ness occupations and resorts, the dwellings, the firesides, the traits of domestic
association, and other data, which go to make up the warp and woof of life.
Nor is it less instructive than pleasant, to be, as it were, introduced thus
familiarly to the companionship of men who have been or are distinguished in
the sphere occupied by them. If they be men of sterling and intrepid quali-
ties, it is a privilege to be made acquainted with the motives of their actions, to
follow them from their starting point, to mark the difficulties and opposition
they encountered in their struggle for advancement the energy and skill by
which they were overcome, and the courage that animated them to persevere in
their efforts. By their failures, also, warning is obtained of the various quick-
sands and dangers that beset the path of commercial life.
Thus considered, the lives of noted business men supply abundant and
striking material for the pen of the writer. It is true, that only here and there
does such a life present itself among that class so full of versatile and remark-
able experience as to afford substance for an elaborate and formal biography.
Such as the latter have sometimes been written, exhibiting a most frugal pro-
portion of kernel to shell mere rivulets of fact in meadows of verbiage, and
bringing positive discredit both upon the author and his subject. But, not-
withstanding this, there are very many characters which afford, respectively,
some trait, habit, or individuality, capable, when presented in a lively manner,
of furnishing entertainment and profit in the highest degree ; as the numberless
specimens here spread out before the reader will attest.
It may safely be asserted, that no character of fiction, made ever so dazzling
by the imagery of the novelist, presents to the mind such marvels as may be
found in the solid realities of experience pertaining to an Astor, a Rothschild,
a Lawrence, a McDonough, a De Medicis, a Girard, and their compeers, the
chronicles of w T hose great and unfaltering career loom up so conspicuously in
these pages. Nor is the mind less startled at the history of the magnificent suc-
cess of a Morris, a Law, a Lafitte, a Goldschmid, a Fordyce, a Hudson, and
INTRODUCTION.
others, and their subsequent downfall and ruin. Not only are such narratives
adapted to intellectually impress to captivate, to excite, to confound, to arouse
to wonderment, to amuse but they may be made subservient to positive profit ;
in business parlance, they may " be made to pay ! " An aquaintance with the
ways and means which have characterized the career of successful business men
their apt sayings, or more apt silence ; their penetration of human character,
and art of imperceptibly influencing its sensibilities and moods- to their own ends ;
their genial sallies and happy repartees ; their shrewd plans, skilful combina-
tions, ingenious finesse, and general modus operandi of " turning a trade ;" such
an acquaintance cannot but be a capital desideratum to all who move in a kin-
dred path.
The plan which has been adopted of dividing the contents of this work
into different sections, each devoted to a particular specialty, is one which will
enable the reader to strike easily at every salient point in the anecdotical field
of commerce and commercial character thus spread before him. Of the bear-
ings of the first department, we have already spoken ; the others admit, sev-
erally, of similar explanatory detail with respect to their prescribed object and
the illustrations afforded by their contents. But, not to attempt to specifically
portray or analyze the features of each department by itself, into which this
volume is divided the fascinating data which open up in the memorials cf
world-renowned merchants, bankers, and millionnaires the arts and humors of
money dealing the captivating examples of success based on the practice of
the more rigid qualities the low craft and bold criminalities both of ancient
and modern traffic the whims and ingenuities of business phraseology the
unique thoughts and things pertaining to commercial transit the curious phe-
nomena of trade and merchandise in their legal bearings the exhibition of the
private or domestic side of mercantile characters the novelties and erratic expe-
dients characteristic of bargain makers in different countries the vagaries
and hazards of insurance the incidents of clerk life, shop experience, &c., to-
gether with the variegated jottings of trade and its votaries, as related to " the
rest of mankind;" without attempting to depict the results, or point out the
peculiar entertainment presented by each one of these, separately, it may be
remarked, in conclusion, that perhaps the portion of this volume which ex-
hibits the phenomena of commercial dealings in their most extraordinary de-
velopments, is comprised in the recital of the manias, bubbles, panics, and
delusions, which have from time to time swept the business world like a tor-
nado, carrying before it the verdant like chaff, and ultimately the most sagacious
and wary.
