratic speeches, and the
tone of the Democratic press In the campaign of 1892 alarmed the business men of the
world and the manufacturers of the United States. Foreign capitalists feared that the
Democratic party would carry out their menaces against capitalists. The business men lost
confidence in the Democratic party.
President Cleveland, in his inaugural in 1893, left the world in doubt as to his future
policy. He kept the business men in a state of uncertainty. The commercial world be-
came alarmed and capital timid. European bankers called for their gold, and shipments of
gold increased every week. They called on the treasury of the United States for the pay-
ment of treasury notes in gold. Secretary Carlisle broke in on the $100,000,000 gold reseiTe
and refused to issue bonds or gold certificates. This caused a great rush on the treasury,
as the foreign capitalists feared that they wauld not be paid in gold when the $100,000,000
reserve would be exhausted. The banljers saw that a panic was at hand, and refused to
loan to their customers. Credit fell off, and a run on the banlcs followed. The secretary
applied to the bankers of Wall Street for a loan of their gold suriilus. Tliey told him that
they needed their gold to maintain their own credit; that they would exchange gold for
bonds or gold certificates. He denounced the bankers as "Wall street sharpers, with inter-
ests entirely opposed to the rest of the country."
The refusal of Cleveland and Secretary Carlisle to issue gold certificates precipitated the
"Democratic panic of 1893." The issue of a few millions of gold certificates, an increase
of revenue, interest-bearing treasury notes in small denominations of twenty dollars as a
popular loan would have saved the credit of the nation, and 'vould have prevented the panic
of 1893. Gold exports rose in, April, 1S93, to $18,000,000. The exports were larger in May
and June. The blundering of Cleveland, Carlisle, and the Democratic party precipitated
the panic of 1893, which extended all over the country. Failures multiiilied and assumed a
serious importance; works were stopped; mercantile houses went down befofe the financ'al
stoim, and thousands went into bankruptcy; factories closed; thousands were thrown oi
employment; foreign nations not buying American stocks caused a tumble in railway,
ing, manufacturing, and other stocks, and all kinds of securities, thus creating a strinfj
in the money market; banks contracted their credit to their customers, and business
were unable to get renewed credit. Banks failed, manufacturers failed; grain mercl:
could not get money to move the crop; wheat went down, and other produce, causing
versal business stagn;ition. In February, 1S94. wheat in New York City was dovm to s
two and three-eighth cents, the lowest since 1S25; it was twenty-eight cents lower tha-
average price ot 1S92. So much for "Cleveland and reform." Ruin and poverty spr.-a:
over the country, which a few months before was the most prosperous in the world. \\
and prices went dowai before the financial stonn. The "unemployed" were forced into
ness, poverty, and hunger!
(6) '
CHAPTEE in.
CARLISLK ISSUED BONDS TO THE UOTHSCTIILDS-WILDCAT STATE BAXKS— GOLD
STANDARD-GOXFEDEKATES .VTl'OINTED TO UFFI('E-DESTi:UCTIOX OF GREEN-
BACKS— UNE>rrU»YF>D- COX DY-MISERY OF WORKING lEOPLE -WILSON TARIFF
OP 1,S94— INCOME TAX— Cr)BDEN CI.rB-HENUY GEORGE— SOCIALISTS AXT>
AN.VRCIIISTS-EXGLISH rMPORTERS-AlIERICAN MAXn^ACTI'RERS-AMEKXCAN
HOME MARKET— REPEAL OF RECIPROCITY.
ClovpIaiKi, (Im-inp liig second term, appointed hia eat)inet from third rate men, who
would hend to hia will. It was very iinfoitiinato that he did not appoint a secretary of
tlie ireasnry «lio had practical knowledge of tlie fimmcial and commercial business of the
world. He appointed from the defunct Southern Confederacy rnl.inet officers Secretary of the
Treasurj- John G. Carlisle of Kentucky. Postmaster General William L. Wilson of West
Virginia. Secretary of the Navy Hilary A. Herbert of ,\lahama. and Secretary of the Interior
Hoke Smith of Georiria. In 1.«!04 he nppolnted Edward P. White of I»uisriana a jndsic of
the supreme court. He appointed several e-x-rehels and rebel sympathizers to foreign mis-
sions and consulships.
SecretaiT Carlisle, in 1804. was obliged to issue bonds. Had he issued gold certificates
In 1S0.3 he would have averted the greatest panic in ancient or modem times. He had to
learn from experience. Experience is a hard school. Fools learn in no other!
In ,Ta-iunry, ISM, Carlisle issued bonds amounting to $100,000,000; in Febniary. 180.5.
bonds amounting to $02.31,5,000— which were sold to Rothschild's syndicate at four and ooe-
half per cent premium. Since then these bonds sold in open market at 124 per cent. In Jan-
nary and February. 1S95, while consrresa was in session. Cleveland and Carlisle had been in
secret negotiating with the Rothschild syndicate whereby the syndicate pnmised to funiish
tlie treasury with gold, in consideration of obtaining a monopoly of the s.ile of the bonds,
until October. 1S05. The Rothschild syndicate made over $10,000,000 profit by this trans-
action. Should the government pay thfse bonds according to the terms it will have paid in
interest ,$70,000,000 and a total of $1.^.5.000.000! In January. I.'^OO, Carlisle issued a call
for the sale of $100,000,000 Iwinds, at four per cent interest, for twenty-nine years. Should
the lx)nds run that long the government will pay dear for its whistle and the repeal of the
McKinley tariff and reciprocity.
During the financial panic Pre.aident Cleveland heeded not the financial ruin of the coun-
try and busine.ss prostration, and the misery of thousands of unemployed who were starv-
ing.
During the summer of 1S03 Cleveland was plotting with such Southern Democrats as
were fi'llowing his dictation. He seemed, through Minister lia.vard, to have an understand-
injr with England, as he was copying everything British on tariff, free trade, and finance.
He saw everything through British glasses. Immedi.itely on the demonetization of silver
in India. President Cleveland called an extiu session of congress, to meet the 7th of
August, 1S03, for the sole purpose of repealing the Shennan silver act of 1800. In his mes-
sage he s;iid that the rejieal of the Sherman silver act wrmld end the crisis. Time has
shown him to be a false projihet.
The peojile lost confidence in the business methods of President Cleveland and the Dem-
ocratic party. At the election of 1803 the Democrats met their Waterloo.
President Cleveland, in his mes-sage. December, 1803, hoisted the banner of free trade
and hostility to American manufacturers and industry, and recommende<l an anti-prote<-tion
policy. He had nothing to say for the unemployed; nothing to relieve the country from the
fearful wreck of the "Democratic panic of 1.S03."
Congi-ess met in the midst of a great panic. President Cleveland seemed to think, tliat,
with his patronage, he could control the Democratic congress, but the Democrats split on the
sil\er q\iestion and the tariff.
aeveland told the country that he would stick to the Chicago platform. During the
hard times and the suffering of the imemployed of 1893 and 1894, under the whip of Cleve-
land and the "spoils system," the Wilson tariff bill passed the house and went to the
senate, Tlie Cuck,)o Democrats, who made vigorous sjieeehes against the income tax, were