Now that those delusions are past, it is difficult to conceive how mercantile
men could be led to entertain such visionary expectations, and to pay immense
premiums in distant and hazardous undertakings, of which they knew little or
nothing. A blind ardor seemed to take possession of men's minds ; every
rumor of a new project was taken at once as the presage of sudden and inex-
haustible wealth. People supposed they were forthwith to lay their hands on
treasure that waited simply their bidding. The rise, in many cases, exceeded
cent, per cent. Many who were most eager in pursuit of shares, intended only
to hold them for a few hours, days, or weeks, and then profit from the advance
which they anticipated would take place, by selling them to others more credu-
lous or bold than themselves. The confidence of one set of speculators con-
firmed that of others. Meanwhile, the indiscriminating rapacity of the public
Xiv INTRODUCTION.
was fed by every conceivable art. Madness ruled the hour. The poor and the
rich rushed wildly to invest their all ; and even mendicants rolled proudly, for
a while, in fictitious wealth ! But, as in all such cases since the world was, the
shadows of doubt began, in time, ominously to cast themselves athwart this
bright picture, and soon deepened into the dark and lurid clouds of stern real-
ity. People turned ashy pale. Consternation took the place of confidence, and
Panic spread out her spectral wings. Thus, one by one these airy bubbles ex-
ploded, leaving the wail of desolation, of gaunt despair, and of ghastly suicide,
in their fatal train. The pen of the romancer, in its most unrestrained flights,
would fail to equal, in startling wonders, the chronicles of commercial tragedy
which have their appropriate department in this volume.
ONTENTS.
PART I.
ANECDOTES AND REMARKABLE REMINISCENCES OF THE EAELT CA-
REER OF BUSINESS CELEBRITIES IN ALL AGES AND COUNTRIES..
ASTOR, ROTHSCHILD, OUVRARD, BATES, BARKER, TOURO, McDoNOGH, HOWQUA, GOLD-
SCHMID, HOPE, HOTTINGUER, COUTTS, MORRISON, DE MEDICIS, GlRARD, BlDDLE,
LABOUCHERE, LAFITTE, APPLETON, COOPER, GRESHAM, PEABODY, NOLTE, GRAY,
VANDERBILT, BEATTY, LAWRENCE, LOWELL, WHITNEY, GIDEON, BARING, MORRIS,
LORILLARD, STEIGLITZ, PERKINS, JEEJEEBHOY, BROOKS, LONGWORTH, ETC., ETC., ETC.
Appleton, Nathan, merchant, of Boston.. 32
Appleton, Samuel, merchant, of Boston.. 48
Appleton, William, merchant, of Boston 33
Astor, John Jacob, merchant, of New
York 47
Astor, William B., millionnaire, of New
York 39
Barings (The), bankers, of London 27
Barker, Jacob, merchant, of New Orleans 43
Barnum, P. T., " the Prince of Showmen,"
of New York 29
Bates, Joshua, of the house of Barings,
London 21
Beatty, James, merchant, of Baltimore. . . 23
Biddle, Nicholas, financier, of Philadel-
phia 26
Brooks, Peter C., millionnaire, of Boston 49
Bruck, M., Austria's great merchant
banker 7
Bussey, Benjamin, merchant, of Boston.. 15
Callaghan, Daniel, the Irish mercantile
celebrity 9
Child, Francis, founder of English bank-
ing houses 14
Coeur, Jacques, French merchant in the
Middle Ages 37
Cooper, Peter, merchant, of New York.. . 16
Cope, Thomas P., merchant, of Philadel-
phia 53
Corning, Erastus, merchant, of New York 51
Coutts, English banker 3
B
Dadabhoy Jeejeebhoy, Parsee banker and
merchant 41
De Buirette, the illustrious German mer-
chant 28
"Denison, Old Mr ," of St. Mary Axe.. . . 46
Dexter, Lord Timothy, eccentric mer-
chant, of Newburyport 20
Fish, Preserved, merchant, of New York 10
Forbes, William, Scotch banker 6
Fordyce, Alexander, the Shark of the Ex-
change 44
Fugger, Johannes, and the great commer-
cial family of Fuggers 15
Garrison, C. K., merchant, of San Fran-
cisco 40
Gideon, Sampson, the rival of Rothschild 18
Girard, Stephen, merchant and banker,
of Philadelphia 29
Goldschmid, Abraham and Benjamin, old
English bankers 38
Goodhue, Jonathan, merchant, of New
York 50
Gracie, Archibald, merchant, of New York 52
" Gray, Old Billy," merchant, of Boston . . 35
Gresham, Thomas, royal merchant and
financier, of London. 26
Haase, Henry Engelbert, banker, of Bre-
men 9
Herodotus, a merchant 41
Hogg, William, Pennsylvania millionnaire 41
Hope, Henry, banker, of Amsterdam. ... 13
XVI
CONTEXTS.
Howqua, senior Hong merchant 2
Jeejeebhoy, Jamsetjee, great Parsee mer-
chant 19
Khan, the celebrated Persian merchant. . IS
Labouchere, P. C., the youthful prince
merchant 2
Lafitte, Jacques, French banker 8
Lawrence, Abbott, merchant, of Boston. . 42
Lawrence, Amos, merchant, of Boston. . . 11
Lawrence, Cornelius W., merchant, of
New York 12
Leavitt, David, merchant, of New York. . 11
Lenox, James, merchant, of New York. . 11
Little, Jacob, " of Wall Street " 22
Lloyd, Jones, banker, of London 8
Longworth, Nicholas, milliounaire, of
Cincinnati 45
Lopez, Judah M., speculator in annuities 38
Lorillard, the New York tobacconist 46
Lowell, Francis C., merchant, of Boston 14
McDonogh, John, millionnaire, of New
Orleans 17
Medicis, Lorenzo de, "the magnificent
merchant," of Florence 12
Morgan, Edwin D., merchant, of New
York 31
Morris, Robert, financier, of Philadelphia 1
Morrison, James, " of Twenty Millions " 21
PAGB
Nolte, Vincent, the wandering merchant 19
" Old Billy Gray," merchant, of Bos-
ton 35
Ouvrard, G. J., "the Napoleon of finance" 52
Overend, John, pioneer bill broker, of
London 46
Peabody, George, merchant and banker,
of London 16
Perit, Pelatiab, merchant, of New York. . 37
Perkins, Thomas H., merchant, of Boston 50
Ricardo, David, English financier 33
Ridgway, Jacob, merchant, of Philadel-
phia 37, 54
Rothschilds (The), wealthiest bankers in
the world 23
Solomon, the merchant sovereign 7
" Spencer, Rich," merchant and banker,
of London 35
Steiglitz, richest of Russian merchants.. 7
Stewart, Alexander T., merchant, of New
York 30
Sturgis, William, merchant, of Boston.. 473
Tattersall, the London auctioneer 4
Touro, Judah, merchant, of New Orleans 34
Whitney, Stephen, merchant, of New
York 14
Wood, James, the Gloucester million-
naire 3
PAKT II.
ANECDOTES AND INCIDENTS OF BUSINESS PURSUITS IN THEIR MONEY
RELATIONS.
BANKS, BANKERS, BROKERS, SPECIE, NOTES, LOANS, EXCHANGE, DRAFTS, CHECKS, PUBLIC
SECURITIES, AND CURRENCY IN ALL ITS FORMS AND PHASES; WITH JOTTINGS OF THE
MOST CELEBRATED MILLIONNAIRES AND MONEY DEALERS THEIR BUSINESS MODES AND
CHARACTERISTICS, MAXIMS, COLLOQIUES, WIT, ECCENTRICITIES AND FINESSE.
"Accommodation" offered at the Bank. . 119
Addison's Opinion of the Royal Exchange
and its Frequenters 112
Albert Gallatin declining Mr. Baring's
Offer of a Fortune 115
An Excited Specie Hunter 97
Another Bank Project 72
Application for a Discount, by Astor 102
Astor's " Secret Pain " 88
Atchafalaya Currency by the Cord 75
Avoiding Specie Suspension 74
Bank Parlor in the Winter 74
Bank Teller's " Varieties 'J 92
Bankers of the Old School ... .76
PAGE
Bankers Snubbing Napoleon 87
Banking Habits of Girard 66
Banks Failing 84
Banks of Ease 108
Barnard, the Proud Broker 114
Bewitching a Bank Teller 114
" Borrow Money ! Borrow Money ! " 00
Bound not to Break 86
Brief Explanation of Banking 83
Burning a Banker's Notes 76
Business Aspect and Conduct of the
Richest Banker in the World 71
California Gold, Seventy Years Ago 73
Capital of European Bankers 81
CONTENTS.
XVll
Cashier Inviting a Run upon his Bank. . . 77
Coin used by Judas 100
Colloquies inside the Bank 106
Conducting Business on the Paris Bourse 95
" Confidence " in Hard Times 62
Countiug-House Dinners 69
Croesus, vast Wealth of 91
Curious Reason for Borrowing Money. . . 74
Detecting Bad Bills.... 1 96
Determining the Genuineness of a Check 96
Disadvantage of being a Bank Director. . 107
Discounting an Hibernian's Note Ill
Disinterested Brokers 68
Drawing the Specie 59
Dudley North's Opposition to Brokerage 81
Endorser's Qualification 110
Establishment of the Bank of England-
Curious Facts 85
Final Argument at a Bank Counter 80
Financial Physic 82
First Jewish Bill of Exchange 80
First Run upon Bankers 116
Florentine Brokers and Money Loaners.. 94
Four Money-making Rules of Rothschild 115
Franklin's Multitude of Capitalists 98
Gallatin, Albert, declining Mr. Baring's
Offer of a Fortune 115
George Peabody's Colossal Fortune 72
Girard's great Government Loan 100
Glances behind the Bank Counter 61
Goldschmid and Baring's Unfortunate
Contract Suicide of the Former.... 61
Governor of the Bank of England taken by
Surprise 113
Greatest Lending House in Europe 105
Gresham's Scheme of Exchanges 115
History of the Old Red Cent 101
Immense Consignment of Gold to a New-
York House 119
Intruding into the Bullion Room 99
Irish Banker Redeeming his Notes 93
Irishman at the Bank 108
Jacob Barker's Forty Kegs of Specie. . . . 79
Jacob Little and the Missing Bank Bill. . 83
Jacob Lorillard's Note of Accommodation 110
Jewish Money Lenders Ill
Jewish Perseverance and Shrewdness... 88
Juvenile Contempt of the Bank 108
Lafitte in a Tight Place. . . . 65
Largest Dealer in Commercial Paper in
the United States 90
Largest Private Check ever Drawn 105
Learning the Currency in a Small Way. . 66
Leather Money 80
Lives of Bank Notes 73
Logic of Specie Payments 68
London Bankers and Banking Houses .... 78
Lorillard paying a Bequest in Bank Stock 105
Losing a Bank Customer 110
PAGE
Loss of Bank Notes 64
Lost Bank Note of Thirty Thousand
Pounds 103
M. Rothschild on the Secret of his Success 101
Manifolding Bank Notes 98
Merchants' Notes as Currency 103
Modes of conducting Operations, by Roths-
child 92
Model English Banker 90
Modern Bank Directors' Parlor 96
Money-changers in China 76
Money Street of New York 112
More Cunning than Rothschild Ill
Mr. Biddle's Wit 87
Neapolitan Cambiamoneta or Money-
changer. . 104
New York Bankers and Western Court-
houses 83
Nicholas Biddle and the Mississippi Loan 61
Note Buyers 109
Novel Securities for Loans 70
Obtaining Security to be a Broker 78
Oldest Bill of Exchange in the World 106
Origin of Paper Money 101
Ouvrard, the Banker, and Napoleon 65
Pawning Money in Ireland 70
Paying Notes in Specie 79
Peculiar Management of the Bank of
Amsterdam 102
Peep at the Treasure in Threadneedle
Street 91
Peeresses conducting Banking Operations 89
Pennsylvania Bonds 120
Picayunes and Coppers 113
Proud Broker Barnard, The 114=
Punch's Money Vagaries 66
Pursuit of Specie under Difficulties 63
Queen Anne saving the Government Bank
from Pillage 116
Raising Money on Manuscript 93
Rendering Bank Notes Serviceable 116
Renewing a Note 98
Ricardo's Three Golden Rules 101
Roman Money Lenders 68
Rothschild trying to Raise a Small Loan 100
Royal Runners and Brokers 107
Running a Bank 99
Russian Money Brokers 109
Scenes after Discount Day 104
Securing Trustworthy Bank Officers, and
the Safety of Capital 69
Security for a Discount 79
Sir Robert Peel's Opinion of his Son as a
Financier 89
Spanish Reals versus Spanish Bonds 84
Specie in the Brokers' Windows 64
Strongest Bank in the World 82
Supposititious Will of the Bank of Eng-
land Directors. .. 117
xvm
CONTEXTS.
Terrible Revenge on a Bank, by Roths-
child 95
The Great Bankers of the World together
in Rothschild's Parlor % 60
" The Lady's Broker" 77
The United Job and Lazarus Bank 81
Throwing out Jacob Barker's Notes 84
PAGE
Timely Hard-money Loan 67
Unexpected Balance at Coutts's Bank. . . . 106
Vast Wealth of Croesus 91
Vaults of the Bank of France 62
Voltaire's Dealings in Government Stocks 111
Weight of Miss Burdett Coutts's Fortune 87
Yankee Hoarding Specie 72
PART IIIo
ANECDOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS
QUALITIES.
INTEGRITY, ENTERPRISE, ENERGY, PERSETERANCE, COURAGE, SHREWDNESS, PUNCTILIOUS-
NESS, PRUDENCE, AMBITION, GRATITUDE, BENEVOLENCE, GENEROSITY, ECONOMY ; WITH
PENCILLINGS OP STRIKING BUSINESS ADVENTURES, VICISSITUDES, EXPLOITS AND
ACHIEVEMENTS, BOTH SERIOUS AND COMICAL.
A Good Beginning Old Moses Roths-
child 184
A. T. Stewart's Success 145
Aged Merchant saved from Robbery by
the Weather 176
Agreement for a Loan 142
American Merchants of the Olden Time
Joseph Peabody 174
"An Error in Shipping the Goods" 170
Aptness and Nicety in Business Illustrated 170
Arab Honesty in Business Transactions. . 140
Astor's Early Prediction 144
Aztec Merchants 181
Benevolence of Goldschnu'd, the Old Jew
Broker 126
Benevolence of Shai-king-qua, the Chinese
Merchant. 172
Bone and Offal Millionnaire 161
Boston Merchant's opinion of Business
Men's Honesty 157
Boyhood Struggles of a Merchant, Gideon
Lee 125
Bruised but not Crushed: the Messrs.
Brown of Liverpool 167
Business Habits of A. T. Stewart 165
Business versus Disease 141
Celebrated Question in Commerce put by
Cicero 140
Chinese Merchant's Gratitude 169
Commencing in the Sub-cellar 135
Commencing with Three Tobacco Boxes
Jacob Barker 179
Commercial Fortune of a Peer 173
Confidence in Mercantile Success 144
PAGE
Controversy among Wine Dealers 137
Cope's, Thomas P., Integrity 155
Correct Appreciation of Mercantile Cha-
racter, by Mr. Astor 186
Day and Martin, the Millionnaires of High
Holborn 147
Earliest American Whaleship in England 181
English Merchant and Spanish Beggar. . 176
Enterprise of Yankees and Russians
'Cutely Illustrated 161
Erastus B. Bigelow's Boyhood Bargain.. . 144
European and American Modes of doing
Business 171
Everything by turns : Girard's Example. . 136
Expectations against Results 138
Explaining his Business 181
Extension and Profits of Mr. Astor's Fur
Business 186
Father Taylor and the Banker's Exhorta-
tion 169
First Greek Adventure to America 153
First Penny gained by a Millionnaire 126
Five Years of Privation and a Fortune... 161
Foot's, Lundy " Blackguard Snuff" 135
Fortune of a Commercial Peer 173
Fortunes at a Single Blow 130
French Mercantile Independence 127
General Jackson's Interview with Samuel
Slater 145
Generosity of Chickering the Piano-Forte
Maker 159
Getting the Hang of Mercantile Transac-
tions 138
Gideon Lee carrying the Lapstone r> 171
CONTENTS.
xix
Girard trying to raise Five Dollars 142
Good Word for Girard 176
Goodhue, Jonathan, Noble Mercantile
Trait of. 162
Great Deeds of European Merchants 134
Gresham's Fortunate Letter 174
Half a Million Profit by One of Girard's
Operations 173
Handful of Wool and a Bank of Money. . . 164
Hiding the Dollar with a Dime 158
Hinges upon which Trade swings 138
Honorable Distinction attained by Mr.
Perit 188
Hope and Co., Peremptory Refusal of, to
do Business with Girard 134
Hudson, George, Tale at a Dinner Party. 142
Indians' Mode of Judging a Trader 132
Jacob Barker's Success when a Youth.... 147
James G. King's Treatment of Resent-
ments 162
John Jacob Astor's " Highway to For-
tune " 171
Johnson's Prejudice against Merchants.. 165
Labouchere and Vincent Notte 151
Ladder of Commercial Success 157
Late at a Dinner Party : George Hudson 142
Lawrence, Abbott, not disposed to Lie. . 164
Lee and his Travelling Companion 125
Lending a Helping Hand: A. Lawrence.. 141
Liberality of YakoolefF, the Russian Mer-
chant 127
Little too Candid 137
Locking-up Foreign Merchants in Eng-
land 128
Making Conditions : King James and the
Corn Merchants 123
McDonogh's Greatest Victory 162
Mercantile Character Comparatively Esti-
mated 131
Mercantile Defalcation Made Good after
Sixty Years 158
Merchant Patrons of Literature 130
Merchants and Legislators 133
Merchants getting to be Gentlemen 133
Merchants of the Golden Fleece 128
Minding One's Own Business 171
Mohammedan Mercantile Morality 135
Mohammedan's reason for Not Storing
Goods 131
Money Eno.ugh to Break o.n 131
Money -getting Tact of Jews 173
Monsieur Smith : Girard's Man 154
Mr. Everell and the Hindoo Merchant.. . . 180
Mr. Grinnell's Liberality 183
Murdered Merchant Watched by his Dog 176
Mutations of a Merchant's Life ; the New-
Orleans Sock-Seller. . 129
Mysterious Benefactor Incident of the
South Sea Bubble .158
PACE
Napoleon and Byron on Trading 131
Noble Mercantile Trait of Jonathan Good-
hue 162
Not Ashamed of Work Astor's Diligence 133
Not disposed to Lie : Abbott Lawrence.. 1G4
Old Fashioned Shopkeepers 128
Opulent New York Merchants 133
Patriotic Merchants of the Revolution . . . 127
Patriotism and Prowess of French Mer-
chants 150
Peculiar Feature in Rothschild's Business
Character 173
Peremptory Refusal of Hope and Co. to
do Business with Girard 134
Perkins's, Thomas II., Deliberate Habits. 150
Perseverance badly rewarded 185
Persevering Traders 170
Philadelphia Young Merchant, who was
not afraid of Girard 158
Polly Kenton's Lard Speculation 164
Portuguese Pilgrim in the Streets of
Venice proclaiming its Commercial
Doom 175
Present Prosperity of the Rothschilds. . . 180
Private Mercantile finances and Royal
Fleets 174
Privateering Exploit of a Salem Merchant 149
Quaker Merchant's Idea of Privateering.. 132
Queen Juno's Opinion of Merchants ...... 125
Recovering a Wasted Fortune 130
Redeeming Lost Time 163
Remarkable Case of Conscience in a Busi-
ness Man 182
Restitution by a Shopkeeper 163
Retiring from Business Engaging to
Blow the Bellows 141
Reverses of Mercantile Fortune 168
Reynolds, the Charitable Quaker Merchant 127
Roman Idea of Merchants 154
Romance of Trade " Blackguard Snuff'* 135
Roscoe, William, the Poet Banker 169
Rothschild and Astor compared 151
Sabbath Experipnces of a Shipmaster. ... 139
Scene in a Merchant's Counting Room after
the Peace of 1^15 153
Search for a New Route to China 186
Second Thought on a Trade 155
Secrecy in Business Transactions prac-
tised by Rothschild 156
Shaking One's Business Credit 123
Sharing in a Good Operation 156
Shopkeepers and Warriors 175
Six Days for Business nnd One for Rest.. 157
Sole Qualification of a Bill Broker 173
Sources of Wealth of the Medici Family
of Merchants 182
Spanish Mercantile Dealings 163
Stewart's, A. T.. Success 162
" Stick to Your Last ". . . . 137
XX
CONTEXTS.
Strong Point in Mercantile Success:
Girard's Silence 153
Tempting Business Paragraph 161
The Banker's Seven-Shilling Piece 177
Thorburn's Flowery Path to Fortune 166
Thomas H. Perkins's Deliberate Habits.. 150
Thomas P. Cope's Integrity 155
Three Merchant Voyages and their Re-
sults 155
Too Close application to Business 141
Touro's Great Gift to a Beggar 159
Tudor, the Original Ice Merchant 153
PAGE
Usurious Interest on Money : Peter C.
Brooks's Rule 172
Value of a Good Credit 132
"Walter Barrett's" Cotton Mission 148
Washington as a Business Man 179
Wealthy Men of Cincinnati 168
Whale Fishery Enterprise of Americans 160
What John McDonogh said to a Lawyer. 146
Who were the First Whalemen ? 129
\Villiam Roscoe, the Poet Banker 169
Yankee Shrewdness Handsomely Illus-
trated... . 124
PART IY.
ANECDOTES OF TRADE AND BUSINESS IMMORALITIES.
THE RAREST INSTANCES OP INGENIOUS BUSINESS FRAUD, FORGERY, COUNTERFEITING, AND
SMUGGLING ; USURY, ARTIFICE, TRICKS, AND MALPRACTICE ; WITH EXAMPLES, EX-
TRAORDINARY AND AMUSING, OF AVARICE, COVETOUSNESS, PARSIMONY, EXTORTION,